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19 Microbiology and Biotechnology Mr C JCS 1 January 08, 2014 19 Microbiology and Biotechnology Microorganisms are tiny and measured in nanometres. Some examples of these are fungi, bacteria and viruses. It's important to note that Viruses are not living things. They are not made of cells and cannot reproduce on their own. So they are all parasites.

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Page 1: 19 - Microbiology and Biotechnology - Mr. C - JCS - Microbiology and...19 Microbiology and Biotechnology Mr C JCS 2 January 08, 2014 Fungi These are the largest type of microorganism

19 ­ Microbiology and Biotechnology

Mr C ­ JCS 1

January 08, 2014

19 ­ Microbiology and BiotechnologyMicro­organisms are tiny and measured in nanometres.Some examples of these are fungi, bacteria and viruses.

It's important to note that Viruses are not living things.They are not made of cells and cannot reproduce on their own.

So they are all parasites.

Page 2: 19 - Microbiology and Biotechnology - Mr. C - JCS - Microbiology and...19 Microbiology and Biotechnology Mr C JCS 2 January 08, 2014 Fungi These are the largest type of microorganism

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January 08, 2014

FungiThese are the largest type of microorganism.Examples are bread mold, yeast  and mushrooms.

They cannot make their own food and live off other things.Some live off a live host while others live off dead things (saphrophytes).

Benefits ­ decompose dead organisms and recycle nutrients.Yeast makes alcohol and breads. We also eat mushrooms.Antibiotics are made from the fungus penicillin.Harmful fungi ­ Some fungi cause disease.e.g. Ringworm and Athlete's foot.They also cause food to rot, which costs money.

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BacteriaBacteria are very small and can only be seen by microscope.

Benefits ­ decompose dead organisms and recycle nutrients.    They make antibiotics and also make yoghurts.

Harmful ­ Some bacteria cause disease,     e.g. tetanus and food poisoning.

Page 4: 19 - Microbiology and Biotechnology - Mr. C - JCS - Microbiology and...19 Microbiology and Biotechnology Mr C JCS 2 January 08, 2014 Fungi These are the largest type of microorganism

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January 08, 2014

Viruses

Viruses ­ These are much smaller than bacteria and can only be seen with an electron microscope.

Benefits ­ These can be used to make vaccines.

Harmful ­ Some virsuses cause disease,     e.g. flu, chickenpox

Page 5: 19 - Microbiology and Biotechnology - Mr. C - JCS - Microbiology and...19 Microbiology and Biotechnology Mr C JCS 2 January 08, 2014 Fungi These are the largest type of microorganism

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January 08, 2014

BiotechnologyBiotechnology is the use of living things to 

make something useful.

Biotechnology in IndustryYeast is used in bread and alcohol making.Enzymes are used in washing powders.They also make antibiotics and vaccines.