1390 ±190 GTC

4000 GTC

VEGETATION

SOIL & DETRITUS

FOSSIL FUEL

OCEAN SURFACE 960± 60 GTC

INTERMEDIATE & DEEP OCEAN 36000 ± 2000 GTC

SEDIMENT150 GTC

ATMOSPHERE

745 ± 5 GTC

580 ± 30 GTC

MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION

60 GTC

PLANT RESPIRATION

NET DESTRUCTION

1.5 GTC

ANAEROBIC

AEROBIC

FOSSIL FUEL BURNING

6 GTC

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

2GTCPHTOSYNTHESIS

120 GTC

60 GTC CO2

CO CH4

C6H12O6

C6H12O6

CH4

KEY:

: C SINK

: PROMINENT FORM OF C: PROCESSES

INFO

Prajakta Ghatpande

OCEAN BIOLOGICAL PUMP OF CARBON

MIXED LAYER

MIDOCEANIC THERMOCLINE

DEEP SEA

ORGANIC MATTER

SEDIMENT150 GTC

MARINE BIOTA

ORGANIC MATTER

SINKING PARTICLE

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS

PHYTOPLANKTON

BIOLOGICAL

UPWELLING OF DEEP WATER

CO2 & NUTRIENTS

REMINERALIZATION

PUMP

960 ± 60 GTC

36000 ± 2000 GTC

150 GTC

3 GTC

50 m

CALCIUM CARBOANTE 0.15GTC

LIMESTONEDOLOMITE

CO2 + H2O H2CO3

H2CO3 + CO 3 2- 2HCO 3

2-

CO 2 + B (OH4 ) - HCO 3 - + B (OH)3

(CaCO3 )S Ca 2+ + CO3 2-

Points to Ponder:

3GT/year increase in atmospheric C or 1.5 ppm/year.

GWP(global warming potential) of CO2 = 1

A new global C cycle model with a realistic CO2 e-fold lifetime of 55 yr.(half life 38 yr.) reveals that the temp. will increase by~ 0.30 C by 2100.

Atmosphere has small C pool size but; large flux rates to other compartments.

Geritol Fix:

Artificial increase in the CO2 absorption by fertilizing Key ocean regions. A few scientists have theorized that insufficient Fe is the only possible reason for low biological activity in southern ocean. Therefore, fertilizing it with Fe would boost population & henceforth the CO2 absorption.

Can GLOBAL GREENING be a solution for GLOBAL WARMING?

DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

TOXICITY SYMPTOMS

ROLE IN PLANT GROWTH

ROLE IN MICROBIAL GROWTH

CONCENTRATION IN PLANTS

EFFECT OF pH ON AVAILABILITY

INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER NUTRIENTS

FERTILIZER SOURCES

MOBILITY IN SOIL

MOBILITY IN PLANTS

FORM TAKEN UP BY PLANTS

NUTRIENT INFORMATION

REFERENCES

CO2 .

Plants prefer C12 over C13

Elevated levels of CO2 in the atmosphere benefit some plants by making them more tolerant to cold temperature.

CO2 mobile in soil pore space.

HCO 3 - mobile in soil solution.

None.

No deficiency symptoms.

In case of low carbon content of the soil, excess N is absorbed by plants as nitrate which will result in slow and stunted growth.

No carbon toxicity.

But; often increased carbon content in soil increases C: N ratio, thereby allowing the micro organisms to utilize the available N for break down of carbonaceous material,before plants can use that N, thus inducing a N deficiency in plants.

Macroelement required by plants, constitutes about 40-45% of dry weight of plant matter.

Basic energy source and building block for plant tissues.

Converted through photosynthesis into simple sugars.

Used by plants in building starches, carbohydrates, cellulose, lignin, and protein.

Main food of microbial population, Utilization by microbes is closely related to C:N ratio.

The rate of CO2 saturation concentration for leaf photosynthesis ranges between 400-800 microliters CO2 per liter of air.

None.

10:1 C: N ratio needed for stable organic matter.

High C:N ratios lead to nitrogen immobilization.

Low C:N ratios lead to N mineralization.

N rates in excess of those required for maximum yield can lead to increased soil organic C.

Crop residues, green manures and animal wastes can be significant sources of soil organic carbon.

Organic Carbon + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energyenzymes

CO2 + H2O + Energy (Light) Organic Carbon + O2

Chloroplast

References:

Carbon dioxide and environmental stress by Yiqi Luo & Harold A. Mooney.

The global carbon cycle by B. Blin, E. T. Degens, S. Kempe, P. Kenter

Carbon Cycle modeling by Bert Bolin

Carbon sequestration in the biosphere by M. A. Baren

Botany, A functional approach, 4th edition by Walter H. Muller.

Carbon Cycle 1998.