October, 1981 Vol. Fourteen No. Four

FLUORIDE

Pnrldont Prof. SS. Jolly, M.D.

Medical College Patiria, India

Vice President Dr. ac. med. J. Franb

Orthopedic Clinlc Martin-Luther-Unlvbnity

Halle, QDR, E. Q m a n y

2nd Vl- Pr#idont S.cntary-Tmawrmr Prof. J r c q u r Elsalr Qwrge L. Waldbott, M.D.

institut dos scion- M ~ I ~ X I O S Warren, Michlgan Alger, Algeria

ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. Q. Fradi, M.D. Prof. 0. W. Mlller, Ph. D. Utah State Universlty Institute of Occupational

Modiclne Logan, Utah

Prof. F. Plnet, Y.D. R h h , France

Univmlty of Paiermo, Italy

Prof. G. Haibwachs, Ph. D. institute of Botany

Vlonna, Austria

Prof. Dr. Q. Rownbuger Votdnary University

Hannovu, Wanany

A H. Siddiqui, M.D. Coon Raplds, Minnesota

J. V. Marhold, M.D., Ph. D. Roemarch institute for Organic Synthds

Prrdublca, CSSR

Prof. J. B. Patrick, Ph. D. Mary Baldwln College

Staunton, Virginia

Dr. 8c. mod. J. Frank8 Orthopedic Clinlc

Martin-LuthwUniwdty Halie, QDR

University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas

Prof. Ron6 Truhaut, Ph. D. Facult6 Do pharmacie

Prof. A W. Burgstahler, Ph. D.

Unlwsite do Paris, France

EDITORIAL BOARD

D. J. Ballantyne, Ph. D. University Victoria

Victoria, B.C.

MUDr. G. Balarova CSc. Research Institute for Hygiene

Bratislavr, Czechoslovakia

Federal Agric Research Statlon Llebefdd Bern, Switzerland

National Institute of Nutrltion

Dr. Ernest Bovay, Director

KAV.R Kdshnamachari, M.D.

Hyderabad, India

Prof. Q. Ndi Jmklns Unlv. of N.wustie Upon Tyne, England

J.ny Knchniak, Ph. D. Akdrmla Medyczna

Qda6sk. Poland

Prof. Dr. 0. Obe

M ln , DBR

Dr. Michael N. Egyed

Frolo Univcnsltat Berlin

Kimron Veterinary Institute Bdt Dagan, lsrad

H. Hanhljani, D. D. S. Korpiiahti, Finland

Dr. John A Cooke Sunderland Polytechnlc School of Pharmacy & Biology

Sunderland, England

Prof. Jacqum Eisair lnstitut do8 S c l e n ~ ~ Mbicales

Algr, Algaria

Prof. Frederick W. Odrme, D.V.M., Ph. D. Kansas State Unlverslty

Manhattan, Kansas

Prof. S.P.S’. Twtia, M.D. Medical College

Univ. of Moorut, India

Vol. Fourteen No. Four October, 1081 Pages 147-204

Quarterly Reports Issued by

THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR FLUORIDE RESEARCH

Editor 0. L Wa-.M.D. Warren, Michigan

Co-Editon A W Burastahlu, Ph. D.

Lawre-5ce, Kansas J. A Ykrnouyhnnis, Ph. D.

Delaware, Ohio

CONTENTS EDITORIAL

Urinary Fluoride and Fluoride Toxicity .....................

Chemical Profile of Human Serum in Fluoride Toxicity and Fluorosis: 1. Total Protein-Bound Carbohydrates, Seromucoid and Fluoride Levels - by A. K. Susheela, Y. D. Sharma, M. Jha, K. Rajyalakshmi and N. V. Rama Mohan Rao, New Delhi, India ................................................ 150-154

147-149

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Effect of Administration of Sodium Fluoride on Urinary Excre- tion of Tryptophan Metabolites - by F. Geeraerts, L. Schimp fessel and R. Crokaert, Brussels, Belgium .................

The Effects of Fluoride on Fish in Gabes Gulf - by G. Milhaud, L. El Bahri and A. Dridi, D’Alfort, France and Sidi Thabet, Tunisia .............................................. 161,-168

Fluoride Levels in Soil, Water, Plants and Cattle in the Darmous Zone of Morocco - by M. Kessabi and M. Amouzigh, Rabat- Agdal, Morocco. ...................................... 169-171

Industrial Fluorosis - by B. W. Carnow and S. A. Conibear, Chicago, Illinois ...................................... 172-181

155-160

SPECIAL REPORT Fluorosis: Geographical Pathology and Some Experimental

Findings - by A. A. Zahvoronkov, and L. S. Strochkova, MOSCOW, USSR ....................................... 182-191

ABSTRACTS Fluoride Content of Bone Samples in Dogs - by K. Loeffler, H.

Fluoride in Dogs - by K. Loeffler, C. Brosi, W. Oelschlager L.

Brehm, W. Oelschlager, H. Schenkel, and L. Freyler ......... 192

Feyler ................................................ 192-193

The Effect of Fluoride Intake on the Total Lipid, Cholesterol and Vitamin E Levels in Sera and Liver of Guinea Pigs on High Fat Diet - by G. T. Vatassery, R. H. Ophaug, and L. Singer, Min- neapolis,Minnesota ................................... 193

Fluoride-Induced Damage to Domestic Animals With Special Reference to Feeding and Productivity - by W. Oelschlager, E. Moser, L. Feyler and K. Loeffler, Stuttgart and Rheinfelden. ..

Fluoride Cycles in an Estuarine Ecosystem - by F. Murray,

194

Newcastle, N.S.W. .................................... 195

FLUORIDE BRIEFS ....................... : ............ .154,181,195

IN MEMORIUM - C. C. Gordon ............................. 196-197

The Twelfth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research will convene at the Hilton Hotel in St. Petersburg, Florida, May 16th to lath, 1982. Transportation from Tampa Airport to the Hilton is available. The rate per room for double occupancy is $50.00 or $25.00 per person.

The Program Committee is soliciting abstracts (up to 300 words) of papers to be presented at the conference dealing with any phase of fluoride research. Kindly send abstracts to the Society’s office, P.O. Box 692, Warren, Michigan 48090 prior to February 15, 1982

FLUORIDE b pubtishod quwhrly by THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR FLUORIDE RESEARCH, INC.,

MANUSCRIPTS f a p u b l i i o n should k submittad in Englii, doubk-rprrd with gwwwr margins R . f . m r r rhwld k arranged according to tho order in which thy aro cited in tho tact, and writton 8s follows: Author, titlo, joumrl. v d u n n , p.0.r and year. Each papor must contain a summary of not moro thn 12 lina

FLUORIDE is listed in Current Contents Agicultural Food and Veterinsry Sciences

Geeraerts et al. 159

Discussion

Fluoride appears in the blood as early as 10 minutes after inges- tion; its concentration reaches a maximum after 120 minutes (1). It was established by Margolis et al. (15) that at least 80% of the ingested fluoride is excreted in the urine within 24 hours. For this reason, and in order to measure accurately diuresis and daily creatinine excretion, 24-hour samples were collected.

The amount of fluoride given to the rats is fairly high but. in relation to the body weight, it is in the order of magnitude of fluoride intake in accidental intoxication in humans.

We have observed a decrease in the daily creatinine excretion dur- ing the NaF treatment. These results could confirm the lowering effect of fluoride on the basal metabolic rate (16). However, Ophaug et al. (17) did not notice such a decrease, but the doses of fluoride adminis- tered by these investigators were much lower than in our study.

The results of the present experiment concerning the influence of fluoride on tryptophan metabolism could suggest an alteration of an im- portant pathway of this amino acid: the serotonin pathway (Fig. 1). Du- ring fluoride intake, the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxytryptophan, sero- tonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid is less than 50% compared with the value obtained during the control period.

These results are in agreement with the suggestion of Rapaport (9) that fluoride might have an inhibitory effect on the serotonin pathway of tryptophan.

metabolism could be due to a decreased synthesis or to an impaired excretion of the metabolites studied. Further investigations on regulating enzymes and physiological functions involved could elucidate the action mechanism of fluorides on tryptophan metabolism.

The observed effect of sodium fluoride on tryptophan

The importance of the observed changes in the tryptophan metabolism is to be related to the metabolic activity of the tryptophan derivatives. Some of the endogenously produced metabolites of the tryptophan-nicotinic acid pathway are carcinogenic and serotpnin is known to have multiple ac- tivities (neurotransmitter, vasoconstrictor, psychotropic drugs, etc. ) (18). Consequently some of the modifications observed in the general me- tabolism and the physiological state in cases of fluoride poisoning could be correlated with the changes in tryptophan metabolism.

Bibliography

1. Ekstrand, J., Koch, G., and Petersson, L.G.: Plasma Fluoride Concen-

Caries Res. 14: 185-189, 1980. 2. Hoffman, R., Mann, J., Calderone, J., Trumbull, J., and Burkhart, M.:

tration and Urinary Fluoride Excretion Following Application of Fluoride-Containing Varnish DuraphatR.

Acute Fluoride Poisoning in a New Mexico Elementary School. Pediatrics 65:897-900, 1980.

the

FLUORIDE

162 F- i n F i s h

F igure 1

mined by t h e s t u d i e s by Darmoul (2) on t h e f l u o r i a e conraminat ion of t h e t a te r a long t h e beach and on t h e i n f r a l i t t o r a l area (Fig. 1). The wa- ter samples c o l l e c t e d 1.5 m o f f t h e beach showed high f l u o r i d e concen- t r a t i o n s : 250 t o 300 ppm c l o s e t o t h e e f f l u e n t , 70 ppm a t 700 m, 35 ppm a t 2 km with phenomena of d i l u t i o n a t t h e mouths of t h e oueds. Inf ra - l i t t o r a l waters, beyond 200 m from t h e beach, can be d iv ided i n t o 4 areas s e p a r a t e d by f l u o r i d e i s o c o n c e n t r a t i o n l i n e s : 3 mg/l areas A-B; 1 .3 mg/l areas B-C; 1 mg/l areas C-D (Fig. 1).

The f i s h w e r e c o l l e c t e d i n December 1979 a t f o u r d i f f e r e n t sites, s i te 1,200 m south of t h e e f f l u e n t , 100 m from t h e shore , 5 m deep; s i t e 11,2300 m s o u t h of t h e e f f l u e n t from t h e s h o r e , 0.4 m deep; s i t e II1,half-way between t h e two p i e r s of t h e commercial and f i s h i n g harbors , about 3 Ian from t h e shore , 6 m deep; s i t e I V , l O O m from t h e n o r t h p i e r of t h e commercial harbor , 5-6 m deep (F ig . 1). A t t h a t d a t e , on ly I .C.M. I and 11 were i n opera t ion . Work a t S.A.E.P.A. w a s o f f i c i a l l y s t a r t e d on January 4, 1980. As c o n t r o l samples, f i s h were caught i n Tunis bay, 25 m from Gammarth beach, 1 m deep, i n February 1980.

a t t h e mouth of Jara oued, 10 m

Immediately a f t e r being c o l l e c t e d , t h e f i s h ( e s s e n t i a l l y m u l l e t s , o b l a d s and corbs) were i d e n t i f i e d , a f t e r which - w i t h i n 24 hours - they were deep-frozen and r e f r i g e r a t e d a t -18°C i n p l a s t i c bags. During a

Volume 14 Number 4 October 1981

199

Author's Index

Merad, R.: 21-29 Meunier, P.J.: 101 Milhaud, G.: 161-168 Millers, A.: 41 Moll, E.: 143 Norman, M.R. : 128 Moser, E.: 194 Mower, M.M.: 146 Murray, P.: 195

Nagchaudhuri, J.: 86-90 Norris, C.: 95, 141 Nowacki, C.: 61-68

Oelschlager, W.: 192, 193, 194 Olkkonen, 8.: ,144 Ophaug, R.H.: 3, 145, 193 Orzechowski, V.: 101 Orzechowska-Juzwenko, K.: 101

Patel, V.K.: 129-131 Pearson, D.E.: 42 Pohl, L.R.: 181

Pool, M.P.: 41 Polo, B.: 102-107

Pospulka, W.: 61-68

Rajyalkshmi, K.: 150-154

Ramana Rao, J.V.: 115-118 Rao, S.H.: 94

Rebel, A.: 46 Reddy, D.R.: 94-95 Reddy, X.V.R.R.: 94-95 Reggabi, M.: 21-29 Reider, R.: 146 Renier, J.R.: 46 Ri-chuan, Bao: 91-93 Runge, H. : 14-21 Rupert, G.: 143

Salomon, J.: 146

Schenkel, H.: 192 Schifli, H.H.: 96 Schimpfessel, L. : 155-160 Sesikeran, B.: 94 Shahed, A.R.: 41 Sharma, Y.D.: 150-154 Singer, L.: 3, 93, 145, 193'

Rama, N.V.: 150-154

Ray, S.K.: 86-90

Smjlo, D.: 112-114

Singh, M.: 107-112, 132-141 Singh, R.K.: 69-74 Skolarczyk, A. : 10-13, 61-68 Spencer, H.: 95, 141 Stephen, K.W.: 42-43 Strochkova, L.S . : 182-191 Susheela, A.K.: 150-154 S z w z y k , S. : 10-13

Tango, W.J.: 41 Teotia, M.: 69-74 Teotia, S.P.S.: 69-74 Tiwari, I . C . : 86-90

Uslu, B.: 38-41

Venkatakrishna-Bhatt, H . : 129-131 Vatassery, G.H.: 193

Wiatrowski, E.: 95, 141 Wei, S.H.Y.: 143 mite, D.A.: 44 Whitford, G . M . : 42 Worley, R.J.: 154

Zahvoronkov, A.A.: 182-191 Zan-dao, Wei: 91-93 Ziegelbecker, R.: 123-128