2

Subpart Z - Toxic & Hazardous Substances (1910.1000 - 1450)

FY2006

645

349

348

255

11551200(e)(1)

1200(h)(1)

1200(h)

1200(g)(1)

1200(f)(5)(i)

Hazard Communication - Written program

Hazard Communication - Information & training

Hazard Communication - Label identification

Hazard Communication - Training initially & for new hazards

Hazard Communication - Material Safety Data Sheets

Sta

nd

ard

: 19

10.

Objectives

• Hazard Communication Program

• Labels and other forms of warnings

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• Information and training

• Health Hazards

Purpose• The purpose of the standard

is to make sure that the

hazards of chemicals are

evaluated

• That information concerning

their hazards is

communicated to employers

and employees

Who is covered• OSHA’s Hazard Communication

(HazCom) standard applies to general

industry, shipyard, marine terminals,

longshoring, and construction employment

and covers chemical manufacturers,

importers, employers, and employees

exposed to chemical hazards.

Horizontal

Background

• The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is

based on a simple concept--that employees

have both a need and a right to know the

hazards and identities of the chemicals they are

exposed to when working

Need Plant Specific

Background

• They also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring

• The HCS is designed to provide employees with the information they need

MSDS

Employer Requirements-Written Program

• Employers must develop a written program that

covers at least:

– Labels and other forms of warnings

– Material Safety Data Sheets

– Employee Information and Training

Employer Requirements-Written Program

• Employers must develop a written program that covers at

least:

– A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the

facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical

– The methods the employer will use to

inform employees of the hazards non-

routine tasks

– The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled

pipes

Multi-Employer Workplaces• If employees of other employers could be

exposed to hazardous chemicals the program

must include:

– Methods to provide contractor employees with on-

site access to MSDS for each chemical those

workers may be exposed to

– The methods used to inform other employers of any

precautionary measures to be taken for normal and

emergency situations

– The employers chemical labeling system

Consumer Products Exemption• Any consumer product as defined in the

Consumer Product Safety Act where the employer can show that: – It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended

– The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure which is not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended

Written Program Availability• The employer must make the written program available,

upon request, to: – Employees and their designated representatives

• Where work is carried out at more than one location, the program may be kept at the main location

Labels, Tags and Markings• The employer must ensure that each container of

hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following:– Identity of the hazardous chemical

– Appropriate hazard warnings

• This above labeling information is required of the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the original labels from the manufacturer are on all containers and remain legible

Labels – NFPA Diamond

• RED - Flammability

• BLUE - Health

• YELLOW - Reactivity

• WHITE - Special

• RED - Flammability

• BLUE - Health

• YELLOW - Reactivity

• WHITE - Special

{NFPA – National Fire Protection Association}

Labels - Health Hazard

• What the numbers show0 = No hazard

1 = Slight hazard

2 = Dangerous

3 = Extreme danger

4 = Deadly

Labels – FlammabilityLabels – Flammability

Based on Flash Point {the temperature at which a material gives off enough vapors to sustain ignition}

• What the numbers show

0 = Will not burn

1 = Ignites above 200 degrees F

2 = Ignites below 200 degrees F

3 = Ignites below 100 degrees F

4 = Ignites below 73 degrees F

Labels - Reactivity

• What the numbers show0 = Stable

1 = Normally Stable

2 = Unstable

3 = Explosive

4 = May detonate

Labels - Special Hazard

● What the letters showWhat the letters show• OXOX = Oxidizer= Oxidizer• ACIDACID = Acid= Acid• ALKALK = Alkali= Alkali• CORCOR= Corrosive= Corrosive• WW = Use No Water= Use No Water• = Radioactive= Radioactive

Labels - HMIS

Protective Equipment

A = safety glassesB = safety glasses + glovesC = safety glasses + gloves

+ synthetic apronD-Z = etc.......

BlueBlue

RedRed

YellowYellow

WhiteWhite

{HMIS – Hazard Material Information System}

Container Labeling Exemption for Portable Containers

• The employer is not required to label portable

containers into which hazardous chemicals are

transferred from labeled containers, and which

are intended only for the immediate use by

the employee who performs the transfer

The employer need not affix new labels to comply

with the standard ifexisting labels already covey

the required information

New Hazard Information• Manufacturers, importers,

distributors and employers who become newly aware of significant information regarding chemical hazards shall:– Revise the labels for the

chemical within three months

– Revise the MSDS for the chemical within three months

MSDS kept in other forms• MSDS may be kept in any form including

operating procedures

• It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals

Employee Information and Training

• Employers must provide employees

information and training on hazardous

chemicals in their work area:

– At the time of their initial assignment

– Whenever a new physical or health hazard the

employees have not previously been trained about

is introduced into their work area

• Training may cover categories of hazards

Employee Information

• Employers must inform employees:– Of the training requirements of this section

(1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.);

– Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present;

– The location and availability of the written hazard communication program

Employee Training• Employee training shall include at least:

– The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area

– The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area

– Measures employees can take to protect themselves

– Details of the employers specific program

Chemical ExposureSeverity & Duration

• “Acute” effects usually occur rapidly as a result

of short-term exposures, and are of short

duration

• “Chronic” effects generally occur as a result of

long-term exposure, and are of long duration

Corrosive

• Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to

body tissue

• Acids

• Caustics (or bases)

pH Scale

1 147

AcidsCaustics (or bases)

• Inhalation - most common

• Skin absorption

• Ingestion

• Injection

Routes of Exposure

Toxicity vs. hazard - toxicity is used to describe the ability of the substance to cause a harmful effect. Everything is toxic at some dose.

Health Hazards

Toxicity vs. Dose - There is a balance between toxicity and dose. Dose is the amount of something the individual is exposed to or comes in contact with. The lower the toxicity, the greater the dose that can be tolerated without ill effects. The greater the toxicity, the lower the dose that can be tolerated without ill effects.

Health Hazards

• Time Weighted Average (TWA) based on an 8 hour day.

• Ceiling Limits based on maximum exposure.

• Exposure Limits are established for all chemicals.

Chemical Exposure Limits

• Major Types– Corrosives - cause tissue damage and burns on

contact with skin or eyes– Primary Irritants - cause intense redness or

swelling of skin or eyes on contact. No permanent tissue damage

– Sensitizers - cause an allergic skin or lung reaction

– Acutely Toxic Materials - cause an adverse effect even at very low doses

– Carcinogens - may cause cancer– Teratogens - may cause birth defects– Organ Specific hazards - damage to specific

organ systems such as liver or lungs

Health Hazards

• Training and communication - knowing how to work safely with chemicals that pose a hazard - i.e. bulletins, MSDS, etc.. THE RIGHT TO KNOW

• Environmental monitoring - Industrial Hygiene air sampling

• Personal monitoring - check yourself and co-workers for symptoms - i.e. skin rashes, eye or throat irritation, strong odors

Health Hazards

Chemicals Used During Sanitation

• Detergents

• Disinfectants

• Sterilants

General Characteristics of Detergents

ALCOHOLS (Isopropyl or Ethyl Alcohol)Wide germicidal activity, non corrosive, but poses a fire hazard. Limited residual activity due to evaporation. Alcohols provide limited activity in the presence of organic matter. Not considered effective against bacterial or fungal spores. Excellent for disinfecting instruments or other small objects. Too expensive for general use in the hatchery. Must use as a 70-95% concentration for effectiveness.

HALOGENS (Iodines or hypochlorites)Provide wide germicidal activity but are corrosive. Limited activity when in the presence of organic matter. Poor residual activity, low toxicity, but may stain surfaces. Not effective as sporocidal agents. Effective at low concentrations for disinfecting clean, small objects. Low cost but requires frequent applications.

General Characteristics of Detergents

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDSLimited germicidal range. Not sporocidal, effective against vegetative bacteria, fungi and viruses. Reduced efficiency in the presence of organic matter. Limited effectiveness in soaps, detergents and hard water salts. Non-irritating, non-corrosive and low toxicity. Residual activity is limited by the amount of recontamination. Good disinfectant for use on cleaned surfaces. Low cost.

PHENOLICS (Single or Multiple)Wide germicidal range, not sporocidal. Low toxicity and low corrosiveness. Very effective in the presence of organic matter. Good residual activity and deodorizer. Low to moderate cost.

General Characteristics of Detergents

COAL TAR DISTILLATES ( Cresol and Cresylic Acid) Wide germicidal activity, not sporocidal. Corrosive and toxic at high concentrations. Excellent residual activity with heavy odor. Highly efficient in presence of organic matter. Not well suited for use near eggs or chicks due to noxious gases. Moderately expensive.

ALDEHYDES (Glutaraldehyde)Wide germicidal activity, sporocidal and fungicidal. Slight to moderate efficiency in presence of organic matter. Slight residual activity. Moderately toxic. Moderate cost.

General Characteristics of Detergents

OXIDIZING AGENTS (Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Permanganate)

Moderate to wide germicidal activity, not sporocidal.

Rendered ineffective in the presence of organic matter.

Moderately corrosive, limited toxicity.

Poor to limited residual activity.

More valuable as a cleansing and deodorizing agent.

Moderate cost.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)are one of the most important tools

available to employers for providing information, and protectionto workers from hazardous chemicals

which are used in the workplace.

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information

• Identity of the chemical

• Physical and chemical characteristics

• Physical hazards

• Chemical hazards

• Primary routes of entry

• PEL’s or other exposure limits

• Control measures

• Emergency procedures

• Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens

• precautions for safe handling and use

• Date of preparation

• Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor

May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)

29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.

Form Approved

OMB No. 1218-0072

IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that.

Section I

Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Information

Date Prepared

Signature of Preparer (optional)

Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;

Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

Limits

Recommended %(optional)

Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate(Butyl Acetate = 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance and Odor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LELUEL

Extinguishing Media

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Section V - Reactivity Data

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

HazardousPolymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid

Will Not Occur

Section VI - Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated?

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by Exposure

Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing

Other Precautions

Section VIII - Control Measures

Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)

Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Mechanical (General) Other

Protective Gloves Eye Protection

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Work/Hygienic Practices

Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

• Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous chemicals in the workplace

• Determine if you have received material safety data sheets for all of them

• If any are missing, contact your supplier and request one

• You should not allow employees to use any chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS

Health Hazard Controls

• Product substitution

• Ventilation

• PPE

OSHA’s ChecklistAre employees trained in the safe handling practices of hazardous chemicals such as acids, caustics, ammonia etc? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Is employee exposure to chemicals kept within acceptable levels? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments:

Are eye wash fountains and safety showers provided in areas where corrosive chemicals are handled? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Are all containers, such as vats, and storage tanks labeled as to their contents and with appropriate hazard warnings? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: Are flammable or toxic chemicals kept in closed containers when not in use? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Are chemical piping systems clearly marked as to their content? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Have standard operating procedures been established, and are they being followed when cleaning up chemical spills? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Are employees prohibited from eating in areas where hazardous chemicals are present? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

OSHA’s ChecklistIf hazardous substances are used in the processes, is there a medical or biological monitoring system in operation? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Are the employer and employees aware of the Threshold Limit Values or Permissible Exposure Limits of airborne contaminants and physical agents used in your workplace? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Have control procedures been instituted for hazardous materials, where appropriate, such as respirators, ventilation systems, and handling practices? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Whenever possible, are hazardous substances handled in properly designed and exhausted booths or similar locations? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Do you use general dilution or local exhaust ventilation systems to control dusts (feathers and feces), vapors, gases, fumes, smoke, solvents or mists which may be generated in your workplace? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Do employees complain about dizziness, headaches, nausea, irritation, or other factors of discomfort when they are exposed to dusts (feathers and feces), vapors, gases, fumes, smoke, solvents or mists? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

OSHA’s Checklist

Is there a dermatitis problem? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Do employees complain about dryness, irritation, or sensitization of the skin? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Has employer utilized an industrial hygienist or environmental health specialist to evaluate the operation? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

If internal combustion engines are used, is carbon monoxide kept within acceptable levels? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Is vacuuming used, rather than blowing or sweeping dusts whenever possible for clean-up?[  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

Are materials which give off toxic, asphyxiant, or anesthetic vapors or fumes, stored in remote or isolated locations when not in use, e.g. bulk ammonia storage? [  ]Always  [  ]Usually [  ]Sometimes  [  ]Never [  ]N/A Comments: 

CPL 2-2.38D

• March 30, 1998

• Inspection Procedures for the Hazard Communication Standard

CPL 2-2.38D3/30/98

Summary

• Manufacturers must assess hazards of chemicals.

• Distributors must transmit hazard information to employers.

• Employers must provide information to workers.