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• The Third Reich Collapses– Battle of the Bulge (Dec 1944)• Hitler’s last offensive• Cut-off Allied supplies coming through Belgium• U.S. forces defeat German forces • Germany has little resources left to continue war

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• The War Ends in Europe– Russian forces drive Germans out of Russia• Eventually 35 miles from Berlin

– Russia attacks Germany from east, Americans from west

– Russian troops enter Berlin– Hitler commits suicide– “V-E Day” (Victory in Europe)

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• April, 1945, President Roosevelt dies in office• 33rd President: Harry S. Truman– Roosevelt’s vice-president

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• Japan is Defeated – Battle of Iwo Jima (Feb 1945)– 60,000 U.S. Marines• 6,800 killed

– New technique: napalm• Jellied gasoline in bombs• Start fires on explosion

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• Invasion of Okinawa– U.S. wanted the island as a base for the invasion of

Japan– 12,000 Americans die– U.S. takes island June 22, 1945

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• The Manhattan Project– Secret project to create an atom bomb– Los Alamos, New Mexico– Detonated world’s first atomic bomb in desert in

New Mexico

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• U.S. Uses Atom Bombs– Nagasaki and Hiroshima– Japanese leaders disregarded Truman’s warnings– August 6, 1945• B-29 bomber Enola Gay bombs Hiroshima• 63% of city destroyed• Approximately 100,000 dead

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• Nagasaki– Approximately 50,000 killed– “V-J Day”• Victory in Japan

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• Post-War– Creation of the United Nations– Stop world from going to war again– Five Permanent Members:• Britain, France, China, Soviet Union, U.S.

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• Putting the Enemy on Trial– U.S., Britain, France, and Soviet Union create

International Military Tribunal (IMT)– Nuremberg Trials– Former leaders of Nazi Germany