1 | P a g eOBJECTIVES OF ATOMIC STRUCTUREChemistry Module 2009@ Hak Milik JPN Pahang12 | P a g eChemistry Module 2009@ Hak Milik JPN Pahang23 | P a g eA. Matter 1. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.Matter eists in three states ! solid"liquid and gas.2. Matter is made up o# ti! and discrete particles.$. %n atom is the smallest particle o# an element that can participate in a chemical reaction.&. %n io is a positi'ely(charged or negati'ely(charged particle.). Particles in matter are in motion.*. "i##usio occurs +hen particles o# a su,stance mo'e in ,et+een the particles o# another su,tance.-. .i##usion o# matter occurs most rapidl! i gases$ slo%er i liquids ad slo%est i solids"due to the di##erent arrangement and mo'ement o# particles in the three states o# matter./. 0he kinetic theory o# matter.State o# Matter C&aracteristicsolid liquid gasArragemeto# particlesare packedclosel!together in anorderl!mannerarepackedcloselytogether ,utnot in orderly manner1ery#ar apartandinarandom motionForces o#attractio2trong #orces 2trong #orces ,ut +eaker than the#orces in a solid3eak #orcesMo'emet o#particlesParticles'i(rateandrotatea,out their#i)edpositonParticles'i(rate$ rotate admo'e throughout the li4uid.0heycollide against each otherParticles'i(rate$ rotatead mo'e #reel!. 0herate o# collision is greaterthan in li4uidS&ape * 'olume ( has a #ied 'olume andshape( has a #ied 'olume and #ollo+sthe shape o# the container.oes not ha'e a #iedshape o# 'olumecompressi(ilit! Cannot ,e compressed Cannot ,e compressed easily Can ,e compressedeasilyChemistry Module 2009@ Hak Milik JPN Pahang34 | P a g e9. 0he change in heat changes the state o# matter.10. 3hen a su,stance is &eated" the particles gai +ietic eerg! and mo'e #aster.11. 3hen a su,stance is cooled" the particles loss t&eir +ietic eerg! and mo'e slo+er. E)amples o# Acti'ities1.5igure 1 ,elo+ sho+s the heating cur'e o# a pure su,stance at room temperature and pressure.0emperature6oC72 01198 9 P 0ime 6 minute 5igure 1:a;.escri,e the mo'ement o# the particles o# the pure su,stance at stage P8 o# the cur'e distilling2 > crystallising0> ,oiling 7 > melting:,;3hat +ill occur i# matter undergoes a change o# state 1 mar? @Dra7 t'e ele&tron arrangement o6 atom DLukiskan susunan elektr#n bagi at#m ( >1 mark@Chemistry Module 2009@ Hak Milik JPN Pahang3334 | P a g eAnswer o 8uestio 11 4a5 4i5 80 oC 1104ii5 oli, an, liEui, 14iii5 Feat energ! is use, to "rea? t'e "on, "et7een parti&les 24i%514"5 4i5 um o6 t'e num"er o6 proton an, neutron in t'e atom 14ii5 D an, + 14iii5 Bot' o6 t'e atoms 'a%e same proton num"er "ut ,i66erent in nu&leon num"er14i%5 2 : 4 14%51Chemistry Module 2009@ Hak Milik JPN Pahang3435 | P a g eQuestion 30he 0a,le ,elo+s sho+s the proton num,er o# t+o elements F and K. (adual di ba.a menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur X dan 4. :a; .ra+ the atomic structure o# atom F. 1ukis struktur atom bagi atom X N1 mark5 :,; :i;%tom o# element F has isotopes. 3hat is meant ,y isotopes< -tom unsur X mempunyai isotop. -paka yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop& N1 mark5 :ii; 2tate one eample o# an isotope. 'yatakan satu conto isotop. N1 mark5 4"5 :i; %tom o# element K has a nucleon num,er o# 2$. Calculate the num,er o# neutrons in atom K. -tom unsur 4 mempunyai nombor nukleon 2$. 2itungkan bi!angan neutron bagi atom 4.N1 mark5 :ii; 3rite the standard representation o# atom K. Tuliskan simbol atom 4. N1 mark5 Chemistry Module 2009@ Hak Milik JPN Pahang3536 | P a g e:d; Methanol is an organic compound +ith melting point o#(9- 6# and ,oiling point o#*2 6#. 7 8tanol iala satu sebatianorganik dengan takat lebur (9- 6# dan takat didi *) 6#.:i; 3hat is the physical state o# methanol at room temperature