2007 Kentucky River Watershed 2007 Kentucky River Watershed Watch ResultsWatch Results

What and when?What and when? HerbicidesHerbicides in the Springin the Spring

23 samples in May+ 30 nutrient samples in Eastern Kentucky

PathogensPathogens in the Summerin the Summer 161 Synoptic samples in late June 109 Follow-Up samples in Late July

Chemicals & NutrientsChemicals & Nutrients in the Fallin the Fall 177 samples in September

MetalsMetals in the Fallin the Fall 69 samples in September

Where?Where?223 sites throughout Kentucky River Basin223 sites throughout Kentucky River Basin

3% Lower Kentucky River Basin 5% Eagle Creek20% Elkhorn Creek Watershed34% Palisades8% Dix River Watershed 2% Middle Kentucky / Red River Basins0% South Fork Kentucky River Basin1% Middle Fork Kentucky River Basin26% North Fork Kentucky River Basin

2006 KRWW Sampling Sites

2006 KRWW Sampling Sites

2006 KRWW Sampling Sites

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2007 KRWW Sampling Sites (223 total)

HERBICIDESHERBICIDES

HERBICIDESHERBICIDESWhy monitored?Why monitored?

Potentially harmful to aquatic life and humans through drinking water

Where are they coming from?Where are they coming from? Runoff from agricultural and residential application

How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?How can we minimize their presence in our waterways? Apply only as absolutely necessary, follow application

instructions. Maintain vegetation around and along waterbodies. Use recommended agricultural erosion control practices. Properly dispose of herbicide containers (collection

programs) Do not dump leftover herbicide on ground, down sink, or

down stormwater drains.

2006 Herbicide Parameters2006 Herbicide ParametersSampled for 2 herbicides in Spring 2006Sampled for 2 herbicides in Spring 2006

most likely time of year for herbicide application

TriazinesTriazines highly persistent in soil EPA standard of 3.0 micrograms /L for drinking

water 350 micrograms/L for acute aquatic life criteria 12 micrograms/L for chronic aquatic life criteria

Metolachlor Metolachlor highly persistent in water unregulated by EPA

Herbicide ResultsHerbicide Results

TriazinesTriazines NOT detected NOT detected

MetolachlorMetolachlor found at 5 sites, the greatest being: found at 5 sites, the greatest being:

K558 (Mock’s Creek) – 0.08 micrograms/literK558 (Mock’s Creek) – 0.08 micrograms/liter (laboratory MCL was 0.08 ug/L for Metolachlor)(laboratory MCL was 0.08 ug/L for Metolachlor)

K501 – Eagle Creek

2006 Herbicide Detections

Herbicides detected

Herbicide sampling site

#

#

##

##

#

###

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#

##

#

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚÊÚ

#

Cane Run Creek

#

UT to South Elkhorn

#

Herrington Lake #

Mock's Creek

#

Rocky Fork

2007 Herbicide Sampling Results

PATHOGENSPATHOGENS

FECAL COLIFORM / E. COLIFECAL COLIFORM / E. COLIWhy monitored?Why monitored?

Can indicate presence of other pathogens that may cause illness or infections in people.

Where are they coming from?Where are they coming from? Failing septic systems, straightpipes, leaking sewage lines Inadequately treated discharge from municipal sewage

plants Livestock (runoff from pasture or direct access to

waterbody)

How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?How can we minimize their presence in our waterways? Properly maintain septic systems Increase access to sewer systems Install fencing to keep livestock out of waterways Maintain vegetated buffers around waterbodies

Pathogen ParametersPathogen ParametersFecal ColiformFecal Coliform

Swimming Standard of Swimming Standard of 400 cfu/100 ml400 cfu/100 ml (instantaneous)(instantaneous)

E. ColiE. Coli Swimming Standard of Swimming Standard of 240 cfu/100 ml240 cfu/100 ml

(instantaneous)(instantaneous)

Atypical/Typical Coliform RatioAtypical/Typical Coliform Ratio Ratio between 0 and 2 Ratio between 0 and 2 raw, human sewage raw, human sewage Ratio between 2 and 4 Ratio between 2 and 4 fresh, human/ag fresh, human/ag Ratio between 5 and 10 Ratio between 5 and 10 indirect, ag indirect, ag Ratio between 10 and 20 Ratio between 10 and 20 indirect, urban indirect, urban Ratio greater than 20 Ratio greater than 20 aged, human/ag aged, human/ag

Synoptic Pathogen Results (E. coli)Synoptic Pathogen Results (E. coli)64% > Swimming Standard64% > Swimming Standard

2007 Synoptic E coli Results - 10 Greatest Readings

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

Pen

itent

iary

Bra

nch

Car

dina

lR

un

Unn

amed

Trib

.

Unn

amed

Trib

.

Trib

. To

Wes

t

Can

e R

un

Spr

ing

Sta

tion

Mud

dyC

reek

McK

eckn

ieC

reek

UT

S.

Elk

horn

Mud

dyC

reek

Wol

f Run

Unn

amed

Pon

d

K297 K462 K264 K291 K418 K556 K057 K246 K309 K033 K247 K464 K564

Synoptic Pathogen Results (Fecal coliform)Synoptic Pathogen Results (Fecal coliform)52%52% > Swimming Std.> Swimming Std.

2007 Synoptic Fecal Coliform Results - Greatest Readings

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

Trou

bles

ome

Cr

Trou

bles

ome

Cr L

eft F

ork

Big

Cow

an

Nor

th F

ork

Ken

tuck

yR

iver

Bla

ir B

ranc

h

Big

Cow

an

Trou

bles

ome

Cr

Littl

e D

ryFo

rk

Lost

Cr

San

dlic

kC

reek

Kin

gdom

Com

e C

r

K289 K288 K448 K082 K116 K534 K216 K481 K215 K017 K445

2006 Synoptic Pathogen Sampling Results > 5,000 cfu/100 ml

ÊÚ

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ÊÚÊÚÊÚ

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ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚÊÚ

#

Hale Branch

#

Troublesome Creek

#

Cane Run

#

Cardinal Run

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UT of West Hickman

#

unnamed trib

#

McKecknie Creek

#Penitentiary Branc#

Spring Stn, Woodfo

#

Muddy Creek Tribut

Synoptic Pathogen Sampling Sites > 5,000 cfu/100 ml

Follow-Up Pathogen Results (E. coli)Follow-Up Pathogen Results (E. coli)83% > Swimming Standard83% > Swimming Standard

2007 Follow-Up E coli Results - 10 Greatest Readings

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

Gle

nn's

Cre

ekM

uddy

Cre

ekM

uddy

Cre

ek

Wol

f Run

Vau

ghn'

sB

ranc

hG

lenn

'sC

reek

Wol

f Run

Otte

rC

reek

Vin

eyN

orth

Mud

dyC

reek

Unn

amed

trib

Elk

horn

Cre

ek

K085 K187 K250 K468 K472 K126 K184 K191 K242 K251 K264 K529

Follow-Up Pathogen Results (Fecal coliform)Follow-Up Pathogen Results (Fecal coliform) 96% > Swimming Std.96% > Swimming Std.

2007 Follow-Up Fecal Coliform Results - 10 Greatest Readings

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

10000

LOS

T C

R

BLA

IR B

R

TRO

UB

LES

OM

EC

R

BLA

IR B

R

BIG

CO

WA

N

BIG

CO

WA

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TRO

UB

LES

OM

E-L

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MA

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CO

LLE

Y C

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SA

ND

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K C

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MID

DLE

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-KY

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K215 K116 K216 K569 K534 K448 K288 K135 K114 K17 K573

ÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚ

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#

Elkhorn Creek

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Glenn's Creek#

Black Spring

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Brushy Creek #

Clarks Run

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Town BranchWolf RunVaughns BranchUT to South Elkhorn

#

W Hickman Cr, Fayette

#

unnamed trib

#

Calloway Creek

#

Muddy Creek#

Otter Creek

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Lost Creek

#

Blair Br

2007 Follow-Up Pathogen Sampling Sites > 5,000 cfu/100 ml

Focused Pathogen SamplingFocused Pathogen Sampling Cane Run, Scott Co.Cane Run, Scott Co. (2 sites) (2 sites)

Glenn’s Creek, Woodford Co.Glenn’s Creek, Woodford Co. (4 sites) (4 sites)

White Oak Creek, Garrard Co.White Oak Creek, Garrard Co. (2 sites) (2 sites)

Herrington LakeHerrington Lake (6 sites) (6 sites)

North Fork Ky. River, Letcher Co.North Fork Ky. River, Letcher Co. (13 sites) (13 sites)

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2007 Focused Pathogen Sampling Sites

Cane Run

North Fork Kentucky River

Herrington Lake

Glenn’s Creek

White Oak Creek

Focused Pathogen ResultsFocused Pathogen ResultsCane RunCane Run – geometric mean for 2/2 sites > PCR std. – geometric mean for 2/2 sites > PCR std.

Glenn’s CreekGlenn’s Creek – 4/4 sites > std. – 4/4 sites > std.

White Oak CreekWhite Oak Creek – 1/2 sites > std. – 1/2 sites > std.

Herrington LakeHerrington Lake – 0/6 sites > std. – 0/6 sites > std.

North Fork Ky RiverNorth Fork Ky River – 11/13 sites > std. – 11/13 sites > std.

PCR = primary contact recreation (swimming/wading)PCR = primary contact recreation (swimming/wading)

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTSWhy monitored?Why monitored?

Lead to algal blooms, which consume oxygen as they decompose bad for aquatic life

Cause taste and odor problems in drinking water Can cause “Blue baby” disease (or methemoglobinemia)

Where are they coming from?Where are they coming from? agricultural and residential fertilizer application sewage and manure runoff

How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?How can we minimize their presence in our waterways? Only apply fertilizers as necessary Properly maintain septic systems Use recommended erosion control measures Keep livestock out of waterways, properly manage

manure Maintain vegetated buffers around waterbodies

Nutrient ParametersNutrient Parameters

Nitrate (NO3-N)Nitrate (NO3-N) Drinking Water Supply Std. = 10 mg/LDrinking Water Supply Std. = 10 mg/L

Total PhosphorusTotal Phosphorus Unofficial KRWW Aquatic Life Std. = 0.5 mg/LUnofficial KRWW Aquatic Life Std. = 0.5 mg/L

SulfateSulfate Drinking Water Supply Std. = 250 mg/LDrinking Water Supply Std. = 250 mg/L

Nitrate Results > 10 mg/LNitrate Results > 10 mg/LK085 / K126 – Glenn’s Creek (19.2 /13.4 mg/L)

K209 / K515– Tates Creek (15.5 / 11 mg/L)

K123 / K026 – S. Elkhorn Creek (14.6 / 14.2 mg/L)

K303 – Hickman Creek (13.7 mg/L)

K030 – Ten Mile Creek (11.4 mg/L)

K014 – Clark’s Run (11.1 mg/L)

2007 Nitrate Sampling Results - 10 Greatest Readings

0

5

10

15

20

25

Gle

nn's

Cr.

Tate

sC

r.

S.

Elk

horn

S.

Elk

horn

Hic

kman

Cr.

Gle

nn's

Cr.

Ten

Mile

Cr.

Cla

rk's

Run

Tate

sC

r.

Otte

r Cr.

K085 K209 K123 K026 K303 K126 K030 K014 K515 K191

2006 High Nitrate Site

K499 – Town Branch

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ ÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

#

Glenn's Creek

#

S Elkhorn, Scott

#

Hickman Creek#

S Fk Elkhorn

#

Tates Creek

#

Tates Creek

#

Glenns Cr

#

Clarks Run

#

Ten Mile Cr, Grant 2007 High Nitrate Sites

Phosphorus Results > 1 mg/LPhosphorus Results > 1 mg/LK209 / K515 / K530 – Tates Creek, Madison Co. (2.1 / 1.8 /

1.0 mg/L)

K085 – Glenn’s Creek, Woodford Co. (1.9 mg/L)

K120 – UT to Elkhorn Creek, Woodford County (1.7 mg/L)

K123 / K026 – S. Elkhorn Cr. (1.7 / 1.6 mg/L)

K191 – Otter Creek (1.6 mg/L)

K408 – Kentucky River (1.4 mg/L)

K030 – Ten Mile Creek (1.3 mg/L)

K529 – Elkhorn Creek (1.1 mg/L)

K556 – Cane Run (1.1 mg/L)

2007 Phosphorus Results - 10 Greatest Readings

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Tate

sC

r.

Gle

nn's

Cr.

Tate

sC

r.

Car

rFo

rk

S.

Elk

horn

S.

Elk

horn

Otte

r Cr.

Ken

tuck

yR

iver

Ten

Mile

Cr.

Elk

horn

Cr.

Can

eR

un

K209 K085 K515 K120 K123 K026 K191 K408 K030 K529 K556

2006 High Phosphorus Sites

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ#

Elkhorn Creek

#

Ten Mile Cr, Grant

#

Kentucky River

#

Otter Creek

#

Tates Creek

#

Carr Fork

#

S Fk Elkhorn

#

S Elkhorn, Scott

# Cane Run#

Glenn's Creek

2007 High Phosphate Sites

Sulfate Results Sulfate Results Ten Greatest Sulfate Results:K542 / K578 – Sandlick Creek, Letcher Co.

(1,990 / 1,850 mg/L)K216 – Troublesome Creek (1,610 mg/L)K536 – Long Branch (1,600 mg/L)K215 – Lost Creek (1,590 mg/L)K483 – Henry Ison Hollow (1,490 mg/L)K579 – Cane Hollow (1,490 mg/L)K535 – Sturgill Branch (1,370 mg/L)K447 – Cowan Creek (1,260 mg/L)K083 – Lotts Creek (1,220 mg/L)

2007 Sulfate Sampling Results - 10 Greatest Readings

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

San

dlic

k C

r.

San

dlic

k C

r.

Trou

bles

ome

Cr.

Long

Br.

Lost

Cr.

Hen

ry Is

onH

ollo

w

Can

e H

ollo

w

Stu

rgill

Br.

Cow

an C

r.

Lotts

Cr.

K542 K578 K216 K536 K215 K483 K579 K535 K447 K083

2006 High Sulfate Sites

ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚ

#

Lotts Cr, Perry

#

Lost Creek

#

Troublesome Creek

#

Cane Hollow

#

Little Dry Fork

#

Cowan CreekSturgill BranchLong Branch

#

Henry Ison Hollow

2007 High Sulfate Sites

HEAVY METALSHEAVY METALS

HEAVY METALSHEAVY METALSWhy monitored?Why monitored?

High levels can be toxic to aquatic life or humans through drinking water

Can interfere with industrial water uses

Where are they coming from?Where are they coming from? Mining Industrial discharges Stormwater runoff from roads and parking lots

How can we minimize their presence in our waterways?How can we minimize their presence in our waterways? Comply with discharge permit conditions Use erosion control measures at mining sites and other

construction sites Install retention ponds, vegetated filter strips around

parking lots and along roads (stormwater management practices)

Metal Parameters (30)Metal Parameters (30) Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gold Iron Lead Lithium

Magnesium Manganese Nickel Phosphorus Potassium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfur Thallium Tin Vanadium Zinc

* Strikethrough = no detections 20 of 30 remaining

Metal Parameters with Standards (13)Metal Parameters with Standards (13)

Antimony – no detections

* Barium * Nickel

* Beryllium Selenium – no detections

* Chromium Silver – no detections

* Copper Thallium – no detections

* Iron * Zinc

Lead – no detections

* Manganese

Metals with Standards AND Detections (8)Metals with Standards AND Detections (8)

MetalsWater Quality

Standard Greatest 2006 Result

Barium DWS < 1.0 mg/L

K135, K437, K480 = 0.15 mg/L Maces Cr., Little Cowan Cr, Cowan Cr.

Beryllium WAH < 0.053 mg/LK542 = 0.02 mg/L

Sandlick Creek

ChromiumWAH < 0.011 mg/L

DWS < 0.05 mg/LK536 = 0.15 mg/L

Long Branch

CopperWAH < 0.0012 mg/L

DWS < 1.3 mg/LK542 = 0.09 mg/L

Sandlick Creek

Iron WAH < 1.0 mg/LK481 = 12.3 mg/L

Little Dry Fork

2006 High Metals SitesMetalsWater Quality

Standard Greatest 2006 Result

Manganese DWS < 0.05 mg/LK542 = 13.2 mg/L

Sandlick Creek

Nickel WAH < 0.158 mg/LK542 = 0.88 mg/L

Sandlick Creek

Zinc WAH = 0.106 mg/LK542 = 2.19 mg/L

Sandlick Creek

ÊÚ ÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚ#

Maces Cr

#

Long Branch

#

Sandlick Creek

# Little Dry Fork#

Little Cowan Creek

2007 High Metals Sites

2007 Sites of Concern2007 Sites of ConcernOVERALL WATER QUALITY:

K085 - Glenn’s Creek, Woodford Co. (also in 2006)pathogens, nitrogen phosphorus

K191 – Otter Creek, Madison Co. (K338 in 2005 & 06)pathogens, nitrogen, phosphorus

NUTRIENTS:

K026 – South Elkhorn Creek, Scott Co.

K030 – Ten Mile Creek, Grant Co.

K209 / K515 – Tates Creek, Madison Co. 

2007 Sites of Concern (continued)2007 Sites of Concern (continued)PATHOGENS:

K116 – Blair Branch, Letcher Co.

K215 & K216 - Lost Creek, Breathitt Co. (also in 2005 & 06)also have high sulfate readings

K264 – Unnamed tributary, Madison Co.

K288 – Troublesome Creek, Knott Co.

K448 / K554 – Cowan Creek, Letcher Co.

METALS / SULFATE:

K447 – Cowan Creek, Letcher Co.

K536 – Long Branch, Letcher Co. (also in 2006) K542 / K578 – Sandlick Creek, Letcher Co. (also in 2006)

K579 – Cane Hollow, Letcher Co.

2007 Sites of Concern (continued)2007 Sites of Concern (continued)

2006 KRWW Sites of Concern

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚ

#

Ten Mile Cr, Grant

#

Glenn's Creek

#

S Elkhorn, Scott

#

Tates Creek

#

unnamed trib

#

Tates Creek

#

Otter Creek

#

Troublesome Creek

#

Lost Creek

#

Troublesome Creek

#

Cane Hollow#

Blair Br

#

Cowan CreekLong Branch

#

Long Branch (Sandlick Creek)

2007 Sites of Concern

Historically Troubled StreamsHistorically Troubled StreamsGlenn’s Creek, Woodford Co.Glenn’s Creek, Woodford Co.Long Branch, Letcher Co.Long Branch, Letcher Co.Lost Creek, Breathitt Co.Lost Creek, Breathitt Co.Otter Creek, Madison Co.Otter Creek, Madison Co.Rocky Fork, Garrard Co.Rocky Fork, Garrard Co.Sandlick Creek, Letcher Co.Sandlick Creek, Letcher Co.Tates Creek, Madison Co.Tates Creek, Madison Co.Ten Mile Creek, Grant Co.Ten Mile Creek, Grant Co.Town Branch, Fayette Co.Town Branch, Fayette Co.Troublesome Creek, Knott Co.Troublesome Creek, Knott Co.Wolf Run, Fayette Co.Wolf Run, Fayette Co.

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WEBSITE FEATURESWEBSITE FEATURES

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Grant offerings of up to $3,000 for watershed education, sampling, assessment, restoration projects

Applicants must be nonprofit organization, school, or local government

Applications will be accepted again in Fall ’08