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2007 Florida Building Code, Existing Building

First Printing

ISBN: 978-1-58001-588-2

Publication Date: February 2008

COPYRIGHT© 2008by

INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL, INC.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2007 Florida Building Code - Existing Building, contains substantial copyrighted material fromthe 2006 International Existing Building Code, Second Printing which is a copyrighted work owned by the International CodeCouncil, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed ortransmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way ofexampleand not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on permission tocopy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478. Phone1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233).

Trademarks: "International Code Council," the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Existing Building Code"are trademarks of the International Code Council, Inc.

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

PREFACE

HistoryThe State ofFlorida first mandated statewide building codes during the 1970s at the beginning ofthe modem construction boom.

The first law required all municipalities and counties to adopt and enforce one of the four state-recognized model codes known asthe "state minimum building codes." During the early 1990s a series of natural disasters, together with the increasing complexity ofbuilding construction regulation in vastly changed markets, led to a comprehensive review of the state building code system. Thestudy revealed that building code adoption and enforcement was inconsistent throughout the state and those local codes thought tobe the strongest proved inadequate when tested by major hurricane events. The consequences of the building codes system failurewere devastation to lives and economies and a statewide property insurance crisis. The response was a reform of the state buildingconstruction regulatory system that placed emphasis on uniformity and accountability.

The 1998 Florida Legislature amended Chapter 553, Florida Statutes (FS), Building Construction Standards, to create a singlestate building code that is enforced by local governments. As of March 1, 2002, the Florida Building Code, which is developed andmaintained by the Florida Building Commission, supersedes all local building codes. The Florida Building Code is updated everythree years and may be amended annually to incorporate interpretations and clarifications.

ScopeThe Florida Building Code is based on national model building codes and national consensus standards which are amended

where necessary for Florida's specific needs. The code incorporates all building construction-related regulations for public and private buildings in the State of Florida other than those specifically exempted by Section 553.73, Florida Statutes. It has been harmonized with the Florida Fire Prevention Code, which is developed and maintained by the Department of Financial Services, Officeof the State Fire Marshal, to establish unified and consistent standards.

The base codes for the 2007 edition of the Florida Building Code include: the International Building Code®, 2006 edition; theInternational Plumbing Code®, 2006 edition; the International Mechanical Code®, 2006 edition; the International Fuel GasCode®, 2006 edition; the International Residential Code®, 2006 edition; the International Existing Building Code®, 2006 edition;the National Electrical Code, 2005 edition; the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Housing Guidelines,and; substantive criteria from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers' (ASHRAE) Standard 90.1-2004. State and local codes adopted and incorporated into the code include the Florida Energy Efficiency Codefor Building Construction, the Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction and special hurricane protection standards for thehigh-velocity hurricane zone.

The code is composed of seven main volumes: the Florida Building Code, Building,which also includes Chapter 13 (energy efficiency) and Chapter II(accessibility) as well as state regulations for licensed facilities; the Florida Building Code, Plumbing; theFlorida Building Code, Mechanical; the Florida Building Code, Fuel Gas; the Florida Existing Building Code; the Florida Building Code, Residential,. and the Florida Building Code, Test Protocols for High- Velocity Hurricane Zones. Chapter 27 of theFlorida Building Code, Building, adopts the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, by reference. Chapter 33 of the Florida BuildingCode, Residential adopts the National Electrical Code Requirementsfor One- and Two-Family Dwellings, NFPA 70A, by reference.

Under certain strictly defined conditions, local governments may amend requirements to be more stringent than the code. All 10cal amendments to the Florida Building Code must be adopted by local ordinance and reported to the Florida Building Commissionthen posted on www.floridabuilding.org in Legislative format for a month before being enforced. Local amendments to the FloridaBuilding Code and the Florida Fire Prevention Code may be obtained from the Florida Building Commission web site, or from theFlorida Department of Community Affairs or the Florida Department of Financial Services, Office of the State Fire Marshal, respectively.

Adoption and MaintenanceThe Florida Building Code is adopted and updated with new editions triennially by the Florida Building Commission. It is

amended annually to incorporate interpretations, clarifications and to update standards. Minimum requirements for permitting,plans review and inspections are established by the code, and local jurisdictions may adopt additional administrative requirementsthat are more stringent. Local technical amendments are subject to strict criteria established by Section 553.73, F.S. They are subjectto commission review and adoption into the code or repeal when the code is updated triennially and are subject to appeal to the Commission according to the procedures established by Section 553.73, F.S.

Ten Technical Advisory Committees (TACs), which are constituted consistent with American National Standards Institute(ANSI) Guidelines, review proposed code changes and clarifications of the code and make recommendations to the Commission.These TACs whose membership is constituted consistent with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Guidelines include:Accessibility; Joint Building Fire (a joint committee of the Commission and the State Fire Marshal); Building Structural; Code Ad-

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING iii

ministration/ Enforcement; Electrical; Energy; Mechanical; Plumbing and Fuel Gas; Roofing; and Special Occupancy (state _agency construction and facility licensing regulations). •

The Commission may only issue official code clarifications using procedures of Chapter 120, Florida Statutes. To obtain such aclarification, a request for a Declaratory Statement (DEC) must be made to the Florida Building Commission in a manner that establishes a clear set of facts and circumstances and identifies the section of the code in question. Requests are analyzed by staff, reviewed by the appropriate Technical Advisory Committee, and sent to the Florida Building Commission for a first action. DraftDeclaratory Statements are subject to public comment and are finalized by the Commission at its next meeting. These interpretations establish precedents for situations having similar facts and circumstances and are typically incorporated into the code in thenext code amendment cycle. Non-binding opinions are available from the Building Officials Association of Florida's web site(www.BOAF.net) and a Binding Opinion process is available online at www.floridabuilding.org.

Marginal MarkingsVertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a change from the requirements of the base codes to the 2007

Florida Building Code effective October 1, 2008.

Sections deleted from the base code are designated "Reserved."

AcknowledgmentsThe Florida Building Code is produced through the efforts and contributions of building designers, contractors, product manu

facturers, regulators and other interested parties who participate in the Florida Building Commission's consensus processes, Commission staff and the participants in the national model code development processes.

iv 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION 1.1

Section

101 General 1.1

102 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

103 Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

104 Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

105 Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

106 Reserved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2

107 Reserved 1.2

108 Reserved 1.2

109 Reserved 1.2

110 Reserved 1.2

111 Reserved 1.2

112 Reserved 1.2

113 Reserved 1.2

114 Reserved 1.2

115 Reserved 1.2

116 Reserved 1.2

117 Reserved 1.2

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 2.1

Section

201 General 2.1

202 General Definitions 2.1

CHAPTER 3 PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCEMETHOD 3.1

Section

301 General 3.1

302 Additions, Alterations or Repairs 3.1

303 Fire Escapes 3.2

304 Glass Replacement 3.2

305 Change of Occupancy 3.2

306 Historic Buildings 3.3

307 Moved Structures 3.3

308 Reserved 3.3

CHAPTER 4 CLASSIFICATION OF WORK .... 4.1

Section

401 General 4.1

402 Repairs 4.1

403 Alteration - Levell 4.1

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

404 Alteration - Level 2 4.1

405 Alteration - Level 3 4.1

406 Change of Occupancy 4.1

407 Additions 4.1

408 Historic Buildings 4.1

409 Relocated Buildings 4.2

CHAPTER 5 REPAIRS 5.1

Section

501 General 5.1

502 Building Elements and Materials 5.1

503 Fire Protection 5.1

504 Means of Egress 5.1

505 Accessibility 5.1

506 Structural. 5.1

507 Electrical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2

508 Mechanical 5.3

509 Plumbing 5.3

CHAPTER 6 ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 1 6.1

Section

601 General 6.1





606 Structural. 6.1

607 Reserved 6.2

608 Electrical 6.2

609 Mechanical 6.2

610 Plumbing 6.3

611 Reroofing 6.3

612 Energy Conservation 6.4

CHAPTER 7 ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2 7.1

Section

701 General 7.1

702 Reserved 7.1





v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

707

708

709

710

711

Structural 7.5

Electrical 7.6

Mechanical 7.6

Plumbing 7.6

Energy Conservation 7.7

1103 Standards and Guidelines forRehabilitating Historic Buildings 11.1

1104 Equivalency 11.2

1105 Compliance 11.2

1106 Investigation and Evaluation 11.2

1107 Historic Cuban Tile 11.2CHAPTER 8 ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 3 8.1

Section

801 General 8.1

802 Special Use and Occupancy 8.1





807 Structural. 8.2


CHAPTER 9 CHANGE OF OCCUPANCy 9.1

Section

901 General 9.1

902 Special Use and Occupancy 9.1





907 Structural. 9.1

908 Electrical 9.2

909 Mechanical 9.2

910 Plumbing 9.2

911 Other Requirements 9.2

912 Change of Occupancy Classification 9.2

CHAPTER 10 ADDITIONS 10.1

Section

1001 General 10.1

1002 Heights and Areas 10.1

1003 StructuraL 10.1

1004 Smoke Alarms in OccupancyGroups R-3 and R-4 10.2



CHAPTER 11 HISTORIC BUILDINGS 11.1

Section

1101 General 11.1

1102 Definitions 11.1

vi

CHAPTER 12 RELOCATED OR MOVEDBUILDINGS 12.1

Section

1201 General 12.1

1202 Requirements 12.1

CHAPTER 13 PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCEMETHODS 13.1

Section

1301 General 13.1

CHAPTER 14 SAFEGUARDS DURINGCONSTRUCTION 14.1

Section

1401 General 14.1 _

1402 Construction Safeguards 14.1 •

1403 Demolition 14.1

1404 Site Work 14.1

1405 Sanitary 14.2

1406 Protection of Pedestrians 14.2

1407 Protection of Adjoining Property 14.3

1408 Temporary Use of Streets, Alleys andPublic Property 14.3

1409 Fire Extinguishers 14.3

1410 Exits 14.3

1411 Standpipes 14.3

1412 Automatic Sprinkler System 14.4

CHAPTER 15 REFERENCED STANDARDS .... 15.1

APPENDIX A GUIDELINES FOR THE SEISMICRETROFIT OF EXISTINGBUILDINGS (RESERVED) A.1

APPENDIX B STANDARD FORREHABILITATION B.1

APPENDIX C C.1

APPENDIX D TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION D.1


•

RESOURCE AGUIDELINES ONFIRE RATINGS OF ARCHAICMATERIALS AND ASSEMBLIES(RESERVED) RESOURCE A.1

INDEX INDEX 1.1


TABLE OF CONTENTS

vii

viii 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION

II

SECTION 101GENERAL

101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the FloridaBuilding Code, Existing Building, hereinafter referred to as"this code." In addition to the provisions of this chapter, theprovisions of Chapter 1, Florida Building Code, Building,shall govern the administration and enforcement of this code.

101.2 Scope. The provisions of the Florida Building Code,Existing Building, shall apply to the repair, alteration, changeof occupancy, addition and relocation of existing buildings.

Exception: For the purpose of public educational facilitiesand state licensed facilities, see Chapter 4, Special Occupancy, of the Florida Building Code, Building.

101.3 Intent. The intent of this code is to provide flexibility topermit the use of alternative approaches to achieve compliancewith minimum requirements to safeguard the public health,safety and welfare insofar as they are affected by the repair,alteration, change of occupancy, addition and relocation ofexisting buildings.

101.4 Applicability. This code shall apply to the repair, alteration, change of occupancy, addition and relocation of allexisting buildings, regardless of occupancy, subject to the criteria of Sections 101.4.1 and 101.4.2.

101.4.1 Buildings not previously occupied. A building orportion of a building that has not been previously occupiedor used for its intended purpose in accordance with the lawsin existence at the time of its completion shall comply withthe provisions of the Florida Building Code, Building orFlorida Building Code, Residential, as applicable, for newconstruction or with any current permit for such occupancy.

101.4.2 Buildings previously occupied. The legal occupancy of any building existing on the date of adoption ofthiscode shall be permitted to continue without change, exceptas is specifically covered in this code, the Florida Fire Prevention Code, or as is deemed necessary by the code officialfor the general safety and welfare of the occupants and thepublic.

101.5 Compliance methods. The repair, alteration, change ofoccupancy, addition or relocation of all existing buildings shallcomply with one of the methods listed in Sections 101.5.1through 101.5.3 as selected by the applicant. Application of amethod shall be the sole basis for assessing the compliance ofwork performed under a single permit unless otherwiseapproved by the code official. Sections 101.5.1 through101.5.3 shall not be applied in combination with each other.

Exception: Alterations complying with the laws in existence at the time the building or the affected portion of thebuilding was built shall be considered in compliance withthe provisions of this code unless the building has sustainedsubstantial structural damage as defined in Section 506.2, orthe building is undergoing more than a limited structuralalteration as defined in Section 807.5.3. New structural


members added as part of the repair or alteration shall comply with the Florida Building Code, Building. Repairs andalterations of existing buildings in flood hazard areas shallcomply with Sections 501.4 and 601.3, respectively.

101.5.1 Prescriptive compliance method. Repairs, alterations, additions and changes of occupancy complying withChapter 3 of this code in buildings complying with theFlorida Fire Prevention Code shall be considered in compliance with the provisions of this code.

101.5.2 Work area compliance method. Repairs, alterations, additions, changes in occupancy and relocatedbuildings complying with the applicable requirements ofChapters 4 through 12 of this code shall be considered incompliance with the provisions of this code.

101.5.3 Performance compliance method. Repairs, alterations, additions, changes in occupancy and relocatedbuildings complying with Chapter 13 of this code shall beconsidered in compliance with the provisions of this code.

101.6 Safeguards during construction. All constructionwork covered in this code, including any related demolition,shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 14.

101.7 Appendices. Reserved. II101.8 Correction of violations of other codes. Repairs oralterations mandated by any property, housing, or fire safetymaintenance code or mandated by any licensing rule or ordinance adopted pursuant to law shall conform only to therequirements of that code, rule, or ordinance and shall not berequired to conform to this code unless the code requiring suchrepair or alteration so provides.

SECTION 102APPLICABILITY

RESERVED

SECTION 103DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SAFETY

RESERVED

SECTION 104DUTIES AND POWERS OF CODE OFFICIAL

RESERVED

SECTION 105PERMITS

RESERVED

1.1

ADMINISTRATION

SECTION 106CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

RESERVED

SECTION 107TEMPORARY STRUCTURES AND USES

RESERVED

SECTION 108FEES

RESERVED

SECTION 109INSPECTIONSRESERVED

SECTION 110CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY

RESERVED

SECTION 111SERVICE UTILITIES

RESERVED

SECTION 112BOARD OF APPEALS

RESERVED

SECTION 113VIOLATIONSRESERVED

SECTION 114STOP WORK ORDER

RESERVED

SECTION 115UNSAFE BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT

RESERVED

SECTION 116EMERGENCY MEASURES

RESERVED

SECTION 117DEMOLITIONRESERVED

1.2 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS

SECTION 201GENERAL

201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the followingwords and terms shall, for the purposes of this code, have themeanings shown in this chapter.

201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tenseinclude the future; words stated in the masculine genderinclude the feminine and neuter; the singular number includesthe plural and the plural, the singular.

201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not

II defined in this code and are defined in the other Florida Building Code or the Florida Fire Prevention Code. Such termsshall have the meanings ascribed to them in those codes.

201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not definedthrough the methods authorized by this chapter, such terms

IIshall have the meanings as defined in Webster's Third NewInternational Dictionary of the English Language,Unabridged.

SECTION 202GENERAL DEFINITIONS

ADDITION. An extension or increase in floor area, number ofstories, or height of a building or structure.

ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an existing structure other than a repair or addition. Alterations areclassified as Levell, Level 2, and Level 3.

CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the purpose orlevel of activity within a building that involves a change inapplication of the requirements of this code.

CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authoritycharged with the administration and enforcement of this code.

CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION

Limitations. Buildings are permitted to be constructed inaccordance with the provisions of conventional light-frameconstruction, subject to the following limitations:

1. Buildings shall be limited to a maximum of three storiesabove grade.

Exception: Solid blocked cripple walls not exceeding 14 inches (356 mm) in height need not be considered a story.

2. Bearing wall floor-to-floor heights shall not exceed 10feet (3048 mm).

3. Loads as determined in Chapter 16 of the Florida Building Code, Building shall not exceed the following:

3.1. Average dead loads shall not exceed 15 psf (718N/m2

) for roofs and exterior walls, floors and partitions.


3.2. Live loads shall not exceed 40 psf (1916 N/m2) forfloors.

4. Wind speeds shall not exceed 100 mph (45 m/s)(3-second gust).

5. Roof trusses and rafters shall not span more than 40 feet(12 192 mm) between points of vertical support.

DANGEROUS. Any building or structure or any individualmember with any of the structural conditions or defectsdescribed below shall be deemed dangerous:

1. The stress in a member or portion thereof due to all factored dead and live loads is more than one and one thirdthe nominal strength allowed in the Florida Building IICode, Building for new buildings of similar structure,purpose, or location.

2. Any portion, member, or appurtenance thereof likely tofail, or to become detached or dislodged, or to collapseand thereby injure persons.

3. Any portion of a building, or any member, appurtenanceor ornamentation on the exterior thereof is not of sufficient strength or stability, or is not anchored, attached orfastened in place so as to be capable of resisting a windpressure of two thirds of that specified in the Florida IIBuilding Code, Building for new buildings of similarstructure, purpose or location without exceeding thenominal strength permitted in the Florida Building IICode, Building for such buildings.

4. The building, or any portion thereof, is likely to collapsepartially or completely because of dilapidation, deterioration or decay; construction in violation of the Florida IIBuilding Code, Building; the removal, movement orinstability of any portion of the ground necessary for thepurpose of supporting such building; the deterioration,decay or inadequacy of its foundation; damage due tofire, wind or flood; or any other similar cause. II

5. The exterior walls or other vertical structural memberslist, lean or buckle to such an extent that a plumb linepassing through the center of gravity does not fall insidethe middle one third of the base.

EQUIPMENT OR FIXTURE. Any plumbing, heating, electrical, ventilating, air conditioning, refrigerating and fire protection equipment, and elevators, dumb waiters, escalators,boilers, pressure vessels and other mechanical facilities orinstallations that are related to building services. Equipment orfixture shall not include manufacturing, production or processequipment, but shall include connections from building serviceto process equipment.

EXISTING BUILDING. A building or structure or portion ofa building or structure which has been previously legally occupied or used for its intended purpose.

FLOOD HAZARD AREA. See Section 501.4.

2.1

DEFINITIONS

HISTORIC BUILDING. See Section 1102.

INCIDENTAL USE AREA. In cases where use is incidentalto some other occupancy, the section of this code governing theoccupancy shall apply.

LOAD-BEARING ELEMENT. Any column, girder, beam,joist, truss, rafter, wall, floor or roof sheathing that supportsany vertical load in addition to its own weight or any lateralload.

PRIMARY FUNCTION. A primary function is a majoractivity for which the facility is intended. Areas that contain aprimary function include, but are not limited to, the customerservices lobby of a bank, the dining area of a cafeteria, themeeting rooms in a conference center, as well as offices andother work areas in which the activities of the public accommodation or other private entity using the facility are carried out.Mechanical rooms, boiler rooms, supply storage rooms,employee lounges or locker rooms, janitorial closets,entrances, corridors and restrooms are not areas containing aprimary function.

REHABILITATION. Any work, as described by the categories of work defined herein, undertaken in an existing building.

REHABILITATION, SEISMIC. Reserved.

REPAIR. The patching, restoration and/or minor replacementof materials, elements, components, equipment and/or fixturesfor the purposes of maintaining such materials, elements, components, equipment and/or fixtures in good or sound condition.

ROOF SECTION. A separation or division of a roof area byexisting expansion joints, parapet walls, flashing (excludingvalley), difference of elevation (excluding hips and ridges),roof type or legal description; not including the roof arearequired for a proper tie-off with an existing system.

SEISMIC LOADING. Reserved.

STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION. For purposes of thiscode, "structural" shall mean any part, material or assembly ofa building or structure which affects the safety of such buildingor structure and/or which supports any dead or designed liveload and the removal of which part, material or assembly couldcause, or be expected to cause, all or any portion to collapse orfail.

SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE. See Section 3110 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT. See Section 3109.2 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.

SUBSTANTIAL STRUCTURAL DAMAGE. A conditionwhere:

1. In any story, the elements of the lateral-force-resistingsystem, in any direction and taken as a whole, have suffered damage such that the lateral load-carrying capacity

2.2

has been reduced by more than 20 percent from its _pre-damaged condition, or •

2. The vertical load-carrying components supporting morethan 30 percent of the structure's floor or roof area havesuffered a reduction in vertical load-carrying capacity tobelow 75 percent of the Florida Building Code, Buildingrequired strength levels calculated by either the strengthor allowable stress method.

SUNROOM

1. A room with roof panels that includes sloped glazing thatis a one-story structure added to an existing dwellingwith an open or glazed area in excess of 40 percent of thegross area of the sunroom structure's exterior walls androof.

2. A one-story structure added to a dwelling with structuralroof panels without sloped glazing. The sunroom wallsmay have any configuration, provided the open area ofthe longer wall and one additional wall is equal to at least65 percent of the area below 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) ofeach wall, measured from the floor.

For the purposes of this code, the term "sunroom" as usedherein shall include conservatories, sunspaces, solariums andporch or patio covers or enclosures.

TECHNICALLY INFEASIBLE. An alteration of a buildingor a facility that has little likelihood of being accomplishedbecause the existing structural conditions require the removalor alteration of a load-bearing member that is an essential partof the structural frame or because other existing physical or siteconstraints prohibit modification or addition of elements,spaces, or features that are in full and strict compliance with theminimum requirements for new construction and that are necessary to provide accessibility.

UNSAFE BUILDINGS OR EQUIPMENT. Buildings orexisting equipment that is insanitary or deficient because ofinadequate means of egress facilities, inadequate light and ventilation, or that constitutes a fire hazard, or that is otherwisedangerous to human life or the public welfare or that involvesillegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance,shall be deemed an unsafe condition.

VALUE. The estimated current replacement cost of the build- IIing in kind.

WORK AREA. That portion or portions of a building consisting ofall reconfigured elements, systems or spaces as indicated IIon the construction documents. Work area excludes other portions of the building where incidental work entailed by theintended work must be performed and portions of the buildingwhere work not initially intended by the owner is specificallyrequired by this code.


CHAPTER 3

PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE METHOD

II

II

e

[B] SECTION 301GENERAL

301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to thealteration, repair, addition and change ofoccupancy ofexistingstructures, including historic and moved structures, as referenced in Section 101.5.1.

Exception: Existing bleachers, grandstands and foldingand telescopic seating shall comply with ICC 300-02.

301.1.1 Compliance with other methods. Alterations,repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to existingstructures shall comply with the provisions of this chapter orwith one of the methods provided in Section 101.5.

SECTION 302ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS OR REPAIRS

[B] 302.1 Existing buildings or structures. Additions oralterations to any building or structure shall comply with therequirements of the Florida Building Code, Building for newconstruction. Additions or alterations shall not be made to anexisting building or structure that will cause the existing building or structure to be in violation of any provisions of the

II Florida Building Code, Building. An existing building plusadditions shall comply with the height and area provisions of

II the Florida Building Code, Building. Portions of the structurenot altered and not affected by the alteration are not required tocomply with the code requirements for a new structure.

II [B] 302.1.1 Flood hazard areas. See Section 501.4.

[B] 302.2 Structural. Additions or alterations to an existingstructure shall not increase the force in any structural elementby more than 5 percent (unless the increased forces on the element are still in compliance with the code for new structures),nor shall the strength of any structural element be decreased to

II less than that required by the Florida Building Code, Buildingfor new structures. Where repairs are made to structural elements of an existing building and uncovered structural elements are found to be unsound or otherwise structurallydeficient, such elements shall be made to conform to therequirements for new structures.

[B] 302.2.1 Existing live load. Where an existing structureheretofore is altered or repaired, the minimum design loadsfor the structure shall be the loads applicable at the time oferection, provided that public safety is not endangeredthereby.

[B] 302.2.2 Live load reduction. If the approved live loadis less than required by Section 1607 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building, the areas designed for the reduced live loadshall be posted in with the approved load. Placards shall beof an approved design.

302.2.3 Seismic. Reserved.


[B] 302.2.4 Alterations to trusses. Truss members andcomponents shall not be cut, notched, drilled, spliced or otherwise altered in any way without written concurrence andapproval of a registered design professional. Alterationsresulting in the addition of loads to any member (e.g.,HVAC equipment, water heater) shall not be permittedwithout verification that the truss is capable of supportingsuch additional loading.

[B] 302.2.5 Structural safety due to system installations.The building shall not be weakened by the installation ofany electrical, fuel gas, mechanical or plumbing system. Inthe process of installing or repairing any such system, thefinished floors, walls, ceilings, tile work or any other part ofthe building or premises that is required to be changed orreplaced shall be left in a safe structural condition in accordance with the requirements of the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding.

[B] 302.3 Nonstructural. Nonstructural alterations or repairsto an existing building or structure are permitted to be made ofthe same materials of which the building or structure is constructed, provided that they do not adversely affect any structural member or the fire-resistance rating of any part of thebuilding or structure.

[B] 302.4 Stairways. An alteration or the replacement of anexisting stairway in an existing structure shall not be requiredto comply with the requirements of a new stairway as outlinedin Section 1009 of the Florida Building Code, Building where IIthe existing space and construction will not allow a reduction inpitch or slope.

302.5 Energy. See Chapter 13 of the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding.

302.6 Electrical. Additions, alterations, renovations or repairsto electrical installations shall conform to Chapter 27 of the IIFlorida Building Code, Building without requiring the existinginstallation to comply with all of the requirements of this code.Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an existinginstallation to become unsafe, hazardous or overloaded.

Minor additions, alterations, renovations and repairs toexisting installations shall meet the provisions for new construction, unless such work is done in the same manner andarrangement as was in the existing system, is not hazardous andis approved.

[FG] 302.7 Fuel gas. Additions, alterations, renovations orrepairs to fuel gas installations shall conform to the Florida IIBuilding Code, Fuel Gas without requiring the existing installation to comply with all of the requirements of this code. Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an existinginstallation to become unsafe, hazardous or overloaded.

Minor additions, alterations, renovations and repairs toexisting installations shall meet the provisions for new construction, unless such work is done in the same manner and

3.1

IIe


arrangement as was in the existing system, is not hazardous andis approved.

[M] 302.8 Mechanical. Additions, alterations, renovations or

II repairs to mechanical installations shall conform to the FloridaBuilding Code, Mechanical without requiring the existinginstallation to comply with all of the requirements of this code.Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an existinginstallation to become unsafe, hazardous or overloaded.


[P] 302.9 Plumbing. Additions, alterations, renovations or

II repairs to plumbing installations shall conform to the FloridaBuilding Code, Plumbing without requiring the existing installation to comply with all ofthe requirements ofthis code. Addi-tions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an existinginstallation to become unsafe, hazardous or overloaded.


[B] SECTION 303FIRE ESCAPES

303.1 Where permitted. Fire escapes shall be permitted onlyas provided for in Sections 303.1.1 through 303.1.4.

303.1.1 New buildings. Fire escapes shall not constituteany part of the required means of egress in new buildings.

303.1.2 Existing fire escapes. Existing fire escapes shall becontinued to be accepted as a component in the means ofegress in existing buildings only.

303.1.3 New fire escapes. New fire escapes for existingbuildings shall be permitted only where exterior stairs cannot be utilized due to lot lines limiting stair size or due to thesidewalks, alleys or roads at grade level. New fire escapesshall not incorporate ladders or access by windows.

303.1.4 Limitations. Fire escapes shall comply with thissection and shall not constitute more than 50 percent of therequired number of exits nor more than 50 percent of therequired exit capacity.

303.2 Location. Where located on the front of the building andwhere projecting beyond the building line, the lowest landingshall not be less than 7 feet (2134 mm) or more than 12 feet(3658 mm) above grade, and shall be equipped with a counterbalanced stairway to the street. In alleyways and thoroughfaresless than 30 feet (9144 mm) wide, the clearance under the lowest landing shall not be less than 12 feet (3658 mm).

303.3 Construction. The fire escape shall be designed to support a live load of 100 pounds per square foot (4788 Pa) andshall be constructed of steel or other approved noncombustiblematerials. Fire escapes constructed of wood not less than nominal 2 inches (51 mm) thick are permitted on buildings of Type

3.2

V construction. Walkways and railings located over or sup- ..ported by combustible roofs in buildings of Type III and IV •construction are permitted to be of wood not less than nominal2 inches (51 mm) thick.

303.4 Dimensions. Stairs shall be at least 22 inches (559 mm)wide with risers not more than, and treads not less than, 8inches (203 mm) and landings at the foot of stairs not less than40 inches 0016 mm) wide by 36 inches (914 mm) long,located not mo::.-e than 8 inches (203 mm) below the door.

303.5 Opening protectives. Doors and windows along the fireescape shall be protected with 3/4-hour opening protectives.

[B] SECTION 304GLASS REPLACEMENT

304.1 Conformance. The installation or replacement of glassshall be as required for new installations.

SECTION 305CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

[B] 305.1 Conformance. No change shall be made in the use oroccupancy of any building that would place the building in adifferent division of the same group ofoccupancy or in a differ-ent group of occupancies, unless such building is made to com-ply with the requirements of the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding for such division or group of occupancy. Subject to ..the approval of the building official, the use or occupancy of •existing buildings shall be permitted to be changed and thebuilding is allowed to be occupied for purposes in other groupswithout conforming to all the requirements of the Florida IIBuilding Code, Building for those groups, provided the new orproposed use is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk, thanthe existing use.

[B] 305.2 Certificate of occupancy. A certificate of occupancy shall be issued where it has been determined that therequirements for the new occupancy classification have beenmet.

[B] 305.3 Stairways. Existing stairways in an existing structure shall not be required to comply with the requirements of anew stairway as outlined in Section 1009 of the Florida Build- IIing Code, Building where the existing space and constructionwill not allow a reduction in pitch or slope.

305.4 Structural. Reserved. II305.5 Energy. Buildings undergoing a change in occupancythat would result in an increase in demand for either fossil fuelor electrical energy shall comply with Chapter 13 of the IIFlorida Building Code, Building.

305.6 Electrical. It shall be unlawful to make a change in theoccupancy of a structure that will subject the structure to thespecial provisions of Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code,Building applicable to the new occupancy without approval.The code official shall certify that the structure meets the intentof the provisions of law governing building construction forthe proposed new occupancy and that such change of occupancy does not result in any hazard to the public health, safetyor welfare.


eII

[FG] 305.7 Fuel gas. It shall be unlawful to make a change inthe occupancy of a structure that will subject the structure to thespecial provisions of the Florida Building Code, Fuel Gasapplicable to the new occupancy without approval. The codeofficial shall certify that the structure meets the intent of theprovisions of law governing building construction for the proposed new occupancy and that such change of occupancy doesnot result in any hazard to the public health, safety or welfare.

[M] 305.8 Mechanical. It shall be unlawful to make a changein the occupancy of a structure that will subject the structure to

II the special provisions of the Florida Building Code, Mechanical applicable to the new occupancy without approval. Thecode official shall certify that the structure meets the intent ofthe provisions of law governing building construction for theproposed new occupancy and that such change of occupancydoes not result in any hazard to the public health, safety or welfare.

[P] 305.9 Plumbing. It shall be unlawful to make a change inthe occupancy ofa structure that will subject the structure to the

II special provisions of the Florida Building Code, Plumbingapplicable to the new occupancy without approval. The codeofficial shall certify that the structure meets the intent of theprovisions of law governing building construction for the proposed new occupancy and that such change of occupancy doesnot result in any hazard to the public health, safety or welfare.


~I[B] SECTION 306

HISTORIC BUILDINGSSEE CHAPTER 11

[B] SECTION 307MOVED STRUCTURES

II 307.1 Conformance. See Chapter 12.

[B] SECTION 308ACCESSIBILITY FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

II RESERVED

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING 3.3

3.4 2007 fLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

•

CHAPTER 4

CLASSIFICATION OF WORK

SECTION 401GENERAL

401.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall be used inconjunction with Chapters 5 through 12 and shall apply to thealteration, repair, addition and change of occupancy ofexistingstructures, including historic and moved structures, as referenced in Section 101.5.2. The work performed on an existingbuilding shall be classified in accordance with this chapter.

401.1.1 Compliance with other alternatives. Alterations,repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to existingstructures shall comply with the provisions of Chapters 4through 12 or with one of the alternatives provided in Section 101.5.

401.2 Work area. The work area, as defined in Chapter 2, shallbe identified on the construction documents.

401.3 Occupancy and use. When determining the appropriate application of the referenced sections of this code, the occupancy and use of a building shall be determined in accordancewith Chapter 3 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

401.4 A design professional or an owner must elect one or acombination of levels of alteration pursuant to Sections 403,404 and 405 of this code.

SECTION 402REPAIRS

402.1 Scope. Repairs, as defined in Chapter 2, include thepatching or restoration or replacement of damaged materials,elements, equipment or fixtures for the purpose of maintainingsuch components in good or sound condition with respect toexisting loads or performance requirements.

402.2 Application. Repairs shall comply with the provisionsof Chapter 5.

402.3 Related work. Work on nondamaged components thatis necessary for the required repair of damaged componentsshall be considered part of the repair and shall not be subject tothe provisions of Chapter 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

SECTION 403ALTERATION-LEVEL 1

403.1 Scope. Level 1 alterations include the removal andreplacement or the covering of existing materials, elements,equipment, or fixtures using new materials, elements, equipment, or fixtures that serve the same purpose. Levell alterations shall not include any removal, replacement or coveringof existing materials, elements, equipment or fixtures undertaken for purpose of repair as defined in Chapter 2 anddescribed in Section 402.

403.2 Application. Level 1 alterations shall comply with theprovisions of Chapter 6.



404.1 Scope. Level 2 alterations include the reconfiguration ofspace, the addition or elimination of any door or window, thereconfiguration or extension of any system, or the installationof any additional equipment.

404.2 Application. Level 2 alterations shall comply with theprovisions of Chapter 6 for Level 1 alterations as well as theprovisions of Chapter 7.


405.1 Scope. Level 3 alterations apply where the work areaexceeds 50 percent of the aggregate area of the building andmade within any 12-month period.

Exception: Work areas in which the alteration work isexclusively plumbing, mechanical or electrical shall not beincluded in the computation of total area of all work areas.

405.2 Application. Level 3 alterations shall comply with theprovisions of Chapters 6 and 7 for Levelland 2 alterations,respectively, as well as the provisions of Chapter 8.

SECTION 406CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

406.1 Scope. Change of occupancy provisions apply where theactivity is classified as a change of occupancy as defined inChapter 2.

406.2 Application. Changes of occupancy shall comply withthe provisions of Chapter 9.

SECTION 407ADDITIONS

407.1 Scope. Provisions for additions shall apply where workis classified as an addition as defined in Chapter 2.

407.2 Application. Additions to existing buildings shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 10.

SECTION 408HISTORIC BUILDINGS

408.1 Scope. Historic buildings provisions shall apply tobuildings classified as historic as defined in Chapter 11. II408.2 Application. Except as specifically provided for inChapter 11, historic buildings shall comply with applicable IIprovisions of this code for the type of work being performed.

4.1

CLASSIFICATION OF WORK

SECTION 409RELOCATED BUILDINGS

409.1 Scope. Relocated buildings provisions shall apply torelocated or moved buildings.

409.2 Application. Relocated buildings shall comply with theprovisions of Chapter 12.


CHAPTER 5

REPAIRS

502.1 Hazardous materials. Hazardous materials that are nolonger permitted, such as asbestos and lead-based paint, shallnot be used.

502.2 Glazing in hazardous locations. Replacement glazingin hazardous locations shall comply with the safety glazing

II requirements of the Florida Building Code, Building as applicable.

II

tit

"

SECTION 501GENERAL

501.1 Scope. Repairs as described in Section 302 shall complywith the requirements of this chapter. Repairs to historic buildings shall comply with this chapter, except as modified inChapter 11.

501.2 Permitted materials. Except as otherwise required orpermitted by this code, materials permitted by the applicablecode for new construction shall be used. Like materials shall bepermitted, provided no hazard to life, health or property is cre-ated.

Exception: Repairs to a historic building shall be permittedusing original or like materials. Materials shall comply withSections 502.1, 502.2 and 502.3.

501.3 Conformance. The work shall not make the buildingless conforming than it was before the repair was undertaken.

501.4 Flood hazard areas. In flood hazard areas, repairs thatconstitute substantial improvement shall require that the building comply with Section 1612 of the Florida Building Code,Building.

501.4.1 Structure seaward ofa coastal construction line.Structures located seaward of the coastal construction lineshall be designed to resist the predicted forces of a 100-yearstorm event in accordance with Section 3109 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

501.4.2 Floodplain construction. This code specificallydefers to the authority granted to local government by Title44 CFR, Sections 59 and 60. This code is not intended tosupplant or supercede local ordinances adopted pursuant tothat authority, nor are local floodplain management ordinances to be deemed amendments to the code.

501.5 Dangerous buildings. When an historic building isdetermined as dangerous, no work shall be required except asnecessary to correct identified dangerous conditions.

SECTION 502BUILDING ELEMENTS AND MATERIALS

Exception: Glass block walls, louvered windows, andjalousies repaired with like materials.

502.3 Replacement. For repairs in an historic building,replacement or partial replacement of existing or missing fea-


tures that match the original in configuration, height, size andoriginal methods of construction shall be permitted.

Exception: Glazing in hazardous locations shall complywith Section 502.2.

SECTION 503FIRE PROTECTION

503.1 General. Repairs shall be done in a manner that maintains the level of fire protection provided.

SECTION 504MEANS OF EGRESS

504.1 General. Repairs shall be done in a manner that maintains the level of protection provided for the means of egress.

SECTION 505ACCESSIBILITY

505.1 General. Repairs shall be done in accordance with IIChapter 11 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

SECTION 506STRUCTURAL

506.1 General. Repairs of structural elements shall complywith this section.

506.1.1 Nonstructural repairs exclusive of fixtures and furniture, the cost of which does not exceed 25 percent of thereplacement value of the existing building or structure, withthe approval of the building official, may be made of thesame material of which the building or structure is constructed.

Exception: Historic buildings shall comply with Section502.3.

506.1.1.1 Evaluation and design procedures.Reserved.

506.1.1.2 IBC level seismic forces. Reserved.

Table 506.1.1.2 FEMA 356 and ASCE 31 Performance Levels. Reserved.

506.1.1.3 Reduced IBC level seismic forces. Reserved.

506.1.2 Wind design. Wind design of existing buildingsshall be in accordance with the building codes that were in IIeffect when the building was permitted.

506.2 Repairs to damaged buildings. Repairs to damagedbuildings shall comply with this section and Section 611, IIReroofing.

5.1

II

/I

II

REPAIRS

506.2.1 Dangerous conditions. Regardless of the extent ofstructural damage, dangerous conditions shall be eliminated.

506.2.2 Substantial structural damage to elements of thelateral-foree-resisting system. A building that has sustained substantial structural damage to the elements of itslateral-force-resisting system shall be evaluated andrepaired in accordance with the applicable provisions ofSections 506.2.2.1 through 506.2.2.3.

506.2.2.1 Evaluation. The building shall be evaluatedby a registered design professional, and the evaluationfindings shall be submitted to the code official. The evaluation shall establish whether the damaged building, ifrepaired to its predamaged state, would comply with theprovisions of the codes that were in effect when thebuilding was permitted. Wind forces for this evaluationshall be those prescribed in the codes that were in effectwhen the building was permitted.

506.2.2.2 Extent of repair for compliant buildings. Ifthe evaluation establishes compliance of the predamagedbuilding in accordance with Section 506.2.2.1, repairsshall be permitted that restore the building to itspredamaged state using materials and strengths thatexisted prior to the damage.

506.2.2.3 Extent of repair for noncompliant buildings. If the evaluation does not establish compliance ofthe predamaged building in accordance with Section506.2.2.1, the building shall be rehabilitated to complywith applicable provisions of the Florida Building Code,Building for load combinations, including wind. Thewind design level for the repair shall be as required by thebuilding code in effect at the time of original construction, unless the damage was caused by wind, in whichcase the design level shall be as required by the code ineffect at the time of original construction or as requiredby the Florida Building Code, Building, whichever isgreater. New structural members and connectionsrequired by this rehabilitation design shall comply withthe detailing provisions of the Florida Building Code,Building for new buildings of similar structure, purposeand location.

506.2.3 Substantial structural damage to verticalload-carrying components. Vertical load-carrying components that have sustained substantial structural damageshall be rehabilitated to comply with the applicable provisions for dead and live loads in the Florida Building Code,Building. Undamaged vertical load-carrying componentsthat receive dead or live loads from rehabilitated components shall also be rehabilitated to carry the design loads ofthe rehabilitation design. New structural members and connections required by this rehabilitation design shall complywith the detailing provisions of the Florida Building Code,Building for new buildings of similar structure, purpose andlocation.

506.2.3.1 Lateral-foree-resisting elements. Regardless of the level of damage to elements of the lateralforce-resisting system, if substantial structural damageto vertical load-carrying components was caused pri-

5.2

marily by wind effects, then the building shall be evaluated in accordance with Section 506.2.2.1 and, ifnoncompliant, rehabilitated in accordance with Section506.2.2.3.

506.2.4 Less than substantial structural damage. Fordamage less than substantial structural damage, repairsshall be allowed that restore the building to its predamagedstate using materials and strengths that existed prior to thedamage. New structural members and connections used forthis repair shall comply with the detailing provisions of theFlorida Building Code, Building for new buildings of similar structure, purpose and location.

506.2.5 Flood hazard areas. See Section 501.4.

SECTION 507ELECTRICAL

507.1 Material. Existing electrical wiring and equipmentundergoing repair shall be allowed to be repaired or replacedwith like material in accordance with Chapter 27 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

Exceptions:

1. Existing electrical wiring and equipment undergoingrepair shall be permitted to be repaired or replacedwith like material.

2. For replacement of nongrounding-type receptacleswith grounding-type receptacles and for branch circuits that do not have an equipment grounding conductor in the branch circuitry, the groundingconductor of a grounding-type receptacle outlet shallbe permitted to be grounded to any accessible point onthe grounding electrode system or to any accessiblepoint on the grounding electrode conductor, in accordance with Article 250.130 (C) of Chapter 27 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

3. Frames of electric ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, clothes dryers, and outletor junction boxes that are part of the existing branchcircuit for these appliances shall be permitted to begrounded to the grounded circuit conductor in accordance with Article 250.140 of Chapter 27 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

507.1.1 Receptacles. Replacement of electrical receptaclesshall comply with the applicable requirements of Section406.3(D) of NFPA 70.

507.1.2 Plug fuses. Plug fuses of the Edison-base type shallbe used for replacements only where there is no evidence ofover fusing or tampering per applicable requirements ofSection 240.51(B) of NFPA 70.

507.1.3 Nongrounding-type receptacles. For replacementof nongrounding-type receptacles with grounding-typereceptacles and for branch circuits that do not have anequipment grounding conductor in the branch circuitry, thegrounding conductor of a grounding-type receptacle outletshall be permitted to be grounded to any accessible point onthe grounding electrode system or to any accessible point on


II

the grounding electrode conductor in accordance with Section 250.130(C) ofNFPA 70.

507.1.4 Group 1-2 receptacles. Non-"hospital grade"receptacles in patient bed locations of Group 1-2 shall bereplaced with "hospital grade" receptacles, as required byNFPA 99 and Article 517 ofNFPA 70.

507.1.5 Grounding of appliances. Frames of electricranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cookingunits, clothes dryers and outlet or junction boxes that arepart of the existing branch circuit for these appliances shallbe permitted to be grounded to the grounded circuit conductor in accordance with Section 250.140 ofNFPA 70.

SECTION 508MECHANICAL

508.1 General. Existing mechanical systems undergoing

IIrepair shall comply with Section 301.11 of the Florida Building Code, Mechanical and shall not make the building less conforming than it was before the repair was undertaken.

REPAIRS

SECTION 509PLUMBING

509.1 Materials. Plumbing materials and supplies shall not beused for repairs that are prohibited in the Florida BuildingCode, Plumbing.

509.2 Plumbing fixture replacement. When any plumbingfixture is replaced, the replacement plumbing fixture shallcomply with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

Exception: Blowout-design water closets [3.5 gallons (13L) per flushing cycle].


CHAPTER 6

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 1

SECTION 601GENERAL

601.1 Scope. Level 1 alterations as described in Section 403shall comply with the requirements of this chapter. Level 1alterations to historic buildings shall comply with this chapter,except as modified in Chapter 11.

601.2 Conformance. An existing building or portion thereofshall not be altered such that the building becomes less safe orenergy efficient than its existing condition. If in the alterationthe current level of safety or sanitation is to be reduced, the portion altered shall conform to the requirements of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

601.3 Flood hazard areas. See Section 50104.


602.1 Interior finishes. All newly installed interior finishes

II shall comply with the flame spread requirements of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

fit602.2 Carpeting. New carpeting used as an interior floor finish material shall comply with the radiant flux requirements of

II the Florida Building Code, Building.

602.3 Materials and methods. All new work shall complywith materials and methods requirements in Chapter 27 of theFlorida Building Code, Building, Florida Building Code,Building, Chapter 13 of the Florida Building Code, Building,Florida Building Code, Mechanical, and Florida BuildingCode, Plumbing, as applicable, that specify material standards,detail of installation and connection, joints, penetrations andcontinuity of any element, component or system in the building.

[FG] 602.3.1 Florida Building Code, Fuel Gas. The folII lowing sections of the Florida Building Code, Fuel Gas

shall constitute the fuel gas materials and methods requirements for Level 1 alterations.

1. All ofChapter 3, titled "General Regulations," exceptSections 303.7 and 306.

2. All of Chapter 4, titled "Gas Piping Installations,"except Sections 401.8 and 402.3.

2.1. Sections 401.8 and 402.3 shall apply when thework being performed increases the load onthe system such that the existing pipe does notmeet the size required by code. Existing systems that are modified shall not requireresizing as long as the load on the system isnot increased and the system length is not increased even if the altered system does notmeet code minimums.

3. All of Chapter 5, titled "Chimneys and Vents."

4. All of Chapter 6, titled "Specific Appliances."



603.1 General. Alterations shall be done in a manner thatmaintains the level of fire protection provided.


604.1 General. Means of egress for buildings undergoingalteration shall comply with the requirements of Section 601.1and the scoping provisions of Chapter 1 where applicable.

Exception: Door and window dimensions. In residentialdwellings and dwelling units, a maximum of 5 percentreduction in the clear opening dimensions of replacementdoors and windows shall be allowed.


605.1 Accessibility shall be in accordance with Chapter 11 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.

605.1.1 Entrances. Reserved.

605.1.2 Elevators. Reserved.

605.1.3 Platform lifts. Reserved.

605.1.4 Ramps. Reserved.

605.1.5 Dining areas. Reserved.

605.1.6 Performance areas. Reserved.

605.1.7 Jury boxes and witness stands. Reserved.

605.1.8 Dwelling or sleeping units. Reserved.

605.1.9 Toilet rooms. Reserved.

605.1.10 Dressing, fitting and locker rooms. Reserved.

605.1.11 Thresholds. Reserved.

605.1.12 Extent of application. Reserved.

605.2 Alterations affecting an area containing a primaryfunction. Reserved.


606.1 General. Where alteration work includes replacement ofequipment that is supported by the building or where areroofing permit is required, the structural provisions of thissection shall apply.

606.2 Design criteria. Existing structural components supporting alteration work shall comply with this section.

Exception: Nonstructural alterations exclusive of fixturesand furniture, the cost of which does not exceed 25 percentof the replacement value of the existing building or struc-

6.1

II

II

II

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 1

ture, with the approval of the building official may be madeof the same material of which the building or structure isconstructed.

606.2.1 Addition or replacement of roofing or replacement of equipment. Where addition or replacement ofroofing or replacement of equipment results in additionaldead loads, structural components supporting suchreproofing or equipment shall comply with the vertical loadrequirements of the Florida Building Code.

Exceptions:

1. Structural elements where the additional dead loadfrom the roofing or equipment is not increased bymore than 5 percent.

2. Buildings constructed in accordance with the FloridaBuilding Code, Residential or the conventional construction methods of the Florida Building Code andwhere the additional dead load from the roofing orequipment is not increased by more than 5 percent.

3. Addition of a second layer of roof covering weighing3 pounds per square foot (0.1437 kN/m2) or less overan existing, single layer of roof covering shall be per-mitted.

606.2.2 Parapet bracing and wall anchors for reroofpermits. Unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildingsshall have parapet bracing and wall anchors installed at theroof line whenever a reroofing permit is issued.

606.3 Roof diaphragm. Where roofing materials are removedfrom more than 50 percent of the roof diaphragm of a buildingor section of a building where the roof diaphragm is a part ofthe main windforce-resisting system the integrity of the roofdiaphragm shall be evaluated and if found deficient because ofinsufficient or deteriorated connections, such connectionsshall be provided or replaced.

606.4 Replacement of windows and doors. The replacementof garage doors, exterior doors, skylights, operative and inoperative windows shall be designed and constructed to complywith Chapter 16 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exceptions:

1. Opening protection exception: For one- and two-family dwellings constructed under codes other than theFlorida Building Code and located in wind-bornedebris regions, the replacement of garage doors andexterior doors with glazing, sliding glass doors, glasspatio doors, skylights and operable and inoperablewindows within any 12-month period shall not berequired to have opening protection but shall bedesigned for wind pressures for enclosed buildings,provided the aggregate area of the glazing in thereplaced components does not exceed 25 percent ofthe aggregate area of the glazed openings in the dwelling or dwelling unit.

2. Opening protection exception for High-VelocityHurricane Zones: For one- and two-family dwellingsconstructed under codes prior to September 1, 1994,the replacement of exterior doors with glazing, sliding glass doors, glass patio doors, skylights and oper:-

6.2

able and inoperable windows within any 12-month -period shall not be required to have opening protec- _tion, provided the aggregate area of the glazing in thereplaced components does not exceed 25 percent ofthe aggregate area of the glazed openings in the dwell-ing or dwelling unit.

606.5 Openings in sunrooms, enclosed balconies and enclosedporches constructed under existing roofs or decks are notrequired to be protected, provided the space is separated fromthe building interior by a wall and all openings in the separatingwall are protected in accordance with Section 1609.1.2 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. Such spaces shall be permitted to be designed as enclosed or partially enclosed.(High-Velocity Hurricane Zones must comply with Chapter 16of the Florida Building Code, Building.)

SECTION 607ENERGY CONSERVATION

RESERVED(See Section 612)


608.1 Residential R-3 occupancies.

608.1.1 Existing wiring and equipment. Existing electrical wiring and equipment undergoing repair shall be permitted to be repaired or replaced with like material.

608.1.2 Replacement of receptacles. For replacement ofnongrounding-type receptacles with grounding-type receptacles and for branch circuits that do not have an equipmentgrounding conductor in the branch circuitry, the groundingconductor of a grounding-type receptacle outlet shall bepermitted to be grounded to any accessible point on thegrounding electrode system or to any accessible point on thegrounding electrode conductor, in accordance with Article250.130 (C) of Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code,Building.

608.1.3 Appliances. Frames of electric ranges,wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units,clothes dryers and outlet or junction boxes that are part ofthe existing branch circuit for these appliances shall be permitted to be grounded to the grounded circuit conductor inaccordance with Article 250.140 of Chapter 27 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.


609.1 General. Existing mechanical systems undergoingalteration shall comply with Section 301.11 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Mechanical.


SECTION 610PLUMBING

610.1 Materials. The following plumbing materials and supplies shall not be used:

1. Sheet and tubular copper and brass trap and tailpiece fittings less than the minimum wall thickness of0.027 inch(0.69 mm).

2. Solder having more than 0.2-percent lead in the repair ofpotable water systems.

3. Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventi1ated space or having walls that are not thoroughlywashed at each discharge in accordance with ASMEA112.19.2 M.

4. The following types of joints shall be prohibited:

4.1. Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints.

4.2. Joints made with fittings not approved for the specific installation.

4.3. Joints between different diameter pipes made withelastomeric rolling O-rings.

4.4. Solvent-cement joints between different types ofplastic pipe.

4.5. Saddle-type fittings.

5. The following types of traps are prohibited:

5.1. Traps that depend on moving parts to maintain theseal.

5.2. Bell traps.

5.3. Crown-vented traps.

5.4. Traps not integral with a fixture and that depend oninterior partitions for the seal, except those trapsconstructed of an approved material that is resistant to corrosion and degradation.

610.2 Water closet replacement. When any water closet isreplaced, the replacement water closet shall comply with theFlorida Building Code, Plumbing. The maximum water consumption flow rates and quantities for all replaced water closets shall be 1.6 gallons (6 L) per flushing cycle.

Exception: Blowout design water closets [3.5 gallons (13L) per flushing cycle].

SECTION 611REROOFING

611.1 General. Materials and methods of application used forrecovering or replacing an existing roof covering shall complywith the requirements of Chapter 15 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building. Roof repairs to existing roofs and roof coverings shall comply with the provisions of this code.

Exception: Reroofing shall not be required to meet the minimum design slope requirement of 1/4: 12 in Section 1507 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building for roofs that providepositive roof drainage (high-velocity hurricane zones shallcomply with Sections 1515.2.2.1 and 1515.2.2.2 of theFlorida Building Code, Building).


ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 1

611.1.1 Not more than 25 percent of the total roof area orroof section of any existing building or structure shall berepaired, replaced or recovered in any 12 month periodunless the entire roofing system or roof section conforms torequirements of this code.

611.2 Structural and construction loads. The structural roofcomponents shall be capable of supporting the roof coveringsystem and the material and equipment loads that will beencountered during installation of the roof covering system.

611.3 Recovering versus replacement. New roof coveringsshall not be installed without first removing existing roof coverings where any of the following conditions occur:

1. When the old roofing is water-soaked or deteriorated tothe point that it is not suitable as a base for additionalroofing.

2. When blisters exist in any roofing, unless blisters are cutor scraped open and nailed down before applying additional roofing.

3. When the existing roof surface is gravel or the like, thegravel shall be thoroughly removed or all loose gravelremoved and approved base material installed beforeapplying additional roofing.

4. When existing roof is slate or the like.

5. When sheathing or supports are deteriorated to the pointthat the roof structural system is not substantial enoughto support recovering.

6. When the existing roof has two or more applications ofany type roofing material. Conformance with this itemshall make replacement mandatory.

Exceptions:

1. Building and structures located within theHigh-Velocity Hurricane Zone shall comply withthe provisions of Sections 1512 through 1525 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.

2. When the structural deck is concrete and the existing roof is firmly attached to the deck, the roofshall be removed down to a minimum of three pliesof moisture-free felts.

3. When otherwise approved by the building official.

4. Wood shingles or shakes shall not be placed overmore than one application of wood or asphalt shingles. Wood shingles or shakes may be placed overexisting shakes when installed in accordance withCedar Shake and Shingle Bureau recommendations.

611.4 Roof recovering. Where the application of a new roofcovering over wood shingle or shake roofs creates a combustible concealed space, the entire existing surface shall be covered with gypsum board, mineral fiber, glass fiber or otherapproved materials securely fastened in place.

611.5 Reinstallation of materials. Existing slate, clay orcement tile shall be permitted for reinstallation, except thatdamaged, cracked or broken slate or tile shall not be reinstalled.Existing vent flashing, metal edgings, drain outlets, collars andmetal counter flashings shall not be reinstalled where rusted,

6.3

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 1

damaged or deteriorated. Aggregate surfacing materials shallnot be reinstalled (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones shall comply with Sections 1512 through 1525 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building).

611.6 Flashings. Flashings shall be reconstructed in accordance with roof covering manufacturer's installation instructions. Metal flashing to which bituminous materials are to beadhered shall be primed prior to installation (High-VelocityHurricane Zones shall comply with Sections 1512 through1525 of the Florida Building Code, Building).


612.1 Minimum requirements. Alterations subject to thischapter shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 13 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.


CHAPTER 7

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2

SECTION 701GENERAL

701.1 Scope. Level 2 alterations as described in Section 404shall comply with the requirements of this chapter.

Exception: Buildings in which the reconfiguration is exclusively the result of compliance with the accessibilityrequirements of Section 605.2 shall be permitted to complywith Chapter 6.

701.2 Alteration Level 1 compliance. In addition to therequirements of this chapter, all work shall comply with therequirements of Chapter 6.

701.3 Compliance. All new construction elements, components, systems, and spaces shall comply with the requirements

II of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exceptions:

1. Windows may be added without requiring compliance with the light and ventilation requirements of the

II Florida Building Code, Building.

2. Newly installed electrical equipment shall comply_ with the requirements of Section 708.

., 3. The length of dead-end corridors in newly con-structed spaces shall only be required to comply withthe provisions of Section 705.6.

4. The minimum ceiling height of the newly createdhabitable and occupiable spaces and corridors shallbe 7 feet (2134 mm).

II

SECTION 702SPECIAL USE AND OCCUPANCY

RESERVED


703.1 Scope. The requirements of this section are limited towork areas in which Level 2 alterations are being performed,and shall apply beyond the work area where specified.

703.2 Vertical openings. Existing vertical openings shallcomply with the provisions of Sections 703.2.1, 703.2.2, and703.2.3.

703.2.1 Existing vertical openings. All existing interiorvertical openings connecting two or more floors shall comply with the appropriate sections of the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

Exceptions:

1. One- and two-family dwellings.

2. Group S occupancies where vertical opening protection is not required for open parking garagesand ramps.


703.2.2 Supplemental shaft and floor opening enclosurerequirements. Where the work area on any floor exceeds50 percent of that floor area, the enclosure requirements ofSection 703.2 shall apply to vertical openings other thanstairways throughout the floor.

Exception: Vertical openings located in tenant spacesthat are entirely outside the work area.

703.2.3 Supplemental stairway enclosure requirements.Where the work area on any floor exceeds 50 percent ofthatfloor area, stairways that are part of the means of egressserving the work area shall, at a minimum, be enclosed withsmoke-tight construction on the highest work area floor andall floors below.

Exception: Where stairway enclosure is not required bythe Florida Building Code or the Florida Fire Preven- IItion Code.

703.3 Smoke barriers. Smoke barriers in Group 1-2 occupancies shall be installed where required by Sections 703.3.1 and703.3.2.

703.3.1 Compartmentation. See Section 407 of the IIFlorida Building Code, Building .

703.3.2 Fire-resistance rating. The smoke barriers shallbe constructed in accordance with the Florida Building IICode, Building or the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

703.4 Interior finish. The interior finish of walls and ceilingsin exits and corridors in any work area shall comply with therequirements of the Florida Building Code, Building. II

Exception: Existing interior finish materials that do notcomply with the interior finish requirements of the Florida IIBuilding Code, Building shall be permitted to be treatedwith an approved fire-retardant coating in accordance withthe manufacturer's instructions to achieve the required rating.

703.4.1 Supplemental interior finish requirements.Where the work area on any floor exceeds 50 percent of thefloor area, Section 703.4 shall also apply to the interior finish in exits and corridors serving the work area throughoutthe floor.

Exception: Interior finish within tenant spaces that areentirely outside the work area.

703.5 Guards. The requirements of Sections 703.5.1 and703.5.2 shall apply in all work areas.

703.5.1 Minimum requirement. Every portion of a floor,such as a balcony or a loading dock, that is more than 30inches (762 mm) above the floor or grade below and is notprovided with guards, or those in which the existing guardsare judged to be in danger of collapsing, shall be providedwith guards.

703.5.2 Design. Where there are no guards or where existing guards must be replaced, the guards shall be designed

7.1

II

IIIIII

II

II

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2

and installed in accordance with the Florida Building Code,Building.

Exception: Where existing guards are replaced, thedesign may match the existing design.


704.1 Scope. The requirements of this section shall be limitedto work areas in which Level 2 alterations are being performed,and where specified they shall apply throughout the floor onwhich the work areas are located or otherwise beyond the workarea.

704.2 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in accordance with the requirements ofSections 704.2.1 through 704.2.5. Installation requirementsshall be in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Building.

704.2.1 High-rise buildings. See Section 403 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

704.2.1.1 Supplemental automatic sprinkler systemrequirements. Reserved.

704.2.2 Groups A, E, F-l, H,I, M, R-l, R-2, R-4, S-I, andS-2. Reserved.

704.2.3 Windowless stories. Work located in a windowless story, as determined in accordance with the FloridaBuilding Code, Building, shall be sprinklered where thework area is required to be sprinklered under the provisionsof the Florida Building Code, Building as a newly constructed building.

704.2.4 Other required suppression systems. In buildings and areas listed in Table 903.2.13 of the Florida Building Code, Building or the Florida Fire Prevention Code,work areas that include exits or corridors shared by morethan one tenant or serving an occupant load greater than 30shall be provided with sprinkler protection under the following condition:

The work area is required to be provided with automaticsprinkler protection in accordance with the FloridaBuilding Code, Building, applicable to new construction.

704.2.5 Supervision. Fire sprinkler systems required bythis section shall be supervised by one of the followingmethods:

1. Approved central station system in accordance withNFPA 72;

2. Approved proprietary system in accordance withNFPA 72 or;

3. Approved remote station system of the jurisdiction inaccordance with NFPA 72.

Exception: Supervision is not required for the following:

1. Underground gate valve with roadway boxes.

2. Halogenated extinguishing systems.

3. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems.

7.2

4. Dry and wet chemical extinguishing systems.

5. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA I3R where a common supplymain is used to supply both domestic and automatic sprinkler systems and a separate shutoffvalve for the automatic sprinkler system is notprovided.

704.3 Standpipes. Where the work area includes exits or corridors shared by more than one tenant and is located more than50 feet (15 240 mm) above or below the lowest level of firedepartment access, a standpipe system shall be provided.Standpipes shaH have an approved fire department connectionwith hose connections at each floor level above or below thelowest level of fire department access. Standpipe systems shallbe installed in accordance with the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding.

Exceptions:

1. No pump shall be required provided that thestandpipes are capable of accepting delivery by firedepartment apparatus of a minimum of 250 gallonsper minute (gpm) at 65 pounds per square inch (psi)(946 Lim at 448 kPa) to the topmost floor in buildingsequipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system or a minimum of 500 gpm at 65 psi (1892 Lim at448 kPa) to the topmost floor in all other buildings.Where the standpipe terminates below the topmostfloor, the standpipe shall be designed to meet(gprn/psi) (L/m/kPa) requirements of this exceptionfor possible future extension of the standpipe.

2. The interconnection of multiple standpipe risers shallnot be required

704.4 Fire alarm and detection. An approved fire alarm system shall comply with the appropriate sections of the FloridaFire Protection Code for existing buildings.

704.4.1 Occupancy requirements. Reserved.

704.4.2 Supplemental fire alarm system requirements.Reserved.

704.4.3 Smoke alarms. Individual sleeping units and individual dwelling units in any work area in Group R-I, R-2,R-3, R-4, and I-I occupancies shall be provided with smokealarms in accordance with the Florida Fire Prevention IICode.

Exception: Interconnection of smoke alarms outside ofthe rehabilitation work area shall not be required.


705.1 Scope. The requirements of this section shall be limitedto work areas that include exits or corridors shared by morethan one tenant within the work area in which Level 2 alter-ations are being performed, and where specified they shall _apply throughout the floor on which the work areas are located •or otherwise beyond the work area.

705.2 General. The means of egress shall comply with therequirements of this section.


eII

II

Exceptions:

1. Where the work area and the means of egress servingit complies with the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

2. Means of egress conforming to the requirements ofthe Florida Building Code, Building and the FloridaFire Prevention Code under which the building wasconstructed shall be considered compliant means ofegress if, in the opinion of the code official, they donot constitute a distinct hazard to life.

705.3 Number of exits. The number of exits shall be in accordance with the appropriate sections of the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

Exception: Building of Group R-3 occupancies shall comply with the Florida Building Code, Building.

705.3.1 Minimum number. Reserved.

705.3.1.1 Single-exit buildings. Reserved.

705.3.1.2 Fire escapes required. Fire escapes shallcomply with the appropriate sections of the Florida FirePrevention Code.

705.3.1.2.1 Fire escape access and details. Fireescapes shall comply with all of the followingrequirements:

1. Occupants shall have unobstructed access tothe fire escape without having to pass through aroom subject to locking.

2. Access to a new fire escape shall be through adoor, except that windows shall be permitted toprovide access from single dwelling units orsleeping units in Group R-1, R-2, and I-I occupancies or to provide access from spaces havinga maximum occupant load of 10 in other occupancy classifications.

3. Newly constructed fire escapes shall be permitted only where exterior stairs cannot be utilizedbecause of lot lines limiting the stair size orbecause of the sidewalks, alleys, or roads atgrade level.

4. Openings within 10 feet (3048 mm) of fireescape stairs shall be protected by fire assemblies having minimum 3/4-hour fire-resistanceratings.

Exception: Opening protection shall not berequired in buildings equipped throughoutwith an approved automatic sprinkler system.

5. In all buildings of Group E occupancy, up toand including the 12th grade, buildings ofGroup I occupancy, rooming houses, andchildcare centers, ladders of any type are prohibited on fire escapes used as a required meansof egress.

705.3.1.2.2 Construction. The fire escape shall bedesigned to support a live load of 100 pounds persquare foot (4788 Pa) and shall be constructed of steel


ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2

or other approved noncombustible materials. Fireescapes constructed of wood not less than nominal 2inches (51 mm) thick are permitted on buildings ofType V construction. Walkways and railings locatedover or supported by combustible roofs in buildingsofTypes III and IV construction are permitted to be ofwood not less than nominal 2 inches (51 mm) thick.

705.3.1.2.3 Dimensions. Stairs shall be at least 22inches (559 mm) wide with risers not more than, andtreads not less than, 8 inches (203 mm). Landings atthe foot of stairs shall not be less than 40 inches (1016mm) wide by 36 inches (914 mm) long and locatednot more than 8 inches (203 mm) below the door.

705.3.2 Mezzanines. Travel distance for mezzanines shall IIcomply with Chapter 10 of the Florida Building Code,Building.

705.3.3 Main entrance-Group A. All buildings ofGroupA with an occupant load of 300 or more shall be providedwith a main entrance capable of serving as the main exitwith an egress capacity of at least one half of the total occupant load. The remaining exits shall be capable ofprovidingone half of the total required exit capacity.

Exception: Where there is no well-defined main exit orwhere multiple main exits are provided, exits shall bepermitted to be distributed around the perimeter of thebuilding provided that the total width ofegress is not lessthan 100 percent of the required width.

705.4 Egress doorways. Egress doorways in any work areashall comply with Sections 705.4.1 through 705.4.5.

705.4.1 Two egress doorways required. Work areas shallbe provided with two egress doorways in accordance withthe requirements of Sections 705.4.1.1 and 705.4.1.2.

705.4.1.1 Occupant load and travel distance. In anywork area, all rooms and spaces having an occupant loadgreater than 50 or in which the travel distance to an exitexceeds 75 feet (22 860 mm) shall have a minimum oftwo egress doorways.

Exception: Storage rooms in Group S-1 and S-2 IIoccupancies having a maximum occupant load of 10.

705.4.1.2 Group 1-2. In buildings of Group 1-2 occupancy, any patient sleeping room or suite of patientrooms greater than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) within thework area shall have a minimum of two egress doorways.

705.4.2 Door swing. In the work area and in the egress pathfrom any work area to the exit discharge, all egress doorsserving an occupant load greater than 50 shall swing in thedirection of exit travel.

705.4.2.1 Supplemental requirements for door swing.Where the work area exceeds 50 percent of the floor area,door swing shall comply with Section 705.4.2 throughout the floor.

Exception: Means of egress within or serving only atenant space that is entirely outside the work area.

7.3

II

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2

705.4.3 Door closing. In any work area, all doors openingonto an exit passageway at grade or an exit stair shall beself-closing or automatically closing by listed closingdevices.

Exceptions:

1. Where exit enclosure is not required by the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

2. Means of egress within or serving only a tenantspace that is entirely outside the work area

705.4.3.1 Supplemental requirements for door closing. Where the work area exceeds 50 percent of the floorarea, doors shall comply with Section 705.4.3 throughout the exit stair from the work area to the level of exitdischarge.

705.4.4 Panic hardware. In any work area, and in theegress path from any work area to the exit discharge, inbuildings or portions thereof of Group A assembly occupancies with an occupant load greater than 100, all requiredexit doors equipped with latching devices shall be equippedwith approved panic hardware.

705.4.4.1 Supplemental requirements for panic hardware. Where the work area exceeds 50 percent of thefloor area, panic hardware shall comply with Section705.4.4 throughout the floor.

Exception: Means ofegress within a tenant space thatis entirely outside the work area.

705.4.5 Emergency power source in Group 1-3. Workareas in buildings of Group 1-3 occupancy having remotepower unlocking capability for more than 10 locks shall beprovided with an emergency power source for such locks.Power shall be arranged to operate automatically upon failure of normal power within 10 seconds and for a duration of

IInot less than II12 hours.

705.5 Openings in corridor walls. Reserved.

705.5.1 Corridor doors. Corridor doors in the work areashall not be constructed of hollow core wood and shall notcontain louvers. All dwelling unit or sleeping unit corridordoors in work areas in buildings of Groups R-l, R-2, and I-Ishall be at least Pis-inch (35 rnrn) solid core wood orapproved equivalent and shall not have any glass panels,other than approved wired glass or other approved glazingmaterial in metal frames. All dwelling unit or sleeping unitcorridor doors in work areas in buildings of Groups R-l, R-2,and I-I shall be equipped with approved door closers. Allreplacement doors shall be P/4-inch (45 rnrn) solid bondedwood core or approved equivalent, unless the existing framewill accommodate only a Pis-inch (35 rnrn) door.

Exceptions:

1. Corridor doors within a dwelling unit or sleepingunit.

2. Existing doors meeting the requirements of HUDGuideline on Fire Ratings of Archaic Materialsand Assemblies (IEBC Resource A) for a rating of15 minutes or more shall be accepted as meetingthe provisions of this requirement.

7.4

3. Existing doors in buildings protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system shall _be required only to resist smoke, be reasonablytight fitting, and shall not contain louvers.

4. In group homes with a maximum of 15 occupantsand that are protected with an approved automaticdetection system, closing devices may be omitted.

5. Door assemblies having a fire-protection rating ofat least 20 minutes.

705.5.1.1 Corridor doors in the work area shall not beconstructed of hollow core wood and shall not containlouvers.

705.5.1.2 All replacement doors shall be P/4-inch (45rnrn) solid bonded wood core or approved equivalent,unless the existing frame will accommodate only a13/ s-inch (35 rnrn) door.

705.5.1.3 All dwelling unit, guestroom or rooming unitcorridor doors in work areas in buildings of Groups R-1,R-2, and I-I shall be at least 13/ 8 -inch (35 mm) solid corewood or approved equivalent and shall not have anyglass panels other than approved wired glass or otherapproved glazing material in metal frames. All dwellingunit or sleeping unit corridor doors in work areas inbuildings of Groups R-1, R-2, and I-I shall be equippedwith approved door closers.

Exceptions:

1. Corridor doors within a dwelling unit orguestroom.

2. Existing doors meeting the requirements ofHUD Guideline on Fire Ratings of ArchaicMaterials and Assemblies (FEBC Appendix C)for a rating of 15 minutes or more shall beaccepted as meeting the provisions of thisrequirement.

3. Existing doors in buildings protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system shall be required only to resist smoke, bereasonably tight fitting and shall be equippedwith approved door closers, and shall not contain louvers.

4. In group homes with a maximum of 15 occupants and that are protected with an approvedautomatic detection system, closing devicesmay be omitted.

5. Door assemblies having a fire-resistance ratingof at least 20 minutes.

705.5.2 Transoms. In all buildings of Group I-I, R-1, andR-2 occupancy, all transoms in corridor walls in work areasshall either be glazed with 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) wired glass setin metal frames or other glazing assemblies having afire-protection rating as required for the door and perma- .nendy secured in the closed position or sealed with materi-als consistent with the corridor construction.

705.5.3 Other corridor openings. In any work area, anyother sash, grille, or opening in a corridor and any window


in a corridor not opening to the outside air shall be sealedwith materials consistent with the corridor construction.

705.5.3.1 Supplemental requirements for other corri-I I dor opening. Reserved.

705.5.4 Supplemental requirements for corridor openings. Where the work area on any floor exceeds 50 percentof the floor area the requirements of Sections 705.5.1

IIthrough 705.5.3 shall apply throughout the floor. This section shall be applicable to all corridor windows, grilles, sashand other openings on the floor.

705.6 Dead-end corridors. Dead-end corridors in any work

II area shall comply with the requirements of Section 1016.3 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.

705.7 Means-of-egress lighting. Means-of-egress lightingshall be in accordance with this section, as applicable.

705.7.1 Artiflciallighting required. Means ofegress in allwork areas shall be provided with artificial lighting in

II accordance with the requirements of the Florida BuildingCode, Building.

705.7.2 Supplemental requirements for means of egresslighting. Where the work area on any floor exceeds 50 per

II cent of that floor area, means of egress lighting throughoutthe floor shall comply with Section 705.7.1.

Exception: Means of egress within or serving only atenant space that is entirely outside the work area.e 705.8 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be in accordance with this

section, as applicable.

705.8.1 Work areas. Means ofegress in all work areas shallbe provided with exit signs in accordance with the require-

II ments of the Florida Building Code, Building.

705.8.2 Supplemental requirements for exit signs.Where the work area on any floor exceeds 50 percent of that

II floor area, means of egress exiting signs throughout thefloor shall comply with Section 705.8.1.

II Exception: Means ofegress within or serving only a ten-ant space that is entirely outside the work area.

705.9 Handrails. The requirements of Section 705.9.1 and705.9.2 shall apply to handrails from the work area floor to thelevel of exit discharge.

705.9.1 Minimum requirement. Every required exit stairway that is part of the means of egress for any work area andthat has three or more risers and is not provided with at leastone handrail, or in which the existing handrails are judged tobe in danger of collapsing, shall be provided with handrailsfor the full length of the run of steps on at least one side. Allexit stairways with a required egress width of more than 66inches (1676 mm) shall have handrails on both sides.

705.9.2 Design. Handrails required in accordance with Section 705.9.1 shall be designed and installed in accordance

.-

with the provisions of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exception: Handrails being replaced in part may matchthe existing design.

705.10 Guards. The requirements of Sections 705.10.1 and705.10.2 shall apply to guards from the work area floor to the


ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2

level of exit discharge but shall be confined to the egress pathof any work area.

705.10.1 Minimum requirement. Every open portion of astair, landing, or balcony that is more than 30 inches (762mm) above the floor or grade below and is not provided withguards, or those portions in which existing guards arejudged to be in danger of collapsing, shall be provided withguards.

705.10.2 Design. Guards required in accordance with Section 705.10.1 shall be designed and installed in accordancewith the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exception: Guards being replaced in part may match theexisting design.


706.1 General. A building, facility, or element that is alteredshall comply with Chapter 11 of the Florida Building Code,Building.

706.2 Stairs and escalators in existing buildings. Reserved.

706.3 Dwelling units and sleeping units. Reserved.


707.1 General. Where alteration work includes installation ofadditional equipment that is structurally supported by thebuilding or reconfiguration of space such that portions of thebuilding become subjected to higher gravity loads as requiredby Tables 1607.1 and 1607.6 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones IIshall comply with Table 1615 and Section 1615.2) of theFlorida Building Code, Building, the provisions of this sectionshall apply.

707.2 Reduction of strength. Alterations shall not reduce thestructural strength or stability of the building, structure, or anyindividual member thereof.

Exception: Such reduction shall be allowed as long as thestrength and the stability of the building are not reduced tobelow the Florida Building Code, Building levels.

707.3 New structural members. New structural members inalterations, including connections and anchorage, shall com-ply with the Florida Building Code, Building. II707.4 Existing structural members. Existing structural components supporting additional equipment or subjected to additionalloads based on Florida Building Code, Building, Tables II1607.1 and 1607.6 (High-Velocity Hurricane Zones shall comply with Table 1615 and Section 1615.2) as a result of a reconfiguration of spaces shall comply with Sections 707.4.1through 707.4.3.

707.4.1 Gravity loads. Existing structural elements supporting any additional gravity loads as a result of additionalequipment or space reconfiguration shall comply with theFlorida Building Code, Building. II

7.5

I I 707.4.3 Snow drift loads. Reserved.


708.1 New installations. All newly installed electrical equipment and wiring relating to work done in any work area shallcomply with the materials and methods requirements of

II Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

708.2 Existing installations. Existing wiring in all work areasin Group A-I, A-2, A-5, H, and I occupancies shall be

II upgraded to meet the requirements ofChapter 27 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

708.3 Residential occupancies. In Group R-2, R-3, and R-4

II occupancies and buildings regulated by the Florida BuildingCode, Residential, the requirements of Sections 708.3.1through 708.3.7 shall be applicable only to work areas locatedwithin a dwelling unit.

708.3.1 Enclosed areas. All enclosed areas, other thanclosets, kitchens, basements, garages, hallways, laundryareas, utility areas, storage areas, and bathrooms shall havea minimum of two duplex receptacle outlets or one duplexreceptacle outlet and one ceiling or wall-type lighting outlet.

708.3.2 Kitchens. Kitchen areas shall have a minimum oftwo duplex receptacle outlets.

708.3.3 Laundry areas. Laundry areas shall have a minimum of one duplex receptacle outlet located near the laundry equipment.

II 708.3.4 Ground fault circuit interruption. Reserved.

708.3.5 Minimum lighting outlets. At least one lightingoutlet shall be provided in every bathroom, hallway, stairway, attached garage, and detached garage with electricpower, and to illuminate outdoor entrances and exits.

II

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2

Exceptions:

1. Structural elements whose stress is not increasedby more than 5 percent.

2. Buildings of Group R occupancy with not morethan five dwelling units or sleeping units usedsolely for residential purposes where the existingbuilding and its alteration comply with the conventionallight-frame construction methods as definedin Chapter 2.

707.4.2 Lateral loads. Buildings in which Level 2 alterations increase the seismic base shear by more than 10 percent or decrease the seismic base shear capacity by morethan 10 percent shall comply with the structural requirements specified in Sections 807.5 and 807.7. Changes inbase shear and base shear capacity shall be calculated relative to conditions at the time of the original construction.

Exception: If the building's seismic base shear capacityhas been increased since the original construction, thepercentage changes shall be permitted to be calculatedrelative to the increased value.

708.3.6 Utility rooms and basements. At least one lighting _outlet shall be provided in utility rooms and basements •where such spaces are used for storage or contain equipmentrequiring service.

708.3.7 Residential R-3 occupancies.

708.3.7.1 Existing electrical wiring. Existing electricalwiring and equipment undergoing repair or replacementshall be permitted to be repaired or replaced with likematerial.

708.3.7.2 Replacement receptacles. For replacementof nongrounding-type receptacles with grounding-typereceptacles and for branch circuits that do not have anequipment grounding conductor in the branch circuitry,the grounding conductor of a grounding-type receptacleoutlet shall be permitted to be grounded to any accessiblepoint on the grounding electrode system, or to any accessible point on the grounding electrode conductor, inaccordance with Article 250.130(c) of Chapter 27 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

708.3.7.3 Appliances. Frames of electric ranges,wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units,clothes dryers and outlet or junction boxes that are part ofthe existing branch circuit for these appliances shall bepermitted to be grounded to the grounded circuit conductor in accordance with Article 250.140 of Chapter 27 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.


709.1 Reconfigured or converted spaces. All reconfiguredspaces intended for occupancy and all spaces converted to habitable or occupiable space in any work area shall be providedwith natural or mechanical ventilation or exhaust in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Mechanical.

709.2 Existing mechanical systems. Existing mechanicalsystems undergoing repair shall comply with Section 301.11 ofthe Florida Building Code, Mechanical.

709.3 Local exhaust. Reserved.

SECTION 710PLUMBING

710.1 Minimum fixtures. Where the occupant load of thestory is increased by more than 20 percent, plumbing fixturesfor the story shall be provided in quantities specified in theFlorida Building Code, Plumbing based on the increased occu- IIpant load.

710.2 Materials. The following plumbing materials and supplies shall not be used:

1. Sheet and tubular copper and brass trap and tailpiece fittings less than the minimum wall thickness of0.027 inch(0.69 mm).

2. Solder having more than 0.2-percent lead in the repair ofpotable water systems.


3. Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or having walls that are not thoroughlywashed at each discharge in accordance with ASMEA112.19.2M.

4. The following types of joints shall be prohibited:

4.1. Mastic or hot-pour bituminous joints.

4.2. Joints made with fittings not approved for thespecific installation.

4.3. Joints between different diameter pipes madewith elastomeric rolling O-rings.

4.4. Solvent-cement joints between different typesof plastic pipe.

4.5. Saddle-type fittings.

5. The following types of trap are prohibited:

5.1. Traps that depend on moving parts to maintainthe seal.

5.2. Bell traps.

5.3. Crown-vented traps.

5.4. Traps not integral with a fixture and that dependon interior partitions for the seal, except thosetraps constructed of an approved material that isresistant to corrosion and degradation.

710.3 Replacement fixtures. Replacement fixtures shall beinstalled in accordance with the Florida Building Code,Plumbing.

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 2


11



CHAPTER 8

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 3

SECTION 801GENERAL

II 801.1 Scope. Alterations classified as Level 3 alterations asdescribed in Section 405 shall comply with the requirements ofthis chapter.

801.2 Compliance. In addition to the provisions of this chapter, work shall comply with all of the requirements ofChapters6 and 7. The requirements of Sections 703, 704, and 705 shallapply within all work areas whether or not they include exitsand corridors shared by more than one tenant and regardless ofthe occupant load.

Exception: Buildings in which the reconfiguration of spaceaffecting exits or shared egress access is exclusively theresult of compliance with the accessibility requirements ofSection 605.2 shall not be required to comply with thischapter.

II


802.1 High-rise buildings. Any building having occupiedfloors more than 75 feet (22860 mm) above the lowest level offire department vehicle access shall comply with the requirements of Sections 802.1.1 and 802.1.2.

802.1.1 Recirculating air or exhaust systems. When afloor is served by a recirculating air or exhaust system with acapacity greater than 15,000 cubic feet per minute (701m3/s), that system shall be equipped with approved smokeand heat detection devices installed in accordance with theFlorida Building Code, Mechanical.

802.1.2 Elevators. Where there is an elevator or elevatorsfor public use, at least one elevator serving the work areashall comply with the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

Exception: An approved engineering system in accordance with ASME 17.1 or Section 104.11 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building shall be acceptable as an alternative compliance with the section.

802.2 Boiler and furnace equipment rooms. Boiler and furnace equipment rooms adjacent to or within the followingfacilities shall be enclosed by I-hour fire-resistance-rated construction: day nurseries, children's shelter facilities, residentialchildcare facilities, and similar facilities with children belowthe age of21/ 2 years or that are classified as Group 1-2 occupancies, shelter facilities, residences for the developmentally disabled, group homes, teaching family homes, transitional livinghomes, rooming and boarding houses, hotels, and multipledwellings.

Exceptions:

1. Furnace and boiler equipment of low-pressure type,operating at pressures of 15 pounds per square inchgauge (psig) (103.4 KPa) or less for steam equipment


or 170 psig (1171 KPa) or less for hot waterequipment, when installed in accordance with manufacturer recommendations.

2. Furnace and boiler equipment of residential R-3 typewith 200,000 British thermal units (Btu) (2.11 x 108 J)per hour input rating or less is not required to beenclosed.

3. Furnace rooms protected with automatic sprinklerprotection.

802.2.1 Emergency controls. Emergency controls for boil-ers and furnace equipment shall be provided in accordancewith the Florida Building Code, Mechanical in all buildings IIclassified as day nurseries, children's shelter facilities, residential childcare facilities, and similar facilities with children below the age of 2112 years or that are classified asGroup 1-2 occupancies, and in group homes, teaching fam-ily homes, and supervised transitional living homes inaccordance with the following:

1. Emergency shutoff switches for furnaces and boilersin basements shall be located at the top of the stairsleading to the basement; and

2. Emergency shutoff switches for furnaces and boilersin other enclosed rooms shall be located outside ofsuch room.


803.1 Existing shafts and vertical openings. Existing stairways that are part of the means of egress shall comply with the IIappropriate sections of the Florida Fire Prevention Code.

803.2 Fire partitions in Group R-3. Fire separation in GroupR-3 occupancies shall be in accordance with Section 803.2.1.

803.2.1 Separation required. Walls separating the unitsthat are not continuous from the foundation to the undersideof the roof sheathing shall be constructed to provide a continuous fire separation using construction materials consistent with the existing wall or complying with therequirements for new structures. All work shall be performed on the side of the wall that is part of the work area.

Exception: Where alterations or repairs do not result inthe removal of wall or ceiling finishes exposing thestructure, walls are not required to be continuous throughconcealed floor spaces.

803.3 Interior finish. Interior finish in exits serving the workarea shall comply with Section 703.4 between the highest flooron which there is a work area to the floor of exit discharge.

8.1

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 3




807.1 General. Where buildings are undergoing Level 3 alterations including structural alterations, the provisions of thissection shall apply.

807.2 Reduction of strength. Alterations shall not reduce thestructural strength or stability of the building, structure, or anyindividual member thereof.

806.1 General. A building, facility, or element that is alteredshall comply with Chapter 11 of the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding.

804.1.2 Rubbish and linen chutes. Rubbish and linenchutes located in the work area shall be provided withsprinklered protection where protection of the rubbish andlinen chute would be required under the provisions of theFlorida Building Code, Building for new construction.II

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804.1 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinkler sys-

II terns shall be provided in all work areas in accordance with theFlorida Building Code, Building.

804.1.1 High-rise buildings. In high-rise buildings, workareas shall be provided with automatic sprinkler protectionwhere the building has a sufficient municipal water supplysystem to the site. Where the work area exceeds 50 percentof floor area, sprinklers shall be provided for the entire floor.

804.2 Fire alarm and detection systems. Fire alarm and

II detection systems shall comply with the appropriate sections ofthe Florida Fire Prevention Code.

Exception: Such reduction shall be allowed provided thatthe structural strength and the stability of the building arenot reduced to below the Florida Building Code, Building IIlevels.

805.2 Means of egress lighting. Means of egress from thehighest work area floor to the floor of exit discharge shall beprovided with artificial lighting within the exit enclosure in

II accordance with the requirements of the Florida BuildingCode, Building.

805.3 Exit signs. Means of egress from the highest work areafloor to the floor of exit discharge shall be provided with exit

II signs in accordance with the requirements of the Florida Building Code, Building.

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804.2.1 Manual fire alarm systems. Where required by theFlorida Building Code, Building, a manual fire alarm system shall be provided throughout the work area. Alarm notification appliances shall be provided on such floors andshall be automatically activated as required by the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

Exceptions:

1. Alarm-initiating and notification appliances shallnot be required to be installed in tenant spaces outside of the work area.

2. Visual alarm notification appliances are notrequired, except where an existing alarm system isupgraded or replaced or where a new fire alarmsystem is installed.

804.2.2 Automatic fire detection. Where required by theFlorida Building Code, Building for new buildings, automatic fire detection systems shall be provided throughoutthe work area.


805.1 General. The means of egress shall comply with therequirements of Section 705 except as modified in Sections805.2 and 805.3.

807.3 New structural members. New structural members inalterations, including connections and anchorage, shall com-ply with the Florida Building Code, Building. II807.4 Minimum design loads. The minimum design loads onexisting elements of a structure that do not support additionalloads as a result of an alteration shall be the loads applicable at _the time the building was constructed. •

807.5 Structural alterations. Buildings and structures under-going Level 3 structural alterations shall comply with this sec-tion.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings of Group R occupancy with no more thanfive dwelling or sleeping units used solely for residential purposes that are altered based on the conventional light-frame construction methods of theFlorida Building Code, Building or in compliance IIwith the provisions of the Florida Building Code,Residential.

2. Where such alterations involve only the lowest storyof a building and the change of occupancy provisionsof Chapter 9 do not apply, only the lateral-force-resisting components in and below thatstory need comply with this section.

807.5.1 Evaluation and analysis. An engineering evaluation and analysis that establishes the structural adequacy ofthe altered structure shall be prepared by a registeredarchitect or engineer and submitted to the building code IIofficial.

807.5.2 Substantial structural alteration. Where morethan 30 percent of the total sum of floor and roof areas of thebuilding or structure has been or is proposed to be involvedin structural alteration within a 12-month period, the evaluation and analysis shall demonstrate that the altered buildingor structure complies with the Florida Building Code,Building for wind loading.


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807.5.3 Limited structural alteration. Where not morethan 30 percent of the total floor and roof areas of the building are involved in structural alteration within a 12-monthperiod, the evaluation and analysis shall demonstrate thatthe altered building or structure complies with the loadsapplicable at the time of the original construction or of themost recent substantial structural alteration as defined bySection 807.5.2.

807.6 Additional loads. Where gravity loading is increased onthe roof or floor of a building or structure, all structural members affected by such increase shall meet the gravity load

II requirements of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exceptions:

1. Structural elements whose stress is not increased bymore than 5 percent.

2. Buildings of Group R occupancy with no more thanfive dwelling units or sleeping units used solely forresidential purposes that are altered based on the conventional light-frame construction methods asdefined in Chapter 2.

807.7 Voluntary lateral-foree-resisting system alterations.Alterations of existing structural elements and additions ofnew structural elements that are initiated for the purpose ofincreasing the lateral-force-resisting strength or stiffness of anexisting structure and that are not required by other sections ofthis code shall not be required to be designed for forces conforming to the Florida Building Code, provided that an engineering analysis is submitted to show that:

1. The capacity of existing structural elements required toresist forces is not reduced;

2. Either the lateral loading to existing structural elementsis not increased beyond their capacity or the lateral loading to existing structural elements is not increased bymore than 10 percent;

3. New structural elements are detailed and connected tothe existing structural elements as required by the

II Florida Building Code;

4. New or relocated nonstructural elements are detailed andconnected to existing or new structural elements as

II required by the Florida Building Code; and

5. A dangerous condition as defined in this code is not created. Voluntary alterations to lateral-force-resisting systems conducted in accordance with Appendix A and thereferenced standards of this code shall be permitted.

ALTERATIONS-LEVEL 3

,SECTION 808

ENERGY CONSERVATION



CHAPTER 9

CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

SECTION 901GENERAL

901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply where achange of occupancy occurs, as defined in Section 202, including:

1. Where the occupancy classification is not changed, or

2. Where there is a change in occupancy classification orthe occupancy group designation changes.

901.2 Change in occupancy with no change of occupancyclassification. A change in occupancy, as defined in Section202, with no change of occupancy classification shall not bemade to any structure that will subject the structure to any spe-

II cial provisions of the applicable Florida Building Code,including the provisions of Sections 902 through 911, withoutthe approval of the code official. A certificate of occupancyshall be issued where it has been determined that the requirements for the change in occupancy have been met.

901.2.1 Repair and alteration with no change of occupancy classification. Any repair or alteration work undertaken in connection with a change of occupancy that does

_ not involve a change of occupancy classification shall con-• form to the applicable requirements for the work as classi

fied in Chapter 4 and to the requirements of Sections 902through 911.

901.3 Change of occupancy classification. Where the occupancy classification of a building changes, the provisions ofSections 902 through 912 shall apply. This includes a changeof occupancy classification within a group as well as a changeof occupancy classification from one group to a differentgroup.

901.3.1 Partial change of occupancy classification.Where a portion of an existing building is changed to a newoccupancy classification, Section 912 shall apply.

901.4 Certificate of occupancy required. A certificate ofoccupancy shall be issued where a change of occupancy occursthat results in being classified as a different occupancy classifi-

I I cation as determined by the Florida Building Code, Building.


902.1 Compliance with the building code. Where the character or use of an existing building or part of an existing buildingis changed to one of the following special occupancy categories as defined in Chapter 4 of the Florida Building Code,Building, the building shall comply with all of the applicablerequirements of the Florida Building Code, Building.

1. Covered mall buildings.

2. Atriums.

3. Motor vehicle related occupancies.


4. Aircraft related occupancies.

5. Motion picture projection rooms.

6. Stages and platfonns.

7. Special amusement buildings.

8. Incidental use areas.

9. Hazardous materials.

902.2 Underground buildings. An underground building inwhich there is a change of use shall comply with the requirements of the Florida Building Code, Building applicable to IIunderground structures.


903.1 General. Building elements and materials in portions ofbuildings undergoing a change of occupancy classificationshall comply with Section 912.


904.1 General. Fire protection requirements of Section 912shall apply where a building or portions thereof undergo achange of occupancy classification.


905.1 General. Means ofegress in portions ofbuildings undergoing a change of occupancy classification shall comply withSection 912.


906.1 General. Accessibility in portions of buildings undergoing a change of occupancy classification shall comply withChapter 11 of the Florida Building Code, Building. II


907.1 Gravity loads. Buildings or portions thereof subject to achange ofoccupancy where such change in the nature of occupancy results in higher unifonn or concentrated loads based onthe Florida Building Code, Building Tables 1607.1 and 1607.6(high-velocity hurricane zones shall comply with Table1615.2) shall comply with the gravity load provisions of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

Exception: Structural elements whose stress is notincreased by more than 5 percent.

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CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

II 907.2 Wind loads. Buildings and structures subject to achange of occupancy where such change in the nature of occupancy results in higher wind importance factors based on theFlorida Building Code, Building Table 1604.5, (high -velocityhurricane zones shall comply with Table 1615.2) shall be analyzed and shall comply with the applicable wind load provisions of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exception: Where the new occupancy with a higher importance factor is less than or equal to 10 percent of the totalbuilding floor area. The cumulative effect of the area ofoccupancy changes shall be considered for the purposes ofthis exception.

II 907.3 Seismic loads. Reserved.


908.1 Special occupancies. Where the occupancy of an existing building or part of an existing building is changed to one of

II the following special occupancies as described in Chapter 27of the Florida Building Code, Building, the electrical wiringand equipment of the building or portion thereof that containsthe proposed occupancy shall comply with the applicable

II requirements of Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code,Building whether or not a change of occupancy group isinvolved:

1. Hazardous locations.

2. Commercial garages, repair, and storage.

3. Aircraft hangars.

4. Gasoline dispensing and service stations.

5. Bulk storage plants.

6. Spray application, dipping, and coating processes.

7. Health care facilities.

8. Places of assembly.

9. Theaters, audience areas of motion picture and television studios, and similar locations.

10. Motion picture and television studios and similar locations.

11. Motion picture projectors.

908.2 Unsafe conditions. Where the occupancy of an existingbuilding or part of an existing building is changed, all unsafeconditions shall be corrected without requiring that all parts ofthe electrical system be brought up to the current edition of

II Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

908.3 Service upgrade. Where the occupancy of an existingbuilding or part of an existing building is changed, the electri-

I'

cal service shall be upgraded to meet the requirements of Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code, Building, for the newoccupancy.

908.4 Number of electrical outlets. Where the occupancy ofan existing building or part of an existing building is changed,

II the number of electrical outlets shall comply with Chapter 27ofthe Florida Building Code, Building for the new occupancy.

9.2


909.1 Mechanical requirements. Where the occupancy of anexisting building or part of an existing building is changed suchthat the new occupancy is subject to different kitchen exhaustrequirements or to increased mechanical ventilation requirements in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Mechanical, the intent of the respective Florida Building Code,Mechanical provisions shall be complied with for the newoccupancy.

SECTION 910PLUMBING

910.1 Increased demand. Where the occupancy of an exist- IIing building or part of an existing building is changed such thatthe new occupancy is subject to increased or different plumbing fixture requirements or to increased water supply requirements in accordance with the Florida Building CodePlumbing, the intent of the respective Florida Building Code,Plumbing provisions shall be complied with for the new occupancy.

910.2 Food handling occupancies. Reserved.

910.3 Interceptor required. If the new occupancy will produce grease or oil-laden wastes, interceptors shall be providedas required in the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

910.4 Chemical wastes. If the new occupancy will producechemical wastes, the following shall apply:

1. If the existing piping is not compatible with the chemicalwaste, the waste shall be neutralized prior to entering thedrainage system, or the piping shall be changed to a compatible material.

2. No chemical waste shall discharge to a public sewer sys-tem without the approval of the sewage authority.

910.5 Group 1-2. If the occupancy group is changed to Group1-2, the plumbing system shall comply with the applicablerequirements of the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

SECTION 911OTHER REQUIREMENTS

911.1 Light alJld ventilation. Light and ventilation shall comply with the requirements of the Florida Building Code, Build- IIing for the new occupancy.

SECTION 912CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

912.1 General. The provisions of this section shall apply tobuildings or portions thereof undergoing a change of occupancy classification. This includes a change of occupancy classification within a group as well as a change of occupancyclassification from one group to a different group. Such buildings shall also comply with Sections 902 through 911. Theapplication of requirements for the change of occupancy shallbe as set forth in Sections 912.1.1 through 912.1.4. A change ofoccupancy, as defined in Section 202, without a corresponding

2007 fLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

TABLE 912.4MEANS OF EGRESS HAZARD CATEGORIES

912.3 Interior finish. In areas of the building undergoing thechange of occupancy classification, the interior finish of wallsand ceilings shall comply with the requirements of the Florida IIBuilding Code, Building, for the new occupancy classification.

912.4 Means of egress, general. Hazard categories in regardto life safety and means of egress shall be in accordance withTable 912.4.

912.4.1 Means ofegress for change to higher hazard category. When a change of occupancy group is made to ahigher hazard category (lower number) as shown in Table912.4, the means of egress shall comply with the requirements ofChapter 10 of the Florida Building Code, Building. II

Exceptions:

1. Stairways shall be enclosed in compliance with theapplicable provisions of Section 803.1.

2. Existing stairways including handrails and guardscomplying with the requirements of Chapter 8shall be permitted for continued use subject toapproval of the code official.

3. Any stairway replacing an existing stairwaywithin a space where, because of existing construction, the pitch or slope cannot be reduced,shall be permitted for continued use subject toapproval of the building code official.

4. Where an existing corridor is required to be firerated, equivalency can be achieved by eithersprinklering the building or using equivalency asper NFPA 914 or Chapter 7 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building for fire resistance. Also, see Section 1001.2 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

5. Existing corridor doorways, transoms, and othercorridor openings shall comply with the requirements in Sections 705.5.1, 705.5.2, and 705.5.3.

6. Existing dead-end corridors shall comply with therequirements in Section 705.6.

7. Where emergency escape and rescue openings are IIrequired, an existing operable window with clearopening area no less than 4 square feet (0.38 m2)

and with minimum opening height and width of 22inches (559 mm) and 20 inches (508 mm), respectively, with maximum sill height at 44 inches "(1118 mm) above the floor or approved permanentelevated area, shall be accepted as an emergencyescape and rescue opening.

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change of occupancy classification shall comply with Section901.2.

912.1.1 Compliance with Chapter 8. The requirements ofChapter 8 shall be applicable throughout the building for thenew occupancy classification based on the separation conditions set forth in Sections 912.1.1.1 and 912.1.1.2.

912.1.1.1 Change of occupancy classification withoutseparation. Where a pOltion of an existing building ischanged to a new occupancy classification and that portion is not separated from the remainder of the buildingwith a fire-rated wall/ceiling having a fire-resistance rating as required in the Florida Building Code for the separate occupancy, the entire building shall comply with allof the requirements of Chapter 8 applied throughout thebuilding for the most restrictive occupancy classificationin the building and with the requirements of this chapter.

912.1.1.2 Change of occupancy classification withseparation. Where a portion of an existing building thatis changed to a new occupancy classification and thatportion is separated from the remainder of the buildingwith fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating asrequired in the Florida Building Code for the separateoccupancy, that portion shall comply with all therequirements of Chapter 8 for the new occupancy classification and with the requirements of this chapter.

912.1.2 Fire protection and interior finish. The provisions of Sections 912.2 and 912.3 for fire protection andinterior finish, respectively, shall apply to all buildingsundergoing a change of occupancy classification.

912.1.3 Change of occupancy classification based onhazard category. The relative degree of hazard betweendifferent occupancy classifications shall be determined inaccordance with the category specified in Tables 912.4,912.5 and 912.6. Such a determination shall be the basis forthe application of Sections 912.4 through 912.7.

912.1.4 Accessibility. All buildings undergoing a change ofoccupancy classification shall comply with Section 912.8.

912.2 Fire protection systems. Fire protection systems shallbe provided in accordance with Sections 912.2.1 and 912.2.2.

912.2.1 Fire sprinkler system. Where a change in occupancy classification occurs that requires an automatic firesprinkler system to be provided based on the new occupancy in accordance with Chapter 9 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building, such system shall be provided throughoutthe area where the change of occupancy occurs.

912.2.2 Fire alarm and detection system. Where a changein occupancy classification occurs that requires a fire alarmand detection system to be provided based on the new occupancy in accordance with Chapter 9 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building, such system shall be provided throughoutthe area where the change of occupancy occurs. Existingalarm notification appliances shall be automatically activated throughout the building. Where the building is notequipped with a fire alarm system, alarm notification appliances shall be provided throughout the area where thechange of occupancy occurs and shall be automatically activated.

RELATIVE HAZARD OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS

1 (Highest Hazard) H

2 A, 1-2, 1-3

3 D, E, I-I, M, R-1, R-2, R-4

4 B, F-l, R-3, 5-1

5 (Lowest Hazard) F-2, 5-2, U

II


912.6 Exterior wall fire-resistance ratings. Hazard catego- _ries in regard to fire-resistance ratings of exterior walls shall be •in accordance with Table 912.6.

TABLE 912.6EXPOSURE OF EXTERIOR WALLS HAZARD CATEGORIES

912.6.1 Exterior wall rating for change of occupancyclassification to a higher hazard category. When achange of occupancy group is made to a higher hazard category as shown in Table 912.6, exterior walls shall have fireresistance and exterior opening protectives as required bythe Florida Building Code, Building. This provision shall IInot apply to walls at right angles to the property line.

Exception: A 2-hour fire-resistance rating shall beallowed where the building does not exceed three storiesin height and is classified as one of the following groups:

A-2 and A-3 with an occupant load ofless than 300, B, F,M,orS.

912.6.2 Exterior wall rating for change of occupancyclassification to an equal or lesser hazard category.When a change of occupancy classification is made to an _equal or lesser hazard category as shown in Table 912.6, •existing exterior walls, including openings, shall beaccepted.

912.6.3 Opening protectives. Openings in exterior wallsshall be protected as required by the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding. Where openings in the exterior walls are requiredto be protected because of their distance from the propertyline, the sum of the area of such openings shall not exceed50 percent of the total area of the wall in each story.

Exceptions:

1. Where the Florida Building Code, Building per- IImits openings in excess of 50 percent.

2. Protected openings shall not be required in buildings of Group R occupancy that do not exceedthree stories in height and that are located not lessthan 3 feet (914 mm) from the property line.

3. Where exterior opening protectives are required,an automatic sprinkler system throughout may besubstituted for opening protection.

4. Exterior opening protectives are not requiredwhen the change of occupancy group is to an equalor lower hazard classification in accordance withTable 912.6

912.7 Enclosure of vertical shafts. Enclosure of verticalshafts shall be in accordance with Sections 912.7.1 through _912.7.4. •

912.7.1 Minimum requirements. Vertical shafts shall bedesigned to meet the Florida Building Code, Building IIrequirements for atriums or the requirements of this section.

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CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

912.4.2 Means of egress for change of use to equal orlower hazard category. When a change of occupancy classification is made to an equal or lesser hazard category(higher number) as shown in Table 912.4, existing elementsof the means of egress shall comply with the requirementsof Section 805 for the new occupancy classification. Newlyconstructed or configured means of egress shall complywith the requirements of Chapter 10 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building.

Exception: Any stairway replacing an existing stairwaywithin a space where the pitch or slope cannot be reducedbecause of existing construction shall be permitted forcontinued use subject to approval of the building codeofficial. Also, see Section 1001.4 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building.

912.4.3 Egress capacity. Egress capacity shall meet orexceed the occupant load as specified in the Florida Building Code, Building, for the new occupancy.

912.4.4 Handrails. Existing stairways shall comply withthe handrail requirements of Section 705.9 in the area of thechange of occupancy classification.

912.4.5 Guards. Existing guards shall comply with therequirements in Section 705.10 in the area of the change ofoccupancy classification.

912.5 Heights and areas. Hazard categories in regard toheight and area shall be in accordance with Table 912.5.

TABLE 912.5HEIGHTS AND AREAS HAZARD CATEGORIES

RELATIVE HAZARD OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS


2 A-I, A-2, A-3, A-4, I, R-l, R-2, R-4

3 E, F-l, 5-1, M, D

4 (Lowest Hazard) B, F-2, 5-2, A-5, R-3, U

912.5.1 Height and area for change to higher hazard category. When a change ofoccupancy classification is madeto a higher hazard category as shown in Table 912.5, hei9htsand areas of buildings and structures shall comply with therequirements of Chapter 5 of the Florida Building Code forthe new occupancy classification.

912.5.2 Height and area for change to equal or lesserhazard category. When a change of occupancyclassification is made to an equal or lesser hazard categoryas shown in Table 912.5, the height and area of the existingbuilding shall be deemed acceptable.

912.5.3 Fire-rated wall/ceiling. When a change of occupancy group is made to a higher hazard category as shown inTable 912.5, a fire-rated wall/ceiling in separatedmixed-use buildings shall comply with the fire-resistancerequirements of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exception: Where the fire-rated wall/ceiling is requiredto have a I-hour fire-resistance rating, existing wood lathand plaster in good condition or existing 1/2-inch-thick(12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard shall be permitted.

RELATIVE HAZARD OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION


2 F-l, M, 5-1

3 A, B, E, I, R, D

4 (Lowest Hazard) F-2, 5-2, U

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912.7.2 Stairways. When a change of occupancy classification is made to a higher hazard category as shown in Table912.4, interior stairways shall be enclosed as required by theFlorida Building Code, Building.

Exceptions:

1. In other than Group I occupancies, an enclosureshall not be required for openings serving only oneadjacent floor and that are not connected with corridors or stairways serving other floors.

2. Unenclosed existing stairways need not beenclosed in a continuous vertical shaft if each storyis separated from other stories by I-hour fire-resistance-rated construction or approved wired glassset in steel frames and all exit corridors aresprinklered. An opening between the corridor andthe occupant space shall have at least one sprinklerhead above the openings on the tenant side. Thesprinkler system shall be permitted to be suppliedfrom the domestic water-supply systems, providedthe system is of adequate pressure, capacity andsizing for the combined domestic and sprinklerrequirements.

3. Existing penetrations of stairway enclosures shallbe accepted if they are protected in accordance withthe Florida Building Code, Building.

912.7.3 Other vertical shafts. Interior vertical shafts otherthan stairways, including but not limited to elevatorhoistways and service and utility shafts, shall be enclosed asrequired by the Florida Building Code, Building when thereis a change of use to a higher hazard category as specified inTable 912.4.

Exceptions:

1. Existing I-hour interior shaft enclosures shall beaccepted where a higher rating is required.

2. Vertical openings, other than stairways, in buildings of other than Group I occupancy shall complywith the appropriate sections of the Florida FirePrevention Code.

912.7.4 Openings. All openings into existing vertical shaftenclosures shall be protected by fire assemblies having afire-protection rating of not less than 1 hour and shall bemaintained self-closing or shall be automatic closing byactuation of a smoke detector. All other openings shall befire protected in an approved manner. Existing fusiblelink-type automatic door-closing devices shall be permittedin all shafts except stairways if the fusible link rating doesnot exceed I35°P (57°C).

912.8 Accessibility. Existing buildings or portions thereof thatundergo a change of group or occupancy classification shallcomply with Chapter 11 of the Florida Building Code, Building.


CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY

9.5

CHAPTER 10

ADDITIONS

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1003.1 Compliance with the Florida Building Code. Addi- IItions to existing buildings or structures are new constructionand shall comply with the Florida Building Code, Building. II1003.2 Additional gravity loads. Existing structural elementssupporting any additional gravity loads as a result of additionsshall comply with the Florida Building Code, Building. II

Exceptions:


2. Buildings of Group R occupancy with no more thanfive dwelling units or sleeping units used solely forresidential purposes where the existing building andthe addition comply with the conventionallight-frame construction methods as defined in Chap- IIter 2.

1003.3 Lateral-foree-resisting system. The lateral-force-resisting system ofexisting buildings to which additions are made shall comply with Sections 1003.3.1, 1003.3.2and 1003.3.3.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings of Group R occupancy with no more thanfive dwelling or sleeping units used solely for residential purposes where the existing building and theaddition comply with the conventional light-frameconstruction methods of the Florida Building Code or IIthe provisions of the Florida Building Code, Residen-tial.

2. In other existing buildings where the lateral-forcestory shear in any story is not increased by more than10 percent cumulative.

1003.3.1 Vertical addition. Any element of the lateral-force-resisting system ofan existing building subjectedto an increase in vertical or lateral loads from the verticaladdition shall comply with the lateral load provisions of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

1003.3.2 Horizontal addition. Where horizontal additionsare structurally connected to an existing structure, all lateral-force-resisting elements of the existing structureaffected by such addition shall comply with the lateral loadprovisions of the Florida Building Code, Building.

1003.3.3 Voluntary addition of structural elements toimprove the lateral-foree-resisting system. Voluntaryaddition of structural elements to improve the lateral-force-resisting system of an existing building shallcomply with Section 807.7.

1003.4 Snow drift loads. Reserved.

1003.5 Flood hazard areas. See Section 501.4.

SECTION 1001GENERAL

SECTION 1002HEIGHTS AND AREAS

1001.1 Scope. An addition to a building or structure shall com-II ply with the Florida Building Code as adopted for new con

struction without requiring the existing building or structure tocomply with any requirements ofthose codes or of these provisions, except as required by this chapter. Where an additionimpacts the existing building or structure, that portion shallcomply with this code.

1001.2 Creation or extension ofnonconformity. An additionshall not create or extend any nonconformity in the existingbuilding to which the addition is being made with regard toaccessibility, structural strength, fire safety, means of egress,or the capacity ofmechanical, plumbing, or electrical systems.

1001.3 Other work. Any repair or alteration work within anexisting building to which an addition is being made shall comply with the applicable requirements of the appropriate chapterof this code for the level of rehabilitation undertaken.

1002.1 Height limitations. No addition shall increase theheight of an existing building beyond that permitted under the

II applicable provisions of Chapter 5 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building for new buildings

1002.2 Area limitations. No addition shall increase the area ofan existing building beyond that pennitted under the applicable

II provisions of Chapter 5 of the Florida Building Code, Buildingfor new buildings unless fire separation as required by the

II Florida Building Code, Building is provided.

Exception: In-filling of floor openings and nonoccupiableappendages such as elevator and exit stair shafts shall bepermitted beyond that permitted by the Florida BuildingCode, Building.

1002.3 Fire protection systems. Existing allowable areasincreased by the addition shall comply with Chapter 9 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

Exception: If an existing warehouse is expanded, the addition must comply with the requirements in Chapter 9 of theFlorida Building Code, Building; however, the existingwarehouse need not be updated to meet those requirementsso long as it is in compliance with the Florida BuildingCode, 2001 edition, and with requirements concerningautomatic sprinkler systems in Section 903 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.


ADDITIONS

SECTION 1004SMOKE ALARMS IN OCCUPANCY

GROUPS R-3 AND R-41004.1 Smoke alarms in existing portions of a building.Whenever an addition is made to a building or structure of aGroup R-3 or R-4 occupancy, the existing building shall beprovided with smoke alarms as required by the Florida Building Code, Building or the Florida Building Code, Residentialas applicable. The smoke alarms in the existing building are notrequired to be interconnected with smoke alarms in other portions of the base building.


1005.1 Minimum requirements. Accessibility provisions fornew construction shall apply to additions. An addition thataffects the accessibility to, or contains an area of, primary function shall comply with the requirements in Chapter 11 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.


1006.1 Minimum requirements. Additions to existing buildings or structures shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 13 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

10.2 2007 fLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

CHAPTER 11

HISTORIC BUILDINGS

SECTION 1101GENERAL

1101.1 Intent and purpose. It is the intent of this chapter toprovide means for occupant safety, property conservation anduse of designated historic buildings while protecting those elements, spaces and features that make these buildings historically or architecturally significant.

1101.2 Scope. The provisions of this code acknowledge theneed to preserve the character of historic buildings and shallapply to the repair, alteration, restoration, change of occupancy, addition and relocation of historic buildings.

SECTION 1102DEFINITIONS

HISTORIC BUILDING. For the purposes of this code andthe referenced documents, an historic building is defined as abuilding or structure that is:

1. Individually listed in the National Register of HistoricPlaces; or

2. A contributing property in a National Register of Historic Places listed district; or

3. Designated as historic property under an official municipal, county, special district or state designation, law,ordinance or resolution either individually or as a contributing property in a district; or

4. Determined eligible by the Florida state historic preservation officer for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, either individually or as a contributingproperty in a district.

For accessibility requirements, see the Florida BuildingCode, Building, Chapter 11, Section 11-4.1.7, Accessiblebuildings: historic preservation.

ADAPTIVE REUSE. The conversion of functional change ofa building from the purpose or use for which it was originallyconstructed or designed.

ADAPTIVE USE. A use for a building other than that forwhich it was originally designed or intended.

HISTORIC CHARACTER. The essential quality of an historic building or space that provides its significance. The character might be determined by the historic background,including association with a significant event or person, thearchitecture of design, or the contents or elements and finishesof the building or space.

HISTORIC FABRIC. Original or added building or construction materials, features and finishes that existed during theperiod that is deemed to be most architecturally or historicallysignificant or both.

HISTORIC PRESERVATION. A generic term that encompasses all aspects of the professional and public concern related


to the maintenance of an historic structure, site or element in itscurrent condition, as originally constructed, or with the additions and alterations determined to have acquired significanceover time.

HISTORIC SITE. A place, often with associated structures,having historic significance.

HISTORIC STRUCTURE. A building, bridge, lighthouse,monument, pier, vessel or other construction that is designatedor that is deemed eligible for such designation by a local,regional or national jurisdiction as having historical, architectural or cultural significance.

PRESERVATION. The act or process of applying measuresnecessary to sustain the existing form, integrity and materialsof an historic building or structure.

REHABILITATION, HISTORIC BUILDING. The act orprocess of making possible a compatible use of a propertythrough repair, alterations and additions while preservingthose portions or features which convey its historical, culturalor architectural values.

RESTORATION. The act or process of accurately depictingthe form, features and character of a property as it appeared at aparticular period of time by means of the removal of features,and repair or replacement of damaged or altered features fromthe restoration period.

SECTION 1103STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR

REHABILITATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS

1103.1 Historic preservation goal. The historic preservationgoal of this code shall be to minimize damage to and loss of historic structures, their unique characteristics and their contentsas follows:

1. Maintain and preserve original space configurations ofhistoric buildings.

2. Minimize alteration, destruction or loss ofhistoric fabricor design.

1103.2 Historic preservation objectives.

1. Preservation of the original qualities or character of abuilding, structure, site or environment shall be encouraged.

2. Removal or alteration of any historic material or distinctive architectural features shall be minimized.

3. Distinctive stylistic features or examples of skilledcraftsmanship that characterize a building, structure orsite shall be treated with sensitivity.

4. A compatible use for a property that requires minimalalteration of the building, structure or site and its environment shall be encouraged.

11.1

HISTORIC BUILDINGS

5. New additions or alterations shall be designed and constructed in such a manner that if such additions or alterations were to be removed in the future, the essentialform and integrity of the structure would be to the greatest degree possible unimpaired.

6. Repairs, alterations, restorations, changes of occupancy,additions and relocations shall be guided by the recommended approaches in rehabilitation set forth in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation andGuidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings(Appendix B).

SECTION 1104EQUIVALENCY

1104.1 Equivalency. Nothing in this code shall be intended toprevent the use of systems, methods or devices of equivalent orsuperior quality, strength, fire resistance or effectiveness, provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Technical documentation is submitted to the buildingofficial to document equivalency.

2. The system, method or device is acceptable to the building official.

SECTION 1105COMPLIANCE

1105.1 Strict compliance. Historic structures or portions ofsuch structures that do not strictly comply with this code shallbe considered to be in compliance if it can be shown to the satisfaction of the building code official that equivalent protectionhas been provided or that no hazard will be created or continued through noncompliance.

1105.2 Compliance option. Life safety and property conservation shall be provided in accordance with one of the following options:

1. Prescriptive-based provisions of this code.

2. Compliance alternative-based provisions of this code.

3. Performance-based provisions of NFPA 914, Code forFire Protection ofHistoric Structures, Chapter 6, alongwith a structural evaluation as specified in Section1201.4.1 of this code.

1105.3 Conditions specific to Compliance Options 2 and 3.

1. Architect or engineer required. The evaluation of historic structures utilizing Compliance Options 2 or 3 shallbe completed by a Florida-registered architect or engineer and submitted to the building code official forreview.

2. Documentation. Historic buildings that are determinedto be code compliant through the use of ComplianceOption 2 or 3 shall have copies of the architect or engineer's report kept on site and available for review by thebuilding official.

3. Change of report assumptions. Any remodeling, modification, renovation, change of use or change in theestablished assumptions of the report shall require a

11.2

reevaluation and reapproval by the building code official.

4. Construction safeguards. Construction safeguardsconsistent with Chapter 13 and NFPA 914, Codefor FireProtection of Historic Structures, shall be maintainedduring periods of repair, alteration, change of occupancy, addition and relocation of historic buildings.

5. Maintenance. In addition to the requirements of Section1004, historic buildings shall be maintained in accordance with Chapters 1,2,8,9,10 and 11 ofNFPA 914,Code for Fire Protection ofHistoric Structures.

SECTION 1106INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION

1106.1 Investigation and evaluation report. An historicbuilding undergoing alteration or change ofoccupancy shall beinvestigated and evaluated. If it is intended that the buildingmeet the requirements of this chapter, a written report shall beprepared and filed with the building official by a Florida-registered architect or engineer. Such report shall be in accordancewith the provisions of Sections 4.3.1.2 through 4.3.2 ofNFPA914, Code for Fire Protection ofHistoric Structures and shallidentify each required safety feature that is in compliance withthis chapter and where compliance with this or other chapterswould be damaging to the contributing historic features. Inaddition, the report shall describe each feature that is not incompliance and demonstrate how the intent of the provisionsof this or other chapters are complied with in providing anequivalent level of safety.

SECTION 1107HISTORIC CUBAN TILE

1107.1 Historic Cuban tile is a material with distinct architectural features and unity and with examples of skilled craftsmanship. In order to preserve its use and in accordance withSection 1003.2, Historic preservation objectives, its use shallbe preserved for both existing and new construction with thefollowing requirements.

1107.2 Handmade or hand process made barrel ("C"-shaped)natural clay tile, often variegated in color, either manufacturedin the Republic of Cuba prior to the imposition of the U.S.Embargo, or, in the case of antique tile, manufactured in 18thcentury Spain, salvaged from buildings in Cuba and importedto the United States during the 1920s and 1930s.

1. Identification: Final responsibility for the identificationof historic Cuban tile shall rest with the building official,subject to the appeals process established by the authority having jurisdiction. Historic Cuban tile is generallyidentified in the following manner:

1.1. Tile bearing an embossed identification mark usually located on the convex side at the wide taperend of the tile, the most common of which are:"C.E. SANUDO MADE IN CUBA"~ "JAIMEMADE IN CUBA"; "FLORIDO"; "st ANA R.S.";"St. FELIPE"; "MIA"; "CPS"; "C"; "D"; "DD";"DDD"; "M"; [script] "M"; [script] "JS"; "S";


"SS"; "TZ"; "Z"; "ZZ"; "*", a nonalphabeticalsymbol (such as the "delta" figure created by threefinger-tip impressions in a triangular position), ora distinctive physical characteristic (such as a burlap material impression over the convex surface ofthe tile or finger-made impression band(s) locatedacross the end lap of the convex surface); and

1.2. Tile not bearing an embossed identification mark,a nonalphabetical symbol or a distinctive physicalcharacteristic(s) listed in Item 1 above but determined by official action of the legally constitutedhistoric preservation board or historic preservationofficer of the jurisdiction to be antique Cuban tileof Spanish origin or tile manufactured inpreembargo Cuba.

2. Reapplication of historic Cuban tile - method: Whena structure which bore historic Cuban tile when originally constructed is reroofed, reapplication of historicCuban tile, rather than replacement with new contemporary tile, is preferred and shall be encouraged by thebuilding official. When historic Cuban tile is reappliedunder the circumstances described above, except as otherwise provided herein, all of the requirements of thiscode, especially Chapter 15 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building relating to roof covering and application,shall apply. In addition, the following reapplicationmethods shall be observed:

2.1. Attachment: Historic Cuban tile shall be mortarset or adhesive set to the deck in the same manneras other product approved handmade clay barreltile, in accordance with RAS 120.

2.2. Use with contemporary tile: Where, duringremoval, the salvage ratio ofthe historic Cuban tileis less than 100 percent, it is preferred that thereplacement cap tile also be historic Cuban tile.Where this is not practical or possible, duringreapplication, the salvaged historic Cuban tileshall be used only as cap tile, and not as pan tile.The historic Cuban tile should always be reappliedto distinctive architectural elements such as walls,parapets and chimneys. Where contemporary barrel tile is used to supplement salvaged historicCuban tile, the contemporary barrel tile shall beProduct Approved and otherwise comply with allthe requirements of this code. It is preferred thatthe contemporary barrel tile, when used as cap tile,be handmade natural clay tile, but, in any event, itshall be the same shape, color and texture as theexisting historic Cuban tile. Because the salvageratio ofpan tile is low and because pan tile is muchless visible, reapplication of historic Cuban tile asa pan tile is discouraged. Rather, it is preferred thatpan tile be contemporary barrel tile of either handmade clay, vitrified clay or cement.

2.3. Mixing dissimilar tiles: Mixing dissimilar tilestyles or shapes, such as an "S"-shaped tile withthe "C"-shaped historic Cuban barrel tile, even onseparate roofing surfaces of the same structure,


HISTORIC BUILDINGS

shall be avoided. In no case shall dissimilar tilestyles or shapes be permitted on the same roofingsurface.

2.4. Double caps and/or pans on the eave roof line:For reinforcement during routine maintenance andfor aesthetic purposes, double caps, double pans orboth shall be encouraged on the eave roof line,especially where extant or historical evidence ofthe original installation indicates the use of thishistoric technique.

2.5. Inspection and testing of the installation: Installations of salvaged and reapplied historic Cubantile, as are specifically permitted in this section,shall be subject to each and every inspection andtest otherwise required in this code for a barrel tilemortar set or adhesive set installation.

3. Exemption from product control and testing requirements: Historic Cuban tile, when salvaged and reapplied, as otherwise provided in this section, to a roof thathistorically bore such material, is exempt from the Product Approval and preinstallation physical testingrequirements of this code. However, the completedinstallation shall be subject to each and every inspectionand test otherwise required of a barrel tile mortar set oradhesive set installation, and, further, if contemporarybarrel tile is used to supplement historic Cuban tile, thecontemporary tile shall be product approved and complywith all requirements of this code.

11.3


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CHAPTER 12

RELOCATED OR MOVED BUILDINGS

SECTION 1201GENERAL

1201.1 Scope. This chapter provides requirements for relocated or moved structures.

1201.2 Conformance. The building shall be safe for human

II occupancy as determined by the Florida Fire Prevention Codeand the Florida Building Code, Building. Any repair, alteration, or change of occupancy undertaken within the movedstructure shall comply with the requirements of this code applicable to the work being performed. Any field-fabricated ele-

II ments shall comply with the requirements of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

SECTION 1202REQUIREMENTS

1202.0 Residential buildings or structures moved into orwithin a county or municipality shall not be required to bebrought into compliance with the state minimum building codein force at the time the building or structure is moved, provided:

1. The building or structure is structurally sound and inoccupiable condition for its intended use;

2. The occupancy use classification for the building orstructure is not changed as a result of the move;

3. The building is not substantially remodeled;

4. Current fire code requirements for ingress and egress aremet;

5. Electrical, gas and plumbing systems meet the code inforce at the time of construction and are operational andsafe for reconnection; and

6. Foundation plans are sealed by a professional engineeror architect licensed to practice in this state, if requiredby the Florida Building Code, Building for all residentialbuildings or structures of the same occupancy class.

7. Moving of buildings shall be in accordance with theFlorida Building Code, Building.

1202.1 Location on the lot. The building shall be located on

II the lot in accordance with the requirements of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

1202.2 Foundation. The foundation system of relocatedbuildings shall comply with the Florida Building Code, Building or the Florida Building Code, Residential as applicable.

1202.2.1 Historic buildings. Foundations of relocated historic buildings and structures shall comply with the FloridaBuilding Code, Building. Relocated historic buildings shallotherwise be considered historic buildings for the purposeof this code. Relocated historic buildings and structuresshall be so sited that exterior wall and opening requirements


comply with the Florida Building Code, Building or thecompliance alternatives of this code.

1202.2.2 Connection to the foundation. The connectionof the relocated building to the foundation shall complywith the Florida Building Code, Building.

1202.3 Wind loads. Buildings shall comply with the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

Exceptions:


2. Manufactured buildings as approved by the Manufactured Buildings Program, Florida Department ofCommunity Affairs.

1202.4 Seismic loads. Reserved.

1202.5 Snow loads. Reserved.

1202.6 Flood hazard areas. Reserved.

1202.7 Required inspection and repairs. The building official shall be authorized to inspect, or to require approved professionals to inspect at the expense of the owner, the variousstructural parts of a relocated building to verify that structuralcomponents and connections have not sustained structuraldamage. Any repairs required by the building official as aresult of such inspection shall be made prior to the finalapproval.

12.1

CHAPTER 13

PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHODS

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SECTION 1301GENERAL

1301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to thealteration, repair, addition and change ofoccupancy of existingstructures, including historic and moved structures, as referenced in Section 101.5.3. The provisions of this chapter areintended to maintain or increase the current degree of publicsafety, health and general welfare in existing buildings whilepermitting repair, alteration, addition and change ofoccupancywithout requiring full compliance with Chapters 4 through 12,except where compliance with other provisions of this code isspecifically required in this chapter.

1301.1.1 Compliance with other methods. Alterations,repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to existingstructures shall comply with the provisions of this chapter orwith one of the methods provided in Section 101.5.

II 1301.2 Applicability. Existing structures shall be made toconform to the requirements of this chapter or the provisions ofChapters 4 through 10. The provisions of Sections 1301.2.1through 1301.2.5 shall apply to existing occupancies that willcontinue to be, or are proposed to be, in Groups A, B, E, F, M, Rand S. These provisions shall not apply to buildings with occupancies in Group H or Group 1.

1301.2.1 Change in occupancy. Where an existing buildingis changed to a new occupancy classification and this sectionis applicable, the provisions of this section for the new occupancy shall be used to determine compliance with this code.

1301.2.2 Partial change in occupancy. Where a portion ofthe building is changed to a new occupancy classification andthat portion is separated from the remainder of the buildingwith fire barrier wall assemblies having a fire-resistance rating as required by Table 508.3.3 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building or Section R317 of the Florida BuildingCode, Residential for the separate occupancies, or withapproved compliance alternatives, the portion changed shallbe made to conform to the provisions of this section.

Where a portion of the building is changed to a new occupancy classification and that portion is not separated from theremainder of the building with fire separation assemblieshaving a fire-resistance rating as required by Table 508.3.3 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building or Section R317 of theFlorida Building Code, Residential for the separate occupancies, or with approved compliance alternatives, the provi-sions of this section which apply to each occupancy shallapply to the entire building. Where there are conflicting provisions, those requirements which secure the greater publicsafety shall apply to the entire building or structure.

1301.2.3 Additions. Additions to existing buildings shallcomply with the requirements of the Florida Building Code,Building, Florida Building Code, Residential and this codefor new construction. The combined height and area of theexisting building and the new addition shall not exceed the


height and area allowed by Chapter 5 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building. Where a fire wall that complies with Section705 and Chapter 2 of the Florida Building Code, Building isprovided between the addition and the existing building, theaddition shall be considered a separate building.

1301.2.4 Alterations and repairs. An existing building orportion thereof that does not comply with the requirementsof this code for new construction shall not be altered orrepaired in such a manner that results in the building beingless safe or sanitary than such building is currently. If, in thealteration or repair, the current level of safety or sanitation isto be reduced, the portion altered or repaired shall conformto the requirements of Chapters 2 through 36 of the Florida IIBuilding Code, Building.

1301.2.5 Accessibility requirements. All portions of thebuildings proposed for change of occupancy shall conformto the accessibility provisions of Chapter 11 of the Florida IIBuilding Code, Building.

1301.3 Acceptance. For repairs, alterations, additions, andchanges of occupancy to existing buildings that are evaluatedin accordance with this section, compliance with this sectionshall be accepted by the code official.

1301.3.1 Hazards. Reserved. II

1301.3.2 Compliance with other codes. Buildings that areevaluated in accordance with this section shall comply withthe Florida Fire Prevention Code.

1301.3.3 Compliance with flood hazard provisions. SeeSection 501.4.

1301.4 Investigation and evaluation. For proposed workcovered by this chapter, the building owner shall cause theexisting building to be investigated and evaluated by a registered architect or engineer in accordance with the provisions ofSections 1301,4 through 1301.9. Historic buildings shall beinvestigated and evaluated in accordance with Chapter 11.

1301.4.1 Structural analysis. The owner shall have a structural analysis of the existing building made by a registered IIarchitect or engineer to determine adequacy of structuralsystems for the proposed alteration, addition or change ofoccupancy. The existing building shall be capable of supporting the minimum load requirements ofChapter 16 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. II1301.4.2 Submittal. The results of the investigation andevaluation as required in Section 1301.4, along with proposed compliance alternatives, shall be submitted to the codeofficial.

1301.4.3 Determination of compliance. The code officialshall determine whether the existing building, with the proposed addition, alteration, or change of occupancy, complies with the provisions of this section in accordance withthe evaluation process in Sections 1301.5 through 1301.9.

13.1


Amax = 3 X Aa, as calculated in accordance with Section506.4 of the Florida Building Code, Building. II

l\e

II

II

(Equation 13-3)Number of stories

where:

Aa = Allowable area per floor.

Is = Area increase due to sprinkler protection, percentas calculated in accordance with Section 506.3 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.

If = Area increase due to frontage, percent as calculated in accordance with Section 506.2 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

At = Tabular area per floor in accordance with Table503 of the Florida Building Code, Building, IIsquare feet (m2).

Amax = Total area of the entire building.

Aa,max= Allowable area per floor based on the limitationsof Section 506.4 of the Florida Building Code,Building.

1301.6.2.2 Area formula. The following formula shallbe used in computing the area value. Determine the areavalue for each occupancy fire area on a floor-by-floor

EBS = Existing building height in stories. eCF = 1 if (AH) - (EBR) is positive.

CF = Construction type factor shown in Table1301.6.6(2) if (AH) - (EBH) is negative.

Note: Where mixed occupancies are separated and individually evaluated as indicated in Section 1301.6, thevalues AH, AS, EBH, and EBS shall be based on theheight of the fire area of the occupancy being evaluated.

1301.6.2 Building area. The value for building area shallbe determined by the formula in Section 1301.6.2.2. Section503 of the Florida Building Code, Building and the formula IIin Section 1301.6.2.1 shall be used to determine the allowable area of the building. The allowable area shall be thelesser value calculated by Equations 13-2 and 13-3.Thisshall include any allowable increases due to open perimeterand automatic sprinklers as provided for in Section 506 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building. Subtract the actual. I Ibuilding area from the allowable area and divide by 1,200square feet (112 m2). Enter the area value and its sign (positive or negative) in Table 1301.7 under Safety Parameter1301.6.2, Building Area, for fire safety, means ofegress andgeneral safety. In determining the area value, the maximumpermitted positive value for area is 50 percent of the firesafety score as listed in Table 1301.8, Mandatory SafetyScores.

1301.6.2.1 Allowable area formula. The following for- _mula shall be used in computing allowable area: .,

(100 + I f + Is) x AtA = (Equation 13-2)

a 100

where:

AH = Allowable height in feet (mm) from Table 503 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building.

EBH= Existing building height in feet (mm).

AS = Allowable height in stories from Table 503 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

1301.5 Evaluation. The evaluation shall be comprised ofthreecategories: fire safety, means of egress, and general safety, asdescribed in Sections 1301.5.1 through 1301.5.3.

1301.5.1 Fire safety. Included within the fire safety category are the structural fire resistance, automatic fire detection, fire alarm, and fire-suppression system features of thefacility.

1301.5.2 Means of egress. Included within the means ofegress category are the configuration, characteristics, andsupport features for means of egress in the facility.

1301.5.3 General safety. Included within the generalsafety category are the fire safety parameters and themeans-of-egress parameters.

1301.6 Evaluation process. The evaluation process specifiedherein shall be followed in its entirety to evaluate existing buildings. Table 1301.7 shall be utilized for tabulating the results ofthe evaluation. References to other sections of this code indicatethat compliance with those sections is required in order to gaincredit in the evaluation herein outlined. In applying this sectionto a building with mixed occupancies, where the separationbetween the mixed occupancies does not qualify for any category indicated in Section 1301.6.16, the score for each occupancy shall be determined, and the lower score determined foreach section of the evaluation process shall apply to the entirebuilding.

Where the separation between the mixed occupancies qualifies for any category indicated in Section 1301.6.16, the scorefor each occupancy shall apply to each portion of the buildingbased on the occupancy of the space.

1301.6.1 Building height. The value for building heightshall be the lesser value determined by the formula in Section 1301.6.1.1. Chapter 5 of the Florida Building Code,Building, shall be used to determine the allowable height ofthe building, including allowable increases due to automaticsprinklers in Section 503. Subtract the actual buildingheight from the allowable height and divide by 121

/ 2 feet(3810 mm). Enter the height value and its sign (positive ornegative) in Table 1301.7 under Safety Parameter 1301.6.1,Building Height, for fire safety, means of egress, and general safety. The maximum score for a building shall be 10.

1301.6.1.1 Height formula. The following formulasshall be used in computing the building height value.

(AH)-(EBH)Height value, feet = x CF

12.5

Height value, stories = (AS - EBS) x CF(Equation 13-1)

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basis. For each occupancy, choose the minimum areavalue of the set ofvalues obtained for the particular occupancy.

Allowable r ( Actual Actual J1Area value = area; 1- area; +...+ ----,-,-ar_e_a":-n:-

I 1200 square feet Allowable Allowablearea i area n

1301.6.4 Tenant and dwelling unit separations. Evaluatethe fire-resistance rating of floors and walls separating tenants, including dwelling units, and not evaluated under Sections 1301.6.3 and 1301.6.5. Under the categories andoccupancies in Table 1301.6.4, determine the appropriatevalue and enter that value in Table 1301.7 under SafetyParameter 1301.6.4, Tenant and Dwelling Unit Separation,for fire safety, means of egress, and general safety.

TABLE 1301.6.4SEPARATION VALUES

1301.6.4.1 Categories. The categories for tenant anddwelling unit separations are:

4. Category d-Fire barriers with I-hour but less than2-hour fire-resistance rating constructed in accordance with Section 706 of the Florida Building IICode, Building and floor assemblies with 2-houror greater fire-resistance rating constructed in

II

1. Category a-No fire partitions; incomplete fire partitions; no doors; doors not self-closing or automatic closing.

2. Category b-Fire partitions or floor assembly lessthan I-hour fire-resistance rating or not constructed in accordance with Sections 708 or 711 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building, respectively. II

3. Category c-Fire partitions with I-hour or greaterfire-resistance rating constructed in accordancewith Section 708 of the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding and floor assemblies with I-hour but lessthan 2-hour fire-resistance rating constructed inaccordance with Section 711 of the Florida Build- IIing Code, Building or with only one tenant withinthe fire area.

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY a b c d e

A-I 0 0 0 0 1

A-2 -5 -3 0 1 3

R -4 -2 0 2 4

A-3, A-4, B, E,-4 -3 0 2 4

F, M, S-I, D

S-2 -5 -2 0 2 4

(Equation 13·4)

where:

= Value for an individual separated occupancy on afloor.

n = Number of separated occupancies on a floor.

1301.6.3 Compartmentation. Evaluate the compartmentscreated by fire barrier walls which comply with Sections1301.6.3.1 and 1301.6.3.2 and which are exclusive of thewall elements considered under Sections 1301.6.4 and1301.6.5. Conforming compartments shall be figured as thenet area and do not include shafts, chases, stairways, walls,or columns. Using Table 1301.6.3, determine the appropriate compartmentation value (CV) and enter that value intoTable 1301.7 under Safety Parameter 1301.6.3,Compartmentation, for fire safety, means of egress, andgeneral safety.

1301.6.3.1 Wall construction. A wall used to createseparate compartments shall be a fire barrier conformingto Section 706 of the Florida Building Code, Buildingwith a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours.Where the building is not divided into more than onecompartment, the compartment size shall be taken as thetotal floor area on all floors. Where there is more thanone compartment within a story, each compartmentedarea on such story shall be provided with a horizontalexit conforming to Section 1021 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building. The fire door serving as the horizontalexit between compartments shall be so installed, fittedand gasketed that such fire door will provide a substantial barrier to the passage of smoke.

1301.6.3.2 Floor/ceiling construction. A floor/ceilingassembly used to create compartments shall conform toSection 711 of the Florida Building Code, Building andshall have a fire-resistance rating ofnot less than 2 hours."

II

TABLE 1301.6.3COMPARTMENTATION VALUES

CATEGORIES

a b c d eCompartment size equal to or Compartment size of Compartment size of Compartment size of Compartment size of

OCCUPANCY greater than 15,000 square feet 10,000 square feet 7,500 square feet 5,000 square feet 2,500 square feet or less

A-I, A-3 0 6 10 14 18

A-2 0 4 10 14 18

A-4, B, E, S-2, D 4 5 10 15 20

F, M, R, S-1 0 4 10 16 22

II

For 51: 1 square foot =0.0929 m2.


1301.6.6.1 Vertical opening formula. The followingformula shall be used in computing vertical openingvalue.

PROTECTION VALUE

None (unprotected opening) -2 times number of floors connected

Less than 1 hour -1 times number of floors connected

1 to less than 2 hours 1

2 hours or more 2

1301.6.6 Vertical openings. Evaluate the fire-resistance _rating of vertical exit enclosures, hoistways, escalator open- •ings, and other shaft enclosures within the building, andopenings between two or more floors. Table 1301.6.6(1)contains the appropriate protection values. Multiply thatvalue by the construction type factor found in Table1301.6.6(2). Enter the vertical opening value and its sign(positive or negative) in Table 1301.7 under Safety Parame-ter 1301.6.6, Vertical Openings, for fire safety, means ofegress, and general safety. If the structure is a one-storybuilding, enter a value of 2. Unenclosed vertical openingsthat conform to the requirements of Section 707 of theFlorida Building Code, Building shall not be considered in IIthe evaluation of vertical openings.

TABLE 1301.6.6(1)VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION VALUE

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accordance with Section 711 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

5. Category e-Fire barriers and floor assemblies with2-hour or greater fire-resistance rating and constructed in accordance with Sections 706 and 711of the Florida Building Code, Building, respectively.

1301.6.5 Corridor walls. Evaluate the fire-resistance rating and degree of completeness of walls which create corridors serving the floor and that are constructed in accordancewith Sections 302.3.2, 1008, 1016 and Tables 1004.3.2.1and 1016.1 of the Florida Building Code, Building. Thisevaluation shall not include the wall elements consideredunder Sections 1301.6.3 and 1301.6.4. Under the categoriesand groups in Table 1301.6.5, determine the appropriatevalue and enter that value into Table 1301.7 under SafetyParameter 1301.6.5, Corridor Walls, for fire safety, meansof egress and general safety.

TABLE 1301.6.5CORRIDOR WALL VALUES

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY a b ca da

A-I -10 -4 0 2

A-2 -30 -12 0 2

A-3, F, M, R, S-I, D -7 -3 0 2

A-4, B, E, S-2 -5 -2 0 5 VO=PVxCF (Equation 13-5)

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a. Corridors not providing at least one-half the travel distance for all occupantson a floor shall use Category b.

1301.6.5.1 Categories. The categories for corridor wallsare:

1. Category a-No fire partitions; incomplete fire partitions; no doors; or doors not self-closing.

2. Category b-Less than I-hour fire-resistance ratingor not constructed in accordance with Section708.4 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

3. Category c-1-hour to less than 2-hour fire-resistance rating, with doors conforming to Section 715of the Florida Building Code, Building or withoutcorridors as permitted by Section 1013 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

4. Category d-2-hour or greater fire-resistance rating, with doors conforming to Section 715 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

where:

VO = Vertical opening value.

PV = Protection value from Table 1301.6.6.(1).

CF = Construction type factor from Table1301.6.6.(2).

1301.6.7 HVAC systems. Evaluate the ability of the HVACsystem to resist the movement of smoke and fire beyond thepoint of origin. Under the categories in Section 1301.6.7.1,determine the appropriate value and enter that value intoTable 1301.7 under Safety Parameter 1301.6.7, HVAC Systems, for fire safety, means of egress,and general safety.

1301.6.7.1 Categories. The categories for HVAC systems are:

1. Category a-Plenums not in accordance with Section 602 of the Florida Building Code, Mechani- IIcal. -10 points.

TABLE 1301.6.6(2)TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

TYPE I-A I-B II-A II-B III-A III-B IV V-A V-B

Sprinkler Un S Un S Un S Un S Un S Un S Un S Un S Un S

Factor 1.2 1.1 2.2 1.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 3 3 3.2 3 2.3 1.7 3.3 3.3 7 3.3

s: sprinkleredUn: unsprinklered


PERFORMANCECOMPUANCEMETHODS

a. This value shall be 0 if compliance with Category d or e in Section1201.6.8.1 has not been obtained.

TABLE 1301.6.9FIRE ALARM SYSTEM VALUES

a. For buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system, add2 points for activation by a sprinkler water-flow device.

b. For fire alarm systems meeting central station or remote station in accor- IIdance with NFPA 72, add 2 points.

1301.6.9.1 Categories. The categories for fire alarmsystems are:

1. Category a-None.

2. Category b-Fire alarm system with manual firealarm boxes in accordance with Section 907.3 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building and alarm , ,notification appliances in accordance with Section907.9 of the Florida Building Code, Building. II

3. Category c-Fire alarm system in accordance withSection 907 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

4. Category d-Fire alarm systems installed but notrequired in accordance with NFPA 72.

5. Category e-Category c plus a required emergencyvoice/alarm communications system and a firecommand station that conforms to Section 403.8of the Florida Building Code, Building and con- IItains the emergency voice/alarm communicationssystem controls, fire department communicationsystem controls, and any other controls specifiedin Section 911 of the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding where those systems are provided.

1301.6.10 Smoke control. Evaluate the ability of a naturalor mechanical venting, exhaust, or pressurization system tocontrol the movement of smoke from a fire. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 1301.6.10, determine theappropriate value and enter that value into Table 1301.7under Safety Parameter 1301.6.10, Smoke Control, formeans of egress and general safety.

TABLE 1301.6.10SMOKE CONTROL VALUES

II

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY a ba,b cb db eb

A-I, A-2, A-3, A-4,-10 -5 0 3 5

B,E,R,D

F,M,S 0 5 10 12 15

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY a b c d e f

A-I, A-2, A-3 0 1 2 3 6 6

A-4, E, D 0 0 0 1 3 5

B,M,R 0 2a 3a 3a 3a 4a

F,S 0 2a 2a 3a 3a 3a

1. Category a-None.

2. Category b-Existing smoke detectors in HVACsystems and maintained in accordance with theFlorida Fire Prevention Code.

3. Category c-Smoke detectors in HVAC systems.The detectors are installed in accordance with therequirements for new buildings in the FloridaBuilding Code, Mechanical.

4. Category d-Smoke detectors throughout all floorareas other than individual sleeping units, tenantspaces, and dwelling units.

5. Category e-Smoke detectors installed throughoutthe fire area.

1301.6.8.1 Categories. The categories for automatic firedetection are:

TABLE 1301.6.8AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION VALUES

2. Category b-Air movement in egress elements notin accordance with Section 1016.4 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building. -5 points.

3. Category c-Both Categories a and b are applicable. -15 points.

4. Category d-Compliance of the HVAC systemwith Section 1016.4 of the Florida Building Code,Building and Section 602 of the Florida BuildingCode, Mechanical. 0 points.

5. Category e-Systems serving one story; or a centralboiler/chiller system without ductwork connectingtwo or more stories. +5 points.

1301.6.8 Automatic tire detection. Evaluate the smokedetection capability based on the location and operation ofautomatic fire detectors in accordance with Section 907 ofthe Florida Building Code, Building and Section 513 of theFlorida Building Code, Mechanical. Under the categoriesand occupancies in Table 1301.6.8, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 1301.7 under SafetyParameter 1301.6.8, Automatic Fire Detection, for firesafety, means of egress, and general safety.

1301.6.9 Fire alarm systems. Evaluate the capability ofthe fire alarm system in accordance with Section 907 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. Under the categories andoccupancies in Table 1301.6.9, determine the appropriatevalue and enter that value into Table 1301.7 under SafetyParameter 1301.6.9, Fire Alarm System, for fire safety,means of egress, and general safety.

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY a b c d e

A-I, A-3, F, M, R, S-I -10 -5 0 2 6

A-2 -25 -5 0 5 9

A-4, B, E, S-2, 0 -4 -2 0 4 8

II

II

II

II

"

II

~I


PERFORMANCECOMPUANCEMETHODS

TABLE 1301.6.11MEANS OF EGRESS VALUES

a. The values indicated are for buildings six stories or less in height. For buildings over six stories in height, add an additional -10 points.

1301.6.11.1 Categories. The categories formeans-oi-egress capacity and number of exits are:

categories and occupancies in Table 1301.6.11, determine the appropriate value and enter that value into Table 1301.7 •under Safety Parameter 1301.6.11, Means-of-EgressCapacity, for means of egress and general safety.

II

1. Category a-Compliance with the minimumrequired means-of-egress capacity or number ofexits is achieved through the use of a fire escape inaccordance with Section 605.3.1.2.

2. Category b-Capacity of the means of egress com- _plies with Section 1003 of the Florida Building ICode, Building, and the number of exits complieswith the minimum number required by Section1019 of the Florida Building Code, Building. II

3. Category c-Capacity of the means of egress isequal to or exceeds 125 percent of the requiredmeans-of-egress capacity, the means of egresscomplies with the minimum required widthdimensions specified in the Florida Building IICode, Building, and the number of exits complieswith the minimum number required by Section1019 of the Florida Building Code, Building. II

4. Category d-The number ofexits provided exceedsthe number ofexits required by Section 1019 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. Exits shall be IIlocated a distance apart from each other equal tonot less than that specified in Section 1015 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. II

5. Category e-The area being evaluated meets bothCategories c and d.

1301.6.12 Dead ends. In spaces required to be served bymore than one means of egress, evaluate the length of theexit access travel path in which the building occupants areconfined to a single path of travel. Under the categories andoccupancies in Table 1301.6.12, determine the appropriatevalue and enter that value into Table 1301.7 under Safety _Parameter 1301.6.12, Dead Ends, for means of egress and •general safety.

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY aa b c d e

A-I, A-2, A-3,-10 0 2 8 10

A-4, E, D

M,B -3 0 1 2 4

F, S -1 0 0 0 0

R -3 0 0 0 0

1301.6.10.1 Categories. The categories for smoke control are:

1. Category a-None.

2. Category b-The building is equipped throughoutwith an automatic sprinkler system. Openings areprovided in exterior walls at the rate of 20 squarefeet (1.86 m2) per 50 linear feet (15 240 mm) ofexterior wall in each story and distributed aroundthe building perimeter at intervals not exceeding50 feet (15 240 mm). Such openings shall bereadily openable from the inside without a key orseparate tool and shall be provided with readyaccess thereto. In lieu of operable openings,clearly and permanently marked tempered glasspanels shall be used.

3. Category c-One enclosed exit stairway, withready access thereto, from each occupied floor ofthe building. The stairway has operable exteriorwindows, and the building has openings in accordance with Category b.

4. Category d-One smokeproof enclosure and thebuilding has openings in accordance with Cate-gory b. .

5. Category e-The building is equipped throughoutwith an automatic sprinkler system. Each fire areais provided with a mechanical air-handling systemdesigned to accomplish smoke containment.Return and exhaust air shall be moved directly tothe outside without recirculation to other fire areasof the building under fire conditions. The systemshall exhaust not less than six air changes per hourfrom the fire area. Supply air by mechanical meansto the fire area is not required. Containment ofsmoke shall be considered as confining smoke tothe fire area involved without migration to otherfire areas. Any other tested and approved designthat will adequately accomplish smoke containment is permitted.

6. Category f-Each stairway shall be one of the following: a smokeproof enclosure in accordancewith Section 1020.1.7 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building; pressurized in accordance withSection 909.20.5 of the Florida Building Code,Building; or shall have operable exterior windows.

1301.6.11 Means of egress capacity and number. Evaluate the means-of-egress capacity and the number of exitsavailable to the building occupants. In applying this section,the means ofegress are required to conform to Section 1013of the Florida Building Code, Building, Section 1003 of theFlorida Building Code, Building (except that the minimumwidth required by this section shall be determined solely bythe width for the required capacity in accordance with Table1005.1 of the Florida Building Code, Building), and Sections 1017 and 1023 of the Florida Building Code, Building. The number ofexits credited is the number that is available to each occupant of the area being evaluated. Existingfire escapes shall be accepted as a component in the meansof egress when conforming to Section 705.3.1.2. Under the


PERfORMANCE COMPLIANCE METHODS

TABLE 1301.6.12DEAD-END VALUES

For SI: 1 foot =304.8 mm.NP =Not permitted.

CATEGORIESa

OCCUPANCY a b c

A-I, A-3, A-4, B, D, E, F, M, R, S -2 0 2

A-2 -2 0 2

CATEGORIES

ELEVATOR TRAVEL a b c d

Less than 25 feet of travel above or belowthe primary level of elevator access for -2 0 0 +2emergency fire-fighting or rescue personnel

Travel of 25 feet or more above or below theprimary level of elevator access for -4 NP 0 +4emergency fire-fighting or rescue personnel

TABLE 1301.6.15MEANS-Of-EGRESS EMERGENCY LIGHTING VALUES

1301.6.14.1 Categories. The categories for elevatorcontrols are:

1. Category a-No elevator.

2. Category b-Any elevator without Phase I and IIrecall.

3. Category c-All elevators with Phase I and II recallas required by the Florida Fire Prevention Code. II

4. Category d-All meet Category c; or Category bwhere permitted to be without recall; and at leastone elevator that complies with new constructionrequirements serves all occupied floors

1301.6.15 Means-or-egress emergency lighting. Evaluatethe presence of and reliability of means-of-egress emergencylighting. Under the categories and occupancies in Table1301.6.15, determine the appropriate value and enter thatvalue into Table 1301.7 under Safety Parameter 1301.6.15,Means-of-Egress Emergency Lighting, for means of egressand general safety.

NP =Not permitted.

1301.6.15.1 Categories. The categories formeans-of-egress emergency lighting are:

1. Category a-Means ofegress lighting and exit signsnot provided with emergency power in accordancewith Section 1006 of the Florida Building Code, IIBuilding.

2. Category b-Means of egress lighting and exitsigns provided with emergency power in accordance with Section 1006 of the Florida Building IICode, Building.

3. Category c-Emergency power provided to meansof egress lighting and exit signs, which providesprotection in the event ofpower failure to the site orbuilding.

1301.6.16 Mixed occupancies. Where a building has two ormore occupancies that are not in the same occupancy classification, the separation between the mixed occupancies shallbe evaluated in accordance with this section. Where there isno separation between the mixed occupancies or the separation between mixed occupancies does not qualify for any ofthe categories indicated in Section 1301.6.16.1, the buildingshall be evaluated as indicated in Section 1301.6, and thevalue for mixed occupancies shall be zero. Under the categories and occupancies in Table 1301.6.16, determine theappropriate value and enter that value into Table 1301.7under Safety Parameter 1301.6.16, Mixed Occupancies, forfire safety and general safety. For buildings without mixedoccupancies, the value shall be zero.

NUMBER OF EXITS REQUIRED BY CATEGORIESSECTIONS 1018.1 AND 1018.2 OF THE

Florida BUilding Code, Building a b c

Two or more exits NP 0 4

Minimum of one exit 0 I I

Maximum allowable Maximum actualtravel distance travel distance

Maximum allowable travel distance

(Equation 13-6)

Points = 20 x

1301.6.14 Elevator control. Evaluate the passenger elevator equipment and controls that are available to the firedepartment to reach all occupied floors. Elevator recall controls shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 30 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. Under the categories andoccupancies in Table 1301.6.14, determine the appropriatevalue and enter that value into Table 1301.7 under SafetyParameter 1301.6.14, Elevator Control, for fire safety,means ofegress, and general safety. The values shall be zerofor a single story building.

TABLE 1301.6.14ELEVATOR CONTROL VALUES

a. For dead-end distances between categories, the dead end value shall beobtained by linear interpolation.

1301.6.12.1 Categories. The categories for dead endsare:

1. Category a - Dead end of 35 feet (10 670 mm) innonsprinklered buildings or 70 feet (21 340 mm)in sprinklered buildings.

2. Category b - Dead end of 20 feet (6096 nun); or 50feet (15 240 nun) in Group B in accordance withSection 1016.3 of the Florida Building Code,Building.

3. Category c - No dead ends; or ratio of length towidth (l/w) is less than 2.5: 1.

1301.6.13 Maximum exit access travel distance to anexit. Evaluate the length ofexit access travel to an approvedexit. Determine the appropriate points in accordance withthe following equation and enter that value into Table1301.7 under Safety Parameter 1301.6.13, Maximum ExitAccess Travel Distance for means of egress and generalsafety. The maximum allowable exit access travel distanceshall be determined in accordance with Section 1016 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

II

II

II

eII

2007 fLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING 13.7


TABLE 1301.6.16MIXED OCCUPANCY VALUESa

a. For fire-resistance ratings between categories, the value shall be obtained bylinear interpolation.

a. These options cannot be taken if Category a in Section 1301.6.18 is used.

1301.6.17.1 Categories. The categories for automaticsprinkler system protection are:

1. Category a-Sprinklers are required through-out;sprinkler protection is not provided or the sprinkler system design is not adequate for the hazardprotected in accordance with Section 903 of the


2. Category b-Sprink1ers are required in a portion ofthe building; sprinkler protection is not providedor the sprinkler system design is not adequate forthe hazard protected in accordance with Section

II 903 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

3. Category c-Sprinklers are not required; none areprovided.

II

II

II

eII

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY aa b c d

A-I, A-3, F, M, R, 8-1 -6 0 2 3

A-2 -4 0 1 2

A-4, B, E, D, 8-2 -12 0 3 6

1301.6.19 Incidental use. Evaluate the protection of incidental use areas in accordance with Section 508.2 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. Do not include thosewhere this code requires suppression throughout the building, including covered mall buildings, high-rise buildings,public garages, and unlimited area buildings. Assign thelowest score from Table 1301.6.19 for the building or firearea being evaluated. If there are no specific occupancy

a. This option cannot be taken if Category a or Category b in Section1301.6.17 is used.

4. Category d-Sprinklers are required in a portion of -the building; sprinklers are provided in such por- •tion; the system is one that complied with the codeat the time of installation and is maintained andsupervised in accordance with Section 903 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. II

5. Category e-Sprinklers are required throughout;sprinklers are provided throughout in accordancewith Chapter 9 of the Florida Building Code, Build- IIing.

6. Category f-Sprinklers are not required throughout;sprinklers are provided throughout in accordancewith Chapter 9 of the Florida Building Code, Build- IIing.

1301.6.18 Standpipes. Evaluate the ability to initiate attack on afire by making supply of water available readily through theinstallation of standpipes in accordance with Section 905 of theFlorida Building Code, Building. "Required Standpipes" shall IIbe based on the requirements of the Florida Building Code,Building. Under the categories and occupancies in Table1301.6.18, detennine the appropriate value and enter that valueinto Table 1301.7 under Safety Parameter 1301.6.18,Stand-pipes, for fire safety, means ofegress, and general safety.

1301.6.18.1 Categories. The categories for standpipesystems are:

1. Category a-Standpipes are required; standpipe isnot provided or the standpipe system design is not incompliance with Section 905.3 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

2. Category b-Standpipes are not required; none areprovided.

3. Category c-Standpipes are required; standpipes areprovided in accordance with Section 905 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

4. Category d-Standpipes are not required; standpipesare provided in accordance with Section 905 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

TABLE 1301.6.18STANDPIPE SYSTEM VALUES

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY aa ba c d e f

A-I, A-3, F, M, R, 8-1 -6 -3 0 2 4 9

A-2 -4 -2 0 1 2 6

A-4, B, E, D, 8-2 -12 -6 0 3 6 18

CATEGORIES

OCCUPANCY a b c

A-I, A-2, R -10 0 10

A-3, A-4, B, E, D, F, M, 8 -5 0 5II

II

II

"

1301.6.16.1 Categories. The categories for mixed occupancies are:

1. Category a-Minimum I-hour fire barriersbetween occupancies.

2. Category b-Fire barriers between occupancies inaccordance with Section 508.3.3 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

3. Category c-Fire barriers between occupancieshaving a fire-resistance rating of not less thantwice that required by Section 508.3.3 of theFlorida Building Code, Building.

1301.6.17 Automatic sprinklers. Evaluate the ability to suppress a fire based on the installation of an automatic sprinkler

II system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building. "Required sprinklers" shall be basedon the requirements of this code. Under the categories andoccupancies in Table 1301.6.17, detennine the appropriatevalue and enter that value into Table 1301.7 under SafetyParameter 1301.6.17, Automatic Sprinklers, for fire safety,means of egress divided by 2, and general safety. High-rise

II buildings defined in Section 403.1 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building that undergo a change ofoccupancy to Group Rshall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler sys-tem in accordance with Section 403.2 and Chapter 9 of the


TABLE 1301.6.17SPRINKLER SYSTEM VALUES

13.8 2007 FILORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

areas in the building or fire area being evaluated, the valueshall be zero.

1301.7 Building score. After determining the appropriate datafrom Section 1301.6, enter those data in Table 1301.7 and totalthe building score.

1301.8 Safety scores. The values in Table 1301.8 are therequired mandatory safety scores for the evaluation processlisted in Section 1301.6.

1301.9 Evaluation of building safety. The mandatory safetyscore in Table 1301.8 shall be subtracted from the building scorein Table 1301.7 for each category. Where the final score for anycategory equals zero or more, the building is in compliance withthe requirements ofthis section for that category. Where the finalscore for any category is less than zero, the building is not incompliance with the requirements of this section.

1301.9.1 Mixed occupancies. For mixed occupancies, thefollowing provisions shall apply:


1. Where the separation between mixed occupanciesdoes not qualify for any category indicated in Section1301.6.16, the mandatory safety scores for the occupancy with the lowest general safety score in Table1301.8 shall be utilized. (See Section 1301.6.) II

2. Where the separation between mixed occupanciesqualifies for any category indicated in Section1301.6.16, the mandatory safety scores for each occupancy shall be placed against the evaluation scores forthe appropriate occupancy.

TABLE 1301.6.19INCIDENTAL USE AREA VALUESa

PROTECTION REQUIRED PROTECTION PROVIDEDBY TABLE 508.2 OF THE

FLORIDA BUILDING CODE, 1 hour and 2 hours andBUILDING None 1 hour AFSS AFSS with SP AFSS 2 hours AFSS

2 hours and AFSS -4 -3 -2 -2 -1 -2 0

2 hours, or 1 hour and AFSS -3 -2 -1 -1 0 0 0

1 hour and AFSS -3 -2 -1 -1 0 -1 0

1 hour -1 0 -1 -1 0 0

1 hour, or AFSS with SP -1 0 -1 -1 0 0 0

AFSS with SP -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0

1 hour or AFSS -1 0 0 0 0 0 0

a. AFSS =Automatic fire suppression system; SP =Smoke partitions (See FBC Section 508.2.2.1).Note: For Table 1301.7, see page 13.10. II



TABLE 1301.7SUMMARY SHEET-BUILDING CODE

II

Existing occupancy Proposed occupancy

Year building was constructed Number of stories Height in feet

Type of construction Area per Floor

Percentage of frontage increase 0/0 Percentage of height reduction 0/0

Completely suppressed: Yes No Corridor wall rating

Compartmentation: Yes No Required door closers: Yes No

Fire-resistance rating of vertical opening enclosures

Type of HVAC system Serving number of floors

Automatic fire detection: Yes No Type of location

Fire alarm system: Yes No Type

Smoke control:Yes No Type

Adequate exit routes: Yes No Dead ends: Yes No

Maximum exit access travel distance Elevator controls: Yes No

Means-of-egress emergency lighting:Yes _ No - Mixed occupancies: Yes No

SAFETY PARAMETERS FIRE SAFETY (FS) MEANS OF EGRESS (ME) GENERAL SAFETY (GS)

1301.6.1 Building Height1301.6.2 Building Area1301.6.3 Compartmentation

1301.6.4 Tenant and Dwelling Unit Separations1301.6.5 Corridor Walls1301.6.6 Vertical Openings

1301.6.7 HVAC Systems1301.6.8 Automatic Fire Detection1301.6.9 Fire Alarm System

1301.6.10 Smoke Control ****1301.6.11 Means-of-Egress Capacity ****1301.6.12 Dead Ends ****

1301.6.13 Maximum Exit Access Travel Distance ****1301.6.14 Elevator Control1301.6.15 Means-of-Egress Emergency Lighting ****

1301.6.16 Mixed Occupancies ****1301.6.17 Automatic Sprinklers1301.6.18 Standpipes ****1301.6.19 Incidental Use Area Protection

Building Score-Total Value

****No applicable value to be inserted


TABLE 1301.8MANDATORY SAFETY SCOREsa


OCCUPANCY FIRE SAFETY (MFS) MEANS OF EGRESS (MME) GENERAL SAFETY (MGS)

A-I 20 31 31

A-2 21 32 32

A-3 22 33 33

A-4, E, D 29 40 40

B 30 40 40

F 24 34 34

M 23 40 40

R 21 38 38

S-1 19 29 29

S-2 29 39 39

a. MFS = Mandatory Fire SafetyMME = Mandatory Means of EgressMGS = Mandatory General Safety

TABLE 1301.9EVALUATION FORMULASa

FORMULA 11201.7 11201.8 SCORE PASS FAIL

FS - MFS > 0 __ (FS) - __ (MFS) =ME- MME ~ 0 __ (ME)- __ (MME) =OS - MOS > 0 (OS - (MOS) =

II

a. FSMEGS

= Fire Safety= Means of Egress= General Safety

MFS = Mandatory Fire SafetyMME = Mandatory Means of EgressMGS = Mandatory General Safety


CHAPTER 14

SAFEGUARDS DURING CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 1401GENERAL

[B] 1401.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall governsafety during construction that is under the jurisdiction of thiscode and the protection of adjacent public and private properties.

[B] 1401.2 Storage and placement. Construction equipmentand materials shall be stored and placed so as not to endangerthe public, the workers or adjoining property for the duration ofthe construction project.

[B) SECTION 1402CONSTRUCTION SAFEGUARDS

1402.1 Remodeling and additions. Required exits, existingstructural elements, fire protection devices and sanitary safeguards shall be maintained at all times during remodeling,alterations, repairs or additions to any building or structure.

Exceptions:

1. When such required elements or devices are beingremodeled, altered or repaired, adequate substituteprovisions shall be made.

2. When the existing building is not occupied.

1402.2 Manner of removal. Waste materials shall beremoved in a manner which prevents injury or damage to persons, adjoining properties and public rights-of-way.

[B) SECTION 1403DEMOLITION

1403.1 Construction documents. Construction documentsand a schedule for demolition must be submitted when

required by the building official. Where such information isrequired, no work shall be done until such construction documents or schedule, or both, are approved.

1403.2 Pedestrian protection. The work of demolishing anybuilding shall not be commenced until pedestrian protection isin place as required by this chapter.

1403.3 Means of egress. A party wall balcony or horizontalexit shall not be destroyed unless and until a substitute meansof egress has been provided and approved.

1403.4 Vacant lot. Where a structure has been demolished orremoved, the vacant lot shall be filled and maintained to theexisting grade or in accordance with the ordinances of the jurisdiction having authority.

1403.5 Water accumulation. Provision shall be made to prevent the accumulation of water or damage to any foundationson the premises or the adjoining property.

1403.6 Utility connections. Service utility connections shallbe discontinued and capped in accordance with the approvedrules and the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction.

SECTION 1404SITE WORK

1404.1 Excavation and fill. Excavation and fill for buildingsand structures shall be constructed or protected so as not toendanger life or property. Stumps and roots shall be removedfrom the soil to a depth of at least 12 inches (305 mm) below thesurface ofthe ground in the area to be occupied by the building.Wood forms which have been used in placing concrete, ifwithin the ground or between foundation sills and the ground,shall be removed before a building is occupied or used for anypurpose. Before completion, loose or casual wood shall beremoved from direct contact with the ground under the building.

[B] TABLE 1401.6PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS

HEIGHT OFCONSTRUCTION DISTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION TO LOTLINE TYPE OF PROTECTION REQUIRED

Less than 5 feet Construction railings8 feet or less

5 feet or more None

Less than 5 feet Barrier and covered walkway

5 feet or more, but not more than one-fourthBarrier and covered walkway

the height of construction

More than 8 feet 5 feet or more, but between one-fourth andone-half the height of construction

Barrier

5 feet or more, but exceeding one-half theNoneheight of construction

For SI: 1 foot =304.8 mm.



1404.1.1 Slope limits. Slopes for pennanent fill shall not besteeper than one unit vertical in two units horizontal (50 percent slope). Cut slopes for pennanent excavations shall notbe steeper than one unit vertical in two units horizontal (50percent slope). Deviation from the foregoing limitations forcut slopes shall be permitted only upon the presentation of asoil investigation report acceptable to the building official.

1404.1.2 Surcharge. No fill or other surcharge loads shallbe placed adjacent to any building or structure unless suchbuilding or structure is capable of withstanding the additionalloads caused by the fill or surcharge. Existing footings or foundations which can be affected by anyexcavation shall be underpinned adequately or otherwiseprotected against settlement and shall be protected againstlater movement.

1404.1.3 Footings on adjacent slopes. For footings onadjacent slopes, see Chapter 18 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building.

1404.1.4 Fill supporting foundations. Fill to be used tosupport the foundations of any building or structure shallcomply with Section 1803.5 of the Florida Building Code,Building.

SECTION 1405SANITARY

1405.1 Facilities required. Sanitary facilities shall be provided during construction, remodeling or demolition activitiesin accordance with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

SECTION 1406PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS

1406.1 Protection required. Pedestrians shall be protectedduring construction, remodeling and demolition activities asrequired by this chapter and Table 1401.6. Signs shall be provided to direct pedestrian traffic.

1406.2 Walkways. A walkway shall be provided for pedestrian travel in front of every construction and demolition siteunless the authority having jurisdiction authorizes the sidewalkto be fenced or closed. Walkways shall be of sufficient width toaccommodate the pedestrian traffic, but in no case shall they beless than 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Walkways shall be provided with a durable walking surface. Walkways shall beaccessible in accordance with Chapter 11 of the Florida Building Code, Building and shall be designed to support allimposed loads and in no case shall the design live load be lessthan 150 pounds per square foot (pst) (7.2 kN/m2

).

1406.3 Directional barricades. Pedestrian traffic shall beprotected by a directional barricade where the walkwayextends into the street. The directional barricade shall be of sufficient size and construction to direct vehicular traffic awayfrom the pedestrian path.

1406.4 Construction railings. Construction railings shall beat least 42 inches (1067 mm) in height and shall be sufficient todirect pedestrians around construction areas.

14.2

1406.5 Barriers. Barriers shall be a minimum of 8 feet (2438mm) in height and shall be placed on the side of the walkwaynearest the construction. Barriers shall extend the entire lengthof the construction site. Openings in such barriers shall be protected by doors which are nonnally kept closed.

1406.6 Barrier design. Barriers shall be designed to resistloads required in Chapter 16 of the Florida Building Code,Building unless constructed as follows:

1. Barriers shall be provided with 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mmby 102 mm) top and bottom plates.

2. The barrier material shall be a minimum of 3/4- inch (19.1mm) boards or '/4-inch (6.4 mm) wood structural usepanels.

3. Wood structural use panels shall be bonded with anadhesive identical to that for exterior wood structural usepanels.

4. Wood structural use panels 1/4 -inch (6.4 mm) or 5/ 16 inch(23.8 mm) in thickness shall have studs spaced not morethan 2 feet (610 mm) on center (o.c.).

5. Wood structural use panels 3/g-inch (9.5 mm) or 1/2 inch(12.7 mm) in thickness shall have studs spaced not morethan 4 feet (1219 mm) o.c., provided a 2-inch by 4-inch(12.7 mm by 102 mm) stiffener is placed horizontally atmidheight where the stud spacing exceeds 2 feet (610mm) o.c.

6. Wood structural use panels 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) or thickershall not span over 8 feet (2438 mm).

1406.7 Covered walkways. Covered walkways shall have aminimum clear height of 8 feet (2438 mm) as measured fromthe floor surface to the canopy overhead. Adequate lightingshall be provided at all times. Covered walkways shall bedesigned to support all imposed loads. In no case shall thedesign live load be less than 150 psf (7.2 kN/m2) for the entirestructure.

Exception: Roofs and supporting structures of coveredwalkways for new, light-frame construction not exceedingtwo stories in height are pennitted to be designed for a liveload of 75 psf (3.6 kN/m2) or the loads imposed on them,whichever is greater. In lieu of such designs, the roof andsupporting structure of a covered walkway are pennitted tobe constructed as follows:

1. Footings shall be continuous 2-inch by 6-inch (51 mmby 152 mm) members.

2. Posts not less than 4 inches by 6 inches (102 mm by152 mm) shall be provided on both sides of the roofand spaced not more than 12 feet (3658 mm) o.c.

3. Stringers not less than 4 inches by 12 inches (102 mmby 305 mm) shall be placed on edge upon the posts.

4. Joists resting on the stringers shall be at least 2 inchesby 8 inches (51 mm by 203 mm) and shall be spacednot more than 2 feet (610 mm) o.c.

5. The deck shall be planks at least 2 inches (51 mm)thick or wood structural panels with an exterior expo-


sure durability classification at least 23/32 inch (18.3mm) thick nailed to the joists.

6. Each post shall be knee braced to joists and stringersby 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) minimummembers 4 feet (1219 mm) long.

7. A 2-inch by 4-inch (51 mm by 102 mm) minimumcurb shall be set on edge along the outside edge of thedeck.

1406.8 Repair, maintenance and removal. Pedestrian protection required by this chapter shall be maintained in place andkept in good order for the entire length of time pedestrians maybe endangered. The owner or the owner's agent, upon completion of the construction activity, shall immediately removewalkways, debris and other obstructions and leave such publicproperty in as good a condition as it was before such work wascommenced.

1406.9 Adjacent to excavations. Every excavation on a sitelocated 5 feet (1524 rom) or less from the street lot line shall beenclosed with a barrier not less than 6 feet (1829 rom) high.Where located more than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the street lotline, a barrier shall be erected when required by the buildingofficial. Barriers shall be of adequate strength to resist windpressure as specified in Chapter 16 of the Florida BuildingCode, Building.

SECTION 1407PROTECTION OF ADJOINING PROPERTY

1407.1 Protection required. Adjoining public and privateproperty shall be protected from damage during construction,remodeling and demolition work. Protection must be providedfor footings, foundations, party walls, chimneys, skylights androofs. Provisions shall be made to control water runoff and erosion during construction or demolition activities. The personmaking or causing an excavation to be made shall provide written notice to the owners of adjoining buildings advising themthat the excavation is to be made and that the adjoining buildings should be protected. Said notification shall be deliverednot less than 10 days prior to the scheduled starting date of theexcavation.

SECTION 1408TEMPORARY USE OF STREETS,ALLEYS AND PUBLIC PROPERTY

1408.1 Storage and handling of materials. The temporaryuse of streets or public property for the storage or handling ofmaterials or of equipment required for construction or demolition, and the protection provided to the public shall complywith the provisions of the authority having jurisdiction and thischapter.

1408.1.1 Obstructions. Construction materials and equipment shall not be placed or stored so as to obstruct access tofire hydrants, standpipes, fire or police alarm boxes, catchbasins or manholes, nor shall such material or equipment belocated within 20 feet (6096 rom) of a street intersection, orplaced so as to obstruct normal observations of traffic signals or to hinder the use ofpublic transit loading platforms.



1408.2 Utility fixtures. Building materials, fences, sheds orany obstruction of any kind shall not be placed so as to obstructfree approach to any fire hydrant, fire department connection,utility pole, manhole, fire alarm box or catch basin, or so as tointerfere with the passage of water in the gutter. Protectionagainst damage shall be provided to such utility fixtures duringthe progress of the work, but sight of them shall not beobstructed.

SECTION 1409FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

1409.1 Where required. All structures under construction,alteration or demolition shall be provided with not less than oneapproved portable fire extinguisher in accordance with Section906 of the Florida Building Code, Building and sized for notless than ordinary hazard as follows:

1. At each stairway on all floor levels where combustiblematerials have accumulated.

2. In every storage and construction shed.

3. Additional portable fire extinguishers shall be providedwhere special hazards exist, such as the storage and useof flammable and combustible liquids.

1409.2 Fire hazards. The provisions of this code and theFlorida Fire Prevention Code shall be strictly observed to safeguard against all fire hazards attendant upon construction operations.

SECTION 1410EXITS

1410.1 Stairways required. Where a building has been constructed to a height greater than 50 feet (15 240 rom) or fourstories, or where an existing building exceeding 50 feet (15 240mm) in height is altered, at least one temporary lighted stairwayshall be provided unless one or more of the permanent stairways is available for egress as the construction progresses.

1410.2 Maintenance of exits. Required means ofegress shallbe maintained at all times during construction, demolition,remodeling or alterations and additions to any building.

Exception: Approved temporary means of egress systemsand facilities.

SECTION 1411STANDPIPES

1411.1 Where required. Buildings four stories or more inheight shall be provided with not less than one standpipe foruse during construction. Such standpipes shall be installedwhere the progress of construction is not more than 40 feet (12192 mm) in height above the lowest level of fire departmentaccess. Such standpipe shall be provided with fire departmenthose connections at accessible locations adjacent to usablestairs. Such standpipes shall be extended as construction progresses to within one floor of the highest point of constructionhaving secured decking or flooring.

14.3


1411.2 Buildings being demolished. Where a building isbeing demolished and a standpipe exists within such a building, such standpipe shall be maintained in an operable condition so as to be available for use by the fire department. Suchstandpipe shall be demolished with the building but shall not bedemolished more than one floor below the floor being demolished.

1411.3 Detailed requirements. Standpipes shall be installedin accordance with the provisions of Chapter 9 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

1411.3.1 During the construction of a building, standpipesystems shall be provided in accordance with this sectionand Chapter 9 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exception: Standpipes shall be either temporary or permanent in nature, and with or without a water supply,provided that such standpipes conform to the requirements of Section 905 of the Florida Building Code,Building as to capacity, outlets and materials.

1411.4 Water supply. Water supply for fire protection, eithertemporary or permanent, shall be made available as soon ascombustible material accumulates.

SECTION 1412AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM

1412.1 Completion before occupancy. In buildings where anautomatic sprinkler system is required by this code, it shall beunlawful to occupy any portion of a building or structure untilthe automatic sprinkler system installation has been tested andapproved, except as provided in Section 110.3 of the FloridaBuilding Code, Building.

1412.2 Operation of valves. Operation of sprinkler controlvalves shall be permitted only by properly authorized personnel and shall be accompanied by notification of duly designated parties. When the sprinkler protection is being regularlyturned off and on to facilitate connection of newly completedsegments, the sprinkler control valves shall be checked at theend of each work period to ascertain that protection is in service.


CHAPTER 15

REFERENCED STANDARDS

This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by thepromulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of thisdocument that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Section 102.4.

ASCEStandardreferencenumber

7-0531-03

ASHRAEStandardreferencenumber

62-04

ASMEStandardreferencenumber

A17.1-2004

AI7.3-2002

AI8.1-1999

CSSBStandardreferencenumber

FEMAStandardreferencenumber

PUB 356

506.1.1.3

American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, VA 20191-4400

Referencedin code

Title section number

Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures with Supplement No.1 506.1.1.2Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings 506.1.1.1, Table 506.1.1.2, 506.1.1.3

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers1791 Tullie Circle, NEAtlanta, GA 30329

Referencedin code


Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality 709.2

American Society of Mechanical Engineers3 Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016

Referencedin code


Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators with AI7.1a-2005 addenda and A17.1S Supplement 2005 308.8.2,605.1.2,802.1.2

Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators 802.1.2

Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chair Lifts- with AI8.1a- 200 I Addenda 308.8.3, 605.1.3

Cedar Shake and Shingle BureauPO Box 1178Shumas, WA 98295-1178

Referencedin code

. Title section number

Recommendations .511.3

Federal Emergency Management AgencyFederal Center Plaza500 C Street SWWashington, DC 20472

Referencedin code


Pre-standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings 506.1.1.] , 506.1.1.2,Table 506.1.1.2 and


REFERENCED STANDARDS

Florida CodesStandardreferencenumber

FBC--D7

FFPC--D7

FBC, Mechanical--D7

FBC, Plumbing--D7

FBC, Residential--D7

NFPAStandardreferencenumberNFPA 13R-99NFPA 70-05

II NFPA 72-02NFPA 99-99

IINFPA 101-06NFPA 914-01

15.2

Florida Building Commissionc/o Florida Department of Community AffairsBuilding Codes and Standards2555 Shumard Oak BoulevardTallahassee, FL 32399-2100

Referencedin code


Florida Building Code, Building® 101.2,201.3,202,301.4,401.4,401.4.1,403.2,407.2,407.3.1,503.1,503.2,503.3,507.2.1,507.3,507.4,

511.1, 511.3, 601.3, 603.2.3, 603.3.1, 603.3.2, 603.4, 603.5.2, 604.2,604.2.1, 604.2.3, 604.2.4, 604.3, 605.2, 605.3, 605.3.2, 605.4.3, 605.6,605.7.1,605.8.1,605.9.2,605.10.2,606.1,607.1, 607.2, 607.3, 607.4,

607.4.1,608.2,608.3,611.1,702.1.2,704.1,704.1.2, 705.2, 705.3,706.1,707.2,707.3,707.5.1,707.6,707.7,801.1,801.3, 802.1, 802.2,

807.1,807.2,811.1.1,812.1.1,812.1.2,812.3.1, 812.4.1.1, 812.4.1.2, 812.4.1.3,812.4.2.1,812.4.2.3,812.4.3.1,812.4.3.3,812.4.4.1, 812.4.4.2, 812.4.4.3, 902.1,

902.2,902.3,903.1,903.2,903.3.1,903.3.2,903.5, 904.1, 904.2, 1101.2, 1102.0,1102.1, 1102.2, 1102.2.1, 1102.2.2, 1102.3, 1201.2.2, 1201.2.3, 1201.2.4, 1201.4.1,

1201.6.1,1201.6.1.1,1201.6.2,1201.6.2.1, 1201.6.3.1, 1201.6.3.2, 1201.6.4.1,1201.6.5,1201.6.5.1,1201.6.6,1201.6.7.1,1201.6.8, 1201.6.9.1, 1201.6.10.1, 1201.6.11, 1201.6.11.1,

1201.6.12.1,1201.6.14,1201.6.15.1, Table 1201.6.15,1201.6.16.1,1201.6.17,1201.6.17.1, 1201.6.18,1201.6.18.1,1201.6.19,1304.1.3,1304.1.4,1306.6,1306.9, 1309.1, 1311.3, 1311.3.1, 1312.1

Ch. 11-Accessibility , .406.1,506.1,601.1,606.1,706.1,806.1,812.5,905.1, 1002,1306.2

Ch. 13-Energy , , , .512.1,611.1,708.1,906.1

Ch. 27-Electrical .408.1,508.1.2,508.1.3,608.1,608.2,808.1,808.2, 808.3, 808.4

Florida Fire Prevention Code 101.2,101.4,201.3,503.3,603.2.1,603.2.3,603.3.2, 604.2.4, 604.4,604.4.3, 605.2, 605.3, 605.3.1.2, 702.1.2, 703.1, 704.2, 812.3.1,

1101.2,1201.3.2,1201.6.8.1,1201.6.14.1,1309.2

Florida Building Code, Mechanical , " 101.2,409.1,509.1,609.1,609.2,702.1.1,702.2.1,809.1, 1201.6.7.1, 1201.6.8, 1201.6.8.1

Florida Building Code, Plumbing 101.2,410.2,510.2,610.1,810.1,810.3,810.5,1305.1

Florida Building Code, Residential 101.2,608.3,904.1,904.2, 1102.2, 1201.2.2, 1201.2.3

National Fire Protection Agency1 Batterymarch ParkQuincy, MA 02269-9101

Referencedin code

Title section numberInstallation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height 704.2.5National Electrical Code 507.1.1,507.1.2,507.1.3,507.1.4,507.1.5National Fire Alarm Code 704.2.5,704.4Health Care Facilities .507.1.4Life Safety Code 705.2Code for Fire Protection of Historic Structures 1005.2, 1005.3, 1006.1


APPENDIX A

GUIDELINES FOR THE SEISMIC RETROFITOF EXISTING BUILDINGS

RESERVED

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING A.1

II

A.2 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

APPENDIX B

STANDARD FOR REHABILITATION

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR1S STANDARDS FORREHABILITATION AND GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING

HISTORIC BUILDINGS

u.s. Department of the InteriorNational Park Service

Preservation Assistance DivisionWashington, D.C.

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing OfficeSuperintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-3329

For additional information about historic building rehabilitation and Florida's state historic preservation program, pleasecontact the Department of State's Bureau of Historic Preservation.

Bureau of Historic PreservationA.A. Gray Building500 South Bronough StreetTallahassee, Florida 32399-0250Telephone: (850) 245-6333FAX: (850) 245-6437

INTRODUCTION

The Secretary of the Interior is responsible for establishing standards for all programs under Departmental authority and foradvising Federal agencies on the preservation of historic properties listed or eligible for listing in the National Register ofHistoric Places. In partial fulfillment of this responsibility, the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Historic PreservationProjects have been developed to guide work undertaken on historic buildings - there are separate standards for acquisition,protection, stabilization, preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction. The Standards for Rehabilitation(codified in 36 CRF 67) comprise that section of the overall preservation project standards and addresses the most prevalenttreatment. "Rehabilitation" is defined as "the process of returning a property to a state of utility, through repair or alteration,which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving those portions and features of the property which aresignificant to its historic, architectural, and cultural values."

Initially developed by the Secretary of the Interior to determine the appropriateness of proposed project work on registeredproperties within the Historic Preservation Fund grant-in-aid program, the Standards for Rehabilitation have been widely usedover the years - particUlarly to determine if a rehabilitation qualifies as a certified Rehabilitation for Federal tax purposes. Inaddition, the Standards have guided Federal agencies in carrying our their historic preservation, responsibilities for propertiesin Federal ownership or control; and State and local officials in reviewing both Federal and nonfederal rehabilitation proposals.They have also been adopted by historic district and planning commissions across the country.

The intent of the Standards is to assist the long-term preservation of a property's significance through the preservation ofhistoric materials and features. The Standards pertain to historic buildings of all materials, construction types, sizes, andoccupancy and encompass the exterior and interior of the buildings. They also encompass related landscape features and thebUilding's site and environment, as well as attached, adjacent, or related new construction. To be certified for Federal taxpurposes, a rehabilitation project must be determined by the Secretary to be consistent with the historic character of thestructure(s), and where applicable, the district in which it is located.

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING B.1

APPENDIX B

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

The following Standards are to be applied to specific rehabilitation projects in a reasonable manner, taking into considerationeconomic and technical feasibility

(1) A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the definingcharacteristics of the building and its site and environment.

(2) The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration offeatures and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.

(3) Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense ofhistorical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not beundertaken.

(4) Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

(5) Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historicproperty shall be preserved.

(6) Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualitiesand, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, orpictorial evidence.

(7) Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. Thesurface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

(8) Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be titdisturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

(9) New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize theproperty. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, andarchitectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

(10) New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

As stated in the definition, the treatment "rehabilitation" assumes that at least some repair or alteration of the historic buildingwill be needed in order to provide for an efficient contemporary use; however, these repairs and alterations must not damage ordestroy materials, features or finishes that are important in defining the building's historic character. For example, certaintreatments - if improperly applied - may cause accelerated physical deterioration of historic buildings. This can include usingimproper repointing or exterior masonry cleaning techniques, or introducing insulation that damages historic fabric. In almostall of these situations, use of these materials and treatments will result in a project that does not meet the Standards. Similarly,exterior additions that duplicate the form, material, and detailing of the structure to the extent that they compromise the historiccharacter of the structure will fail to meet the standards.

•B.2 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

APPENDIX B

e Technical Guidance Publications

The National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, conducts a variety of activities to guide Federal agencies, States,and the general public in historic preservation project work. In addition to establishing standards and guidelines, the Servicedevelops, publishes, and distributes technical information on appropriate preservation treatments, including PreservationBriefs, case studies, and Preservation Tech Notes.

A Catalog of Historic Publications with stock numbers, prices, and ordering information may be obtained by writing:Preservation Assistance Division, Technical Preservation Services, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127.

GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS

The Guidelines were initially developed in 1977 to help property owners, developers, and Federal managers apply theSecretary of the Interior's "Standards for Rehabilitation" during the project planning stage by providing general design andtechnical recommendations. Unlike the Standards, the guidelines are not codified as program requirements. Together with the"Standards for Rehabilitation" they provide a model process for owners, developers, and Federal agency managers to follow.

It should be noted at the outset that the Guidelines are intended to assist in applying the Standards to projects generally;consequently, they are not meant to give case-specific advice or address exceptions or rare instances. For example, theycannot tell an owner or developer which features of their own historic building are important in defining the historic characterand must be preserved - although examples are provided in each section - or which features could be altered, if necessary, forthe new use. This kind of careful case-by-case decision making is best accomplished by seeking assistance from qualifiedhistoric preservation professionals in the planning stage of the project. Such professionals include architects, architecturalhistorians, historians, archaeologists, and others who are skilled in the preservation, rehabilitation, and restoration of historicproperties.

The Guidelines pertain to historic buildings of all sizes, materials; occupancy, and construction types; and apply to interior andexterior work as well as new exterior additions. Those approaches, treatments, and techniques that are consistent with theSecretary of the Interior's "Standards for Rehabilitation" are listed in the "Recommended" column on the left; thoseapproaches, treatments, and techniques which could adversely affect a building's historic character are listed in the "NotRecommended" column on the right.

To provide clear and consistent guidance for owners, developers, and federal agency managers to follow, the "Recommended"courses of action in each section are listed in order of historic preservation concerns so that a rehabilitation project may besuccessfully planned and complete - one that, first, assures the preservation of a building's important or "character-defining"architectural materials and features and, second, makes possible an efficient contemporary use. Rehabilitation guidance ineach section begins with protection and maintenance, that work which should be maximized in every project to enhanceoverall preservation goals. Next, where some deterioration is present, repair of the building's historic materials and features isrecommended. Finally, when deterioration is so extensive that repair is not possible, the most problematic area of work isconsidered: replacement of historic materials and features with new materials.

To further guide the owner and developer in planning a successful rehabilitation project, those complex design issues dealingwith new use requirements such as alterations and additions are highlighted at the end of each section to underscore the needfor particular sensitivity in these areas.

Identify, Retain, and Preserve

The guidance that is basic to the treatment of all historic buildings - identifying, retaining, and preserving the form anddetailing of those architectural materials and features that are important in defining the historic character - is always listed firstin the "Recommended" column. The parallel "Not Recommended" column lists the types of actions that are most apt to causethe diminution or even loss of the building's historic character. It should be remembered, however, that such loss of character isjust as often caused by the cumulative effect of a series of actions that would seem to be minor interventions. Thus, thegUidance in all of the "Not Recommended" columns must be viewed in that larger context, e.g., for the total impact on a historicbuilding.


APPENDIX B

Protect and Maintain

After identifying those materials and features that are important and must be retained in the process of rehabilitation work,then protecting and maintaining them are addressed. Protection generally involves the least degree of intervention and ispreparatory to other work. For example, protection includes the maintenance of historic material through treatments such asrust removal, caulking, limited paint removal, and re-application of protective coatings; the cyclical cleaning of roof guttersystems; or installation of fencing, protective plywood, alarm systems and other temporary protective measures. Although ahistoric building will usually require more extensive work, an overall evaluation of its physical condition should always begin atthis level.

Repair

Next, when the physical condition of character-defining materials and features warrants additional work repairing isrecommended. Guidance for the repair of historic materials such as masonry, wood, and architectural metals again beginswith the least degree of intervention possible such as patching, piecing-in, splicing, consolidating, or otherwise reinforcing orupgrading them according to recognized preservation methods. Repairing also includes the limited replacement in kind - orwith compatible substitute material - of extensively deteriorated or missing parts of features when there are survivingprototypes (for example, brackets, dentils, steps, plaster, or portions of slate or tile roofing). Although using the same kind ofmaterial is always the preferred option, substitute material is acceptable if the form and design as well as the substitutematerial itself convey the visual appearance of the remaining parts of the feature and finish.

Replace

Following repair in the hierarchy, guidance is provided for replacing an entire character-defining feature with new materialbecause the level of deterioration or damage of materials precludes repair (for example, an exterior cornice; an interiorstaircase; or a complete porch or storefront). If the essential form and detailing are still evident so that the physical evidencecan be used to re-establish the feature as an integral part of the rehabilitation project, then its replacement is appropriate. Likethe guidance for repair, the preferred option is always replacement of the entire feature in kind, that is, with the same material.Because this approach may not always be technically or economically feasible, provisions are made to consider the use of acompatible substitute material.

It should be noted that, while the National Park Service guidelines recommend the replacement of an entire character definingfeature under certain well-defined circumstances, they never recommend removal and replacement with new material of afeature that - although damaged or deteriorated - could reasonably be repaired and thus preserved.

Design for Missing Historic Features

When an entire interior or exterior feature is missing (for example, an entrance, or cast iron facade; or a principal staircase), itno longer plays a role in physically defining the historic character of the building unless it can be accurately recovered in formand detailing through the process of carefully documenting the historical appearance. Where an important architecturalfeature is missing, its recovery is always recommended in the guidelines as the first or preferred, course of action. Thus, ifadequate historical, pictorial, and physical documentation exists so that the feature may be accurately reproduced, and if it isdesirable to re-establish the feature as part of the building's historical appearance, then designing and constructing a newfeature based on such information is appropriate. However, a second acceptable option for the replacement feature is a newdesign that is compatible with the remaining character-defining features of the historic building. The new design should alwaystake into account the size, scale, and materials of the historic building itself and, most importantly, should be clearlydifferentiated so that a false historical appearance is not created.

Alterations/Additions to Historic Buildings

Some exterior and interior alterations to the historic building are generally needed to assure its continued use, but it is mostimportant that such alterations do not radically change, obscure, or destroy character-defining spaces, materials, features, orfinishes. Alterations may include providing additional parking space on an existing historic building site; cutting new entrancesor windows on secondary elevations; inserting an additional floor; installing an entirely new mechanical system; or creating anatrium or light well. Alteration may also include the selective removal of buildings or other features of the environment orbuilding site that are intrusive and therefore detract from the overall historic character.

B.4 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

APPENDIX B

The construction of an exterior addition to a historic bUilding may seem to be essential for the new use, but it is emphasized inthe guidelines that such new additions should be avoided, if possible, and considered only after it is determined that thoseneeds cannot be met by altering secondary, i.e., non character-defining interior spaces. If, after a thorough evaluation ofinterior solutions, an exterior addition is still jUdged to be the only viable alternative, it should be designed and constructed tobe clearly differentiated from the historic building and so that the character-defining features are not radically changed,obscured, damanged, or destroyed.

Additions to historic buildings are referenced within specific sections of the guidelines such as Site, Roof, Structural Systems,etc., but are also considered in more detail in a separate section, NEW ADDITIONS TO HISTROIC BUILDINGS.

Health and Safety Code ReqUirements; Energy Retrofitting

These sections of the rehabilitation guidance address work done to meet health and safety code requirements (for example,providing barrier-free access to historic buildings); or retrofitting measures to conserve energy (for example, installing solarcollectors in an unobstrusive location on the site). Although this work is quite often an important aspect of rehabilitationprojects, it is usually not part of the overall process of protecting or repairing character-defining features; rather, such work isassessed for its potential negative impact on the building's historic character. For this reason, particular care must be taken notto radically change, obscure, damage, or destroy character-defining materials or features in the process of rehabilitation workto meet code and energy requirements.


APPENDIX B

BUILDING EXTERIOR

Masonry: Brick, stone,terra cotta, concrete,adobe, stucco and mortar

Recommended

Masonry features (such as brick cornices and door pediments, stone windowarchitraves, terra cotta brackets and railings) as well as masonry surfaces(modeling, tooling, bonding patterns, joint size, and color) may be important indefining the historic character of the building. It should be noted that whilemasonry is among the most durable of historic building materials, it is also themost susceptible to damage by improper maintenance or repair techniques andby harsh or abrasive cleaning methods. Most preservation guidance onmasonry thus focuses on such concerns as cleaning and the process ofrepointing.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving masonry featuresthat are important in defining the overall historic character ofthe building such as walls, brackets, railings, cornices,window architraves, door pediments, steps, and columns;and joint and unit size, tooling and bonding patterns,coatings, and color.

Protecting and maintaining masonry by providing properdrainage so that water does not stand on flat, horizontalsurfaces or accumulate curved decorative features.

Cleaning masonry only when necessary to haltdeterioration or remove heavy soiling.

Carrying out masonry surface c1eaniang tests after it hasbeen determined that such cleaning is necessary. Testsshould be observed over a sufficient period of time so thatboth the immediate effects and the long range effects areknown to enable selection of the gentlest method possible.

Cleaning masonry surfaces with the gentlest methodpossible such as low pressure water and detergents, usingnatural bristle brushes.

B.6

Removing or radically changing masonry features which areimportant in defining the the overall historic character of thebuilding so that, as a result, the character is diminished.

Replacing or rebuilding a major portion of exterior masonrywalls that could be repaired so that, as a result, the buildingis no longer historic and is essentially new construction.

Applying paint or other coatings such as stucco to masonrythat has been historically unpainted or uncoated to create anew appearance.

Removing paint from historically painted masonry. Radicallychanging the type of paint or coating or its color.

Failing to evaluate and treat the various causes of mortarjoint deterioration such as leaking roofs or gutters,differential settlement of the building, capillary action, orextreme weather exposure.

Cleaning masonry surfaces when they are not heavily soiledto create a new appearance, thus needlessly introducingchemicals or moisture into historic materials.

Cleaning masonry surfaces without testing or withoutsufficient time for the testing results to be of value.

Sandblasting brick or stone surfaces using dry or wet grit orother abrasives. These methods of cleaning permanentlyerode the surface of the material and acceleratedeterioration.

Using a cleaning method that involves water or liquidchemical solutions when there is any possibility of freezingtemperatures.

Cleaning with chemical products that will damage masonry,such as using acid on limestone or marble, or leavingchemicals on masonry surfaces.

Applying high pressure water cleaning methods that willdamage historic masonry and the mortar joints.


Recommended

Inspecting painted masonry surfaces to determine whetherrepainting is necessary.

Removing damaged or deteriorated paint only to the nextsound layer using the gentlest method possible (e.g.,handscraping) prior to repainting.

Applying compatible paint coating systems followingproper surface preparation.

Repainting with colors that are historically appropriate tothe building and district.

Evaluating the overall condition of the masonry todetermine whether more than protection and maintenanceare required, that is, if repairs to the masonry features will benecessary.

Repairing masonry walls and other masonry features byrepointing the mortar joints where there is evidencedeterioration such as disintegrating mortar, cracks in mortarjoints, loose bricks, damp walls, or damaged plasterwork.

Removing deteriorated mortar by carefully hand-raking thejoints to avoid damaging the masonry.

Duplicating old mortar in strength, composition, color, andtexture.

Duplicating old mortar joints in width and in joint profile.

Repairing stucco by removing the damaged material andpatching with new stucco that duplicates the old strength,composition, color, and texture.

Using mud plaster as a surface coating over unfired,, unstabilized adobe because the mud plaster will bond to the

adobe.


APPENDIX B

Not Recommended

Removing paint that is firmly adhering to, and thusprotecting, masonry surfaces.

Using methods of removing paint which are destructive tomasonry, such as sandblasting, application of causticsolutions, or high pressure waterblasting.

Failing to follow manufacturers' product and applicationinstructions when repainting masonry.

Using new paint colors that are inappropriate to the historicbuilding and district.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of masonry features.

Removing nondeteriorated mortar from sound joints, thenrepointing the entire building to achieve a uniformappearance.

Using electric saws and hammers rather than hand toolsremove deteriorated mortar from joints prior to repointing.

Repointing with mortar of high portland cement content(unless it is the content of the historic mortar). This can oftencreate a bond that is stronger than the historic material andcan cause damage as a result of the differing coefficient ofexpansion and the differing porosity of the material and themortar.

Repointing with a synthetic caulking compound.

Using a "scrub" coating technique to repoint instead oftraditional repointing methods.

Changing the width or joint profile when repointing.

Removing sound stucco; or repairing with new stucco that isstronger than the historic material or does not convey thesame visual appearance.

Applying cement stucco to unfired, unstabilized adobe.Because the cement stucco will not bond properly, moisturecan become entrapped between materials, resulting inaccelerated deterioration of the adobe.

B.7

APPENDIX B

Recommended

Repairing masonry features by patching, piecing-in, orconsolidating the masonry using recognized preservationmethods. Repair may also include the limited replacement inkind - or with compatible substitute material - of thoseextensively deteriorated or missing parts of masonryfeatures when there are surviving prototypes such asterracotta brackets or stone balusters.

Applying new or non-historic surface treatments such aswater-repellent coatings to masonry only after repointingand only if masonry repairs have failed to arrest waterpenetration problems.

Replacing in kind an entire masonry feature that is toodeteriorated to repair - if the overall form and detailing arestill evident - using the physical evidence to guide the newwork. Examples can include large sections of a wall, acornice, balustrade, column or stairway. If using the samekind of material is not technically or economically feasible,then a compatible substitute material may be considered.

Not Recommended

Replacing an entire masonry feature such as a cornice orbalustrade when repair of the masonry and limitedreplacement of deteriorated or missing parts areappropriate.

Using a substitute material for the replacement part thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the survivingparts of the masonry feature or that is physically orchemically incompatible.

Applying waterproof, water-repellent, or non-historiccoatings such as stucco to masonry as a substitute forrepointing and masonry repairs. Coatings are frequentlyunnecessary, expensive, and may change the appearanceof historic masonry as well as accelerate its deterioration.

Removing a masonry feature that is unrepairable and notreplacing it; or replacing it with a new feature that does notconvey the same visual appearance.

The following work is highlighted to indicate that it represents the particularly complex technical or design aspects •of rehabilitation projects and should only be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have beenaddressed.


Designing and installing a new masonry feature such assteps or a door pediment when the historic feature iscompletely missing. It may be an accurate restorationusing historical, pictorial, and physical documentation;or be a new design that is compatible with the size,scale, material, and color of the historic building.

B.8

Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced masonry feature is based on insufficient historical,pictorial, and physical documentation.

Introducing a new masonry feature that is incompatible insize, scale, material and color.


Wood: Clapboard, weather-board,shingles and other wooden siding anddecorative elements

Recommended

APPENDIX B

Because it can be easily shaped by sawing, planing, carving, and gouging,wood is the most commonly used material for architectural features such asclapboards, cornices, brackets, entablatures, shutters, columns andbalustrades. These wooden features - both functional and decorative - may beimportant in defining the historic character of the building and thus theirretention, protection, and repair are of particular importance in rehabilitationprojects.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining and preserving wood features thatare important in defining the overall historic character of thebuilding such as siding, cornices, brackets, windowarchitraves, and dooway pediments; and their paints,finishes, and colors.

Protecting and maintaining wood features by providingproper drainage so that water is not in decorative features.

Applying chemical preservatives to wood features such asbeam ends or outriggers that are exposed to decay hazardsand are traditionally unpainted.

Retaining coatings such as paint that help protect the woodfrom moisture and ultraviolet light. Paint removal should beconsidered only where there is paint surface deteriorationand as part of an overall maintenance program whichinvolves repainting or applying other appropriate protectivecoatings.

Inspecting painted wood surfaces to determine whetherrepainting is necessary or if cleaning is all that is required.

Removing damaged or deteriorated paint to the next soundlayer using the gentlest method possible (hand-scrapingand handsanding), then repainting.


Removing or radically changing wood features which areimportant in defining the overall historic character of thebuilding so that, as a result, the character is diminished.

Removing a major portion of the historic wood from a facadeinstead of repairing or replacing only the deteriorated wood,then reconstructing the facade with new material in order toachieve a uniform or "improved" appearance.

Radically changing the type of finish or its color or accentscheme so that the historic character of the exterior isdiminished.

Stripping historically painted surfaces to bare wood, thenapplying clear finishes or stains in order to create a "naturallook."

Stripping paint or varnish to bare wood rather than repairingor reapplying a special finish, i.e., a grained finish to anexterior wood feature such as a front door.

Failing to identify, evaluate, and treat the causes of wooddeterioration, including faulty flashing, leaking gutters,cracks and holes in siding, deteriorated caulking in jointsand seams, plant material growing too close to woodsurfaces, or insect or fungus infestation.

Using chemical preservatives such as creosote which canchange the appearance of wood features unless they wereused historically.

Stripping paint or other coatings to reveal bare wood, thusexposing historically coated surfaces to the effects ofaccelerated weathering.

Removing paint that is firmly adhering to, and thus,protecting wood surfaces.

Using destructive paint removal methods such as propaneor butane torches, sandblasting or waterblasting. Thesemethods can irreversibly damage historic woodwork.

B.9

APPENDIX B

Recommended

Using with care electric hot-air guns or decorative woodfeatures and electric heat plates on flat wood surfaces whenpaint is so deteriorated that total removal is necessary priorto repainting.

Using chemical strippers primarily to supplement othermethods such as handscraping, handsanding and theabove-recommended thermal devices. Detachable woodenelements such as shutters, doors, and columns may - withthe proper safeguards - be chemically dip-stripped.

Applying compatible paint coating systems followingproper surface preparation.

Repainting with colors that are appropriate to the historicbuilding and district.

Evaluating the overall condition of the wood to determinewhether more than protection and maintenance arerequired, that is, if repairs to wood features will benecessary.

Repairing wood features by patching, piecing in,consolidating, or otherwise reinforcing the wood usingrecognized preservation methods. Repair may also includethe limited replacement in kind - or with compatiblesubstitute material - of those extensively deteriorated ormissing parts of features where there are survivingprototypes such as brackets, moldings, or sections of siding.

Replacing in kind an entire wood feature that is toodeteriorated to repair - if the overall form and detailing arestill evident - using the physical evidence to guide the newwork. Examples of wood features include a cornice,entablature or balustrade. If using the same kind of materialis not technically or economically feasible, then a compatiblesubstitute material may be considered.

Not Recommended

Using thermal devices improperly so that the historicwoodwork is scorched.

Failing to neutralize the wood thoroughly after usingchemicals so that new paint does not adhere.

Allowing detachable wood features to soak too long in acaustic solution so that the wood grain is raised and thesurface roughened.

Failing to follow manufacturers' product and applicationinstructions when repainting exterior woodwork.

Using new colors that are inappropriate to the historicbuilding or district.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of wood features.

Replacing an entire wood feature such as a cornice or wallwhen repair of the wood and limited replacement ofdeteriorated 0:" missing parts are appropriate.

Using substitute materials for the replacement part that _does not convey the visual appearance of the surviving •parts of the wood feature or that is physically or chemicallyincompatible.

Removing an entire wood feature that is unrepairable andnot replacing it; or replacing it with a new feature that doesnot convey the same visual appearance.

The following work is highlighted to indicate that it represents the particularly complex technical or design aspectsof rehabilitation projects and should only be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have beenaddressed.

Design for the Replacement of Missing HistoricFeatures

Designing and installing a new wood feature such as acornice of doorway when the historic feature iscompletely missing. It may be an accurate restorationusing historical, pictorial, and physical documentation;or be a new design that is compatible with the size,scale, material, and color of the historic building.

B.10

Creating a false historic appearance because the replacedwood feature is based on insufficient historical, pictorial, andphysical documentation.

Introducing a new wood feature that is incompatible in size,scale, material, and color.


Architectural Metals:Cast iron, steel, pressed tin, copper,aluminum, and zinc

Recommended

APPENDIX B

Architectural metal features - such as cast-iron facades, porches, and steps;sheet metal cornices, roofs, roof cresting and storefronts; and cast or rolledmetal doors, window sash, entablatures, and hardware - are often highlydecorative and may be important in defining the overall historic character of thebUilding. Their retention, protection, and repair should be a prime considerationin rehabilitation projects.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving architectural metalfeatures such as columns, capitals, window hoods, orstairways that are important in defining the overall historiccharacter of the building; and their finishes and colors.

Protecting and maintaining architectural metals fromcorrosion by providing proper drainage so that water doesnot stand on flat, horizontal surfaces or accumulate incurved, decorative features.

Cleaning architectural metals, when necessary, to removecorrosion prior to repainting or applying other appropriateprotective coatings.

Identifying the particular type of metal prior to any cleaningprocedure and then testing to assure that the gentlestcleaning method possible is selected or determining thatcleaning is inappropriate for the particular metal.

Cleaning soft metals such as lead, tin, copper, terneplate,and zinc with appropriate chemical methods because theirfinishes can be easily abraded by blasting methods.

Using the gentlest cleaning methods for cast iron, wroughtiron, and steel-hard metals-in order to remove paint buildupand corrosion. If handscraping and wire brushing haveproven ineffective, low pressure dry grit blasting may beused as long as it does not abrade or damage the surface.

Applying appropriate paint or other coating systems aftercleaning in order to decrease the corrosion rate of metals oralloys.


Removing or radically changing architectural metal featureswhich are important in defining the overall historic characterof the building so that, as a result, the character isdiminished.

Removing a major portion of the historic architectural metalfrom a facade instead of repairing or replacing only thedeteriorated metal, then reconstructing the facade with newmaterial in order to create a uniform, or "improved"appearance.

Radically changing the type of finish or its historical color oraccent scheme.

Failing to identify, evaluate, and treat the causes ofcorrosion, such as moisture from leaking roofs or gutters.

Placing incompatible metals together without providing areliable separation material. Such incompatibility can resultin galvanic corrosion of the less noble metal, e.g., copper willcorrode cast iron, steel, tin, and aluminum.

Exposing metals which were intended to be protected fromthe environment.

Applying paint or other coatings to metals such as copper,bronze, or stainless steel that were meant to be exposed.

Using cleaning methods which alter or damage the historiccolor, texture, and finish of the metal; or cleaning when it isinappropriate for the metal.

Removing the patina of historic metal. The patina may be aprotective coating on some metals, such as bronze orcopper, as well as a significant historic finish.

Cleaning soft metals such as lead, tin, copper, terneplate,and zinc with grit blasting which will abrade the surface ofthe metal.

Failing to employ gentler methods prior to abrasivelycleaning cast iron, wrought iron or steel; or using highpressure grit blasting.

Failing to re-apply protective coating systems to metals oralloys that require them after cleaning so that acceleratedcorrosion occurs.

B.11

APPENDIX B

Recommended

Repainting with colors that are appropriate to the historicbuilding or district.

Applying an appropriate protective coating such as lacquerto an architectural metal feature such as a bronze doorwhich is subject to heavy pedestrian use.

Evaluating the overall condition of the architectural metalsto determine whether more than protection andmaintenance are required, that is, if repairs to features willbe necessary.

Repairing architectural metal features by patching, splicing,or otherwise reinforcing the metal following recognizedpreservation methods. Repairs may also include the limitedreplacement in kind - or with a compatible substitutematerial- of those extensively deteriorated or missing partsof features when there are surviving prototypes such asporch balusters, column capitals or bases; or porch cresting.

Replacing in kind an entire architectural metal feature thatis too deteriorated to repair - if the overall form and detailingare still evident - using the physical evidence to guide thenew work. Examples could include cast iron porch steps orsteel sash windows. If using the same kind of material is nottechnically or economically feasible, then a compatiblesubstitute material may be considered.

Not Recommended

Using new colors that are inappropriate to the historicbuilding or district.

Failing to assess pedestrian use or new access patterns sothat architectural metal features are subject to damage byuse or inappropriate maintenance such as salting adjacentsidewalks.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of architectural metal features.

Replacing an entire architectural metal feature such as acolumn or a balustrade when repair of the metal and limitedreplacement of deteriorated or missing parts areappropriate.

Using a substitute material for the replacement part thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the survivingparts of the architectural metal feature or that is physically orchemically incompatible.

Removing an architectural metal feature that is unrepairableand not replacing it, or replacing it with a new architecturalmetal feature that does not convey same visual appearance



Designing and installing a new architectural metalfeature such as a sheet metal cornice or cast iron capitalwhen the historic feature is completely missing. It maybe an accurate restoration using historical, pictorialand physical documentation; or a new design that iscompatible with the size, scale, material, and color ofthe historic building.

B.12

Creating a false historic appearance because the replacedarchitectural metal feature is based on insufficient historical,pictorial, and physical documentation.

Introducing a new architectural metal feature that isincompatible in size, scale, material, and color.


Roofs

Recommended

APPENDIX B

The roof - with its shape; features such as cresting, dormers, cupolas, andchimneys; and the size, color, and patterning of the roofing material - can beextremely important in defining the building's overall historic character. Inaddition to the design role it plays, a weathertight roof is essential to thepreservation of the entire structure; thus, protecting and repairing the roof as a"cover" is a critical aspect of every rehabilitation project.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving roofs - and theirfunctional and decorative features - that are important indefining the overall historic character of the bUilding. Thisincludes the roof's shape, such as hipped, gambrel, andmansard; decorative features such as cupolas, cresting,chimneys, and weathervanes; and roofing material such asslate, wood, clay tile, and metal, as well as its size, color, andpatterning.

Protecting and maintaining a roof by cleaning the guttersand downspouts and replacing deteriorated flashing. Roofsheathing should also be checked for proper venting toprevent moisture condensation and water penetration; andto insure that materials are free from insect infestation.

Providing adequate anchorage for roofing material to guardagainst wind damage and moisture penetration.

Protecting a leaking roof with plywood and building paperuntil it can be properly repaired.

Repairing a roof by reinforcing the historic materials whichcomprise roof features. Repairs will also generally includethe limited replacement in kind or with compatible substitutematerial- of those extensively deteriorated or missing partsof features when there are surviVing prototypes such ascupola louvers, dentils, dormer roofing, or slates, tiles, orwood shingles on a main roof.

Replacing in kind an entire feature of the roof that is toodeteriorated to repair - if the overall form and detailing arestill evident - using the physical evidence to guide the newwork. Examples can include a large section of roofing, or adormer or chimney. If using the same kind of material is nottechnically or economically feasible, then a compatiblesubstitute material may be considered.


Radically changing, damaging, or destroying roofs whichare important in defining the overall historic character of thebuilding so that, as a result, the character is diminished.

Removing a major portion of the roof or roofing material thatis repairable, then reconstructing it with new material inorder to create a uniform, or "improved" appearance.

Changing the configuration of a roof by adding new featuressuch as dormer windows, vents, or skylights so that thehistoric character is diminished.

Stripping the roof of sound historic material such as slate,clay tile, wood, and architectural metal.

Applying paint or other coatings to roofing material whichhas been historically uncoated.

Failing to clean and maintain gutters and downspoutsproperly so that water and debris collect and cause damageto roof fasteners, sheathing, and the underlying structure.

Allowing roof fasteners, such as nails and clips to corrode sothat roofing material is subject to accelerated deterioration.

Permitting a leaking roof to remain unprotected so thataccelerated deterioration of historic building materials masonry, wood, plaster, paint and structural members- occurs.

Replacing an entire roof feature such as a cupola or dormerwhen repair of the historic materials and limitedreplacement of deteriorated or missing parts areappropriate.

Using a substitute material for the replacement part thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the survivingparts of the roof or that is physically or chemicallyincompatible.

Removing a feature of the roof that is unrepairable, such asa chimney or dormer, and not replacing it; or replacing it witha new feature that does not convey the same visualappearance.

B.13

APPENDIX B

The following work is highlighted to indicate that it represents the particularly complex technical or design aspects -of rehabilitation projects and should only be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have been _addressed.

Recommended


Designing and constructing a new feature when thehistoric feature is completely missing, such as achimney or cupola. It may be an accurate restorationusing historical, pictorial and physical documentation;or be a new design that is compatible with the size,scale, material, and color of the historic building.

Alterations/Additions for the New Use

Installing mechanical and service equipment on theroof such as air conditioning, transformers, or solarcollectors when required for the new use so that theyare inconspicuous from the pUblic right-of-way and donot damage or obscure character-defining features.

Designing additions to roofs such as residential, office,or storage spaces; elevator housing; decks andterraces; or dormers or skylights when required by thenew use so that they are inconspicuous from the publicright-of-way and do not damage or obscurecharacter-defining features.

B.14

Not Recommended

Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced feature is based on insufficient historical, pictorial,and physical documentation.

Introducing a new roof feature that is incompatible in size,scale, material, and color.

Installing mechanical or service equipment so that itdamages or obscures character~defining features; or isconspicuous from the public right-of-way.

Radically changing a character-defining roof shape ordamaging or destroying character-defining roofing materialas a result of incompatible design or improper installationtechniques.


Windows

Recommended

APPENDIX B

A highly decorative window with an unusual shape, or glazing pattern, or color ismost likely identified immediately as character-defining feature of the building. Itis far more difficult, however, to assess the importance of repeated windows ona facade, particularly if they are individually simple in design and material, suchas the large, multipaned sash of many industrial buildings. Becauserehabilitation projects frequently include proposals to replace window sash oreven entire windows to improve thermal efficiency or to create a newappearance, it is essential that their contribution to the overall historic characterof the building be assessed together with their physical condition before specificrepair or replacement work is undertaken.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving windows - andtheir functional and decorative features - that are importantin defining the overall historic character of the building. Suchfeatures can include frames, sash, muntins, glazing, sills,heads, hoodmolds, paneled or decorated jambs andmoldings, and interior and exterior shutters and blinds.

Protecting and maintaining the wood and architecturalmetal which comprise the window frame, sash, muntins, andsurrounds through appropriate surface treatments such ascleaning, rust removal, limited paint removal, andreapplication of protective coating systems.

Making windows weathertight by recaulking and replacingor installing weatherstripping. These actions also improvethermal efficiency.

Evaluating the overall condition of materials to determinewhether more than protection and maintenance arerequired, i.e., if repairs to windows and window features willbe required.

Repairing window frames and sash by patching, splicing,consolidating or otherwise reinforcing. Such repair may alsoinclude replacement in kind of those parts that are eitherextensively deteriorated or are missing when there aresurViving prototypes such as architraves, hoodmolds, sash,sills, and interior or exterior shutters and blinds.


Removing or radically changing windows which areimportant in defining the overall historic character of thebuilding so that, as a result, the character is diminished.

Changing the number, location, size or glazing pattern ofwindows, through cutting new openings, blocking-inwindows, and installing replacement sash which does not fitthe historic window opening.

Changing the historic appearance of windows through theuse of inappropriate designs, materials, finishes, or colorswhich radically change the sash, depth of reveal, and muntinconfiguration, the reflectivity and color of the glazing; or theappearance of the frame.

Obscuring historic window trim with metal or other material.

Stripping windows of historic material such as wood, iron,cast iron, and bronze.

Failing to provide adequate protection of materials on acyclical basis so that deterioration of the windows results.

Retrofitting or replacing windows rather than maintainingthe sash, frame, and glazing.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of historic windows.

Replacing an entire window when repair of materials andlimited replacement of deteriorated or missing parts areappropriate.

Failing to reuse serviceable window hardware such as brasslifts and sash locks.

Using a substitute material for the replacement part thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the surviving partof the window or that is physically or chemicallyincompatible.

B.15

APPENDIX B

Recommended

Replacing in kind an entire window that is too deterioratedto repair - if the overall form and detailing are still evident using the physical evidence to guide the new work. If usingthe same kind of material is not technically or economicallyfeasible, then a compatible substitute material may beconsidered.

Not Recommended

Removing a character-defining window that is unrepairableand blocking it in; or replacing it with a new window, thatdoes not convey the same visual appearance.


Recommended


Designing and installing new windows when thehistoric windows (frame, sash and glazing) arecompletely missing. The replacement windows may bean accurate restoration using historical, pictorial, andphysical documentation; or be a new design that iscompatible with the window openings and the historiccharacter of the building.


Designing and installing additional windows on rear onother non-character-defining elevations if required bythe new use. New windows openings may also be cutinto exposed party walls. Such design should becompatible with the overall design of the building, butnot duplicate the fenestration pattern and detailing of acharacter defining elevation.

Providing a setback in the design of dropped ceilingswhen they are required for the new use to allow for thefull height of the window openings.

B.16

Not Recommended

Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced window is based on insufficient historical, pictorial,and physical documentation.

Introducing a new design that is incompatible with historiccharacter of the building.

Installing new windows, including frames sash, a muntinconfiguration that are incompatible with the building'shistoric appearance or obscure, damage, destroycharacter-defining features.

Inserting new floors or furred-down ceilings, which cutacross the glazed areas of windows so that the exterior formand appearance of the windows are changed.


Entrances and Porches

Recommended

APPENDIX B

Entrances and porches are quite often the focus of historic buildings,particularly when they occur on primary elevations. Together with theirfunctional and decorative features such as doors, steps, balustrades, pilasters,and entablatures, they can be extremely important in defining the overall historiccharacter of a building. Their retention, protection, and repair should always becarefully considered when planning rehabilitation work.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving entrances - andtheir functional and decorative features - that are importantin defining the overall historic character of the building suchas doors, fanlights, sidelights, pilasters, entablatures,columns, balustrades, and stairs.

Protecting and maintaining the masonry, wood, andarchitectural metal that comprise entrances and porchesthrough appropriate surface treatments such as cleaning,rust removal, limited paint removal, and re-application ofprotective coating systems.

Evaluating the overall condition of materials to determinewhether more than protection and maintenance arerequired, that is, if repairs to entrance and porch features willbe necessary.

Repairing entrances and porches by reinforcing the historicmaterials. Repair will also generally include the limitedreplacement in kind - or with compatible substitute materialof those extensively deteriorated or missing parts ofrepeated features where there are surviving prototypessuch as balustrades, cornices, entablatures, columns,sidelights, and stairs.

Replacing in kind an entire entrance or porch that is toodeteriorated to repair - if the form and detailing are stillevident - using the physical evidence to guide the new work.If using the same kind of material is not technically oreconomically feasible, then a compatible substitute materialmay be considered.


Removing or radically changing entrances and porcheswhich are important in defining the overall historic characterof the building so that, as a result, the character isdiminished.

Stripping entrances and porches of historic material such aswood, iron, cast iron, terra cotta, tile and brick.

Removing an entrance or porch because the building hasbeen reoriented to accommodate a new use.

Cutting new entrances on a primary elevation.

Altering utilitarian or service entrances so they appear to beformal entrances by adding paneled doors, fanlights, andsidelights.

Failing to provide adequate protection to materials on acyclical basis so that deterioration of entrances and porchesresults.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of historic entrances and porches.

Replacing an entire entrance or porch when the repair ofmaterials and limited replacement of parts are appropriate.

Using a substitute material for the replacement parts thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the survivingparts of the entrance and porch or that is physically orchemically incompatible.

Removing an entrance or porch that is unrepairable and notreplacing it, or replacing it with a new entrance or porch thatdoes not convey the same visual appearance.

B.17

APPENDIX B

The following work is highlighted to indicate that it represents the particularly complex technical or design aspects _of rehabilitation projects and should only be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have been •addressed.

Recommended


Designing and constructing a new entrance or porch ifthe historic entrance or porch is completely missing. Itmay be a restoration based on historical, pictorial, andphysical documentation; or be a new design that iscompatible with the historic character of the building.


Designing enclosures for historic porches whenrequired by the new use in a manner that preserves thehistoric character of the building. This can includeusing large sheets of glass and recessing the enclosurewall behind existing scrollwork, posts, and balustrades.

Designing and installing additional entrances orporches when required for the new use in a manner thatpreserves the historic character of the building, i.e.,limiting such alteration to non-character-definingelevations.

B.18

Not Recommended

Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced entrance or porch is based on insufficienthistorical, pictorial, and physical documentation.

Introducing a new entrance or porch that is incompatible insize, scale, material, and color.

Enclosing porches in a manner that results in a or loss ofhistoric character such as using solid materials such aswood, stucco, or masonry.

Installing secondary service entrances and porches areincompatible in size and scale with the historic building orobscure, damage, or destroy character-defining features.


Storefronts

Recommended

APPENDIX B

Storefronts are quite often the focus of historic commercial bUildings and canthus be extremely important in defining the overall historic character. Becausestorefronts also playa crucial role in a store's advertising and merchandisingstrategy to draw customers and increase business, they are often altered tomeet the needs of a new business. Particular care is required in planning andaccomplishing work on storefronts so that the building's historic character ispreserved in the process of rehabilitation.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining and preserving storefronts - andtheir functional and decorative features - that are importantin defining the overall historic character of the building suchas display windows, signs, doors, transoms, kick plates,corner posts, and entablatures.

Protecting and maintaining masonry, wood, andarchitectural metals which comprise storefronts throughappropriate treatments such as cleaning, rust removal,limited paint removal, and reapplication of protective coatingsystems.

Protecting storefronts against arson and vandalism beforework beings by boarding up windows and installing alarmsystems that are keyed into local protection agencies.

Evaluating the overall condition of storefront materials todetermine whether more than protection and maintenanceare required that is if repairs to features will be necessary.

Repairing storefronts by reinforcing the historic materials.Repairs will also generally include the limited replacement inkind - or with compatible substitute material - of thoseextensively deteriorated or missing parts of storefrontswhere there are surviving prototypes such as transoms, kickplates, pilasters, or signs.

Replacing in kind an entire storefront that is toodeteriorated to repair - if the overall form and detailing arestill evident - using the physical evidence to guide the newwork. If using the same material is not technically oreconomically feasible, then compatible substitute materialsmay be considered.


Removing or radically changing storefronts - and theirfeatures - which are important in defining the overall historiccharacter of the building so that, as a result, the character isdiminished.

Changing the storefront so that it appears residential ratherthan commercial in character.

Removing historic material from the storefront to create arecessed arcade.

Introducing coach lanterns, mansard overhangings, woodshakes, nonoperable shutters, and small-pa.ned windows ifthey cannot be documented historically.

Changing the location of a storefront's main entrance.

Failing to provide adequate protection to materials on acyclical basis so that deterioration of storefront featuresresults.

Permitting entry into the building through unsecured orbroken windows and doors so that interior features andfinishes are damaged through exposure to weather orthrough vandalism.

Stripping storefronts of historic material such as wood, castiron, terra cotta, Carrara glass, and brick.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of the historic storefront.

Replacing an entire storefront when repair of materials andlimited replacement of its parts are appropriate.

Using substitute material for the replacement parts thatdoes not convey the same visual appearance as thesurviving parts of the storefront or that is physically orchemically incompatible.

Removing a storefront that is unrepairable and not replacingit; or replacing it with a new storefront that does not conveythe same visual appearance.

B.19

APPENDIX B

The following work is highlighted to indicate that it represents the particularly complex technical or design aspects -of rehabilitation projects and should only be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have been •addressed.

Recommended


Designing and constructing a new storefront when thehistoric storefront is completely missing. It may be anaccurate restoration using historical, pictorial, andphysical documentation; or be a new design that iscompatible with the size, scale, material, and color ofthe historic building. Such new design should generallybe flush with the facade; and the treatment ofsecondary design elements, such as awnings or signs,kept as simple as possible. For example, new signsshould fit flush with the existing features of the facade,such as the fascia board or cornice.

B.20

Not Recommended

Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced storefront is based on insufficient historical,pictorial, and physical documentation.

Introducing a new design that is incompatible in scale,material, and color.

Using new illuminated signs; inappropriately scaled signsand logos; signs that project over the sidewalk unless theywere a characteristic feature of the historic bUilding; othertypes of signs that obscure, damage, or destroy remainingcharacter-defining features of the historic building.


BUILDING INTERIORStructural System

Recommended

APPENDIX B

If features of the structural system are exposed such as loadbearing brick walls,cast iron columns, roof trusses, posts and beams, vigas, or stone foundationwalls, they may be important in defining the building's overall historic character.Unexposed structural features that are not character-defining or an entirestructural system may nonetheless be significant in the history of buildingtechnology; therefore, the structural system should always be examined andevaluated early in the project planning stage to determine both its physicalcondition and its importance to the building's historic character or historicalsignificance. See also Health and Safety Code Requirements.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving structural systems- and individual features of systems - that are important indefining the overall historic character of the building, such aspost and beam systems, trusses, summer beams, vigas,cast iron columns, abovegrade stone foundation walls, orloadbearing brick or stone walls.

Protecting and maintaining the structural system bycleaning the roof gutters and downspouts; replacing roofflashing; keeping masonry, wood, and architectural metalsin a sound condition; and assuring that structural membersare free from insect infestation.

Examining and evaluating the physical condition of thestructural system and its individual features usingnon-destructive techniques such as X-ray photography.

Repairing the structural system by augmenting orupgrading individual parts or features. For example,weakened structural members such as floor framing can bespliced, braced, or otherwise supplemented and reinforced.


Removing, covering, or radically changing features ofstructural systems which are important in defining theoverall historic character of the building so that, as a result,the character is diminished.

Putting a new use into the building which could overload theexisting structural system; or installing equipment ormechanical systems which could damage the structure.

Demolishing a loadbearing masonry wall that could beaugmented and retained and replacing it with a new wall(Le., brick or stone), using the historic masonry only as anexterior veneer.

Leaving known structural problems untreated such asdeflection of beams, cracking and bowing of walls, orracking of structural members.

Utilizing treatments or products that accelerate thedeterioration of structural material such as introducingurea-formaldehyde foam insulation into frame walls.

Failing to provide proper building maintenance on a cyclicalbasis so that deterioration of the structural system results.

Utilizing destructive probing techniques that will damage ordestroy structural material.

Upgrading the building structurally in a manner thatdiminishes the historic character of the exterior, such asinstalling strapping channels or removing a decorativecornice; or damages interior features or spaces.

Replacing a structural member or other feature of thestructural system when it could be augmented and retained.

B.21

APPENDIX B

Recommended

Replacing in kind - or with substitute material - thoseportions or features of the structural system that are eithersurviving prototypes such as cast iron columns, roof raftersor trusses, or sections of loadbearing walls. Substitutematerial should convey the same form, design, andoverall-visual appearance as the historic feature; and, atminimum, be equal to its loadbearing capabilities.

Not Recommended

Installing a replacement feature that does not convey thesame visual appearance, e.g., replacing an exposed woodsummer beam with a steel beam.

Using substitute material that does not equal the loadbearing capabilities of the historic material and design or isotherwise physically or chemically incompatible.


Recommended


Limiting any new excavations adjacent to historicfoundations to avoid undermining the structuralstability of the building or adjacent historic buildings.

Correcting structural deficiencies in preparation for thenew use in a manner that preserves the structuralsystem and individual character-defining features.

Designing and installing new mechanical or electricalsystems when required for the new use which minimizethe number of cutouts or holes in structural members.

Adding a new floor when required for the new use ifsuch an alteration does not damage or destroy thestructural system or obscure, damage, or destroycharacter-defining spaces, features, or finishes.

Creating an atrium or a light well to provide natural lightwhen required for the new use in a manner that assuresthe preservation of the structural system as well ascharacter-defining interior spaces, features, andfinishes.

B.22

Not Recommended

Carrying out excavations or regrading adjacent to or within ahistoric building which could cause the historic foundation tosettle, shit, or fail; or could have a similar effect on adjacenthistoric buildings.

Radically changing interior spaces or damaging ordestroying features or finishes that are character-defining _while trying to correct structural deficiencies in preparation .,for the new use.

Installing new mechanical and electrical systems orequipment in a manner which results in numerous cuts,splices, or alterations to the structural members.

Inserting a new floor when such a radical change damagesa structural system or obscures or destroys interior spaces,features, or finishes.

Inserting new floors or furred-down ceilings, which cutacross the glazed areas of windows so that the exterior formand appearance of the windows are radically changed.

Damaging the structural system or individual features orradically changing, damaging, or destroyingcharacter-defining interior spaces, features, or finishes inorder to create an atrium or a light well.


APPENDIX B

Interior: Spaces, Features, and Finishes An interior floor plan, the arrangement of spaces, and built-in features andapplied finishes may be individually or collectively important in defining thehistoric character of the building. Thus, their identification, retention, protection,and repair should be given prime consideration in every rehabilitation projectand caution exercised in pursuing any plan that would radically changecharacter-defining spaces or obscure, damage or destroy interior features orfinishes.

Recommended Not Recommended

Interior Spaces

Identifying, retaining, and preserving a floor plan orinterior spaces that are important in defining the overallhistoric character of the building. This includes the size,configuration, proportion, and relationship of rooms andcorridors; the relationship of features to spaces; and thespaces themselves such as lobbies, reception halls,entrance halls, double parlors, theaters, auditoriums, andimportant industrial or commercial use spaces.

Interior Features and Finishes

Identifying, retaining, and preserving interior featuresand finishes that are important in defining the overall historiccharacter of the building, including columns, cornices,baseboards, fireplaces and mantles, paneling, light fixtures,hardware, and flooring; and wallpaper, plaster, paint, andfinishes such as stenciling, marbling, and graining; and otherdecorative materials that accent interior features andprovide color, texture, and patterning to walls, floors, andceilings.


Radically changing a floor plan or interior spaces includingindividual rooms - which are important in defining theoverall historic character of the building so that, as a result,the character is diminished.

Altering the floor plan by demolishing principal walls andpartitions to create a new appearance.

Altering or destroying interior spaces by inserting floors,cutting through floors, lowering ceilings, or adding orremoving walls.

Relocating an interior feature such as a staircase so that thehistoric relationship between features and spaces is altered.

Removing or radically changing features and finishes whichare important in defining the overall historic character of thebuilding so that, as a result, the character is diminished.

Installing new decorative material that obscures ordamages character-defining interior features or finishes.

Removing paint, plaster, or other finishes from historicallyfinished surfaces to create a new appearance (e.g.,removing plaster to expose masonry surfaces such as brickwalls or a chimney piece).

Applying paint, plaster, or other finishes to surfaces thathave been historically unfinished to create a newappearance.

Stripping historically painted wood surfaces to bare wood,then applying clear finishes or stains to create a "naturallook."

Stripping paint to bare wood rather than repairing orreapplying grained or marbled finishes to features such asdoors and paneling.

Radically changing the type of finish or its color, such aspainting a previously varnished wood feature.

B.23

APPENDIX B

Recommended

Protecting and maintaining masonry, wood, andarchitectural elements which comprise interior featuresthrough appropriate surface treatments such as cleaning,rust removal, limited paint removal, and reapplication ofprotective coatings systems.

Protecting interior features and finishes against arson andvandalism before project work beings, erecting protectivefencing, boarding-up windows, and installing fire alarmsystems that are keyed to local protection agencies.

Protecting interior features such as a staircase, mantel, ordecorative finishes and wall coverings against damageduring project work by covering them with heavy canvas orplastic sheets.

Installing protective coverings in areas of heavy pedestriantraffic to protect historic features such as wall coverings,parquet flooring and paneling.

Removing damaged or deteriorated paints and finishes tothe next sound layer using the gentlest method possible,then repainting or refinishing using compatible paint or othercoating systems.

Repainting with colors that are appropriate to the historicbuilding.

Limiting abrasive cleaning methods to certain industrial orwarehouse buildings where the interior masonry or plasterfeatures do not have distinguishing design, detailing,tooling, or finishes; and where wood features are notfinished, molded, beaded, or worked by hand. Abrasivecleaning should only be considered after other, gentlermethods have been proven ineffective.

Evaluating the overall condition of materials to determinewhether more than protection and maintenance arerequired, that is, if repairs to interior features and finishes willbe necessary.

Repairing interior features and finishes by reinforcing thehistoric materials. Repair will also generally include thelimited replacement in kind - or with compatible substitutematerial- of those extensively deteriorated or missing partsof repeated features when there are surviving prototypessuch as stairs, balustrades, wood paneling, columns; ordecorative wall coverings or ornamental tin or plasterceilings.

B.24

Not Recommended

Failing to provide adequate protection to materials on acyclical basis so that deterioration of interior featuresresults.

Permitting entry into historic buildings through unsecured orbroken windows and doors so that interior features andfinishes are damaged by exposure to weather or throughvandalism.

Stripping interiors of features such as woodwork, doors,windows, light fixtures, copper piping, radiators; or ofdecorative materials.

Failing to provide proper protection of interior features andfinishes during work so that they are gouged, scratched,dented, or otherwise damaged.

Failing to take new use patterns into consideration so thatinterior features and finishes are damaged.

Using destructive methods such as propane or butanetorches or sandblasting to remove paint or other coatings.These methods can irreversibly damage the historic _materials that comprise interior features. •

Using new paint colors that are inappropriate to the historicbuilding.

Changing the texture and patina of character-definingfeatures through sandblasting or use of other abrasivemethods to remove paint, discoloration or plaster. Thisincludes both exposed wood (including structural members)and masonry.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of interior features and finishes.

Replacing an entire interior feature such as a staircase,paneled wall, parquet floor, or cornice; or finish such as adecorative wall covering or ceiling when repair of materialsand limited replacement of such parts are appropriate.

Using a substitute material for the replacement part thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the survivingparts or portions of the interior feature or finish or that isphysically or chemically incompatible.


Recommended

Replacing in kind an entire interior feature or finish that is toodeteriorated to repair - if the overall form details are stillevident - using the physical evidence to guide the new work.Examples could include wainscoting, a tin ceiling, or interiorstairs. If using the same kind of material is not technically oreconomically feasible, then a compatible substitute materialmay be considered.

APPENDIX B

Not Recommended

Removing a character-defining feature or finish that isunrepairable and not replacing it; or replacing it with a newfeature or finish that does not convey the same visualappearance.

The following work is highlighted to indicate that itrepresents the particularly complex technical or designaspects of rehabilitation projects and should only beconsidered after the preservation concerns listed abovehave been addressed.



Designing and installing a new interior feature or finishif the historic feature or finish is completely missing.This could include missing partitions, stairs, elevators,lighting fixtures, and wall coverings; or even entirerooms if all historic spaces, features, and finishes aremissing or have been destroyed by inappropriate"renovations." The design may be a restoration basedon historical, pictorial, and physical documentation; orbe a new design that is compatible with the historiccharacter of the bUilding, district, or neighborhood.


Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced feature is based on insufficient physical, historical,and pictorial documentation or on information derived fromanother building.

Introducing a new interior feature or finish that isincompatible with the scale, design, materials, color, andtexture of the surviving interior features and finishes.

B.25

APPENDIX B

Recommended


Accommodating service functions such as bathrooms,mechanical equipment, and office machines required by thebUilding's new use in secondary spaces such as first floorservice areas or on upper floors.

Reusing decorative material or features that have had to beremoved during the rehabilitation work including wall andbaseboard trim, door molding, paneled doors, and simplewainscoting; and relocating such material or features inareas appropriate to their historic placement.

Installing permanent partitions in secondary spaces;removable partitions that do not destroy the sense of spaceshould be installed when the new use requires thesubdivision of character-defining interior spaces.

Enclosing an interior stairway where required by code sothat its character is retained. In many cases, glazedfire-rated walls may be used.

Placing new code-required stairways or elevators insecondary and service areas of the historic building.

Not Recommended

Dividing rooms, lowering ceilings, and damaging orobscuring character-defining features such as fireplaces,niches, stairways or alcoves, so that a new use can beaccommodated in the building.

Discarding historic material when it can be reused within therehabilitation project or relocating it in historicallyinappropriate areas.

Installing permanent partitions that damage or obscurecharacter-defining spaces, features, or finishes.

Enclosing an interior stairway with fire-rated construction sothat the stairwell space or any character-defining featuresare destroyed.

Radically changing, damaging, or destroyingcharacter-defining spaces, features, or finishes whenadding new code-required stairways and elevators.

Creating an atrium or a light well to provide natural lightwhen required for the new use in a manner that preservescharacter-defining interior spaces, features, and finishes aswell as the structural system.

Adding a new floor if required for the new use in a mannerthat preserves character~defining structural features, andinterior spaces, features, and finishes.

8.26

Destroying character-defining interior spaces, features, or efinishes; or damaging the structural system in order tocreate an atrium or light well.

Inserting a new floor within a building that alters or destroysthe fenestration; radically changes a character-defininginterior space; or obscures, damages, or destroysdecorative detailing.


Mechanical Systems:Heating, Air Conditioning,Electrical, and Plumbing

Recommended

APPENDIX B

The visible features of historic heating, lighting, air conditioning and plumbingsystems may sometimes help define the overall historic character of the buildingand should thus be retained and repaired, whenever possible. The systemsthemselves (the compressors, boilers, generators and their ductwork, wiringand pipes) will generally either need to be upgraded, augmented, or entirelyreplaced in order to accommodate the new use and to meet code requirements.Less frequently, individual portions of a system or an entire system aresignificant in the history of building technology; therefore, the identification ofcharacter-defining features or historically significant systems should take placetogether with an evaluation of their physical condition early in project planning.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving visible features ofearly mechanical systems that are important in defining theoverall historic character of the building, such as radiators,vents, fans, grilles, plumbing fixtures, switchplates, andlights.

Protecting and maintaining mechanical, plumbing, andelectrical systems and their features through cyclicalcleaning and other appropriate measures.

Preventing accelerated deterioration of mechanicalsystems by providing adequate ventilation of attics,crawlspaces, and cellars so that moisture problems areavoided.

Repairing mechanical systems by augmenting orupgrading system parts, such as installing new pipes andducts; rewiring; or adding new compressors or boilers.

Replacing in kind - or with compatible substitute materialthose visible features of mechanical systems that are eitherextensively deteriorated or are missing when there aresurviving prototypes such as ceiling fans, switchplates,radiators, grilles, or plumbing fixtures.


Removing or radically changing features of mechanicalsystems that are important in defining the overall historiccharacter of the building so that, as a result, the character isdiminished.

Failing to provide adequate protection of materials on acyclical basis so that deterioration of mechanical systemsand their visible features results.

Enclosing mechanical systems in areas that are notadequately ventilated so that deterioration of the systemsresults.

Replacing a mechanical system or its functional parts whenit could be upgraded and retained.

Installing a replacement feature that does not convey thesame visual appearance.

B.27

APPENDIX B

The following work is highlighted to indicate that it represents the particularly complex technical or design aspects -of rehabilitation projects and should only be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have been -addressed.

Recommended


Installing a completely new mechanical system ifrequired for the new use so that it causes the leastalteration possible to the bUilding's floor plan, theexterior elevations, and the least damage to historicbuilding material.

Installing the vertical runs of ducts, pipes, and cables inclosets, service rooms, and wall cavities.

Installing air conditioning units if required by the newuse in such a manner that the historic materials andfeatures are not damaged or obscured.

Installing heating/air conditioning units in the windowframes in such a manner that the sash and frames areprotected. Window installations should be consideredonly when all other viable heating/cooling systemswould result in significant damage to historic materials.

B.28

Not Recommended

Installing a new mechanical system so that characterdefining structural or interior features are radically changed,damaged or destroyed.

Installing vertical runs of ducts, pipes, and cables in placeswhere they will obscure character-defining features.

Concealing mechanical equipment in walls or ceilings in amanner that requires the removal of historic buildingmaterial.

Installing "dropped" acoustical ceilings to hide mechanicalequipment when this destroys the proportions ofcharacter-defining interior spaces.

Cutting through features such as masonry walls in order toinstall air conditioning units.

Radically changing the appearances of the historic buildingor damaging or destroying windows by installing heating/airconditioning units in historic window frames.


BUILDING SITE

Recommended

APPENDIX B

The relationship between a historic building or buildings and landscape featureswithin a property's boundaries - or the building site - help to define the historiccharacter and should be considered an integral part of overall planning forrehabilitation project work.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving buildings and theirfeatures as well as features of the site that are important indefining its overall historic character. Site features caninclude driveways, walkways, lighting, fencing, signs,benches, fountains, wells, terraces, canal systems, plantsand trees, berms, and drainage or irrigation ditches; andarchaeological features that are important in defining thehistory of the site.

Retaining the historic relationship between buildings,landscape features, and open space.

Protecting and maintaining bUildings and the site byproviding proper drainage to assure that water does noterode foundation walls; drain toward the building; nor erodethe historic landscape.

Minimizing disturbance of terrain around buildings orelsewhere on the site, thus reducing the possibility ofdestroying unknown archaeological materials.

Surveying areas where major terrain alteration is likely toimpact important archaeological sites.

Protecting, e.g., preserving in place known archaeologicalmaterial whenever possible.

Planning and carrying out any necessary investigationusing professional archaeologists and modernarchaeological methods when preservation in place is notfeasible.


Removing or radically changing buildings and their featuresor site features which are important in defining the overallhistoric character of the bUilding so that, as a result, thecharacter is diminished.

Removing or relocating historic buildings or landscapefeatures, thus destroying the historic relationship betweenbUildings, landscape features, and open space.

Removing or relocating historic buildings on a site or in acomplex of related historic structures - such as a millcomplex or farm - thus diminishing the historic character ofthe site or complex.

Moving buildings onto the site, thus creating a falsehistorical appearance.

Lowering the grade level adjacent to a building to permitdevelopment of a formerly below-grade area such as abasement in a manner that would drastically change thehistoric relationship of the building to its site.

Failing to maintain site drainage so that buildings and sitefeatures are damaged or destroyed; or, alternatively,changing the site grading sot that water no longer drainsproperly.

Introducing heavy machinery or equipment into areaswhere their presence may disturb archaeological materials.

Failing to survey the building site prior to the beginning ofrehabilitation project work so that, as a result, importantarchaeological material is destroyed.

Leaving known archaeological material unprotected andsunject to vandalism, looting, and destruction by naturalelements such as erosion.

Permitting unqualified project personnel to perform datarecovery so that improper methodology results in the loss ofimportant archaeological material.

B.29

APPENDIX B

Recommended

Protecting the building and other features of the site againstarson and vandalism before rehabilitation work begins, Le.,erecting protective fencing and installing alarm systems thatare keyed into local protection agencies.

Providing continued protection of masonry, wood, andarchitectural metals which comprise building and sitefeatures through appropriate surface treatments such ascleaning, rust removal, limited paint removal, andre-applicaiton of protective coating systems; and continuedprotection and maintenance of landscape features,including plant material.

Evaluating the overall condition of materials to determinewhether more than protection and maintenance arerequired, that is, if repairs to building and site features will benecessary.

Repairing features of buildings and the site by reinforcingthe historic materials. Repair will also generally includereplacement in kind - with a compatible substitute materialof those extensively deteriorated or missing parts of featureswhere there are surviving prototypes such as fencing andpaving.

Replacing in kind an entire feature of the building or site thatis too deteriorated to repair - if the overall form and detailingare still evident - using the physical evidence to guide thenew work. This could include an entrance or porch, walkway,or fountain. If using the same kind of material is nottechnically or economically feasible, then a compatiblesubstitute material may be considered.

B.30

Not Recommended

Permitting bUildings and site features to remain unprotectedso that plant materials, fencing, walkways; archaeologicalfeatures, etc., are damaged or destroyed.

Stripping features from buildings and the site such as woodsiding, iron fencing, masonry balustrades; or removing ordestroying landscape features, including plant material.

Failing to provide adequate protection of materials on acyclical basis so that deterioration of building and sitefeatures results.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of building and site features.

Replacing an entire feature of the bUilding or site such as afence, walkway, or driveway when repair of materials andlimited replacement of deteriorated or missing parts areappropriate.

Using a substitute material for the replacement part thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the survivingparts of the building or site feature or that is physically orchemically incompatible.

Removing a feature of the bUilding or site that isunrepairable and not replacing it; or replacing it with a newfeature that does not convey the same visual appearance.


APPENDIX B


Recommended


Designing and constructing a new feature of a buildingor site when the historic feature is completely missing,such as an outbuilding, terrace, or driveway. It may bebased on historical, pictorial, and physicaldocumentation; or be a new design that is compatiblewith the historic character of the building and site.


Designing new onsite parking, loading docks, or rampswhen required by the new use so that they are asunobtrusive as possible and assure the preservation ofcharacter-defining features of the site.

Designing new exterior additions to historic buildingsor adjacent new construction which is compatible withthe historic character of the site and which preserve thehistoric relationship between a bUilding or buildings,landscape features, and open space.

Removing nonsignificant bUildings, additions, or sitefeatures which detract from the historic character of thesite.


Not Recommended

Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced feature is based on insufficient historical, pictorial,and physical documentation.

Introducing a new building or site feature that is out of scaleor otherwise inappropriate.

Introducing a new landscape feature or plant material that isvisually incompatible with the site of that destroys sitepatterns or vistas.

Placing parking facilities directly adjacent to historicbuildings where automobiles may cause damage to thebuildings or landscape features or be intrusive to thebuilding site.

Introducing new construction onto the building site which isvisually incompatible in terms of size, scale, design,materials, color and texture or which destroys historicrelationships on the site.

Removing a historic building in a complex, a buildingfeature, or a site feature which is important is defining thehistoric character of the site.

B.31

APPENDIX B

DISTRICT/NEIGHBORHOOD

Recommended

The relationship between historic buildings and streetscape and landscapefeatures within a historic district or neighborhood helps to define the historiccharacter and therefore should always be a part of the rehabilitation plans.

Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving buildings andstreetscape and landscape features which are important indefining the overall historic character of the district orneighborhood. Such features can include streets, alleys,paving, walkways, street lights, signs, benches, parks andgardens, and trees.

Retaining the historic relationship between buildings andstreetscape and landscape features such as a town squarecomprised of row houses and stores surrounding acommunal park or open space.

Protecting and maintaining the historic masonry, wood,and architectural metals which comprise building andstreetscape features through appropriate surfacetreatments such as cleaning, rust removal, limited paintremoval, and reapplication of protective coating systems;and protecting and maintaining landscape features,including plant material.

Protecting buildings, paving, iron fencing, etc., againstarson and vandalism before rehabilitation. Work begins byerecting protective fencing and installing alarm systems thatare keyed into local protection agencies.

Evaluating the overall condition of building, streetscapeand landscape materials to determine whether more thanprotection and maintenance are required, that is, if repairs tofeatures will be necessary.

Repairing features of the building, streetscape, orlandscape by reinforcing the historic materials. Repair willalso generally include the replacement in kind - or with acompatible substitute material - of those extensivelydeteriorated or missing parts of features when there aresurviving prototypes such as porch balustrades, pavingmaterials, or streetlight standards.

B.32

Removing or radically changing those features of the districtor neighborhood which are important in defining the overallhistoric character so that, as a result, the character isdiminished.

Destroying streetscape and landscape features by wideningexisting streets, changing paving material, or introducinginappropriately located new street or parking lots.

Removing or relocating historic buildings or features of thestreetscape and landscape, thus destroying the historicrelationship between buildings, features and open space.

Failing to provide adequate protection of materials on acyclical basis so that deterioration of building, streetscape,and landscape features results.

Permitting buildings to remain unprotected so that windowsare broken and interior features are damaged.

Stripping features from buildings or the streetscape such aswood siding, iron fencing, or terra cotta balusters; orremoving or destroying landscape features, including plantmaterial.

Failing to undertake adequate measures to assure thepreservation of building, streetscape, and landscapefeatures.

Replacing an entire feature of the building, streetscape, orlandscape such as a porch, walkway, or streetlight whenrepair of materials and limited replacement of deterioratedor missing parts are appropriate.

Using a substitute material for the replacement part thatdoes not convey the visual appearance of the survivingparts of the building, streetscape, or feature or that isphysically or chemically incompatible.


Recommended

Replacing in kind an entire feature of the building,streetscape, or landscape that is too deteriorated to repairwhen the overall form and detailing are still evident - usingthe physical evidence to guide the new work. This couldinclude a storefront, a walkway, or a garden. If using thesame kind of material is not technically or economicallyfeasible, then a compatible substitute material may beconsidered.

APPENDIX B

Not Recommended

Removing a feature of the building, streetscape, orlandscape that is unrepairable and not replacing it; orreplacing it with a new feature that does not convey thesame visual appearance.

The following work is highlighted because it represents the particularly complex technical or design aspects ofrehabilitation projects and should only be considered after the preservation concerns listed above have beenaddressed.

Recommended


Designing and constructing a new feature of the building,streetscape, or landscape when the historic feature iscompletely missing, such as row house steps, a porch,streetlight or terrace. It may be a restoration based onhistorical, pictorial, and physical documentation; or be a newdesign that is compatible with the historic character of thedistrict or neighborhood.


Designing required new parking so that it is as unobtrusiveas possible, Le., on side streets or at the rear of buildings."Shared" parking should also be planned so that severalbusinesses can utilize one parking area as opposed tointroducing random, multiple lots.

Designing and constructing new additions to historicbuildings when required by the new use. New work shouldbe compatible with the historic character of the district orneighborhood in terms of size, scale, design, material, color,and texture.

Removing nonsignificant buildings, additions, orstreetscape and landscape features which detract from thehistoric character of the district or the neighborhood.

Not Recommended

Creating a false historical appearance because thereplaced feature is based on insufficient historical, pictorialand physical documentation.

Introducing a new building, streetscape or landscapefeature that is out of scale or otherwise inappropriate to thesetting's historic character, e.g., replacing picket fencingwith link fencing.

Placing parking facilities directly adjacent to historicbuildings which cause the removal of historic plantings,relocation of paths and walkways, or blocking of alleys.

Introducing new construction into historic districts that isvisually incompatible or that destroys historic relationshipswithin the district or neighborhood.

Removing a historic building feature or landscape orstreetscape feature that is important in defining the overallhistoric character of the district or the neighborhood.

Although the work in these sections is quite often an important aspect of rehabilitation projects, it is usually not part of theoverall process of preserving character-defining features (maintenance, repair, replacement); rather, such work is assessedfor its potential negative impact on the building's historic character. For this reason, particular care must be taken not toobscure, radically change, damage, or destroy character-defining features in the process of rehabilitation work to meet newuse requirements.


APPENDIX B

HEALTH AND SAFETYCODE REQUIREMENTS

Recommended

As a part of the new use, it is often necessary to make modifications to a historic -building so that it can comply with current health, safety, and code requirements. •Such work needs to be carefully planned and undertaken so that it does notresult in a loss of character defining spaces, features, and finishes.

Not Recommended

Identifying the historic building's character-definingspaces, features, and finishes so that code-required workwill not result in their damage or loss.

Complying with health and safety codes, including seismiccodes and barrier-free access requirements, in such amanner that character-defining spaces, features, andfinishes are preserved.

Working with local code officials to investigate alternativelife safety measures or variances available under somecodes so that additions to historic buildings can be avoided.

Providing barrier-free access through removable orportable, rather than permanent, ramps.

Providing seismic reinforcement to a historic building in amanner that avoids damaging the structural system andcharacter-defining features.

Upgrading historic stairways and elevators to meet healthand safety codes in a manner that assures theirpreservation, i.e., that they are not damaged or obscured.

Installing sensitively designed fire suppression systems,such as a sprinkler system for wood frame mill buildings,instead of applying fire-resistant sheathing tocharacter-defining features.

Applying fire-retardant coatings, such as intumescentpaints, which expand during fire to add thermal protection tosteel.

Adding a new stairway or elevator to meet health and safetycodes in a manner that preserves adjacentcharacter-defining features and spaces.

Placing a code-required stairway or elevator that cannot beaccommodated within the historic building in a new exterioraddition. Such an addition should be located at the rear ofthe building or on an inconspicuous side; and its size andscale limited in relationship to the historic building.

B.34

Undertaking code-required alterations to a building or sitebefore identifying those spaces, features, or finishes whichare character-defining and must therefore be preserved.

Altering, damaging, or destroying character-definingspaces, features, and finishes while making modifications toa building or site to comply with safety codes.

Making changes to historic buildings without first seekingalternatives to code requirements.

Installing permanent ramps that damage or diminishcharacter-defining features.

Reinforcing a historic bUilding using measures that damageor destroy character-defining structural and other features.

Damaging or obscuring historic stairways and elevators or ealtering adjacent spaces in the process of doing work tomeet code requirements.

Covering character-defining wood features with fireresistant sheathing which results in altering their visualappearance.

Using fire-retardant coatings if they damage or obscurecharacter-defining features.

Radically changing, damaging, or destroying characterdefining spaces, features, or finishes when adding a newcode-required stairway or elevator.

Constructing a new addition to accommodate code requiredstairs and elevators on character-defining elevations highlyvisible from the street; or where it obscures, damages, ordestroys character-defining features.


ENERGY RETROFITTING

Recommended

District/Neighborhood

APPENDIX B

Some character-defining features of a historic building or site such as cupolas,shutters, transoms, skylights, sun rooms, porches, and plantings also play asecondary energy conserving role. Therefore, prior to retrofitting historicbuildings to make them more energy efficient, the first step should always be toidentify and evaluate the existing historic features to assess their inherentenergy conserving potential. If it is determined that retrofitting measures arenecessary, then such work needs to be carried out with particular care to insurethat the building's historic character is preserved in the process of rehabilitation.

Not Recommended

Maintaining those existing landscape features whichmoderate the effects of the climate on the setting such asdeciduous trees, evergreen wind-blocks, and lakes orponds.

Building Site

Retaining plant materials, trees, and landscape features,especially those which perform passive solar energyfunctions such as sun shading and wind breaks.

Installing freestanding solar collectors in a manner thatpreserves the historic property's character-definingfeatures.

Designing attached solar collectors, including solargreenhouses, so that the character-defining features of theproperty are preserved.

MasonrylWood/Architectural Metals

Installing thermal insulation in attics and in unheated cellarsand crawlspaces to increase the efficiency of the existingmechanical systems.

Installing insulating material on the inside of masonry wallsto increase energy efficiency where there is nocharacter-defining interior molding around the window orother interior architectural detailing.

Installing passive solar devices such as a glazed "trombe"wall on a rear or inconspicuous side of the historic building.

Roofs

Placing solar collectors on non-character-defining roofs orroofs of non-historic adjacent buildings.


Stripping the setting of landscape features and landforms sothat the effects of the wind, rain, and the sun result inaccelerated deterioration of historic materials.

Removing plant materials, trees, and landscape features,so that they no longer perform passive solar energyfunctions.

Installing freestanding solar collectors that obscure,damage, or destroy historic landscape or archaeologicalfeatures.

Locating solar collectors where they radically change theproperty's appearance; or damage or destroy characterdefining features.

Applying urea formaldehyde foam or any other thermalinsulation with a water content into wall cavities in anattempt to reduce energy consumption.

Resurfacing historic building materials with more energyefficient but incompatible materials, such as coveringhistoric masonry with exterior insulation.

Installing passive solar devices such as an attached glazed"trombe" wall on primary or other highly visible elevations; orwhere historic material must be removed or obscured.

Placing solar collectors on roofs when such collectorschange the historic roofline or obscure the relationship ofthe roof to character-defining roof features such as dormers,skylights, and chimneys.

B.35

APPENDIXB

Recommended

Windows

Utilizing the inherent energy conserving features of abuilding by maintaining windows and louvered blinds in goodoperable condition for natural ventilation.

Improving thermal efficiency with weatherstripping, stormwindows, caulking, interior shades, and, if historicallyappropriate, blinds and awnings.

Installing interior storm windows with airtight gaskets,ventilating holes, and/or removable clips to insure propermaintenance and to avoid condensation damage to historicwindows.

Installing exterior storm windows which do not damage orobscure the windows and frames.

Considering the use of lightly tinted glazing onnon-character-defining elevations if other energy retrofittingalternatives are not possible.

Entrances and Porches

Utilizing the inherent energy conserving features of abUilding by maintaining porches and double vestibuleentrances in good condition so that they can retain heat orblock the sun and provide natural ventilation.

Interior Features

Retaining historic interior shutters and transoms for theirenherent energy conserving features.

New Additions to Historic Buildings

Placing new additions that have an energy conservingfunction such as a solar greenhouse onnon-character-defining elevations.

Mechanical Systems

Installing thermal insulation in attics and in unheatedcellars and crawlspaces to conserve energy.

B.36

Not Recommended

Removing historic shading devices rather than keepingthem in an operable condition.

Replacing historic multi-paned sash with new thermal sashutilizing false muntins.

Installing interior storm windows that allow moisture toaccummulate and damage the window.

Installing new exterior storm windows which areinappropriate in size or color or which are inoperable.

Replacing windows or transoms with fixed thermal glazingor permitting windows and transoms to remain inoperablerather than utilizing them for their energy conservingpotential.

Using tinted or reflective glazing on character-defining orother conspicuous elevations.

Enclosing porches located on character-defining elevationsto create passive solar collectors or airlock vestibules. Suchenclosures can destroy the historic appearance of thebuilding.

Removing historic interior features which playa secondaryenergy conserving role.

Installing new additions such as multistory solar greenhouse additions which obscure, damage, or destroycharacter defining features.

Apply urea formaldehyde foam or any other thermalinsulation with a water content or that may collect moistureinto wall cavities.


NEW ADDITIONS TOHISTORIC BUILDINGS

Recommended

APPENDIX B

An attached exterior addition to a historic building expands its "outer limits" tocreate a new profile. Because such expansion has the capability to radicallychange the historic appearance, an exterior addition should be considered onlyafter it has been determined that the new use cannot be successfully met byaltering non-character-defining interior spaces. If the new use cannot be met inthis way, then an attached exterior addition is usually an acceptable alternative.New additions should be designed and constructed so that thecharacter-defining features of the historic building are not radically changed,obscured, damaged, or destroyed in the process of rehabilitation. New designshould always be clearly differentiated so that the addition does not appear to bepart of the historic resources.

Not Recommended

Placing functions and services required for the new use innon-character-defining interior spaces rather than installinga new addition.

Constructing a new addition so that there is the leastpossible loss of historic materials and so thatcharacter-defining features are not obscured, damaged, ordestroyed.

Locating the attached exterior addition at the rear or on aninconspicuous side of a historic building; and limiting its sizeand scale in relationship to the historic building.

Designing new additions in a manner that makes clear whatis historic and what is new.

Considering the attached exterior addition both in terms ofthe new use and the appearance of other buildings in thehistoric district or neighborhood. Design for the new workmay be contemporary or may reference design motifs fromthe historic building. In either case, it should always beclearly differentiated from the historic building and becompatible in terms of mass, materials, relationship of solidsto voids, and color.

Placing new additions such as balconies and greenhousesin non-character-defining elevations and limiting the sizescale in relationship to the historic building.

Designing additional stories, when required for the newuse, that are set back from the wall plane and are asinconspicuous as possible when viewed from the street.


Expanding the size of the historic building by constructing anew addition when the new use could be met by alteringnon-character-defining interior spaces.

Attaching a new addition so that the character-definingfeatures of the historic building are obscured, damaged, ordestroyed.

Designing a new addition so that its size and scale in relationto the historic building are out of proportion, thus diminishingthe historic character.

Duplicating the exact form, material, style, and detailing ofthe historic building in the new addition so that the new workappears to be part of the historic building.

Imitating a historic style or period of architecture in newadditions, especially for contemporary uses such as drive-inbanks or garages.

Designing and constructing new additions that result in thediminution or loss of the historic character of the resource,including its design, materials, workmanship, location, orsetting.

Using the same wall plane, roof line, cornice height,materials, siding lap, or window type to make additionsappear to be a part of the historic bUilding.

Designing new additions such as multistory greenhouseadditions that obscure, damage, or destroycharacter-defining features of the historic building.

Constructing additional stories so that the historicappearance of the building is radically changed.

B.37

B.38 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

APPENDIX C

REFER TO NFPA 914 CODEFOR FIRE PROTECTION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES

2001 EDITION

APPENDIX C - SURVEY CRITERIA FORA HISTORIC STRUCTURE

AND

APPENDIX I - GUIDELINE ON FIRE RATINGS OFARCHAIC MATERIALS AND ASSEMBLIES

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING C.1

C.2 2007 fLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

APPENDIX D

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

2001 Florida Building Code 2004 Florida Building Code

Type I Type I-A

Type II Type I-B

Type III Type IV

Type IV I-hour Protected Type II-A

Type IV Unprotected Type II-B

Type V I-hour Protected Type III-A

Type V Unprotected Type III-B

Type VI I-hour Protected Type V-A

Type VI Unprotected Type V-B


D.2 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

RESOURCE A

GUIDELINES ON FIRE RATINGS OFARCHAIC MATERIALS AND ASSEMBLIES

RESERVED

2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING RESOURCE A.1

II

RESOURCE A.2 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

INDEX

AACCESSIBILITY 107.2, 505, 605, 308

701.1, 706, 801.2, 806, 906, 912.8,1001.2,1005,1104.1,1105.15,1301.2.5,

1408, Appendix 8ADDITIONS 101.2, 101.3, 104.2,

105.2.2, 106.1 .2, 115.5, 202, 308.5, 407,Chapter 10, 1301.1,

1301.2.3, 1401.3ADMINISTRATION Chapter 1ALTERATIONS 101.2,101.3,101.8,

104.2, 105.1.1, 105.1.2, 108.2, 115.5,202, 302, 308.6, 308.7, 308.8,

Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, 807.5,907.3.1,1001.3, 1104,

1301.2, 1301.2.4, 1401.3Level 1 104.2.1, 202, 403, 404.2,

405.2, Chapter 6, 701.2Level 2 106.1.2, 202, 404, Chapter 7Level 3 106.1.2,202,405, Chapter 8,907.3.1

ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS, DESIGN,AND METHODS OFCONSTRUCTION 104.11, 104.11.1

APPEALS 116.6APPLICABILITY 102, 104.2.1, 1301.2ARCHITECT (see REGISTERED DESIGN

PROFESSIONAL)AREA (see BUILDING)

BBOARD OF APPEALS 104.8, 112BUILDING

Area 912.5, Table 912.5,912.5.1, 912.5.2, 1002, 1105.2,

1301.2.3,1301.6.2, Table 1307.1Dangerous 202, 1102.2Existing 202, 706.2,

902.1, 908, 912, 1002, 1003, 1301.2.3Height 912.5, Table 912.5,

912.5.1, 912.5.2, 1002, 1301.2.3,1301.6.1, Table 1307.1

Historic 202, 306.1, 308.9, 408, 501.1,601.1, Chapter 11,8101.1,

8101.2,8101.3,8101.4Relocated ..... 101.2,120.1,307.1,409,1102.3,

1202.2,1202.2.1,1202.7Underground 902.2Unsafe 115, 202

BUILDING ELEMENTSAND MATERIALS 502, 602, 803, 903


C

CARPET 105.2, 602.2CEILING 701.3, 703.2.1, 703.4

708.1, 912.3.1, 1103.5, 1301.6.3.2CERTIFICATE OF

OCCUPANCY 110, 305.2, 901.4CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY 101.2, 101.3, 104.2,

106.2, 115.5, 202, 305, 308.4, 406, 807.5.1,Chapter 9, 1101.1, 1101.2, 1101.4,

1105, 1201.2, 1301.1, 1301.2.2CODE OFFICIAL Chapter 1, 104, 202,

705.2, 807.5.1, 907.3.1, 1101.2,1101.3,1103,1105,1202.7, 1301.3

COMPARTMENTATION 703.3.1, 1301.6.3,Table 1301.6.3, Table 1301.7

COMPLIANCE METHODS 101.5, 301.1.1,401.1.1,1301.1.1

Prescriptive compliance method 101.5.1,Chapter 3

Work area compliance method 101.5.2Classification of work Chapter 4Repairs Chapter 5Alteration Level 1 Chapter 6Alteration Level 2 Chapter 7Alteration Level 3 Chapter 8Change of occupancy Chapter 9Additions Chapter 10Historic buildings Chapter 11Relocated buildings Chapter 12Performance compliance method 101.5.3,

Chapter 13CONFLICT 102.1, 113.1CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 104.2, 105.3,

105.4, 106, 113.4, 401.2CONSTRUCTION

SAFEGUARDS 101.6, Chapter 14CORRIDOR

Dead-end 701.3, 705.6, 912.4.1Doors 705.5.1, 912.4.1Openings 705.5.3, 705.5.4, 912.4.1

oDEFINITIONS 202DEMOLITION 101.6, 104.2, 106.2, 108.5,

113.2,117,1401.5, 1401.6,1402.1, 1403.1, 1404.1

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SAFETY 103,104.10,105.3,109.3.7,110.2

INDEX 1.1

INDEX

E

EGRESS (see MEANS OF EGRESS)

ELECTRICAL 105.2, 302.6, 305.6, 507, 708, 908

ELEVATOR 308.8.2, 605.1.2, 802.1.2, 1301.6.14,Table 1301.6.14, Table 1301.7

EMERGENCY POWER 705.4.5, 1301.6.15.1

ENERGY 302.5, 305.5, 607, 711, 808

ENGINEER (see REGISTERED DESIGNPROFESSONAL)

EXISTING (see BUILDING)

EXIT 703.2.1, 703.4, 705.3,705.8, Table 912.4, 912.4.1, 1002.2,

1103, 1105, 1301.6.11, 1301.6.13

F

FIRE ESCAPES .. 303.1, 303.2, 303.3, 303.4, 303.5

FIRE PROTECTION ..... 106.1.1 .1, 503, 603, 704,904,1002.3,1401.1,1406.4

FIRE RATINGS Resource A

FIRE SAFETY 101.8, 104.10,107.2,1001.2,1103,

1301 .5, 1301.6, Table 1301.7,Table 1301.8, Table 1301.9

FLAME SPREAD 603.1

FLOOD HAZARD AREA 109.3.3, 202, 302.2.1,306.2, 501.4, 507.2.5, 601.3, 1001.1, 1003.5,

1101.4, 1202.6, 1301.3.3

FUEL GAS 105.2,302.7,305.7,602.3.1

G

GLASS 304, 502.2, 705.5.1, 705.5.2,1105.8, 1301.6.10.1

GUARDS 703.5, 705.10, 912.4.5,1103.9,1103.10

H

HANDRAILS 705.9,912.4.4, 1103.9

HAZARD CATEGORIES 907.3.1, 912.4,

Table 912.4, 912.5, Table 912.5, 912.6,Table 912.6

HEIGHT (see BUILDING)

HIGH-RISE BUILDING 704.2.1, 802.1,804.1.1,1301.6.15

INSPECTION 104.4, 104.6, 104.7, 105.2,106.1,106.3.1,106.6.1,109,1202.7

INDEX 1.2

LLIVE LOAD .... 202, 302.2.1, 302.2.2, 705.3.1.2.2,

1105.13, 1106.1, 1401.6.1,1401.6.5

LOAD-BEARING ELEMENT 105.2.2, 202

MMAINTENANCE 101.8, 105.2, 308.2, 1401.6.6MEANS OF EGRESS 106.1 .2, 504, 604, 705,

805, 905, 912.4,1101 .3,1103.3, 1105.6, 1301.5, 1301.6.11,

Table 1301.6.11, 1301.6.15, Table 1301 .6.15,Table 1301.7, Table 1301.8

MECHANICAL 105.2, 302.8, 305.8,508, 602.3, 709, 802.2, 802.2.1, 909

MOVED BUILDINGS (see BUILDING,RELOCATED)

oOCCUPANCY GROUP Chapter 9OPENINGS 106.1 .3, 116.2, 703.2, 705.3.1.1,

705.3.1.2, 705.4.3, 705.5, 705.5.3,705.5.4, 803.1, 912.4.1, 1002.2, 1102.3,

1103.3, 1105.3, 1105.6, 1301.6.6,Table 1301.6.6(1), 1301.6.10.1, Table 1301.7

PPERMITS 104.2, 105, 106.1, 106.2,

106.3, 107.1, 107.4, 108.1, 108.2,108.3, 108.4, 108.5, 109.1, 109.2,

109.3.9, 109.5, 606.2.2PLUMBING 105.2, 302.9, 305.9, 509,

602.3, 710, 910PRIMARY FUNCTION 202,308.7,

605.2

RRAMPS 308.8.5, 605.1.4REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . . . . Chapter 15REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL ... 106.1REHABILITATION 101.7,202,

704.4.3REPAIR 105.2, 105.2.1, 105.2.2, 116.4,

116.5, 202, 402, Chapter 5,1102, 1202.7, 1301.2.4, 1401.3, 1401.6.6

SSAFEGUARDS DURING CONSTRUCTION (see

CONSTRUCTION SAFEGUARDS)SAFETY PARAMETERS 1301.5.3, 1301.6,

Table 1301.7


SEISMIC FORCESIBe level 507.1.1.2Reduced 507.1.1.3

SEISMIC LOADS 202, 302.2.4, 302.2.3,807.5.1, 907.3, 912.6.1,1202.4

SEISMIC RETROFIT Appendix ASHAFT ENCLOSURES 912.7,1301.6.6SMOKE ALARMS 704.4.3, 1004SNOW LOAD 707.4.3,907.2,

1003.4, 1202.5SPECIAL USE AND OCCUPANCY .. 702, 802, 902,

908.1, 1101.3SPRINKLER SYSTEM 703.2.1, 704.2, 804.1,

1301.6.17, Table 1301.6.17,1407STAIRWAY 302.4, 305.3, 308.8.4,

703.2.1, 703.2.2, 703.2.3,705.9.1, 708.3.5, 803.1, 912.4,

912.4.1, 912.4.2, 912.4.3,912.4.4, 1103.3, 1103.6, 1103.9,

1105.6, 1105.11, 1105.13, 1405.1STANDPIPE SYSTEMS.... 704.3, Table 1301.6.18,

1301 .6.1 8.1, 1406.1STRUCTURAL 102.4.1, 104.10, 115.1,

302.2, 302.6.6, 305.4, 506,606,707,807,907,1003,1106

STRUCTURAL ALTERATION - LIMITED .. 807.5.3SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE .... 202, 506.2.2, 506.2.3SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT ..... 109.3.3, 202,

601.3, 1003.5,1101.4, 1301.3.3

SUBSTANTIAL STRUCTURALALTERATION 807.5.2

SUBSTANTIAL STRUCTURAL DAMAGE 202,506.2.2, 506.2.3

TTECHNICALLY INFEASIBLE 202, 605.1,

605.1.6, 605.1.9, 605.1.10,912.8, 1104.1, 1105.15

TEMPORARY STRUCTURE 107

TESTING 104.11.1, 106.1,1301.6.10.1,1407.1

TRUSSES 302.2.5

UUNSAFE 115, 202, 908.2, 1106.2UTILITIES 111, 708.3.6, 1403.3


INDEX

VVERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION 703.2,

803.1,912.7.3,912.7.4,1301.6.6,

Table 1301.6.6(1), Table 1301.7VIOLATIONS 101.8, 113

WWIND LOAD 807.5.1, 907.2, 1202.3

INDEX 1.3

INDEX 1.4 2007 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE-EXISTING BUILDING

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ICC has partnered with ASTM, AWPA, NSF, and UL to provide many collections of safety standards referenced in theInternational Codes"'. These collections narrow in on the specific standards needed to apply the International Codes"',offering valuable savings and convenience.

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#9042S06 $170 $136 UL STANDARDS: AS REFERENCED IN THE 2006 IBC®

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