14712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 9

individual's wages and self-employment in- fault to find with the committees. They: come. If in the case of the individual or are working extremely well. I point outi widow such military service or service under that, so far as the Senate 'is concerned, the Peace Corps Act or the National Service it cannot consider proposed legislation. corps Act is not excluded under the preced- from the Committee on Finance, which,· ing sentence, but upon attaining age sixty-two, he or she becomes entitled (or would includes measures relating to taxes and upon proper application be entitled) to such other subjects, such as social security, benefits, the Commission shall redetermine unemployment insurance, and the like, the aggregate period of service upon which - in this body or in the Senate Finance such annuity ls based, effective as of the committee, until and unless the pro-· :first day of the month in which he or she posed legislation is first reported from attains such age, so as to exclude such serv- . . ice. The secretary of Health, Education, the Committee on Ways ~~d Means of and Welfare shall upon the request of the the House and passed by the House. Commission, infor~ the Commission whether The calendar is pretty clear. I am sure or not any such individual or widow or child that the distinguished minority leader, is entitled at any specified time to such the Senator fron;i Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], benefits. joins me in the expression that the

DEFINITIONS chairman and the members of the com-SEc. 11. (a) The term "United States" as mittees of the Senate are entitled to our

used in this Act includes the Commonwealth gratitude for the fine work they are do­of PUerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and all other places, con ti- ing and, insofar as they possibly can, for nental or insular, including the Trust Terri- keeping up with the schedule which con­tory of the Pacific Islands, subject to the fronts them. We can do nothing on the Jurisdiction of the United States. question of taxation in this body at pres-

(b) The term "corpsman" includes, except ent. The proposed civil rights legisla­tor the purposes of section 4(f) (3), appli- tion and the proposed legislation related cants for enrollment during any training to the railroads has only recently been period. referred to the committees of the Senate.

SEC. 12. If a:;N::::~:N ~f this Act or Since those questions have been brought the application of any provision to any cir- to the attention of committees, the com­cumstances or persons shall be held invalid, mittees have been working most assidu­the validity of the remainder of this Act and ously on them. the applicability of such provision to other Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. President, will circumstances or persons shall not be af- the majority leader yield? :fected thereby. Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield.

LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. President. while

many Senators are in the Chamber, I should like to ask the distinguished ma­jority leader about the program for Monday.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in response to the question of the dis­tinguished minority leader, the pending business is the bill, S. 1321. No action will be taken on the bill tonight. It will be the pending business at the conclu­sion of the morning hour on Monday.

It is the intention to follow considera­tion of that bill with Calendar No. 367, the bill S. 1703, to amend title V of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended, and for other purposes. It is the so­called Mexican Labor Act.

There are only eight items on the cal­endar. Those are the only two items out of the eight which are available for con­sideration at the present time. I have no

Mr. DIRKSEN. I congratulate the majority leader on constantly stream­lining the Senate Calendar. He has kept abreast of all the committee work. Everyone knows that the major impor­tant bills pending are highly controver­sial. What we observe in relation to the fact that the calendar has been kept so up to date by the distinguished major­ity leader is a record in the Senate. I compliment him. In addition, I congra­tulate him.

Mr. MANS~LD. I thank my friend.

TRIBUTE TO SENATORS Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I

take this occasion to commend and to extend congratulations to the senior Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ANDER­SON], the chairman of the committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, and also the ranking minority member, the Senator from Maine [Mrs. SMITH], for the fine bill which was reported from the committee, for their knowledge and un-

derstanding of the problems involved in this most difficult field, and for the gen­eralship which they both showed. I com­pliment also the other members of the committee, including the Senator from Missouri [Mr. SYMINGTON], the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALL]' the Senator from Florida [Mr. HOLLAND], who is so -interested in this particular field, and all others.

I realize that the Senator from New Mexico has been working under a handi­cap during the past several days. I commend both him and the Senator from Maine [Mrs. SMITH] for their devotion to duty and the contributions they have made in the passage of this most difficult bill.

I also wish to congratulate the Senator from Alabama [Mr. HILL] and the rank­ing minority member of the committee, the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. COTTON], for their fine generalship and parliamentary skill in carrying through to a successful conclusion another con­troversial measure, namely, the bill re­lating to appropriations for the Depart­ment of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare. They did a magnificent job.

On behalf of myself and the minority leader, the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], I believe I can say that we are all proud of the way they have handled these two most difficult bills.

Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. President, I con­cur in the sentiments uttered by my dis­tinguished friend the Senator from Montana, and I direct a special salute to the gentlewoman from Maine [Mrs. SMITH], who has done a magnificent job in the field of aeronautical and space sciences.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will the Senator yield?

Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. Mr. MANSFIELD. I suggest that

while she is a gentlewoman, she is also a fine Senator.

ADJOURNMENT Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, if

there is no further business to come be.­fore the Senate at this time, I move that the Senate adjourn until 12 o'clock noon on Monday.

The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 o'clock and 17 minutes p.m.) the Sen­ate adjourned until Monday, August 12, 1963, at 12 o'clock meridian.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Detergent Control

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. THOMAS J. McINTYRE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

IN THE SENATE OF ,THE UNITED STATES

Friday, August 9, 1963

Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, by a clerical error a statement I submitted in support of S. 1183, the detergent control bill, was omitted from the Public Works

Committee hearing record on water pol'­lution control measures. I ask unani­mous consent that it may be printed in the RECORD at this point, along with a letter I received from Mr. Philip Brown­stein, Commissioner of the Federal Housing Administration.

There being no objection, the state­ment and letter were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: STATEMENT OF HON. THOMAS J. McINTYRE,

U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE Mr. Chairman, I am very grateful to you

and the members of the subcommittee for

the consideration being given to the deter­gent control bill introduced by Senator NEU­BERGER, Senator NELSON, Senator LoNG of Missouri, Senator DOUGLAS, Senator MAGNU­SON, and myself. As attention has focused upon detergent contamination, it has rap­idly come to seem a more serious problem than had hitherto been supposed.

EXISTING CONCENTRATIONS IMPAm SEWAGE TREATMENT

I joined in introducing S. 1183 with the thought that Congress should have an op­portunity to consider the regulation of deter­gent wastes. My own study of this matter . has led me to believe that the national aver-

1963 CONGR"ESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 14713 age concentration o! detergents ln our streams is at a sufficient level to interfere with the operation o! sewage treatment plants, increasing the cost of sediment ex­traction. Congress should, in my opinion, be concerned about the widespread presence of any contaminant in the Nation's streams, especially if it is so persistent as the surface active agents of modern - detergents which can last for years in water without being "1-oken apart by bacterial action. It may be contended that this long-term low concen­tration contamination ls not a serious eco­nomic problem. However we may feel about this question, I believe the low-level nation­wide presence of detergents in streams de­serves more attention and investigation than it has received. THE MULTIPLICATION OF DETERGENT RESIDUES

What ls alarming, Mr. Chairman, ls the fact that persistent detergent residues can .be brought together and the low-level con­centration multiplied each time the water in our interstate streams is used and reused. In the Ohio River, which is used and reused some four times by the communities along its banks by the time it reaches the Missis­sippi, the average concentration of residues is now at a level of two-tenths of a part per mllllon. It is because our Nation uses water so heavily that detergent residues become concentrated in streams and along the shore. I would call these acute concentrations. The list of their effects is a weird assortment of woes:

In California detergent suds below a dam blow across freeways, constituting a traffic hazard.

In Cleveland's sewage-treatment plant jets of water have been installed at a cost of $250,000 to beat back foam that impedes the plant's very operation.

Damage to shellfish along the Atlantic coast.

Refusal of water by livestock and damage to irrigated crops.

Appearance of suds in tapwater. In large apartment houses this residue combined With ordinary use of detergents can block drains with suds, creating serious public health problems.

Impedes oxygen exchange with the at­mosphere in streams, causing further growth of harmful algae and preventing stream re'­newal with oxygen to dispel the harmful oxygen-demanding effects of sewage.

THE SEPTIC TANK PROBLEM IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS

I am particularly concerned, Mr. Chair­man, With the form this problem has taken in New England. The growth of our resi­dential areas is taking place on the periphery of the cities, often beyond the reach of established sewer systems. Our builders and developers have come to rely on septic tanks to provide essential sanitation. And here the increase in detergent contamination can be especially harmful. Mr. Matt Krenn, a surveyor in Epsom, N .H., wrote as follows:

"Having battled the detergent-in-water fight With my own home • • • (as a re­sult, I had to put in a separate pair of septic tanks, one for sanitary wastes and one for kitchen wastes, and it's a bloody nuisance)­and being concerned about our Nation's wa­ter supply-(as you have probably pointed out, a given volume of water passing down a major river will probably form part of the water supply-and sewage system of all the cities on the route), I see the cumulative effect of detergents as nothing less than frightening, even though we know little about their toxicity in the human system."

IMPAmED MORTGAGEABILITY OF PROPERTY I requested Mr. Phlllp Brownstein, Com­

missioner of the Federal Housing Adminis­tration, to find out the effect of detergent contamination in ground water on the mort­gageability of FHA-insured properties. I

CIX--926

should like to ask that his entire reply be made part of the hearing record. It does .not represent an agency endorsement of the bill, but is limited to a description of the problem. Mr. Brownstein points out that detergent pollution ifl the water supplies o! localities in New England, New York, and Minnesota "has made these properties ineli­gible for FHA .mortgage insurance and we understand in most instances for Veterans' Administration guaranteed loans as well. The finding of detergent pollution of water supplies has generally retarded new con­struction programs and in some instances has brought the building program to a halt. This is turn has depreciated the price of land." The contribution of detergent con­tamination has been to lower the values of existing property and make new develop­men ts much more expensive. This result of ground water contamination deserves our most considered attention.

THE NEED FOR LEGISLATION It is because each cycle of water reuse adds

a new increment of detergent residue to our interstate streams that the problem of de­tergent contamination merits the attention of Congress. As was pointed out in an excel­lent article in the Chemical & Engineering News for March 18, 1963, this contamination is unnecessary. Detergents now in use con­tain a refractory kernel in the chemical com­position of their molecules which resists de­composition in ground water, but new sub­stances being developed incorporate straight­line molecules which will decompose readily. If Congress provides that these new sub­stances must be used in detergents, the prob­lem of increasing contamination will be at an end. That is why, Mr. Chairman, in pre­paring this legislation, we did not contem­plate a national tolerance level for deter­gents, but aimed at the elimination of a spe­cific class of ingredients and their replace­ment With materials that would decompose. The bill as written would not regulate deter­gents as such, but the surface-active agents which they contain, because it is these con­stituent products that determine whether a detergent which contains them would be able to meet decomposability standards.

It has been very gratifying to learn that some oil and chemical companies have de­veloped cleaning agents for inclusion in de­tergents which would then decompose read­ily. I would hope that out of a sense of public responsibility, all detergent makers would include these new products in their detergents. If the industry could decide on this course of action without the spur of Federal law, the problem of detergent con­tamination would be at an end.

I would like to observe, Mr. Chairman, that the change to new ingredients is not going to increase market preference for the public­minded manufacturer. The housewife is un­aware of the problems that can arise 2 or 3 years in the future from the detergent she pours out With the dishwater. I fear that not all detergent manufacturers would include the newly developed surface-active chemicals in their products. In that event, the passage of the detergent control bill would prevent the loss of a share of the detergent market by those companies which include the new ingredient for- the sake of its public benefits. The decomposable chemicals would soon be in universal use by all manufacturers of detergents and detergent contamination would no longer be a threat to the Nation's streams and the public health.

AVOID CONFLICTING STATE LEGISLATION

Detergent contamination multiplying in navigable streams and flowlng in under­ground waters does not respect State lines. Consequently the problem should be con­trolled at the Federal level. Otherwise manufacturers may be faced with a bewilder­ing pattern of inconsistent State legislation.

The success of the West German Government in controlling .detergent contamination should point the ~.Y toward action Within our own Federal system, to insure uniformity of .standards and timing. NATIONWIDE INTEREST IN DETERGENT CONTROL

I was interested to learn that the National Shellfish Association, concerned With pre­serving our valuable resources of oysters, clams, and other marine organisms, con­sidered the detergent contamination problem at its recent meeting in Washington, D.C. The Massachusetts Division of Marine Fish­eries and Department of Health are scruti­nizing the problem. The National League of Women Voters Current Review of Continuing Responsibilities for May 1963, devotes several pages to persistent detergent residues and proposals for their control. I also ask unani­mous consent that a resolution of the Mis­siles and Electronics Lodge, I.A. of M. Local 2230, Santa Cruz, Oalif., be reprinted in the record at the conclusion of this statement. I am confident that Congress will respond to this need by regulatlng detergent residues to the extent compatible with economic reason­ableness and technical feasibUity. That is the intention of S. 1183, now pending before the Public Works Committee.

FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION, Waahington, D.C., May 13, 1963.

Hon. TOM MCINTYRE, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR MCINTYRE: This is in further reference to your April 12 letter requesting a summary of the Federal Housing Admin­istration's experience with ground water sup­plies polluted by detergents and the effect this has had on land values. Some of our insuring offices located in New England, New York, and Minnesota, with firsthand knowl­edge of the local reaction to detergent pollu­tion of water supplies and the effect this has had on marketing of residential properties, were contacted so we could give you the latest information.

The finding of evidence of detergent pollu­tion in the individual water supplies of a specl:flc locality has adversely affected the marketability of properties in various ways. First it has made these properties ineligible for FHA mortgage insurance and we under­stand in most instances for Veterans' Admin­istration guaranteed loans as well. In addi­tion where the pollution reports have been given wide publicity, the buyers have been hesitant to purchase even if mortgage funds from conventional sources are available. Furthermore, the stigma of polluted wells ls attached to the neighborhood even if only part of the properties are involved.

Even though the detergents are not known to be a health hazard, their presence does indicate that sewage pollution is entering the water supply. When it becomes common knowledge that such pollution is occurring Within a given area, the housing market is seriously impaired. If the finding of pollu­tion has not been publicized and the water supply serving the particular property has not been examined, there is no apparent mar­ket resistance and the properties continue to be marketable.

The finding of detergent pollution of wa­ter supplies has generally retarded new con­struction programs and in some instances has brought the building program to a halt. This in turn has depreciated the price of land and existing residential property in the neighborhood. An exception is large devel­opments which are supplied central water service and in some instances have sewers. The cost of these central facilities increases the cost of building, however, the added value of central utilities is reflected in the price of land. Frequently local governmental bOdies have stepped up their programs of ex­tending water and sewer service and in a few

14714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 12 localities public systems have been installed. The knowledge that shallow ground water supplies were being polluted has undoubted­ly been a factor in election authorization for a bond issue to provide the funds to make these programs possible.

Prior to the discovery of the detergent pol­lution of water supplies, land which could be served by central water and sewer utilities generally was not a major factor in determin­ing the desirability of building sites and therefore had only a limited effect on land value. Building sites that have or can get central water are generally the only ones

SENATE MONDAY, AUGUST 12, 1963

The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, and was called to order by the President pro tempore.

The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D.D., offered the following prayer:

o Thou God of the living, and of the living dead. From all the maddening maze of things that press, we pause for a hushed moment at this altar of Thy grace, vividly conscious of how swiftly and often how suddenly ebbs out life's little day.

Thou knowest the sadness that grips our spirits as we come this shadowed day, mourning the passing from this mortal stage of a public servant whose stalwart form but brief hours ago stood in his accustomed place in this free forum he loved, and lifted up his voice for measures his conscience told him were in the best interests of the Repub­lic. Now that voice is stilled, as once again, in the broken fellowship of this storied body, our startled hearts are say­ing-

We hear it each and all-A song of those who answer not However we may call. We see them as of yore, Who walk with us no more.

We thank Thee for the valiant stew­ardship rendered with fidelity to the Na­tion by Thy servant. ESTES KEFAUVER, as he played his part with ability and dedi­cation in epic times.

We bear witness that he was never tonguetied by the selfish, yet gilded, lies which threaten to eat out the national fiber and caliber. What he has written, he has written as he sought to expose devious evils by letting in the light of day.

Outside these hallowed walls, where so long he served, we glimpse a legion of friends his genial nature bound to him in a loyalty strong as steel.

Grant, we pray, the consolations of Thy grace to the dear companion of the strenuous, yet challenging years, and to each member of the stricken family who sits this hour in a bowed circle of grief.

So teach us to number our remaining days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom, and at last, like him whose po­tent voice will be heard no more, may we

readily marketable in neighborhoods with detergent problems. Consequently the price of these sites has appreciated and this in turn has tended to promote the construction of more expensive improvements. These two factors have combined to raise the market price of new housing.

Neighborhoods that have developed with individual water supplies where pollution bas been detected have usually undergone a decline in marketability, however as soon as central water service becomes available, the market rebounds with an increase in value which is reflected in the pricing of the prop­erties.

finish our course in faith, having fought the good fight.

We ask it in the name of the Master he acknowledged as Lord of all. Amen.

THE JOURNAL On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by

unanimous consent, the ,reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Friday, August 9, 1963, was dispensed with.

COMMITTEE MEETING DURING SENATE SESSION TOMORROW

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Foreign Relations Committee be permitted to meet during the session of. the Senate tomorrow.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­out objection, it is so ordered.

DEATH OF SENATOR ESTES KEFAUVER

Mr. GORE. Mr. President, today it is my sad duty-which I perform with a heavy heart, a sense of personal loss, and a sense of great loss to my country-to announce that on August 10, my senior colleague and my personal friend, ESTES KEFAUVER, passed this life.

I understand that the distinguished majority leader will seek unanimous con­sent to establish a day when r and other Senators may pay eulogy to his life, his rooord, and his memory-at which time I am sure his family will be present.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will the Senator from Tennessee yield?

Mr. GORE. I yield. Mr. MANSFIELD. I wish to announce,

in conjunction with the distinguished minority leader, the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], that a day in the future will be set aside for eulogies of our late departed colleague, the Senator from Tennessee, Mr. KEFAUVER.

I should like to join the distinguished Senator from Tennessee [Mr. GoREJ in saying that I, too, am deeply moved at the loss in the passing of our friend, ESTES KEFAUVER.

He was a man of great intellect and great ability. He was a practicing ideal­ist in the finest sense of the term.

Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, will the Senator from Montana yield?

Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield. Mr. DIRKSEN. The passing of "the

man in the coonskin cap" comes as a

Thus far our experience with detergent pol­lution of water supplies has been limited to those areas where relatively dense develop­ment with both individual water supply and sewerage systems has occurred.

I am glad to have had this opportunity to relate FHA's experiences with detergent pollution of water supplies and its effect on building programs, sale of existing proper­ties, and residential land prices. Should you desire additional information, I will provide all the assistance possible.

Sincerely yours, PHILIP N. BROWNSTEIN,

Commissioner .

real shock. We served together in the House and in the Senate for more than 16 years, and I counted him one of my real friends. .

Probably no one in this body differed with him more sharply than did the mi­nority leader; but there was a fixed and lasting quality about his pursuit of jus­tice and truth and the well-being of the Republic.

I am shocked, indeed, by his passing. He has made a great contribution to the well-being of the Republic.

I may add, Mr. President, that the coonskin cap was not a mere political ornament; it was a symbol of the fron­tiersman, the pioneer, and the crusader that ESTES KEFAUVER really was.

Mr. GORE. Mr. President, I submit a resolution, which I send to the desk; and I request its immediate consideration.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution will be read.

The resolution <S. Res. 180) was read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows:

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow and deep regret the an­nouncement of the death of Hon. ESTES KEFAUVER, late a Senator from the State of

. Tennessee. Resolved, That a committee of Senators be

appointed by the President of the Senate to attend the funeral of the deceased.

Resolved, That the Secretary communi­cate these resolutions to the House of Rep­resentatives and transmit an engrossed copy thereof to the family of the deceased.

Resolved, That, as a further mark of re­spect to the memory of the deceased, the Senate do now adjourn.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore, under the second resolving clause, appointed the following Senators to constitute, to­gether with the Vice President, the com­mittee on the part of the Senate to at­tend the funeral of the deceased Senator:

Mr. GoRE, Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. DIRK­SEN, Mr. JOHNSTON, Mr. HOLLAND, Mr. LONG of Louisiana, Mr. ANDERSON, Mr. DOUGLAS, Mr. MONRONEY, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. HRUSKA, Mr. COOPER, Mr. CHURCH, Mr. MORTON, Mr. YARBOROUGH, Mr. GRUE­NING, Mr. HART, Mr. McGEE, Mrs. NEU­BERGER, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. McINTYRE, Mr. BREWSTER, and Mr. INOUYE.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Un­der the fourth resolving clause of the resolution, the Senate now stands ad­journed until 12 o'clock noon, tomor­row.

Thereupon (at 12 o'clock and 7 min­utes p.m.) the Senate adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, August 13, 1963, at 12 o'clock meridian.