WORLD OFWORK

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sedentary = a job that involves a lot of sitting downmanual = a job that involves using your handsself-employment = working for oneself as a freelance or being the owner of a businesspart-time = when you do fewer than the usual hours of a working weekfull-time = when you do all of the usual hours of a working weektemporary = lasting for a short timepermanent = lasting for a long time or foreverblue-collar workers = those who perform manual labour. The name comes from the early 20th century when these workers woreresistant fabrics of darker colours (e.g. blue denim or blue uniforms). They preferred these clothes because they usually got them dirtyat work and often couldn’t afford to wash them frequently because of low wages.white-collar workers = those who work in an office. The name comes from older times, too, when office workers usually wore white,collared shirts at work. White-collar jobs examples include people in finance jobs or administration.

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Your can work over the summer in your home country or abroad where you can improve your language skills! To keepyourself fit over the summer and to enjoy the weather, you could become a dog walker in your neighbourhood or adog sitter while dog owners are on holidays. You could also work at a camp and organise fun activities for youngerchildren. Or perhaps you could be a nanny, au pair or babysitter! Sometimes host families offer full board and pocketmoney and to cover your travel expenses. If you're good at persuading people, you could work for a local charity andraise money for good cause! If you prefer physical work, you could work as a fruit picker and employers often providefree or cheap accommodation. In case you're more of a social butterfly and a food lover, you can find a job at arestaurant, café or fast-food chain. However, if you prefer something more sedentary, you could become a member ofstaff at a hotel and your duties could include answering the phone, helping the customers, do the check-in/check-out,etc.

a posta vacancya referencea benefit/perk (a holiday pay, medical/health insurance,a luncheon voucher, childcare, a paid leave) a contractunemploymenta breadwinnerheadhuntingan employment agencya job centrea job seeker's allowancea qualificationa pensiona work environment/workplacea working weeka staff canteena work performancemoonlightinga labour marketa labour force a trade union

to go/to be on striketo recruit staff / employees/ workers to earn a high salary/ a minimum wage/ a good living/ a lot ofmoneyto apply for a jobto work shifts/ overtime/ long hours/ flexitimeto provide training to be sacked, to be made redundant, to be laid off, to resign, tobe fired, to be dismissedto make cutbacks, to downsizeto give up workto be on/to take maternity/paternity leave, sick leaveto retire/ to take early retirementto be promoted/demotedto get a raiseto pay taxesto be in charge ofto be out of a job, look for a job, apply for a job, get a jobto gain/offer/have/require experienceto start/give up/change a career

TYPES OF JOBS

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SUMMER JOBS

USEFUL VOCABULARY

A: accountant, au pair, architect, actor/actress, archeologist, artist, astronaut, astronomer, B: beautician,bus driver, boxer, builder, bricklayer, butler, bodyguard, broadcaster, banker, baker, butcher, C:carpenter, computer programmer, chef, cook, car mechanic, coach, cleaner, clerk, cashier, D: director,driving instructor, doctor, dentist, dressmaker, DJ E: electrician, engineer, economist, entrepreneur,estate agent, F: farmer, fashion designer, flight attendant, fire fighter, fruit picker, G: gardener, guide,goalkeeper, H: hairdresser, I: instructor, interpreter, insurance agent, interior designer, J: judge,journalist, K: karate instructor, king, L: librarian, lawyer, lorry driver, lecturer, lifeguard, M: musician,miner, mechanic, model, magician, N: nurse, novelist, O: opera singer, officer, P: politician,postman/postwoman, psychologist, press agent, priest, president, photographer, police officer, plumber,painter, physicist, prime minister, pilot, paramedic, pharmacist, prison warden, delivery person, Q: quiz-master, queen, R: receptionist, refuse collector, S: scientist, surgeon, shop assistant, sales representative,security guard, secretary, social worker, shopkeeper, singer, sculptor, stunt person, ski instructor, T: taxidriver, tailor, teacher, ticket inspector, translator, travel agent, U: undertaker, V: vet, violinist, W:waiter/waitress, weather forecaster, X: xylophonist, Y: yoga instructor, Z: zookeeper

ITtelephoneinterpersonalartisticorganisationallanguage

SKILLS

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PERSONAL QUALITIES

JOB TITLES

patientstrongresponsiblereliantcreative

professionalhard-workingbravewell-educatedfriendlyseriousmotivatedtalentedindependentreliable

assertiveproductiveauthoritativecompetitiveoutgoing

JOB INTERVIEW

employers want to know more about your knowledge, skills, attributes, achievements,qualifications and experience that make you stand out from the other candidates try to learn as much as you can about the company you have applied to think of reasons and examples that match the job requirementspractise beforehand (simulate a job interview)don't exaggerate and don't lie be punctual, relaxed, confident and politedress formally and ensure you look tidy (whether it's online or in person) let the interviewer(s) take the initiative don't criticise present or formal colleagues/coworkersprepare some questions to ask about the companythank the interviewer(s) for their time

present a picture of your backgroundbring to attention aspects of your activities that are notpresent in the CVthe goal is to persuade the company to hire youparagraph 1: what position you are applying for and howyou found out about the job offer paragraph 2: your skills and qualifications that arerelevant to the position = why you're qualified for the job paragraph 3: why you want the job, how you could makea genuine contribution to the company and outline thenew skills you're going to develop thanks to the jobparagraph 4: mention your availability for an interviewand thank the person who will be reading your CL forconsidering your application

It's usually sent together with the CV when you apply for a jobor an internship and should be between 200-250 words long.

WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE UK & US

It should be one or two pages long.personal details ('About me' section with your emailand home addresses, phone number or LinkedInprofile link) education (from high school onwards, the most recenton top)work experience or/and volunteering (the most recenton top)skills and competence (languages, PC programs, adriving licence if you have one)interests (make sure they're relevant)awards and/or achievements (from school orcompetitions)

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COVER LETTER CV

In offices, people usually have a five-day working week and are often said to have a nine-to-five job.In the US most people work 40 hours a week (or more), while in the UK is mostly a 35-hour week,although in shops, services and factories people often work overtime, so it can be up to 45 hours a week. In the UK and the US, people get paid more if they work on public holidays. In both the UK and the US there has been a minimum wage for a long time. US and UK employers offer employees benefits, such as pension plans, childcare allowances, discountson goods produced or services offered by the company, profit-sharing schemes or health plans.In the UK, maternity leave, paternity leave, sick pay and holiday pay are all things that are given toworkers by law. Nevertheless, in the US, these things are generally considered as benefits andemployees have to negotiate them with their employers.The minimum amount of paid holiday leave US workers are entitled to by law is 0 weeks. However, USemployers offer an average of 10 paid days per year. Those who have worked for the same company formany years might get more holidays. On the other hand, in the UK employees get 5.6 weeks of paidleave a year.There are strict laws in the US and UK about working conditions and many workers below to a tradeunion (UK) / a labor union (US), which provide support for workers in disputes with employers.The US labour market is very flexible, which means that is fairly easy to hire and fire people, whereasBritish workers are generally employed under contracts and enjoy far greater job security.British workers enjoy 28 weeks of paid sick leave via Statutory Sick Pay, unlike their Americancounterparts who are entitled to 0 days of paid sick leave (it's up to the employer to offer paid sick leave).The average time spent commuting to work each day in Britain is 1h 38 minutes and 23 minutes in theUSA.

In most English-speaking countries young people often have a part-time job but they don't start workproperly until they're sixteen. If they decide to pursue some form of 'further education' they start work laterthan that. The usual retirement age is around 65.