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19 19 th th century European century European nationalism & political nationalism & political reforms reforms Entrance task Entrance task : : Think Think – In what way – In what way is is nationalism nationalism like a lightbulb? like a lightbulb? Today Today : Reforms in Britain, the : Reforms in Britain, the Dreyfus Affair in France Dreyfus Affair in France Homework Homework – Per. 3 – Essay due – Per. 3 – Essay due Friday Friday All – read Ch. 17 in packet All – read Ch. 17 in packet

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Page 1: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

1919thth century European century European nationalism & political reformsnationalism & political reforms

Entrance taskEntrance task: : ThinkThink – In what way is – In what way is nationalismnationalism like a lightbulb? like a lightbulb?

TodayToday: Reforms in Britain, the Dreyfus : Reforms in Britain, the Dreyfus Affair in FranceAffair in France

HomeworkHomework – Per. 3 – Essay due Friday – Per. 3 – Essay due Friday

All – read Ch. 17 in packetAll – read Ch. 17 in packet

Page 2: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Reform in Great BritainReform in Great Britain

• 1832 Reform Bill1832 Reform Bill – extended suffrage to – extended suffrage to middle class (1/8 of male population)middle class (1/8 of male population)

• 1867 Reform Bill1867 Reform Bill – 1/3 could not vote, – 1/3 could not vote, including most city workersincluding most city workers

• 1884 Reform Bill1884 Reform Bill – suffrage extended to rural – suffrage extended to rural areas (3/4 of all men)areas (3/4 of all men)

• 1911 Parliament Act1911 Parliament Act – deprived House of – deprived House of Lords of veto powerLords of veto power

• 1918 Reform Bill1918 Reform Bill – universal male suffrage – universal male suffrage and women over 30and women over 30

Page 3: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Political PartiesPolitical Parties

Conservatives – Conservatives – interested in labor, interested in labor, housing, and housing, and extending suffrage, extending suffrage, but criticized liberals but criticized liberals for moving too far for moving too far and too fastand too fast

Benjamin Disraeli

Page 4: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Political PartiesPolitical Parties

Liberals - leaned toward industrial and Liberals - leaned toward industrial and commercial interests commercial interests

David Lloyd George William Gladstone

Page 5: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Irish QuestionThe Irish Question

Liberal leader David Lloyd George Liberal leader David Lloyd George supported home rule for Ireland but supported home rule for Ireland but could not gather enough support for could not gather enough support for it to succeed.it to succeed.

1914 – Approved but not implemented 1914 – Approved but not implemented due to the outbreak of the Great Wardue to the outbreak of the Great War

Page 6: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Irish QuestionThe Irish Question

Protestants in North Protestants in North Ireland opposed Ireland opposed self-rule, fearing self-rule, fearing Catholic domination Catholic domination from the rest of the from the rest of the countrycountry

Page 7: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The 2The 2ndnd Republic and Republic and Louis NapoleonLouis Napoleon

Louis Napoleon elected Louis Napoleon elected president in 1848 and president in 1848 and stages a successful stages a successful

coup d’etat in 1851 to coup d’etat in 1851 to become Emperor become Emperor Napoleon IIINapoleon III

Page 8: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Napoleon III & the 2Napoleon III & the 2ndnd Empire Empire

Economic successes include Economic successes include investment banking, investment banking, railroad expansion, public railroad expansion, public works and the rebuilding of works and the rebuilding of ParisParis

Political freedom was more Political freedom was more forthcoming after 1860 forthcoming after 1860 when he allowed his when he allowed his Assembly more controlAssembly more control

Page 9: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Franco-Prussian WarFranco-Prussian War1870-18711870-1871

Napoleon III was edged into Napoleon III was edged into war by his apparent insult war by his apparent insult from the Em’s telegraphfrom the Em’s telegraph

France was soundly France was soundly defeated by Prussiadefeated by Prussia

Page 10: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Third RepublicThe Third Republic

The Paris Commune – The Paris Commune – revolutionaries in Paris revolutionaries in Paris refused to admit defeat and refused to admit defeat and refused to surrenderrefused to surrender

The National Assembly was The National Assembly was sent in and crushed the sent in and crushed the CommuneCommune

The Third Republic was The Third Republic was establishedestablished

Page 11: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Third RepublicThe Third Republic

Achievements:Achievements:– Legalized trade unionsLegalized trade unions– Created schoolsCreated schools– Built a colonial empireBuilt a colonial empire

Leon Gambetta

Jules Ferry

Page 12: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Dreyfus Affair 1898-1899The Dreyfus Affair 1898-1899

Jewish Captain Alfred Jewish Captain Alfred Dreyfus falsely accused on Dreyfus falsely accused on treasontreason

Anti-Semitism in France Anti-Semitism in France – Led to separation between Led to separation between

church (Catholic) and statechurch (Catholic) and state

Page 13: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the
Page 14: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Crimean War [1854-1856]

The Crimean War [1854-1856]

Page 15: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Count Cavour

[The “Brains”]

Giuseppi Garibaldi

[The “Sword”]

King Victor Emmanuel

II

Giuseppi Mazzini

[The “Soul”]

Italian Nationalist LeadersItalian Nationalist Leaders

Page 16: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Pope Pius IXPope Pius IX

Page 17: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Sardinia-Piedmont:

The “Magnet”

Sardinia-Piedmont:

The “Magnet”

Page 18: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #1Step #1

Page 19: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #2Step #2

Page 20: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #3Step #3

Page 21: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Italian

Unification

Italian

Unification

Page 22: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

A Unified Peninsula!A Unified Peninsula!

A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.

Page 23: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Kingdom of Italy: 1871

The Kingdom of Italy: 1871

Page 24: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the
Page 25: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

ZollvereinZollverein

Page 26: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Prussia v. AustriaPrussia v. Austria

Page 27: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Kaiser Wilhelm IKaiser Wilhelm I

Page 28: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Chancellor Otto von BismarckChancellor Otto von Bismarck

“Blood&

Iron”

RealpolitikThe “IronChancello

r”

Page 29: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Otto von Bismarck . . . .

Otto von Bismarck . . . . The less people know about how

sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night.

Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied.

The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions—that was the mistake of 1848-1849—but by blood and iron.

Page 30: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Otto von Bismarck . . . .

Otto von Bismarck . . . .

I am bored. The great things are done. The German Reich is made.

A generation that has taken a beating is always followed by a generation that deals one.

Some damned foolish thing in the Balkans will provoke the next war.

Page 31: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Unification of

Germany

Unification of

Germany

Page 32: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #1:

The Danish

War[1864]

Step #1:

The Danish

War[1864]The Peace of

ViennaThe Peace of

Vienna

Page 33: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #2: Austro-

Prussian War

[Seven Weeks’ War],

1866

Step #2: Austro-

Prussian War

[Seven Weeks’ War],

1866

Page 34: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #3: Creation of the Northern German

Confederation, 1867

Step #3: Creation of the Northern German

Confederation, 1867 Shortly following

the victory of Prussia, Bismarck eliminated the Austrian led German Confederation.

He then established a new North German Confederation which Prussia could control Peace of Prague

http://www.boondocksnet.com/cartoons/
Page 35: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Ems Dispatch [1870]: A Catalyst for War

Ems Dispatch [1870]: A Catalyst for War

1868 revolt in Spain.

Spanish leaders wantedPrince Leopold von Hohenz.[a cousin to the Kaiser & aCatholic], as their new king.

France protested & his name was withdrawn.

The Fr. Ambassador asked the Kaiser at Ems to apologize to Nap. III for supporting Leopold.

Bismarck “doctored” the telegram from Wilhelm to the French Ambassador to make it seem as though the Kaiser had insulted Napoleon III.

Page 36: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #4: Franco-Prussian War

[1870-1871]

Step #4: Franco-Prussian War

[1870-1871]

German soldiers “abusing” the French.

Page 37: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Step #4: Franco-Prussian War[1870-1871]

Step #4: Franco-Prussian War[1870-1871]

Page 38: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Bismarck & Napoleon III

After Sedan

Bismarck & Napoleon III

After Sedan

Page 39: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Treaty of Frankfurt [1871]Treaty of Frankfurt [1871] The Second French Empire collapsed

and was replaced by the Third French Republic.

The Italians took Rome and made it their capital.

Russia put warships in the Black Sea [in defiance of the 1856 Treaty of Paris that ended the Crimean War]. -------------------

France paid a huge indemnity and was occupied by German troops until it was paid.

France ceded Alsace-Lorraine to Germany [a region rich in iron deposits with a flourishing textile industry].

Page 40: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I[r. 1871–1888]

Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I[r. 1871–1888]

Page 41: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Prussian Junkers Swear Their Allegiance to the

Kaiser

Prussian Junkers Swear Their Allegiance to the

Kaiser

Page 42: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

German Imperial

Flag

German Imperial

Flag

Page 43: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Bismarck Manipulatingthe Reichstag

Bismarck Manipulatingthe Reichstag

Page 44: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Bismarck’s Kulturkampf:Anti-Catholic Program

Bismarck’s Kulturkampf:Anti-Catholic Program

Take education and marriage out of the hands of the clergy civil marriages only recognized.

The Jesuits are expelled from Germany.

The education of Catholic priests would be under the supervision of the German government.

Page 45: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Bismarck’s Reapproachment

With the Catholic Church

Bismarck’s Reapproachment

With the Catholic Church

Bismarck & Pope Leo XIII

Page 46: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Kaiser Wilhelm II [r. 1888-1918]

Kaiser Wilhelm II [r. 1888-1918]

Page 47: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

“Dropping

thePilot”[1890]

“Dropping

thePilot”[1890]

Page 48: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II

Page 49: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the
Page 50: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Differing Nationalities in the

Austrian Empire

Differing Nationalities in the

Austrian Empire

Page 51: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Austrian Imperial Flag

Austrian Imperial Flag

Page 52: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Compromise of 1867:The Dual Monarchy Austria-

Hungary

The Compromise of 1867:The Dual Monarchy Austria-

Hungary

The Hungarian Flag

Page 53: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Russian ExpansionRussian Expansion

Page 54: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Russian Imperial FlagRussian Imperial Flag

Page 55: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Forced Migration of Russia’s Jews

Forced Migration of Russia’s Jews

Page 56: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Ottoman Empire -- Late 19c

“The Sicker Man of Europe”

The Ottoman Empire -- Late 19c

“The Sicker Man of Europe”

Page 57: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The1905

Russian Revolutio

n

The1905

Russian Revolutio

n

Page 58: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Nicholas II: The Last Nicholas II: The Last Romanov TsarRomanov Tsar

[r. 1894-1917][r. 1894-1917]

Page 59: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Tsar & His FamilyThe Tsar & His Family

Page 60: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Hemophilia & the Hemophilia & the TsarevichTsarevich

Page 61: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Nicholas II & His Uncle, Nicholas II & His Uncle, George VGeorge V

Page 62: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

CausesCauses

Page 63: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

1. Early 1. Early 2020cc: :

Russian Russian Social Social

HierarchHierarchyy

Page 64: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

2. First Stages of 2. First Stages of IndustrializationIndustrialization

An Early Russian Factory

Page 65: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

3. Weak Economy3. Weak Economy

1905 Russian Rubles

Page 66: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

4. Extensive Foreign 4. Extensive Foreign Investments & Investments &

InfluenceInfluence

Building the Trans-Siberian RR[Economic benefits only in a few

regions.]

Page 67: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

5. Russo-Japanese War 5. Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905][1904-1905]

The “Yellow Peril”

Page 68: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905][1904-1905]

Page 69: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905][1904-1905]

Page 70: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Russian & Japanese Russian & Japanese SoldiersSoldiers

Page 71: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Russia Is HumiliatedRussia Is Humiliated

Page 72: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Treaty of Portsmouth Treaty of Portsmouth [NH] - 1905[NH] - 1905

President Theodore Roosevelt Acts as the Peacemake

r

[He gets the Nobel

Peace Prize for his

efforts.]

Page 73: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

6. Unrest Among the 6. Unrest Among the Peasants & Urban Peasants & Urban

Working PoorWorking PoorFather Georgi Gapon:

Leader of the Leader of the People OR People OR

Police Police Informer?Informer?

Page 74: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Bloody SundayBloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905January 22, 1905

The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

Page 75: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The The RevolutioRevolutio

n n SpreadsSpreads

Page 76: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Russian Cossacks Russian Cossacks Slaughter The People in Slaughter The People in

OdessaOdessa

Anti-Jewish Attacks

Page 77: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

7. The Battleship7. The Battleship PotemkinPotemkin Mutiny Mutiny [June, [June,

1905]1905]

Page 78: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Results

Results

Page 79: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

1. The Tsar’s 1. The Tsar’s October October ManifestoManifesto

October 30, 1905

Page 80: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

2. The Opening of the 2. The Opening of the DumaDuma::

Possible Reforms?Possible Reforms?

1906 The first two tries were too

radical.

The third duma was elected by the richest people in Russia in 1907.

Page 81: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

The Russian Constitution The Russian Constitution of 1906of 1906 Known as the Fundamental Laws

[April 23, 1906].

The autocracy of the Russian Tsar was declared.

The Tsar was supreme over the law, the church, and the Duma.

It confirmed the basic human rights granted by the October Manifesto, BUT made them subordinate to the supremacy of the law.

Page 82: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

3. Jewish Refugees 3. Jewish Refugees Come to America in Come to America in

19061906

Page 83: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

4. 4. The The Path Path

to to October, October,

19171917

Page 84: 19 th century European nationalism & political reforms Entrance task: Think – In what way is nationalism like a lightbulb? Today: Reforms in Britain, the

Why did the 1905 Why did the 1905 Revolution Fail?Revolution Fail?


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