1402 hybrid firefighter ii 6th edition chapter 4 — building construction south carolina fire...
TRANSCRIPT
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1402 Hybrid Firefighter II6th Edition
Chapter 4 — Building Construction
South Carolina Fire Academy
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Understanding construction types can help firefighters in several ways.
4–2
• Predict aspects of fire
development
• Make aware of structur
al instabilit
y
• Select correct tools
(Cont.)
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Understanding construction types can help firefighters in several ways.
4–3
• Judge safety
• Select right
type of vertical ventila
tion
• Apply emerge
ncy escape techniq
ues
• Adds to situatio
nal awaren
ess
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Construction size up is based on the consideration of several factors.
4–4
• Age of building
• Construction materials
• Roof type• Renovations,
modifications• Dead loads• Number of
stories• Windows• Other
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You must be aware of conditions created both by the fire and by trying to extinguish the fire.
4–5
• Conditions that
contribute to spread
and intensity of fire
• Conditions that make
building
susceptible to collaps
e
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Dangerous building conditions are created by a variety of factors.
4–6
• Fuel loading
• Furnishings/ finishes
• Roof coverings
• Large, open spaces
Co
urte
sy of E
dd
ie A
vila
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Engineered and truss construction presents unique hazards.
4–7
•When
unprotect
ed can fail
•After 5 to 10 minutes of fire exposure•From exposure to heat without flame
•Critical
temperatu
re for
steel
•1,000°F (538°C)
•Construction
•Metal gusset plates can warp, fail unless corner nailed•May be protected with fire-retardant treatments
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Bowstring truss roofs, common in large open floor spaces, present unique problems.
4–8
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Construction, renovation, and demolition can create hazards.
4–9
Courtesy of Ron Moore and McKinney (TX) FD
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Structural collapse is the failure of a building or any portion of a building.
4–10
• Results from
•Natural cause•Explosion•Damage from other forces
•May occur
•With or without warning
• Should be considered
•During preincident surveys•Throughout size-up
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Many factors are considered when determining collapse potential.
4–11
• Renovations,
additions,
alterations
• Age of
structure
•Weather
•Loads
• Construction
Type
(Cont.)
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Many factors are considered when determining collapse potential.
4–12
• Length of time fire
burns
• Stage of fire
•Contents
• Amount of
water used to extinguish fire
• Other
indicators
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WARNING
Structural collapse can occur with little warning. If indicators start to appear, collapse is imminent and personnel must withdraw from the structure and the collapse zone.
4–13
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When collapse is imminent you should follow the following steps.
4–14
• Inform Command, all others in building
•Establish clear collapse zone
•Roll call or personnel accountability report
FIRST SECOND THIRD
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Determining a collapse zone is done with several factors in mind.
4–15
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Guidelines to consider when determining the collapse zone vary by construction type.
4–16
•Type I
•Not as likely to collapse (Cont.)
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Guidelines to consider when determining the collapse zone vary by construction type.
4–17
•Type IV
•Least likely to collapse
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Collapse zones are established in three situations.
4–18
•There is indication the structure has been
weakened by prolonged exposure to
fire or heat
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The size of a collapse zone must account for several issues, including safety.
4–19
•Construction type
•Other exposures
•Safest location
• Apparatus• Personnel
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• Knowing and understanding building construction is as vital as your knowledge and understanding of fire behavior.
• You must be familiar with the types of construction in your community or response area, be aware of changes to existing structures, and follow trends in building construction.
Summary
4–20