5 cents

April 19th, 1919, a date

that may bring back memories

for some. One of the first ter-

rorist threats upon the United

States sending the country into

what is now known as “The

Red Scare” brought the nation

to a new level of global aware-

ness. The scare led to a revolu-

tion that caused radicals across

the country that led to the be-

lief that a Bolshevik Revolu-

tion was imminent in the

United States. An explosion

occurred at the Attorney Gen-

eral‟s (Andrew Palmer) house

in Washington DC. The Italian

-American bomber died in the

event and was traced back to

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A year before this inci-

dent, 1918, former president

Wilson had intended to pass

the anti-immigrant and anti-

anarchist Sedition Act that

was intended to protect morale

during wartime. This Act

would have been aimed at

many unwanted immigrants

and deported them back, but

the negatives to it were that it

made hardly any effort to-

wards depicting true threats

from ideological activists.

Palmer made sort of a

prophecy that on May 1, 1920

there would be a large revolu-

tion that aimed at government

deposition. When this failed to

happen, more people began to

question the credibility of

palmer, who was also said to

have conducted the Palmer

Raids illegally. These raids

were said to have broken the

fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth

amendment‟s in the Constitu-

tion. Many immigrants were

deported and were forced to

stay at Ellis Island to await

deportation trials. On Decem-

ber 21st, 1920 the ship Buford

(nicknamed “The Soviet Ark”)

sailed from Ellis Island to the

Soviet Union with nearly

250 deportees that had

been collected throughout

the Palmer Raids and

were to be a “Christmas

present” from America to

Lenin and Trotsky.

Wall Street was

bombed by an unknown

activist on September 1,

1920 killing 38 and injur-

ing 141 people. It was

believed that the scheme

was conducted by Italian

anarchists. This was the

worst incident in New

York City since the Shirt-

waist Factory Fire in

1911. Most of those who

died were couriers, clerks,

or brokers. They were

mostly young people who died

minutes within the incident.

The bomber had used a horse

drawn carriage that had one

hundred pounds of dynamite

and five hundred pounds of

sash weights that were used to

create shrapnel for maximum

damage. The bomb had caused

around two million dollars in

property damage and ruined a

majority of the interior of JP

Morgan‟s bank on Wall Street.

Labor unions also played a

large role throughout this time,

it was put upon that all who

took part in labor unions were

communist and therefore were

oppressed and discriminated

against in the United States.

They were negatively por-

trayed through media and

through propaganda (political

c a r t o o n s e t c … ) .

The culmination of all

these events brought together

the nationwide fear for any

Eastern European anarchist,

communist, socialist, or Bol-

shevik. Due to the sudden

change in views on these peo-

ple the Communist Party USA

lost many members and be-

came something that was

frowned upon by the typical

American Public.

One death causes a series of deaths

The Teapot Dome Scan-

dal: even our President War-

ren G. Harding had allowed

Leasing of Navy Petroleum to

privately owned oil compa-

nies. This will be the “greatest

and most sensational scandal

in the history of American

politics” when our own presi-

dent had betrayed us to make

for a few thousand dollars.

Also we will cover over the

unfair trial of McGrain v.

Daughtry.

This trial was unfair and Hard-

ing had allowed this to happen

when Secretary of Interior Al-

bert B. Fall leased the Navy

Petroleum. But thanks to our

Senator Thomas J. Walsh and

his sensational investigation;

Fall will be convicted of ac-

cepting bribes. Also since

Harding had allowed this;

Harding had single handedly

ruined his Political Career.

Fall leased the oil production

rights to at Teapot Dome to

Harry F. Sinclair of Mammoth

Oil. Fall also leased it to the

Elk Hill reserve to Edward L.

Doheny. This occurred in No-

vember of 1922 favoring the

oil companies very gracefully;

Fall would receive $100,000

which this was a no interest

loan. Fall continued to receive

gifts which ended up to being

$404,000. He would have got-

ten away with it if he didn‟t

forget to cover up the

$100,000 from Doheny.

This led to the scandal being

known throughout our govern-

ment. Then Several Members

of the Senate discovered this

through a fantastic and sensa-

tional Investigation Led by

Thomas J. Walsh. Walsh had

taken 2 years to put Fall in a

corner until he would crack.

For a while the committee had

found no true evidence. Fall

was later arrested being the

first cabinet member in history

to go to prison for reason in

office. Sinclair paid $100,000

fine and Doheny is still being

tried for playing a role in this

whole mess.

Another Scandal that had oc-

curred in our Great nation that

has happened over with the

Supreme Court when McGrain

had given a false

warrant for the

death penalty;

M.S. Daughtrey

was wrongfully

accused for play-

ing part of the

Teapot dome

Scandal. If attor-

ney general Harry

Daughtrey had

caught this then

M.S. Daughtrey

would not have

been killed.

The Most Sensational Scandals in the History of

American Politics

In the last decade the political

atmosphere in the US has been

dominated by sweeping alle-

gations of Communism, Anar-

chism and all manner of cor-

ruption. A fear of uprising

among the poor, European

immigrants has resulted in

unfavorable opinions of

labor unions and restric-

tions on immigration. Fur-

thermore, regular citizens

have in some cases been

discriminated against due

to ethnicity and political

views. The most glaring

example of unjust treat-

ment of immigrants in the

last decade is without a

doubt the Sacco and Van-

zet t i Murder Tr ia l.

The robbery and

murder of a factory paymas-

ter in Braintree, Massachu-

setts on April 15, 1920 started

out as a rather ordinary crime.

Witnesses were unsure and

some testimonies contradicted

others. Little physical evi-

dence linked anyone to the

robbery, but a recent, similar

robbery by a group of Italian

anarchists provided police

with a starting point for

searching for suspects. Ferdi-

nanando Sacco and Bartolom-

meo Vanzetti, two Italians

known to follow anarchist lit-

erature were quickly arrested.

Both had pistols on them at

the time of arrest, but Van-

zetti‟s gun was not even of the

same caliber and there was

little consensus among experts

about whether Sacco‟s gun

actually fired the fatal bullets

as well. Despite having little

more than a history of anar-

chist views and ethnicity the

police quickly began to organ-

ize the case against the men.

From the start police

neglected to mention the testi-

mony of witnesses which

could have cleared both men,

as well as possibly coercing

testimony from some wit-

nesses. As the case entered

trial it became clear the rights

of both men were being in-

fringed. The jury was biased

to begin with and the judge

himself even claimed that

even if the men hadn‟t com-

mitted this crime they were

certainly guilty of at least

some other crimes. Eventually

both men were found guilty of

the crime and sentenced to

death by electrocution. This

sentence brought the case new

international attention. Al-

ready there was tension on the

streets regarding the handling

of the case and the guilty ver-

dict resulted in riots, protests

and bombings around the

world. Years of appeals and

motions for new trials were

rejected and on August 23,

1927 both men were executed

by the electric chair.

While the true facts

of the case have not and may

never come out, without a

doubt the defendants were

denied their constitutional

rights. This case marks an

ethical low point in the last

decade. The world watched as

two possibly innocent men

were made scapegoats to

cover up the fact that the po-

lice department had no idea

who committed the crime. But

while the executions can‟t be

undone and miscarriages of

justice are sure to happen in

the future, this case serves as

an example of how easy it is

for discrimination and preju-

dice to pervert our legal sys-

tem. We can only hope that

this kind of mistake is not

made again.

Prejudice of a judge results in death penalty

The effects of prohibi-

tion on our decade have many

people stating their opinions

on the matter and whether or

not it is worth keeping up. Ei-

ther case, it is having an effect

upon American people and

will continue no matter

whether it is kept in place or

abolished. With this amend-

ment continuing on now since

1919 there have been no

movements made to abolish it,

however the argument is still

strong in both directions.

The government brought

this amendment into place in

1919 and began widely en-

forcing it in 1920 a little over

a year from the actual ratifica-

tion of the amendment into

place. Their reasons were the

raising crime rates and caused

violence and poverty among

those who spend all their

house money on liquor. There

are health reasons behind it

too due to the increase in chil-

dren consuming liquor as well.

With time, the law

proved to be faulty in one of

the main reasons it was cre-

ated. It drove up the crime

rates due to organized crime

and the underground moon-

shine that had come into pro-

duction. It is arguable that the

government is spending more

money enforcing the Prohibi-

tion than is even worth putting

forth for it. America was built

upon freedom and some peo-

ple take freedom to have the

ability to do what they want

on their own property. It

brought Al Capone from the

streets to an underworld lord

providing 10,000 speakeasies

to the upper and middle

classes. It is a victimless crime

in which the user is harming

themselves rather than others.

But as the decade nears

an end, Prohibition is still

looming upon us, sort of the

joke of the underworld, and

the least of concerns for those

who can afford to obtain some

of the illegal liquor. It is true

that it has brought a boost in

some forms of crime, can‟t

that be said for most laws any-

ways? The more laws there are

the more there are to be bro-

ken. Many have gone about

their daily lives not swaying

one bit with the lack of foul

liquor, it is a drink that causes

the worst of people to come

out and to obscure the minds

of the people who consume it.

Women had the right idea that

it caused a large sum of

money to disappear on a drink,

and that it led to more violent

domestic problems. The gov-

ernment has the right to pro-

tect us and if something like

alcohol is seen as a threat to

our great nation then they can

go ahead and do what‟s best

f o r a l l o f u s .

Alternative solutions are

always out there, and are be-

coming more and more ac-

cepted among others. The pos-

sibility of taxing alcohol is an

interesting fix to Prohibition.

The government would benefit

from those who want to make

their own decisions on what

they do with their money.

With more money going to the

government the more will be

returned back to the popula-

tion and therefore creating

lower income taxes as well.

With repealing the 18th

amendment there is the oppor-

tunity for more companies to

open and in turn creating more

jobs which leads to an even

w e a l t h i e r c o u n t r y .

Our nation was built

upon a democracy in which

even the poorest man can have

his voice heard in the govern-

ment. Let sense be placed into

our government and national

leaders so that this Prohibition

could come to an end. It is a

personal choice and a personal

freedom, more laws can come

into place controlling the use

of alcohol and punishments

that suit the crime can be cre-

ated as well. But it is evident

that the banning of a drink that

has been around for centuries

has not been working.

Probation, crime, money, repeal, wealthier country

Answers in the next issue

Unions, in many rare cases

can be beneficial to people.

They can give them an in-

crease in wages, provide less

work hours and lower the

stress level of workers. So the

concept of them has its bene-

fits for the self-glorifying man.

However, for the overall econ-

omy, Labor Unions are very

bad and could leave the United

States in a downward spiral of

economic activity in all Cities

and States.

Labor Unions are a detriment

to effective economic society.

This is because when a factory

or a firm has an applied Union

the labor force will dramati-

cally slow or in some cases

stop altogether. So that‟s why

Labor Unions are unhealthy.

With all the lack of working

the economic state could grind

to a halt.

Even though Labor Unions are

bad for the economy, if a spe-

cific person is the self glori-

fied, hard working, family

man, laborers; then the bene-

fits of being a red are endless.

With a raised salary, less

hours, and insurance benefits.

Those things would make any

person happier and think they

are working extra hard. In

these cases then the labor un-

ions are obviously good for

the self glorified worker of

America. Also as long as these

Self glorified reds are in these

unions they can fight with

more strikes and having a like-

lihood of winning.

Nevertheless even though

workers get all the glory, the

rest of the consumers and par-

ticipators of the financial sys-

tem must suffer the conse-

quences. Since the workers of

a Labor Union get to have

raised wages which causes the

price of the goods and services

would uplift drastically caus-

ing less consumers and even

potential bankruptcy.

With all of this raise of wages

and the likelihood of strikes

arousing, this is causing major

conflict between free enter-

prisers and conservative capi-

talists with major distrust.

This causes mistrust hostility

within many companies. The

hostility will in turn slow pro-

duction, raise prices and

slowly deteriorate the financial

world of

the United

States of

America.

Not to

m e n t i o n

the amount

of commu-

nist power

that is a

part of or

has started

these Un-

ions. Why

else would

they be

c a l l e d

reds? Both unions

and communism are

more or less based

on the same princi-

ples. Making this another rea-

son why Labor Unions are bad

for the United States of Amer-

ica. The United States of America is like a living creature. The economy is

like a heart and all the workers in the

United States of America are its

blood selling products like sending

oxygen. The Unions are like a can-

cer that can stop the blood flow. If

the unions continue they will make

the economy stop beating and single

handedly kill The United States of

America.

Stop all unions before Amer-

ica dies!

Labor Unions: A friend of Communism

The 20‟s have been a

decade of reform in many as-

pects of daily life. Women

have received the right to vote

and technological advances

have enabled the quick trans-

portation of people and goods

by way of automobiles. How-

ever, the reemergence of the

KKK signaled the continuing

discrimination against minori-

ties. Blacks have begun to

move northward and Eastern

European immigrants take low

paying jobs in factories with

deplorable working condi-

tions. The change in demo-

graphics has created a tense

mood in both the North and

South. But in spite of the

changing social dynamics,

there has been progress in ac-

cept ing other cultures.

The Red Scare has

shaped the nation‟s views to-

wards immigrants more than

perhaps any event of the last

decade. A deep mistrust of

immigrants created a political

atmosphere where Commu-

nists seemed to be the scape-

goat for all our troubles. The

huge influx of immigrants

made the problem all the more

visible. Legislation such as the

Johnson-Reed Act limited the

amount of immigrants allowed

and other laws have been en-

acted to further reduce the op-

portunities available to immi-

grants. Public views regarding

labor unions were also influ-

enced by the perception that

most labor union members

were Communist, Eastern

E u r o p e a n i m m ig r a n t s .

Perhaps the most obvi-

ous example of discrimination

of immigrants during the last

decade is the Sacco-Vanzetti

murder trial. The highly con-

troversial trial and its many

disputed facts were heavily

covered by the press. The

prosecution all but coached

the witnesses into providing

favorable testimony and the

judge openly proclaimed his

steadfast belief that the defen-

dants were guilty of many

crimes, even if not the one in

question. However, the de-

fense case was not perfect ei-

ther. Both suspects were de-

tained with weapons, but nei-

ther weapon definit ively

matched the bullets found in

the victim. Neither side had a

great case, but most of us can

agree at the very least that nei-

ther defendant received due

process, or a fair, speedy trial.

The defendants in the

Sacco-Vanzetti trial were

more or less chosen due to

their Italian nationality and

Anarchist political views.

While all jury members in

their trial claimed political

views and ethnicity did not

affect their decision, both

Sacco and Vanzetti were con-

victed, sentenced to death and

ultimately executed by electric

chair. This tremendous mis-

carriage of justice serves as an

example of the result of allow-

ing corruption and prejudice to

in f luence cour t cases.

While immigrants

have been the most recent

group to face discrimination,

blacks continue to struggle for

rights in the US. A large

movement of blacks from the

South to the North following

the Great War has created fur-

ther unemployment trouble.

The resurgence of the Ku Klux

Klan has inspired fear in mi-

norities around the nation. The

further segregation of society

between races has created en-

tirely black communities

plagued by poverty all around

t h e n a t i o n .

If physical separation

can be considered the visible

consequence of racism, then

the true and basic problem is

the acceptance of racism itself.

In spite of the intellectual ad-

vancements made in literature

and music, the widespread ac-

ceptance of racist views dur-

ing the 1920‟s is evidence that

discrimination is still a poign-

ant issue in the nation today.

Progress made throughout the

decade is certainly not insig-

nificant, but without changing

the fundamental values of

Americans discrimination will

continue.

Black OR White, not Black AND White

Few court cases in his-

tory have attracted as much

attention as the 1925 Scopes

vs. Tennessee trial. Every

American with a radio has

doubtlessly heard much com-

mentary on the subject in the

past few years. Even five

years later the Scopes Monkey

Trial as it came to be known

still polarizes people, and it

will likely continue to divide

people forever. The deep void

in the past decade between

strict Creationists and open-

minded Scientists became ob-

vious as coverage of the trial

made people begin to question

their beliefs. And although

John Scopes was ultimately

found guilty of the crime of

teaching Evolution, the funda-

mentalist Christian view of

creation was publicly humili-

a t e d .

John Scopes was sim-

ply a teacher at a high school

in the small town of Dayton,

Tennessee before the trial. A

group of ambitious business-

men in his town saw the op-

portunity for publicity in the

recently enacted Butler Act, a

state law preventing the teach-

ing of any concept which de-

nied the Christian story of

creation, as well as specifi-

cally barring the teaching of

„evolution‟. Until that point

the relatively recent theory of

evolution was not well known

or accepted outside of scien-

tific circles. The businessmen

proposed that Scopes inten-

tionally break the law in order

to go to trial and create the

news. Scopes agreed and went

along with the plan, setting the

stage for the most widely cov-

ered trial of the last decade.

The recently formed

ACLU took over the case and

Clarence Darrow, an already

famous defense attorney,

h e a d e d t h e d e f e n s e

team. Tom Stewart acted as

prosecutor. Soon after Scopes‟

indictment both sides began

preparing for trial and finding

witnesses. While the defense

never intended to deny that

Scopes had indeed taught evo-

lution, they focused on the un-

constitutionality of the law.

Stewart entered William

Jennings Bryan as an expert

witness for the prosecution.

The combination of two heav-

ily recognized names culmi-

nated in what was sure to be

a n e p i c s h o w d o w n .

From the outset the

case was heavily covered by

the press. Newspapers,

radios and even camera-

man recorded every as-

pect of the trial. It was

immediately obvious that

both the judge and jury

would allow their per-

sonal beliefs to interfere

with justice. As various

witnesses and testimonies

were presented to the jury

the entire country watched. On

the sixth day Darrow called

William Jennings Bryan to the

stand for cross examination.

The highly anticipated battle

of wits was followed by mil-

lions around the country.

Darrow tactfully dis-

credited Bryan‟s expertise on

the Bible, the reason he was

considered an expert witness.

After thoroughly humiliating

Bryan Darrow was silenced as

Judge Raulston abruptly ad-

journed the court for the day.

The next day the trial came to

a close and the jury went into

deliberation. They swiftly

came to a verdict of guilty and

sentenced Scopes to a $100

d o l l a r f i n e .

In spite of the guilty

verdict, Scopes vs. Tennessee

was an emotional and public

victory for the believers of

Evolution. In the coming dec-

ade perhaps the teaching of

Evolution in schools may be-

come commonplace or per-

haps it may never happen. But

whatever immediate effects

the trial may have, it may be

best remembered as the start

of public debate over how to

best search for the answers to

all our questions: science or

religion.

Evolution vs. Creationism

The rain poured really hard, and everything was hazy and dim. A soft beam could be spotted in

the distance. The yellow lights of a small cabin on the other side of the field were lit while the mas-

ter‟s cabin‟s lights were pitch black. After working a day long work in the muddy fields, the slaves

took off for the night. Music, the only artistic expression that the slaves brought with them from Af-

rica unified the African Americans. The African American slaves carried on this music and blos-

somed it into Jazz in the Roaring Twenties.

Black folk music moved with the migration of African Americans from the time of slavery in the

south to cities in the north and then around the world in the past decade. Jazz became a music genre

result of the Harlem Renaissance in 1920s. It originated from the musical minds of the Black Ameri-

cans in New Orleans as a mixture of rhythmic African drumbeats and European instruments making

it an unique genre of music. This new genre was implemented in a small city, but then was later

k n o w n t h r o u g h o u t t h e n a t i o n a n d a c r o s s t h e s e a s .

The city that never sleeps, never really sleeps. Harlem was filled with

people of all color and type. Cars honked, crowds gathered, people

screamed, and human traffic once again began to get into The Cotton Club

on this Friday night. The bustling activity in Harlem was all the effect of

the display of the vibrant showcase of Jazz musicians. Although Jazz was

not held in the highest regard by all of Harlem‟s residents, going to night-

clubs was a special passion of the community. The performance was

awaited eagerly by all the visitors and sightseers of the night. Jazz is a

way of life rather than just music of the Harlem Renaissance.

Mostly composed of African American musicians, Jazz had a rough

start. However white men came to view the African Americans playing

Jazz, enjoyed it, learned from it, and took it back with them. As a result, Jazz was widely spread

amongst the nation. “I had a little tin horn, the kind the people celebrate with. I would blow this long

tin horn without the top on it. Just hold my fingers close together. Blow it as a call for old rags,

bones, bottles or anything that people had to sell… The kids loved the sounds of my tin horn,” Louis

Armstrong, one of the well known Jazz musicians stated. Armstrong eventually learned to play the

trumpet and along with other jazz musicians such as Fletcher Anderson, spread the new genre of mu-

sic to other parts of the country and to Europe.

The Harlem Renaissance and the influence of African American writers and intellectuals proved

the intellectual and spiritual appeal of jazz music. During the course of the past decade men's pants

bagged, women's hair was cut short, and flappers and fashion took the toll. Jazz influenced these

fashion trends. The Jazz age provided inspiration and opportunity for women to reach beyond the

traditional role designated to them by society.

Not many people liked the Jazz. Some claimed it to be an irritation of nerves hearing and others

regarded it as immoral and threatening to old cultural values. Even the media began to denigrate jazz.

Many blamed Jazz for bad happenings. For example, the death of a celebrated conductor was because

of a fatal heart attack, but people who abhorred Jazz blamed it on Jazz. Nonetheless, Jazz music was

able to gain respect as an African American art form. For the first time in history, the culture of a mi-

nority became the desire of the majority and the status of African Americans was elevated.

The journey of Jazz

World Series, one of the most prominent

sporting events in the world, if not it is the most

prominent. From the scandalous 1919 Series fix

to the six Series attended by the Yankees during

the past decade, nothing has been more exciting

and more alive in America. It is what the com-

mon man plays, and the childhood dream of

m a n y g r o w i n g u p .

1919, a year that is known by many as the

year in which the Prohibition Amendment was

passed putting America into a time of no alco-

hol and notorious gangsters profiting from the

sale of illegal substances. This was also the year

of the Black Sox Scandal. The Chicago White

Sox versus the Cincinnati Reds for the overall

title. The investigations have continued for

years and eight White Sox players were offi-

cially banned for life from any Major League

Baseball (MLB) activity. They were accused of

throwing away the Series and also of accepting

bribes as well. The MLB has a clause that is

signed by each player stating that they will only

accept the salary offered to them by the team

that they are signed by. The operation was run

by New York Gangster Arnold Rothstein.

The New York Yankees had created a leg-

acy for themselves, with the infamous Mur-

derer‟s Row inside their lineup of batters. Six

World Series Trips defined the standard that the

Yankees have created for themselves. Star ball-

players such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and

Earl Combes had brought the team success and

every other opponent facing them, fear. The

New York Giants were a common foe during

the earlier years of the decade, bringing upsets

to the Yankees twice, once with a clean sweep

of wins. Within the six times that this legendary

club had come to the ultimatum of baseball,

t h e y o n l y w o n t h r e e t i t l e s .

The sudden surge of legends like Babe

Ruth is said to be a result of the changes added

to the great game of baseball in the earlier

years. Outfield fences were brought in closer to

the infield making home runs an easier feat to

accomplish. New regulations on the size, shape,

and weight of the ball allowed for easier air

t ravel and therefore further hit s.

The past is forever being written and new

and the future is not set in stone. America‟s Pas-

time is the way of the future, defining America

and forever evolving with the current events of

America.

1919-1929, a Decade through Baseball

In the 1920s, due to the affordability of

the people, radios were a widespread accessory

that unified the American people with a com-

mon experience. Along with radios, movies pro-

vided great entertain-

ment for the Ameri-

can people in the

1920s.

Radios became more

affordable to both the

middle class and the

working class. This

factor made it possi-

ble for every house-

hold to have a radio.

Radios became the

f i r s t m a s s -

broadcasting medium.

By the end of 1922, 3

million Americans

owned radios and

could listen to 508

stations. Advertising

in the radio attracted

many people through

mass marketing.

Live broadcasts and

shows like “Amos

and Andy” and “The

Shadow” he lped

unify the American

people with a common

experience. The first

radio news program

was broadcast August 31, 1920 by station 8MK

in Detroit, Michigan. The first college radio sta-

tion began broadcasting on October 14, 1920,

from Union College, New York.

The film industry‟s growth during the 1920‟s

revolutionized American entertainment. Critics

warned that films would have a negative effect

on society; filmgoers flocked to the theaters as

an escape from reality. Due to the film indus-

try, Hollywood boomed and produced a new

form of entertainment. Watching a movie was

inexpensive and accessible. Although critics

viewed this entertainment as a negative one,

crowds surged into downtown movie palaces

and nearby theaters. In

the beginning of the

1920s decade, there

were only silent films.

However, sound syn-

chronized motion pic-

tures replaced the silent

films between 1927

and 1929. October 6,

1927, the first movie

with sound The Jazz

Singer came out and

changed the industry

again.

Radios and Movies al-

lowed the citizens of

the US to be unified by

listening to and watch-

ing comedy shows,

news, live events, jazz,

romance shows, drama,

and operas. A person in

New York and a person

in Texas now could be

on the same page of

entertainment.

A connecting factor

Here are two letters of the many letters to the editors we’ve received since

our past publication. These two letters are well represented in explaining their

thoughts about previously published articles.

To the editor:

I must take exception to the author of the “Women‟s Suffrage is unnecessary” article. I understand

the author‟s frustration with the state of giving women the right to vote. But to condemn something

after it has been in tact is of no use. The 19th amendment has been ratified by the Congress and

women are given more freedom. Because of the ratification of this amendment, our future genera-

tions are at its best.

Men may say, “Who is to take care of the children now,” or “Who is to take care of the household?”

But in reality, both men and women could do both. I‟m not saying one has to stay home while the

other is at work, but the fact that both could collaborate and get it done together. I understand that

because of winning suffrage, women‟s political interests have waned. And their interests have also

shifted towards social life. Fashion has become more promiscuous with hemlines becoming shorter

and shorter. Women have started to cut their hair short, wear hats, smoke, drink, dance unre-

strainedly, and use birth control.

However the author of the article in the past has made it seem like he wants the public to believe that

all is bad and that women have become more dangerous. Truth be told, women are just given more

freedom and voice in the government. There is more representation with women being added to poli-

tics and social life. Women only asked for representation equal to those of African Americans.

Women didn‟t ask for more and so weren‟t given any more. Although women are allowed to work

now, they are still discriminated due to gender as African Americans are discriminated due to race.

Again, I do not interfere with the right of others to choose what they say. I do not wish to criticize

their freedom of speech. However, I vehemently object to the author‟s efforts to force me to take the

same stance on the issue as he did. Furthermore, I would like to let the public know both sides of an

issue before they take their stance on it.

Sincerely,

Alice Paul (Women‟s Activist)

Time for an addition or objection

Dear Editor,

I had read your article called The Future as we know it where it talked about how all of these

cars and air planes will become bigger and be used for more efficient ways of travel and transport

good on a global scale. Even though it focused on only cars and airplanes, the innovations of how

they are made can revolutionize our production levels to higher standards, make things less expen-

sive, and replacing parts on things will cost less as well. This new innovation that I admire and re-

spect is the magical assembly line. This is the future of our economy and the world.

I liked how it started off with Henry Ford and his design of the Model T car. His design is

not only one of the most reliable vehicles on the market but it is also the lowest in price and people

don‟t have to worry about the need of a mechanic after every use. The Model T is very reliable and

if there is any trouble, you can take it into a shop and have it repaired in a brief amount of time. The

assembly line allows us to make things in quicker manner with an increase in production and a de-

crease in cost. Assembly line will make this country improve economically; furthermore, we will be

able to produce weapons at a higher rate potentially and perhaps chose to be the greatest military

force in the world.

Then when it referred to Charles Lindbergh being the first pilot to fly across the Atlantic

Ocean, the fact that Lindbergh was an American makes the conclusion that The United States can

and will do anything. So the innovation of airplanes makes transporting and travelling internation-

ally so much easier with less traveling time. With Lindbergh leading a revolution of inspiration and

culture throughout the United States, those inspirations will feed on to others and so forth.

So the in reality the original article really talked about a revolution of technology pouring in

that makes the world a smaller and smaller place where people can connect with each other like call-

ing someone on the phone. The world is slowly becoming a smaller place as long as inventions of

any kind occur. With the help of the assembly line anything is possible. Thanks for the great article.

Sincerely,

Caddie Lack

Time for an addition or objection (continuation)