2 introduction to biotechnology

8/16/2019 2 Introduction to Biotechnology

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Introduction to Biotechnology

Anas Bahnassi


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Course Overview

• Introduction to Biotechnology.

• Review of genetics.

•

Recombinant DNA technology.• Mutagenesis.

• Recombinant DNA applications.

• Pharmacogenetics and Gene therapy.


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Biotechnology

A field of applied biology that involves the use of

living organisms and bioprocesses inengineering, technology, medicine and other

fields requiring bioproducts.Biotechnology also utilizes these products for

manufacturing purpose.

Modern use of similar terms includes geneticengineering as well as cell and tissue culturetechnologies.


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What does Biotechnology do?

Use molecular biology to develop useful products

and services

Applications of Biotech:

• Drugs + Diagnostics

• Enhance crops.

• Industrial processes.

– Energy production.

– Waste degradation.

– Environmental remediation.

– Unresolved safety concerns.


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Pillars of Biotechnology

Scientific AbilitiesIntellectual

Properties

Regulations Commercial Factors

Commercial

Biotechnology


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Ecology

Physiology

MolecularBiology

Species and

groups of

animals,

plants, andmicrobes

•The structures thatcompose animals,

plants, and

microbes

• How these

structures interact

with each otherand the

environment

• Pharmacology

• Neurology

• Immunology

• The chemical and

physical interactions

within individual cells• The processes that

underlie physiology,

botany, etc.

• What distinguishes

heart from hair

cells?• How is food

processed into

energy and

physiological

structures?

Elements of

Biotechnology


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Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Biotechnology emphasize on DRUGS:• Drugs are less expensive than hospital treatments

– Save healthcare payers time and money

• Drugs are the only effective treatment for some conditions

–

Fill unmet market needs• Post R&D, drug production costs can be very low

– High markup

– Years of patent-protected sales

• Interrupting biological processes is easier than modifying orcreating them

• Cost to develop non-drugs may be similar to drugs, but profits aresmaller


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Pharmaceutical vs Biotech Drugs

• Synthetic (Pharmaceutical) Drugs – Chemically synthesized

– Typically small and water soluble

– Can withstand stomach acids andenter bloodstream

• Biologic (Biotechnology) Drugs – Biologically synthesized

– Typically large proteins, not

necessarily water soluble – Cannot withstand stomach acids

– Cannot cross into bloodstream


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Drug Delivery Systems

Implants

Liposomes

Patches

Dosed


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Delivering Biologics

• Challenge – Must invest in developing effective delivery methods

– Patient compliance

•

Opportunity – Possible to increase efficacy, safety

– Patches and favorable dosage regimens can improvecompliance

Selling twice as much drug by doubling adoptionand compliance selling two drugs, without the cost

of developing two drugs


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Biotech in Drug Development

Injected insulin directly supplements an insufficiency indiabetics

• Prior to 1982, insulin was primarily extracted from pig pancreas

– 50 pigs sacrificed to produce sufficient insulin for one person for one year

– Risk of disease transmission, shortages, immune system rejection

• Use gene splicing to insert human insulin gene into bacteria – Plentiful supply

– No risk of animal disease transmission

– Reduced risk of immune system rejection

Traditional pharmaceutical methods involve chemical synthesis andbiological extracts and pharmaceuticals are often indirect effectors

Biotechnology uses biological synthesis and biologics are often directeffectors


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Scientific Abilities

The Pathway from Science to Drugs

Identify

Target

Find and

Refine

Drug

Pre-

clinical

Trials

Clinical

Trials

Market

and Sell

Drug


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Regulations

Clinical Trials


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Clinical Trials Provide Value Milestones


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R&D is required to reduce risk and

increase the product value


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[email protected]

http://www.linkedin.com/in/abahnassi

attribution – non-commercial – share alike

Anas Bahnassi PhD RPh

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

http://www.slideshare.net/abahnassi

http://twitter.com/abahnassi

http://www.udemy.com/biotechnology

2 introduction to biotechnology

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