1.scaffolding procedure

CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION SAFETY PROCEDURE FOR SCAFFOLDING

Document No. :

Project Name :

Contract No. :

Client :

EPIC CONTRACTOR

Rev Date Description Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

YANBU II POWER & WATER PROJECT

Contract PO No.: CONSTRUCTION AND

INSTALLATION SAFETY

PROCEDURE FOR SCAFFOLDING

Date of Issue: 02/04/2012

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Rev No. :

REVISION HISTORY

EPIC CONTRACTOR SPDC

Rev Date Prepared byReviewed

by

Approved

by

Validity

PeriodDate Reviewed by Approved by



INSTALLATION SAFETY


Date of Issue:02/04/2012

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PURPOSE......................................................................................................4

2 SCOPE...........................................................................................................4

3 RESPONSIBILITY..........................................................................................4

3.1 Construction Manager.....................................................................................43.2 Scaffolding Supervisor....................................................................................43.3 All users..........................................................................................................4

4 DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................4

4.1 Scaffolding......................................................................................................44.2 Scaffold Terms................................................................................................4

5 INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................7

5.1 Materials.........................................................................................................75.3 Scaffold Types...............................................................................................135.4 Erection of Scaffolding..................................................................................165.5 Dismantling of Scaffolding.............................................................................17

6 DISMANTLE - DON'T DEMOLISH...............................................................17

6.1 Inspection of Scaffolding...............................................................................176.2 Scaffold Users...............................................................................................17

7 ANNEX.........................................................................................................18

7.1 Table 1. Tube & Coupler Scaffolds Standards..............................................187.2 General Scaffold Components......................................................................187.3 Independent Tied Scaffold............................................................................187.4 Through Tie and Reveal Tie..........................................................................187.5 Birdcage Scaffold..........................................................................................187.7 Cantilever Scaffold........................................................................................187.8 Warning for frame scaffolding.......................................................................187.9 Basic ass’y methods for frame scaffolding....................................................187.10 Strength analysis for frame scaffolding.........................................................187.11 Scaffold Register...........................................................................................18

1.0 Scaffold Register......................................................................................37

1.1 Erection.......................................................................................................371.2 Results of Scaffold Inspection.....................................................................371.3 Scaffold hand over (Safe for Use)...............................................................371.4 Dismantling.................................................................................................37



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1 PURPOSETo set standards to which scaffolds will be erected and dismantled using sound materials and to set further standards for their safe use and inspection at specific periods it should be noted that unseated scaffolding above 50m in height and sheeted scaffolds in very exposed positions need to be specially designed.

2 SCOPETo be used as a guideline for all scaffolding erected, used and dismantled on HANWHA or Joint Venture projects.

3 RESPONSIBILITY

3.1 Construction Manager3.1.1 To monitor scaffolding operation, take necessary action to enforce safe scaffolding

practices.3.1.2 To ensure that the scaffolding team adhere to the recognized standard or code of practice

with respect to the material, erection and maintenance of scaffolds.3.2 Scaffolding Supervisor

3.2.1 To inspect and approve/disapprove erected scaffolds prior to their use.3.2.2 To erect scaffolds based on verified/certified plans/sketches.3.2.3 To carry out regular quality control checks on scaffolding materials and on erected

scaffolds.3.2.4 On a daily basis check the integrity of scaffolds is maintained and not affected.3.2.5 To report to Construction Manager any unauthorized use or unauthorized modification of

scaffolds, and prevent the use of such scaffolding until the scaffolding has been corrected to.

3.2.6 To ensure safe dismantling of scaffolding and safe and proper site clearance upon completion of the job.

3.3 All users3.3.1 To ensure at all times that scaffolding is safely used and not modified without

authorization.3.3.2 To report defects and unauthorized modifications of the scaffolding to the scaffolding

supervisor. 1.0

4 DEFINITIONS4.1 Scaffolding

4.1.1 A temporary structure which provides access, working places, and can be used to support materials, plant or equipment. It can be divided into two types:

4.1.2 Proprietary systems which clip together rather than using traditional units.4.1.3 Tube & Fittings: Individual tubes, of varying lengths, held together by individual couplers.4.1.4 Frame scaffolding: Pre-fabricated scaffolding that should be assembled/ used in

accordance with attached procedure.4.2 Scaffold Terms

4.2.1 Base Plate.

A metal base (with a central spigot) for distributing the load from a standard, rake or load bearing

tube

4.2.2 Bay Length.



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The distance between two adjacent standards along the face of a scaffold

4.2.3 Board.

A softwood or metal board used with similar boards to provide access platforms, working platforms

or toe boards, etc.

4.2.4 Board Bearer (Intermediate Transom).

A tube spanning across ledgers at mid span, to support a working platform

4.2.5 Brace.

A tube incorporated diagonally across two or more members in scaffold and secured to them in

order to ensure stability.

4.2.6 Buttress.

A well braced tubular structure erected against existing scaffolding for the purpose of strengthening

it.

4.2.7 Toe board Clip.

Used to fix a toe board to a scaffold tube

4.2.8 Couplers.

Fittings used to fix scaffold tubes together. Couplers are divided into load bearing or non-load

bearing.

4.2.9 Reveal Pin.

A fitting used for tightening a reveal tube between two opposing surfaces

4.2.10 Guardrail.

A tube secured onto the scaffold to prevent the fall of a person.

4.2.11 Hoop Iron.

Metal band fitted to the ends of a softwood board to prevent splitting.

4.2.12 Ledger.

A horizontal tube secured to the standards, with load bearing fittings. It prevents standards from

bowing and acts as a support for transoms, board bearers and ledger to ledger diagonal bracing.

4.2.13 Access Platform.

A fully boarded out bay which provides step off points for ladder access

4.2.14 Lift.

The assembly of ledgers, transoms and board bearers forming each horizontal level of a scaffold

4.2.15 Needle Transom.

A transom extended from a scaffold.

4.2.16 Node Point.

Common point where ledgers, standards and transoms are fixed

4.2.17 Puncheon.

A vertical tube secured at its lower end, with a load bearing coupler, to a horizontal tube. The load

is not transmitted directly onto the ground or onto a base plate.



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4.2.18 Raker.

An inclined load bearing tube

4.2.19 Scaffolding tag.

A tag strategically displayed, normally at the access point to every scaffold which indicates that the

scaffold has been inspected within the previous seven(7) days and is safe to use, or if the green tag

is removed denotes 'Unsafe for Use'

4.2.20 Sleeve Coupler.

A fitting which fits over a scaffold tube and is used to join one tube to another, end to end

4.2.21 Sole Plate.

A timber (normally a short scaffold board) used to spread the load from the base plate over an

extended area.

4.2.22 Joint Pin.

A fitting which fits inside a scaffold tube and is used to join one tube to another, end to end

4.2.23 Standard.

A vertical tube used to transmit the load to ground or ground level.

4.2.24 Stop End.

A guardrail placed across the end of a scaffold, or used to isolate un-boarded parts.

4.2.25 Tie.

A tube used to tie a scaffold into a secure anchorage.

4.2.26 Toe board.

A board positioned along the edge of a platform to prevent persons, tools and materials falling from

the platform.

4.2.27 Transom.

A tube connecting the outer standards to the inner standards It spans across ledgers and forms the

working platform.

4.2.28 Unit Beam.

A purpose made lattice beam incorporated into a scaffold structure to form a bridge where an

extended opening between standards is necessary.

4.2.29 Vertical Frame

Pre-fabricated Vertical frame for the frame scaffolding

4.2.30 Horizontal Frame

Pre-fabricated Horizontal frame which install on the vertical frame scaffolding

4.2.31 Cross Brace

Pre-fabricated cross bars to be installed between two vertical frame scaffolding

4.2.32 Jack Base

Level adjustment tool to be assemble into the every pipe & frame scaffolding that are installed on



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the ground or base foundation.

4.2.33Caster

Roller for the movable scaffolding

4.2.34Working Platform.

The boarded out deck from which work is carried out

5 INSTRUCTIONS

5.1 Materials

5.1.1 Tubes, units, frames, etc. shall be straight to the eye and shall be free of cracks, splits, excessive

corrosion or other defects. The ends shall be cut square with the axis of the tube. Any tube, unit or

frame requiring a high degree of maintenance such as wire brushing or scraping shall be replaced.

No black steel tube shall be used.

5.1.2 All scaffolding material will be of sound construction and adequate strength and will be

manufactured, constructed and maintained to international standards suitable for the project.

5.1.3 Scaffolding Boards.

5.1.3.1 Boards of similar thickness will be used to deck out individual scaffolds.

5.1.3.2 Scaffolding boards are not acceptable if they have a knot larger than 50㎜ diameter.

5.1.3.3 Edge knots shall not exceed 50% of the thickness of the board.

5.1.3.4 Warped boards shall not be used.

5.1.3.5 Scaffold boards with splits are not acceptable.

5.1.3.6 There shall be no cut outs(checks), burns, oil stains or projecting nails.

5.1.3.7 Boards shall not be painted or treated in any other way which may conceal defects. They may

be fireproofed using an approved flame retardant material.

5.1.3.8 Boards which are broken or excessively worn are not acceptable.

5.1.3.9 Boards shall be square cut and bound with a hoop iron.

5.1.4 Couplers.

5.1.4.1 Any coupler found to be broken or damaged or found to have rusty or damaged threads will

be discarded.

5.1.4.2 Couplers will be sorted by type. They will be kept clean and lightly oiled to prevent rust.

5.1.5 Storage of Materials.

5.1.5.1 All scaffolding material will be properly and neatly stored in properly constructed scaffold

racks.

5.1.5.1.1 Tubes will be sorted and stored by length.

5.1.5.1.2 Couplers will be sorted and stored by type.

5.1.5.1.3 Boards will be stored no more than 20 high.



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5.1.5.2 Where materials are being stored at the site of erection for immediate use, they will be stored

in a neat manner which does not present a tripping hazard or block access routes.

5.1.5.3 Scaffolding materials will be stored only in areas approved by Site Management.

5.2 General Rules for Scaffolding

5.2.1 Foundations

5.2.1.1 The foundations shall as far as possible be level and adequate to carry the load imposed.

5.2.1.2 Base plates shall be placed under every standard irrespective of the foundation surface.

5.2.1.3 Sole plates shall be placed under every base plate where the foundation is other than

concrete or metal plate decking. This rule shall apply to open deck grating.

5.2.1.4 Sole plates, where required, shall be placed underneath the base plate on two adjacent

standards, normally at right angles to the face of the scaffold. The sole plate will extent 600㎜

either side of two adjacent standards which it supports.

5.2.1.5 Under no circumstances must scaffolds be undermined by carrying out any excavation within

1 meter of the foundations being concrete and 2 meters on soft ground.

5.2.2 Standards (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds) (See the Annex 7.1 Table 1.).

5.2.2.1 Standards shall be plumbed vertical.

5.2.2.2 The spacing between standards is determined by the intended use of the scaffold. Under no

circumstances must bay length exceed those distance appended in Table1.

5.2.2.3 Joints in standards can be made with sleeve couplers or spigots (joint pins). Joints must be

staggered, i.e. they must not occur at the same level in adjacent standards.

5.2.3 Ledgers (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds).

5.2.3.1 Ledgers must be plumbed level and fixed to the inside of standards using right angle, load

bearing couplers. The ledger must not extend more than 50㎜ past the load bearing coupler.

5.2.3.2 The vertical distance (lift height) between ledgers must not exceed 2 meters.

5.2.3.3 Joints in ledgers will be made with sleeve couplers; spigots (joint pins) are not acceptable. All

joints must be staggered.

5.2.3.4 Right angle couplers (doubles or 90's) are the only fitting suitable as load bearing to join

tubes at right angles.

5.2.4 Transoms.

5.2.4.1 Transoms should, whenever possible, be secured to standards using right angle couplers.

They may however, be laid across ledgers and secured with putlog clips provided that they

are not more than 300㎜ from each pair of standards. A transom must not extend more than

50㎜ past the right angle coupler/putlog clip.

5.2.5 Ties.

Means of resisting inward and outward movement of a scaffold is normally achieved with ties to the

facade at a number of points. All tie connections must be made with right angle couplers. Whatever



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type of tie is used, it must be established that the strength of the building / structure is adequate to

sustain the loads, which will be transferred to it.

5.2.5.1 Through Tie.

A tie assembly through a window or other opening in a wall Safe Working capacity 6.25kN

5.2.5.2 Reveal Tie.

5.2.5.2.1 The assembly of a reveal tube with wedges or screw fittings and timber pads, fixed

between opposing faces of an opening in a wall, together with a tie tube.

5.2.5.2.2 Safe working capacity (when relying solely on friction) is 3.5kN inwards and outwards.

5.2.5.2.3 Where the reveal tube is tight behind a load-bearing feature and there is a butt tube,

the safe working capacity is 6.25kN.

5.2.5.2.4 Reveal ties should not be used on sheeted scaffolds and the use of more than 50%

reveal ties should be avoided on unseated scaffold.

5.2.5.3 Box Tie.

5.2.5.3.1 The assembly of tubes and couplers, usually around columns or other generally

rectangular elements of the building / structure.

5.2.5.3.2 Safe working capacity 6.25kN. Where the tie is provided with two tubes and a butt,

connected with two couplers the safe working capacity becomes 12.5kN.

5.2.5.4 Lip Tie.

5.2.5.4.1 An L-shaped arrangement of tubes and couplers to hook the scaffold behind elements

of the building / structure, such as sill or lintels.

5.2.5.4.2 Inward movement is normally restricted by a butting transom.

5.2.5.4.3 The tie is made more effective by the fitting of a sway transom. Safe working capacity

6.25kN.

5.2.5.5 Cast-in and Drilled anchorage Ties.

5.2.5.5.1 Provided by casting in, or subsequently fixing a threaded anchor sleeve into the

structure itself.

5.2.5.5.2 The attachment of the scaffold to the structure is either by a ring bolt (through which a

scaffold tube is passed or which is tied by wire lashing or steel banding to a scaffold

tube), or by a proprietary anchor.

5.2.5.5.3 It is essential that these types of ties are used in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations.

5.2.5.5.4 The effectiveness of all anchorage systems is largely dependent on the structural

condition of the material into which the sleeve is fixed.

5.2.5.5.5 Such systems should have a minimum safe working capacity of 6.25kN and proof and

pull-out tests should be carried out on selected anchor sleeves.

5.2.5.6 Movable and Non-movable Ties.

5.2.5.6.1 Ties, wherever practicable should be left undisturbed until the scaffold is dismantled.



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5.2.5.6.2 This can normally be achieved by selecting appropriate types of ties and their

positions.

5.2.5.6.3 Such ties are referred to as “non-movable”. Sometimes, however, it may be necessary

to remove a tie causing an obstruction to work.

5.2.5.6.4 This will make the scaffold less secure and additional ties will be required to

compensate for this.

5.2.5.6.5 Ties that may be necessary to be removed temporarily are referred to as “movable”.

5.2.5.6.6 Project Management must make it clear to the scaffold erectors when ties are required

to be movable.

5.2.5.7 Spacing of Ties.

5.2.5.7.1 The spacing of ties should not exceed 8.5m horizontally or vertically.

5.2.5.7.2 Ties should be reasonably evenly distributed over the scaffold at the following minimum

frequency.

5.2.5.7.3 Where up to 50% of reveal ties are used on an unseated scaffold, there should be

movable ties every 25 square meters or a non-movable tie every 31 square meters.

5.2.5.7.4 The

use of

more

than

50%

reveal

ties

should be avoided, however, where this is necessary, there should be a non-movable

tie every 22 square meters.

5.2.5.7.5 Reveal ties should not be used on sheeted scaffolds.

5.2.5.7.6 The aforementioned table assumes a tie capacity of 12.5kN at each tie position for

sheeted scaffolds.

5.2.5.7.7 Where ties with a safe working capacity of 6.25kN are used on sheeted scaffolds, there

shall be a movable tie every 12.5 square meters or a non-movable tie every 16 square

meters.

5.2.5.8 Rule of thumb.

5.2.5.8.1 If B is the number of scaffold bays between ties and L is the number of scaffold lifts

between ties, then product B x L must be less than:

5.2.5.8.1.1 8 for unseated scaffolds.

5.2.5.8.1.2 3 for sheeted scaffolds.

Note: Ties must be less than 4 bays apart horizontally and 4 bays apart vertically.

Unsheeted Scaffold. Sheeted Scaffold.Height

Limitation.

Movable Ties.32 square meters. - 50 meters.

- 25 square meters. 25 meters.

Non-Movable

Ties.

40 square meters. - 50 meters.

- 32 square meters. 25 meters.



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5.2.5.8.1.3 If the scaffold structure is in excess of 50metres in height, the scaffold must be

specially designed.

5.2.5.8.1.4 Buttresses and raker tubes are other means of resisting horizontal loads and

sideways movements of scaffold structure.

5.2.6 Braces.

5.2.6.1 All scaffolds will be braced in both directions. Braces, whether façade or ledger to ledger, will

extend to the full height of the structure.

5.2.6.2 Façade braces will be repeated at a maximum distance of every 10 meters.

5.2.6.3 Ledger to ledger bracing will be repeated at every alternate set of standards.

5.2.6.4 Joint in façade braces will be made with sleeve couplers, spigots are not acceptable.

5.2.6.5 Where braces are fixed to transoms, the transom itself must be fixed with right angle

couplers.

5.2.7 Working Platform.

5.2.7.1 Working platform will normally be five boards wide but may be reduced to two boards where

the scaffold has been erected for inspection or access purposes only.

5.2.7.2 All working platforms will be close boarded with boards butted together end to end. Boards

will either be cut to fit around standards, pipe penetrations etc., or have the gaps filled in with

the use of suitable fixed wooden boarding i.e. ply wood.

5.2.7.3 Each individual board will be securely lashed.

5.2.7.4 Guardrails will be fixed to the inside of the standards on all working platforms to a height of

between 1.1 meters (minimum) and 1.5 meters(maximum). The space between the top of the

toe board and the underside of the guardrail will not exceed 690㎜.

5.2.7.5 An intermediate guardrail will be fixed to the inside of standards in every instance.

5.2.7.6 Toe boards including stop end boards will be fitted to all working platforms. The minimum

height will be 150㎜.

5.2.7.7 If materials are to be stacked above the height of the toe board, a suitable barrier (brick

guards) will be erected.

5.2.7.8 Ladder access openings will not be more than 500㎜ wide (2 boards) and will be as short as

possible in the other direction.

5.2.7.9 The maximum span of any board forming the working platform will be 1.2 meters.

5.2.7.10The minimum overhang of any board will not be less than 50㎜ and the maximum overhang

will not exceed 150㎜.

5.2.7.11No more than 2 board’s width will be supported on needle transoms unless the transoms are

fixed with right angle coupler and 'picked up'.

5.2.8 Ladder Access Platforms.

5.2.8.1 The vertical height between ladder access platforms will not exceed 9 meters.



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5.2.8.2 Ladder access platforms will be close boarded and will have guardrails and toe boards

secured as per section 6.2.7.

5.2.9 Ladders.

5.2.9.1 Ladders will project beyond working platforms or ladder access platforms by a minimum

distance of 1.05 meters (five rungs).

5.2.9.2 Ladders will be based on a sound footing. They will be lashed or secured by a proprietary

clamp at both the foot and near the top.

5.2.9.3 The angle at which the ladder is set will (with the exception of scaffold towers) be 75° or 300

㎜ out for every 1.2 meters of vertical length.

5.2.9.4 Long ladders will be supported and lashed at their mid point to remove any bounce.

5.2.9.5 Ladders shall be constructed of aluminum or wood. Only properly constructed and

manufactured ladders shall be used. 'Home made' ladders are strictly forbidden.

5.2.9.6 All ladders will be of good repair and sound construction. They will be checked for damage,

faults and wear & tear, by the approved scaffolding supervisor, before use.

5.2.9.7 Metal tie rods will be in place.

5.2.9.8 Ladders may be on the outside of a scaffold for the first two lifts, above ground level. In every

other instance, the ladder run will be internal to the scaffold.

5.2.10 Protective Fans.

5.2.10.1 Where it is likely that material may fall from a building or a scaffold and where people are

working in, or passing in close proximity to the structure, a protective fan will be erected.

5.2.10.2 Protective fans will not be used to store scaffolding or other materials.

5.2.10.3 The protective fan shall not be more than 5 meters above ground level, shall be at least 2

meters wide and at an angle not exceeding 20°.

5.2.11 Check Fittings.

5.2.11.1 Without exception, check fittings will be used whenever a scaffold tube is punched up,

picked up, rakered or hanging.

5.2.12 Scaffold Loadings.

5.2.12.1 It is the responsibility of the approved scaffold supervisor to ensure that the scaffold

construction and strength is suitable for the purpose to which it shall be used.

5.2.12.2 Design calculations shall be submitted to the construction department for any scaffolding

other than a common access scaffold. The calculation will show both dead and live loading.

5.2.13 Scaffolding tag.

5.2.13.1 Scaffolding tag is a system of inspection whereby a weather proofed plasticized tag is placed

at all access points of a scaffold. Information on the tag will include the date built, safe

working load, initial inspectors name and signature and company. The tag(generally

green)indicates that the scaffold is "Safe to Use".



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5.2.13.2 Within a period not exceeding 7 days, the scaffold will be re-inspected by a competent

person (scaffolding supervisor) and a signature and date placed upon the tag. Where a

scaffold does not meet safety standards the tag will be removed and a prohibition notice

placed at the access to inform personnel not to use.

5.2.13.3 A separate record of all scaffold inspections will be kept in an approved scaffold register.

5.2.14 Traffic Movements.

5.2.14.1 Where a scaffold is erected in an area where it is likely to be struck by a vehicle, the base of

the scaffold shall be properly barrier off using solid barriers. The barrier shall be illuminated

with flashing warning lights during the hours of darkness.

5.3 Scaffold Types

5.3.1 Common access scaffolds shall be taken to mean:

5.3.1.1 Proprietary Scaffold.

5.3.1.2 Independent tied Scaffold.

5.3.1.3 Birdcage Scaffold.

5.3.1.4 Slung Scaffold.

5.3.1.5 Truss-out Scaffold.

5.3.1.6 Cantilever Scaffold.

5.3.2 Proprietary (system) Scaffold.

5.3.2.1 Where a system scaffold is being erected it shall be constructed in strict compliance with

manufacturers' instructions.

5.3.2.2 Different manufacturer's systems will not be intermixed, it is however permissible to use

standard tube and coupler with any one system.

5.3.2.3 A copy of the manufacturers' instructions shall be given to the HSE Department before any

system scaffold is erected.

5.3.2.4 Personnel who erect system scaffolds will be trained and competent to do so.

5.3.3 Independent Tied Scaffolds.

5.3.3.1 This consists of two rows of standards running parallel to a building joined together with

ledgers and transoms and adequately braced in two directions. In all respects they will

comply with the general requirements as specified in Section 5.1 and Section 5.2.

5.3.3.2 Independent tied scaffolds will not erected to a height of more than 50 meters without design

calculations being submitted to the Construction Department, by a competent scaffold

engineer.

5.3.4 Birdcage Scaffold.

5.3.4.1 Birdcage scaffolds are normally used for work in large buildings to provide access to ceilings

walls or soffits for light work e.g. painting, plastering and decorating. They have a single

working platform.



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5.3.4.2 Birdcage scaffolds are constructed in a grid pattern using standards arranged at regular

intervals in parallel lines.

5.3.4.3 The standards will be laced together with a grid of ledgers and transoms fixed by right angle

couplers at every lift. The transoms in the top working lift may be secured with putlog clips.

5.3.4.4 The first lift will be secured at a maximum height of 2.5 meters in each direction. Subsequent

lifts will not exceed 2 meters vertical height.

5.3.4.5 Braces will be provided for every six standards in each line, in both directions.

5.3.4.6 In all other respects, a birdcage scaffold will comply with the general requirements as

specified in Section 5.4.

5.3.5 Slung Scaffolds (Single lift only).

5.3.5.1 A grid platform of tubes and couplers suspended below load bearing beams, structural

member or other overhead structures.

5.3.5.2 In all instances, Construction Department will be consulted to ensure the integrity and

adequate strength of the suspension points.

5.3.5.3 Guardrails will not be used as supports for slung scaffolds.

5.3.5.4 Hangers will not be spaced more than 2.5 meters in either directions.

5.3.5.5 The imposed load will not exceed that specified for inspection and very light duties scaffold in

Table I of Annex 7.

5.3.5.6 Horizontal tubes used to support the hangers shall be secured to steelwork with swivel

couplers. These shall be used in pairs.

5.3.5.7 Vertical hanging tubes will be secured with right angle couplers. A check fitting will be fixed to

the hanging tube immediately above the securing right angle coupler, at the suspension point

and immediately underneath the right angle coupler securing the ledger, at the working

platform.

5.3.5.8 Adequate braces will be inserted to remove any sway in either direction.

5.3.6 Truss-out Scaffold.

5.3.6.1 A truss-out scaffold is an independent tied scaffold, constructed in accordance with BS 5973,

projecting from the face of a building or structure.

5.3.6.2 The supporting structure is known as a truss-out. These scaffolds are generally used where it

is impractical or inadvisable, to build up from ground levels e.g. for repairs to a parapet wall,

or for work on upper stories in a tall building on a busy street. They are entirely dependent on

the building/structure for support.

5.3.6.3 The building/structure must be examined to ensure that it is sound enough to take the

stresses involved in anchoring the scaffold.

5.3.6.4 Only trained and experienced scaffolder should be permitted to erect truss-out scaffolds.

5.3.6.5 Only intended for very light work and must not be loaded out with materials.

5.3.7 Cantilever Scaffold.



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5.3.7.1 A cantilever scaffold is an independent tied scaffold, constructed in accordance with BS 5973,

but erected on beams cantilevering out from the building.

5.3.7.2 The scaffold must be specifically designed and generally takes the form illustrated in Annex 7

5.3.7.3 The strength of the structure of the building should be checked to ensure that the loads

applied by the scaffold can be safely resisted.

5.3.7.4 Strict control must be exercised by the user on the loads transferred from cantilever scaffolds.

5.3.7.5 There should be full liaison between the designer and user on this matter and the drawings

and calculations should state the load limitation clearly.

5.3.8 Free Standing Tower/Mobile Scaffolds.

5.3.8.1 Free standing towers may be fitted with castors or wheels for mobility or erected as free

standing towers. They support a single working platform only, which shall not project beyond

the base area. Access to the platform shall be by vertical ladder lashed internal to the tower

at one of the shortest sides.

5.3.8.2 The maximum loading will not exceed that for Light Duty Scaffolding, unless the structure has

been designed by a competent engineer and design calculation submitted to the Construction

Department.

5.3.8.3 The smallest base dimension will be no less than 1.2 meters.

5.3.8.4 The height to base dimension will be as follows:

5.3.8.4.1 Mobile Towers.

5.3.8.4.1.1 No more than 3.5 times the minimum base dimension when used inside.

5.3.8.4.1.2 No more than 3.0 times the minimum base dimension when used outside.

5.3.8.4.2 Static Towers.

5.3.8.4.2.1 No more than 4.0 times the minimum base dimension when used inside.

5.3.8.4.2.2 No more than 3.5 times the minimum base dimension when used outside. (The

height to be measured in the above ratios is to platform level.)

5.3.8.5 The recommended maximum free-standing height for Mobile Towers is 9.6 meters and for

Static Towers is 12.0 meters.

5.3.8.6 If a Tower is likely to be exposed to high wind loadings, or where the maximum

recommended height to least base ratio is to be exceeded, the scaffold tower should be tied

to the structure or building, or designed to ensure stability with ground anchors, guys or

kentlegdes.

5.3.8.7 Mobile towers will only be used and moved on firm and level surfaces.

5.3.8.8 Castors or wheels will be used which suit the size and loading of the tower. They must be

fixed to each extreme corner in the base of mobile towers and secured so that they cannot fall

out when tower is moved.

5.3.8.9 Castor and wheels will be marked with their safe working load. They will be fitted with an

effective brake which must be applied when the mobile tower is in use.



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5.3.8.10 Lift heights will not exceed 2.7 meters, with the lowest lift being fixed as near to the base as

possible. Transoms and ledgers will be secured using right angle couplers.

5.3.8.11 Ledger to ledger (dog leg braces), will be fixed to the full height of the tower on every side.

5.3.8.12 Plan braces will be fixed at every alternate lift, using right angle couplers. The bottom lift and

the top lift will always be plan braced.

5.3.8.13 Under no circumstances will horizontal forces be applied at the level of the working platform

by pulling heavy cables or ropes.

5.3.8.14 Under no circumstances will mobile towers be moved with men or material on the working

platform.

5.3.8.15 In all other respects free standing towers will comply with the general requirements as

specified in this section.

5.3.9 Tanks & Other Vessels.

5.3.9.1 Where a scaffold is erected around tanks or other spherical vessels, it will be permissible to

cape and corner (overlap) the boards forming the working platform.

5.3.9.2 Fixed ladders with backing hoops which normally provide access to the tank or vessel will not

be used as scaffold access ladders.

5.3.9.3 In all respects with the exception of the above, the scaffold will comply with the general

requirements as specified in Section 5.1 and 5.2.

5.4 Erection of Scaffolding

5.4.1 Scaffolds shall be erected by workmen deemed competent to carry out such activities.

5.4.2 All such competent workmen shall operate under the control of a competent supervisor. Whenever

possible, competent workmen erecting the scaffold will work from the minimum of a two board run. It

is not acceptable for scaffolder to be perched on tubes, unless a fall arrest device is provided and

secured to a suitable anchorage point at all times.

5.4.3 Ladders will be properly lashed throughout the vertical height of a scaffold as it progresses.

Workmen, erecting the scaffold will use the ladders to gain access to the working level.

5.4.4 Tubes or boards being used in the construction of the scaffold will be stored flat in a neat and tidy

manner. They will not be stacked vertically against the scaffold.

5.4.5 Loose tubes or boards will not be left on scaffolding after its completion.

5.4.6 Where men are erecting a slung or cantilevered section or crawling around on a pipe bridge or other

structural steelwork they will, in all instances, where there is a possibility of falling more than 2

meters, wear a safety belt(or harness) and life line which will be hooked off at all times.

5.4.7 Where a scaffold is left in an incomplete state, the bottom ladder will be removed and a notice will be

secured to the lower lift stating ' Danger Incomplete Scaffold. Keep Off'.

5.4.8 Where one section of a working platform is incomplete, access may be gained to the completed

section provided that a stop end, preventing entry, is placed over the working platform at guardrail



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height. A notice stating 'Danger Incomplete Scaffold, Keep Off' will be secured to the stop end. This

notice will be in the appropriate languages.

5.5 Dismantling of Scaffolding

5.5.1 DO.

5.5.1.1 Clear all materials and debris of platforms before dismantling commences.

5.5.1.2 Dismantle in the reverse order of erection-last up, first down.

5.5.1.3 Lower all scaffolding components carefully to the ground.

5.5.1.4 Stack, clean and check whilst dismantling.

5.5.1.5 Dispose of any damaged components.

5.5.2 DO NOT.

5.5.2.1 Remove any ties or braces in advance of general dismantling-it may be necessary to provide

additional ties to give stability during dismantling.

5.5.2.2 Overload platforms with stacked fittings or tubes.

5.5.2.3 Throw tubes, fittings and platforms to the ground.

6 DISMANTLE - DON'T DEMOLISH

6.1 Inspection of Scaffolding

6.1.1 All scaffolds must be inspected prior to use-after erection and each day.

6.1.2 All scaffolds must be re-inspected after alterations or after severe weather conditions.

6.1.3 All scaffolds must be inspected every seven days and a entry made in a scaffold register.

6.2 Scaffold Users

6.2.1 Scaffolds will be used for the purpose to which they have been erected. Under no circumstances will

they be overloaded.

6.2.2 Scaffold users will under no circumstances interfere with, modify or remove any part of a scaffold

(this includes scaffold boards). Interferences with a scaffold will result in disciplinary action.

6.2.3 If a scaffold requires modification it will be carried out by an approved scaffolder on the instruction of

the approved scaffold supervisor.

6.2.4 If for any reason a user considers a scaffold to be unsafe, they will immediately contact their

supervisor. The supervisor will immediately remove the scaffold tag and place barrier tape through

the lower rungs of the first access ladder. The supervisor will then notify the scaffolding supervisor.



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7 ANNEX

7.1 Table 1 Tube & Coupler Scaffolds Standards

7.2 General Scaffold Components

7.3 Independent Tied Scaffold

7.4 Through Tie and Reveal Tie

7.5 Birdcage Scaffold

7.6 Truss-out Scaffold

7.7 Cantilever Scaffold

7.8 Warning for frame scaffolding

7.9 Basic ass’y methods for frame scaffolding

7.10 Strength analysis for frame scaffolding

7.11 Scaffold Register



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[ANNEX 7.1 Table 1. Tube & Coupler Scaffold Standards]

Table 1 Tube & Coupler Scaffold Standards

Duty. Use of Platform.

Distributed

loads on

platforms

(KN/㎡).

Commonly used

widths using 225㎜

boards.

Max. bay

length

(m)

Inspection and

very light duty

Inspection, painting, stone,

cleaning, light cleaning,

cleaning and access.

0.75 3 boards. 2.7

Light duty Plastering, painting, stone

cleaning, glazing and

pointing.

1.50 4 boards. 2.4

General purpose General building work

including brickwork, window

and mullion fixing, rendering,

plastering.

2.00 5 boards or

4 boards +

1 inside

2.1

Heavy duty Block work, brickwork, heavy

cladding

2.50 5 boards or

5 boards +

1 inside or

4 boards +

1 inside.

2.0

Masonry or

special duty

Masonry works, concrete

block work, and very heavy

cladding.

3.00 6 to 8 boards 1.8



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[ANNEX 7.2] General Scaffold Components.

< Couplers >

Right angle coupler. - a load-bearing

coupler used to join tubes at right angles.

Universal coupler. - a load-bearing coupler

for joining tubes at right angles or in

parallel.

Putlog coupler. - a coupler used for fixing

a putlog or transom to a ledger, or to

connect a tube used only as a guardrail to

a standard.

Brace coupler. - a coupler used for fixing

braces which may be a right angle coupler

or any other capable of sustaining a safe

working load of 5Kn.

Swivel coupler. - a load-bearing coupler

for joining tubes at any angle when the

use of a right coupler is not possible.

Stair tread coupler. - an attachment fitted

on tubes to provide support for treads in

making an access stairway in a scaffold or

temporary structure.



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Finial coupler. - a fitting which permits

tubes to be joined in the same plane e.g.

handrails at the top of standards.

Sleeve coupler. - An external coupler used

to join one tube to another coaxially.

< Plate >

Base plate. - A metal plate with a spigot

for distributing the load from a standard or

raker or other load-bearing tube.

Adjustable base plate. - A metal base

plate embodying a screw jack.

Fixed. Swivel.



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< Pin >

Reveal Pin. - A fitting used for tightening a

reveal-tube between two opposing

surfaces.

Joint pin. - An expanding fitting placed in

the bore of a tube to connect one tube to

another coaxially, in compression only.

< Clip >

Toe board clip. - A clip used for attaching

toe boards to tubes.

< Head >

Fork head. - A support bracket for a timber

bearer or joist used at the top of a scaffold

tube or on an adjustable leg.



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[ANNEX 7.3] Independent Tied Scaffold

Independent Tied Scaffolds

Timber Sole Boards219×35㎜*(Minimum)



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[ANNEX 7.4] Through Tie and Reveal Tie

Through tie for independent tied scaffold.

A normal form of reveal tie.

Secured Packing

Ledger bracing.

Tie fixed with right angle couplers and

placed close to the window reveal.

Tie should be attached to the reveal

tube within 150㎜ of the end opposite to

the reveal pin, whether the latter is in

the vertical or horizontal position.

Ledger Bracing.

Right angle

couplers only to

be used

Timber Packing.

Reveal

Pin.



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[ANNEX 7.5] Birdcage Scaffold

Birdcage scaffolds. - With birdcage scaffolds the floor of the building has to

carry the full weight of the scaffold and its load Soleplates are therefore

necessary to help distribute the load as widely as possible - and they should

always be set at right angles to beams or joists.



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[ANNEX 7.6] Truss-out Scaffold.

Typical truss-out independent tied scaffold.

Single Lift truss-out scaffold.

Façade bracing.

Tie tube with anchor.

Reveal Screws or

adjustable base plates.

X Marks position of check couplers above

puncheon fixing, below raker fixing at

outer end of transom.

Lintel.

Timber packing on sill.

Packing in here, or protect wall with

plastic cap to tube.

Bridle.

Timber Packing or

wedgin.



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[ANNEX 7.7 Cantilever Scaffold]

Inverted forkhead.

Physical stop or standard.

150㎜ min. distance from beam end.Timber packing beneath fullength of steel joist cantilever.

RSJ

Tubular props or scaffold tube

strutting to suit loading.

Tie.

Façade bracing.Strut bracing.

A Cantilever Scaffold is an

independent tied scaffold but erected

on beams cantilevering out from a

building.

The scaffold should be specially

designed and generally takes the

form illustrated here.

The strength of the structure of the

building should be checked to

ensure that the loads applied by the

scaffold can be safely resisted.

The strictest control should be

exercised by the user on the loads

transferred from cantilever scaffolds.

There should be full liaison between

the designer and user on this matter


Contract PO No.: CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION SAFETY PROCEDURE FOR

SCAFFOLDING


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[ANNEX 7.8 Warning for Frame Scaffolding]



SCAFFOLDING


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[ANNEX 7.9 Basic Ass’y Methods for Frame Scaffolding]

A3 (419 X 297 mm)

1. STANDARD INSTALLATION OF SCAFFOLDING

BASIC ASS'Y METHOD FOR FRAME SCAFFOLDING

NOTE

1.Walk way material : wooden or aluminum.2.Maximum 3-persons on 1-frame.3.Every pipe leg should be have a jack base to adjust the vertical level of scaffolding.4.The hand rail will be installed using pipe/angle & clamp.

2. TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT

Ø



SCAFFOLDING


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A3 (419 X 297 mm)

3. MOBILE TYPE



SCAFFOLDING


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A3 (419 X 297 mm)

4. CLASSIFIED BY STEP




SCAFFOLDING


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A3 (419 X 297 mm)

4. CLASSIFIED BY STEP



SCAFFOLDING


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[ANNEX 7.10 Strength analysis for frame scaffolding]



SCAFFOLDING


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[ANNEX 7.11 Scaffold Register]

2.0 1.0 SCAFFOLD REGISTER

This register must be completed by a qualified and authorized person pursuant to the Country

regulations, in which the scaffold is to be erected, used, maintained and dismantled.

The qualified and authorized person must be approved by HANWHA and appointed in writing.

2.1. 1.1 Erection

Contractors Name. Site Location.

Date of Erection. Type of Scaffold.

Erected by. Height of Scaffold.

Supervised by. Scaffold Usage.

Designed by. Type of Ties.

2.2. 1.2 Results of Scaffold Inspection

Inspection

Date.

Results of Inspection.

Enter details of any defects observed.(If no

defects, enter “In good order”)

Inspectors Name. Signature.

2.3. 1.3 Scaffold hand over (Safe for Use)

Hand over Date. Authorized Person’s Name. Position. Signature.

Hand over To. Supervisors Name. Position. Signature.



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2.4. 1.4 Dismantling

Date of Dismantling. Supervised by.

Checklist 1 : Erection of the Scaffold.

Worksite :

Location Scaffold Supervisor

Inspected by Date

Item. Yes No Action/Comments.

1. Have warning notices stating “SCAFFOLD INCOMPLETE,

DO NOT USE” been fixed in prominent positions while

erection is in progress?

2. Where the scaffold is not erected onto a solid foundation,

have sole boards been placed and are they of the correct

thickness and lengths?

3. Have all standards been fitted with base plates?

4. Are the standards placed at their correct distances from

each other and from the structure they are serving?

5. Are standards plumb?

6. Are connections between standards and ledgers made

with right-angle couplers?

7. Are ledgers and transoms truly horizontal and correctly

spaced, particularly at decking-out level?

8. Are boards for work platforms of correct thickness, length

and width for the intended purpose of the scaffold?

9. Are the boards laid close together side-by-side and butting

close to each other to make a level platform?

10. If over-lapping boards are used, are the over-laps at

least 300㎜ and fillet pieces fitted of adequate cross-

section so that the change in level is gradual?



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11. Do the boards over-sail their last support by not more

than four-times their thickness or not less than 50㎜.


12. Are precautions being taken to hold down boards

against high winds?

13. Are toe boards provided and securely fastened in

position?

14. Are guardrails fitted and connected to standards at

working platform levels?

15. Are ledgers and diagonal bracing connected end-to-

end?

16. Is standards connected end-to-end with either sleeve

couplers or joint pins?

17. Is end-to-end connection in members staggered in

adjacent bays and adjacent pairs so that joints in similar

members do not occur close together?

18. If the scaffold is erected over a public access, has a

safety net of close-mesh wire or a fan of boards been

erected to prevent articles and debris dislodged from the

scaffold falling on to the public access?

19. Are ladders provided to give access to every working

platform?

20. Are ladders rising less than 9 m vertically between

landings?

21. Are the ladders projecting at least 1 m above the level of

the landing?

22. Are the ladders securely lashed to the scaffold at top

and firmly supported on their base so that no accidental

displacement can take place?

23. Is the angle of the ladder approximately four units

vertically to one unit horizontally?

24. Is the scaffold connected to any other structure and

adequately tied in?

25. Have any hazards that may affect workers on the

scaffold been noted?



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26. If the scaffold is to be used for a special purpose, has a

Professional Engineer been consulted and this advice

followed?

Note:

a. If items 1 to 26 above are complied with, insert the status tag “Scaffold Complete Safe for

Use” to cover the warning notice in item 1. Above.

b. Fill in the required information on items a), b) in the Scaffold Register.

Checklist 2: Scaffold in Use

Worksite :


Inspected by Date


1. Are status tags stating “SCAFFOLD COMPLETE” SAFE

FOR USE” fixed in prominent positions after inspection

and approval for the scaffold to be used?

2. Has the scaffold been inspected within the last 7 days

and the Scaffold Register completed to include any

changes to the scaffold?

3. Are standards plumb, as observed from base level?

4. Are ledgers and transoms horizontal, as observed?

5. Is all bracing complete?

6. Are tie-ins to the structure correctly installed in sufficient

number and correct position to ensure the stability of the

scaffold?

7. Are all fittings tight and undamaged?

8. Are there any excavations or new constructions which

may affect the stability of the scaffold?

9. Are precautions being taken to prevent accidental

damage to the scaffold by traffic or other causes?



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10. Are ladders giving access to working platforms securely

fixed top and bottom, complete and undamaged in

anyway?

11. Are working platforms, access ways and landings

cleared off any obstructions, loose objects and tripping

hazards?


27. Are materials, temporarily stored on the platform,

dispersed so as not to cause a concentration of load in

excess of that permitted?

28. Is the scaffold being used only for its intended purpose?

Note:

a. If any of the above items 2 to 13 are not completed with, remove the status tag in item 1. to

show the warning sign “SCAFFOLD INCOMPLETE, DO NOT USE”.

b. Fill in the required information on item B. of the Scaffold Register.

c. Inform Company’s and Subcontractors’ discipline supervisor of the status of the particular

scaffold.



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Checklist 3: Dismantling the Scaffold

Worksite :


Inspected by Date


1. Have warning notices stating “SCAFFOLD

INCOMPLETE. DO NOT USE” been fixed in prominent

positions before dismantling the scaffold?

2. Have barricades been erected to restrict access to the

scaffold?

3. Are all personnel, not involved in the actual dismantling,

removed from the site of the scaffold?

4. Are all local hazards such as lighting poles, electric and

telephone wires, etc., been identified and allowed for?

5. Have any adjacent temporary structures which may be

affected by the removal of the scaffold been checked for

safety?

6. Have you inspected the site of the scaffold and taken

note of the effects to the other scaffolds in the vicinity?

1.scaffolding procedure

Documents

water projectcontract

installation

independent

minimum base

safe working

single working

danger incomplete

load bearing