14.2 Community Interactions

KEY CONCEPT Organisms interact as individuals and as populations.

14.2 Community Interactions

Competition and predation are two important ways inwhich organisms interact.

• Competition occurs when two organisms fight for thesame limited resource.– Food– Water– Shelter– Mates

• How does cooperation

and competition among

organisms differ from

human cooperation and

competition?

14.2 Community Interactions

Interspecific competition

• Occurs between two different species, even though they have different niches

14.2 Community Interactions

Intraspecific Competition

• Occurs between members of the same species.

14.2 Community Interactions

• Predation occurs when one organism captures and eats another.

14.2 Community Interactions

Predation

14.2 Community Interactions

Symbiosis - A close relationship between 2 or more organisms of different species living together

14.2 Community Interactions

• There are three major types of symbiotic relationships.

1. Mutualism: both organisms benefit

14.2 Community Interactions

Lesser long nosed bat

• Bat pollinates cactus in spring as they feed on nectar

• In summer eat fruit and spread indigestible seeds when they pooh!

14.2 Community Interactions

Can you think of other mutualism examples

14.2 Community Interactions

2. Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed

Human Our eyelashes are home to tiny mitesthat feast on oil secretions and dead skin. Without harming us, up to 20 mites may be living in one eyelash follicle.

Demodicids Eyelash mites find all they need to survive in the tiny folliclesof eyelashes. Magnified here 225 times, these creatures measure 0.4 mm in length and can be seen only with a microscope.

+

Organism benefits+

Ø

Ø Organism is not affected

Commensalism

• There are three major types of symbiotic relationships.

14.2 Community Interactions

Commensalism

14.2 Community Interactions

3. Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed

• There are three major types of symbiotic relationships.

Organism benefits0

_

Organism is not affected

Hornworm caterpillarThe host hornworm will eventually die as its organs are consumedby wasp larvae.

Braconid waspBraconid larvae feed on their host and release themselves shortly before reachingthe pupae stage of development.

_

Parasitism

+

0

14.2 Community Interactions

• There are three major types of symbiotic relationships.– 3. Parasitism meet their needs as ectoparasites

(such as leeches) and endopaasites (such as hookworms)

14.2 Community Interactions

Parasites

Pinworms – Yikes!

Worst parasites