Prof.Dr. Ashour Abdelsalam Date: 03/03/2009 Tumor Cell Biology Dept. Medical Research Institute

Master Degree Examination General Histology (Connective tissue and blood)A) Choose the right answer (s):

1. The following cells are found in connective tissuesa. mast cells b. fat cellsc. fibroblastsd. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Correct: a, b & c2. The following tissues are proper connective tissue

a. cartilageb. lymphc. adipose tissued. blood

Correct: c3. The loose connective tissue is found

a. around the mucous membrane of gutb. between musclesc. blood vesselsd. in the peritoneum and mesenteries

Correct: all4. The loose connective tissue

a. is soft and easily bentb. contains little cavitiesc. Become filled with fluid in oedemad. is known as lamina propria

Correct: all5. Dense connective tissue

a. may be regular as in ligament and jointsb. may be irregular as in tendonsc. is either white or blackd. contains more fibers but fewer cells

Correct: c & d6. Tendon cells

a. are fibroblasts in between collagen fibersb. have triangular shapec. have rectangular shape none of the above

Correct: a, b & c7. White fibrous connective tissue constitute

a. ligaments of jointsb. sclera (the outer tough coat of the eye)c. dura mater (the outer coat protecting brain & spinal cord)

d. the dermis of the skinCorrect: all

8. Yellow elastic connective tissuea. is found in large arteriesb. is found in heart and lungc. constitutes the elastic ligaments of legamenta flavad. all of the above

Correct: d9. Reticular connective tissue is found in

a. lymphoid organsb. liverc. bone marrowd. endocrine glands

Correct: all10. Reticular connective tissue consists of reticulare fibers and

a. mast cellsb. plasma cellsc. fibroblastsd. none of the above

Correct: d11. Adipose connective tissue is widely distributed

a. around kidney to form shock absorbing padsb. in mesentery and omentumc. in bone marrow cavitiesd. in superficial fascia below skin to prevent heat loss

Correct: all 12. Mucoid connective tissue has

a. no fibersb. fibroblasts of stellate formsc. fibroblasts of elongated shaped. little amount of histeocytes but much in mast cells

Correct: b13. Mucoid connective tissue is found in

a. embryo tissue onlyb. adult tissue onlyc. both of the aboved. umbilical cord of the pregnant women

Correct: c &d14. Fibroblast cells through their activity form

a. collagenb. elastinc. reticulin d. mucin

Correct: a, b & c

15. Chondriocytes are the only cell type ina. loose connective tissueb. adipose connective tissuec. special type of connective tissue called cartilaged. special type of connective tissue called bone

Correct: c 16. Hyaline cartilage is stained with basic dyes for it has

a. collagen bundlesb. sulfated mucopolysaccharidesc. rich glycogend. collagen and chondroitin sulfate

Correct: d17. The active bone-forming cells produced from osteogenic periosteum and from

another osteogenic layer area. osteoclastsb. chondriocytesc. osteocytesd. chondrioblasts

Correct: none18. Osteoclasts are active where

a. there is bone resorptionb. there is cartilage formationc. there is bone formationd. none of the above

Correct: a & c19. Haversian cannals

a. are found in portal tracts of liver tissuesb. are microscopic fine bony channelsc. have lumen containing loose connective tissue in which lie small nerve,

artery and veind. are found in glomeruli of kidney tissue

Correct: b & c20. Volkmann's cannals are

a. tunnels that supply blood to periosteum and endosteumb. ultrastructural channels appeared in hepatocytesc. found in big artery and veind. none of the above

Correct: a 21. Sharpey's fibers

a. serve to fix periosteum to its boneb. are coarse collagen either calcified or non-calcifiesdc. are coarse reticulin extending from periosteumd. none of the above

Correct: a & b

22. Plasma is composed ofa. waterb. proteinsc. mineralsd. waste metabolic products

Correct: all23. White blood granulocytes are

a. lymphocytesb. monocytesc. plasma cells d. mast cells

Correct: none24. Lymph capillaries differ from the blood capillaries in the following

a. end blindlyb. have irregular shapec. have no Rouget cells (pericytes)d. have poorly developed indistinct basal lamina

Correct: all25. Red blood corpuscles use energy to maintain

a. normal electrolyte gradients across plasma membraneb. iron atoms of hemoglobin in divalent formc. iron atoms of hemoglobin in trivalent formd. their enzymes in a reduced form

Correct: a, b & d26. Barr body

a. exists as the small appendage of one of leucocytes nuclear lobesb. is known as drumstick chromosome Dc. is visible in peripheral blood filmd. is the condensed quiescent X-chromosome in female neutrophils

Correct: all 27. Romonowsky-type technique includes

a. H & E stainsb. Giemsa stainc. PASd. Wright stain

Correct: b & d28. Basophilia is the affinity for basic dyes which is characteristic in

a. DNA in nucleusb. RNA in cytoplasmc. Ribosomesd. Mitochondria

Correct: all

29. A particular feature of hemoglobin filling the cytoplasm of RBCs isa. eosinophiliab. azurophiliac. neutrophiliad. basophilia

Correct: a30.B) Fill in the spaces: (underlined words are correct)

1. Connective tissue is classified into proper and special connective tissues2. Proper connective tissue includes loose, dense, adipose, reticular and mucoid

tissues 3. Special connective tissue includes supporting tissues as cartilage and bone and

vascular tissues as blood and lymph.4. Unlike epithelium, connective tissue has a great amount of intercellular

substances5. While epithelium is avascular tissue , connective tissue is highly vascularized6. Matrix of connective tissue is consisting of carbohydrates and mucoproteins7. Some of mucopolysaccharides in connective tissue matrix are stained with basic

dyes while others are neutral8. Connective tissue fibers are three types namely collagenous, elastic and reticular

fibers.9. Collagenous fibers are called white fibers as they have no color when fresh10. Elastic fibers are called yellow fibers for they appear yellow when fresh11. Young fibroblast elaborate a substance called tropocollagen which is a precursor

of collagen while old fibroblasts are called fibrocytes which are inactive12. Mast cell is packed with granules which mask a central small nucleus. These

granules are metachromatic13. Mast cell granules appear red with toluidin blue, a phenomenon known as

metachromasia14. Mast cells secret heparin which is anticoagulant and histamine which is a

vasodialator15. The cytoplasm of the plasma cells is stained with HE except the central part

where Golgi apparatus is located but the nucleus appeared as car-wheel pattern16. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells have remained undifferentiated since their

embryonic life 17. Plasma cells produce specific proteins called antibodies 18. The role of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells is the ability to develop into other

connective tissue cells.19. Dense connective tissue is either white fibrous or yellow elastic20. Tendon cells between collagenous bundles characterized by their triangular or

rectangular shape21. Reticular cells have cytoplasmic processes and a large pale nucleus22. Mucoid connective tissue contains a large amount of jelly-like ground substance

which is rich in mucin

23. The body requires a rigidity to support its massive weight which is provided by cartilage and bone

24. Cartilage is unique among the various connective tissue types in that it is avascular so perichondreum supplies it nutrients and oxygen

25. There are three types of cartilage, hyaline, white fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage

26. White fibrocartilage lacks perichondoreum to avoid crushing of blood capillaries during movement of joints

27. Pinna of ear, end of nose and Eustachian tube contains elastic cartilage to can bent and easy return to its former shape

28. Cartilage keeps the passages of respiratory system permanently open for continuous respiration

29. Matrix of bone is consists of mucopolysaccharides, organic substances called ossen and inorganic minerals chiefly different calcium salts

30. Osteoblasts secret an organic substance called ossen particularly in bone matrix31. Cytoplasm of osteoblast is basophilic due to abundant rER32. Periosteum is outer bone surface while perichondreum is the outer cartilage

surface33. Endosteum is the inner surface of bone 34. Osteocytes are arranged in lamellae of hard ossified matrix between periosteum

and endosteum35. Bone connects each parts together by fine cytoplasmic processes of all osteocytes

through the canaliculi of lacuna36. Connective tissue has important metabolic roles such as fat storage in its type

white adipose tissue37. The regulation of body temperature in new born is regulated by brown adipose

tissue38. Each Haversian canal has a narrow lumen containing delicate loose connective

tissue in which lie a small artery, vein and nerve39. Blood is derivative of connective tissue and is considered as a special modified

connective tissue40. Unlike cartilage, bone is vascularized tissue41. Sharpey's fibers serve to fix periosteum to its bone42. Yellow marrow is an inactive soft fatty tissue found in marrow cavity of long

bones43. Red marrow is an active soft fatty tissue found in spongy bone44. Cellular components of blood are erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets45. Life span of RBCs is short for it lacks nucleus and organoids46. Microphages are neutrophils while macrophages are connective tissue cells but

both have phagocytic function47. Basophils have antagonists as they secret serotonin which is vasodialator and

histamine which is vasoconstrictor48. The two main differences that distinguished agranular WBCs from granular ones

are that they don not contain granules in their cytoplasm and their nuclei are not lobulated

49. The greater part of platelets is more or less clear and is called hyalomere while the central part is called chromatomre

50. Platelets in mammals are not true cells51. Tissue fluid transports dissolved nutrients and oxygen from blood to tissue and

collect wastes from tissue to blood52. Biconcave disc shape of RBCs provides a greater surface area than a sphere

relative to cell volume to enhance gaseous exchange53. Energy required for activity of EBCs is derived from anaerobic metabolism of

glucose54. Neutrophils are the most common WBCs having function in acute inflammation55. Several histochemical methods can be used to highlight neutrophils in tissue

section, among them is chloroacetate esterase56. Basophilic cytoplasm granules contain proteoglycans that are a variable mixture

of heparin and chondriotin sulfateKey words: Histology, Connective tissue MCQs