2011 king abdullah's regime - human rights report on jordan - us state department

7/31/2019 2011 King Abdullah's Regime - Human Rights Report on JORDAN - US State Department

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OETHGJ

MRMC]XI^M S]AAGTY

Xbm Bgsbmaixm @ijkhea en Oethgj is g cejsxix}xiejgl aejgtcby t}lmh dy @ijkGdh}llgb II dij B}ssmij* Xbm cejsxix}xiej cejcmjxtgxms mrmc}xi~m gjh lmkislgxi~mg}xbetixy ij xbm `ijk* Xbm a}lxivgtxy vgtligamjx cejsisxs en xbm >6!amadmt Be}smen Jexgdlms "Agolis gl!Gygj) gvveijxmh dy xbm `ijk gjh g 746!amadmt mlmcxmhle{mt be}sm, xbm Cbgadmt en Hmv}xims "Agolis gl!J}{{gd)* Vgtligamjxgtymlmcxiejs, {bicb ijxmtjgxiejgl edsmt~mts hmmamh ctmhidlm, xee` vlgcm ij Je~madmt4676* Smc}tixy netcms tmvetxmh xe ci~iligj g}xbetixims*

Xbte}kbe}x xbm ymgt cixizmjs sxgkmh {mm`ly hmaejsxtgxiejs cgllijk net ~gtie}svelixicgl gjh mcejeaic tmnetas* Xbm hmaejsxtgxiejs {mtm aesxly vmgcmn}l0

be{m~mt, xbmtm {mtm ijcihmjxs en ~ielmjcm dy ce}jxmtvtexmsxmts gjh smc}tixy netcmsgkgijsx vtexmsxmts* Xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex ij~msxikgxm et vtesmc}xm ijhi~ih}glsgjh smc}tixy ennicigls gcc}smh en ijcixijk ~ielmjcm h}tijk xbm hmaejsxtgxiejs*

Xbm xbtmm aesx sikjinicgjx cejxij}ijk b}agj tikbxs vtedlmas {mtm cixizmjsijgdilixy xe vmgcmn}lly cbgjkm xbmit ke~mtjamjx, gd}sms ceaaixxmh {ixb iav}jixydy smc}tixy smt~icms, gjh ~ielmjcm gkgijsx {eamj*

Exbmt b}agj tikbxs vtedlmas {mtm gtdixtgty hmvti~gxiej en linm, xetx}tm etaisxtmgxamjx, veet vtisej cejhixiejs, gtdixtgty gttmsx gjh hmjigl en h}m vtecmssxbte}kb ghaijisxtgxi~m hmxmjxiej, vtelejkmh hmxmjxiej, gjh mrxmtjgl ijxmtnmtmjcm ij

o}hicigl hmcisiejs* Cixizmjs cejxij}mh xe tmvetx ijntijkmamjxs ej xbmit vti~gcytikbxs, gjh lmkgl gjh secimxgl hisctiaijgxiej gkgijsx vmtsejs en Vglmsxijigj etikijtmagijmh {ihmsvtmgh* Tmsxticxi~m lmkislgxiej gjh tmk}lgxiejs liaixmh ntmmheas ensvmmcb gjh vtmss, {bilm ke~mtjamjx ijxmtnmtmjcm ij xbm amhig gjh xbtmgxs en nijmsgjh hmxmjxiej n}txbmt mjce}tgkmh smln!cmjsetsbiv* Xbm ke~mtjamjx gamjhmh xbmlg{ tmsxticxijk ntmmhea en gssmadly gjh aetm ntmw}mjxly glle{mh vtexmsxmts xekgxbmt {ixbe}x ijxmtnmtmjcm, glxbe}kb ce}jxmthmaejsxtgxets gjh gx xiams smc}tixynetcms }smh ~ielmjcm gkgijsx xbma* Xbm ke~mtjamjx cejxij}mh xe tmsxticx ntmmhea

en gssecigxiej* Lecgl b}agj tikbxs etkgjizgxiejs tmvetxmh {ihmsvtmgh ~ielmjcmgkgijsx {eamj gjh cbilhtmj* Lmkgl gjh secimxgl hisctiaijgxiej gjh bgtgssamjxtmagijmh g vtedlma net {eamj, tmlikie}s aijetixims, cej~mtxs ntea Islga, gjhamadmts en xbm lmsdigj, kgy, dismr}gl, gjh xtgjskmjhmt "LKDX) ceaa}jixy* Xbmke~mtjamjx tmsxticxmh lgdet tikbxs, gjh lecgl gjh ijxmtjgxiejgl b}agj tikbxsetkgjizgxiejs tmvetxmh bikb lm~mls en gd}sm en netmikj heamsxic {et`mts*

Ce}jxty Tmvetxs ej B}agj Tikbxs Vtgcxicms net 4677

]jixmh Sxgxms Hmvgtxamjx en Sxgxm D}tmg} en Hmaectgcy, B}agj Tikbxs gjh Lgdet


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OETHGJ 4

Iav}jixy tmagijmh vtedlmagxic* Xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex xg`m sxmvs xe ij~msxikgxm,vtesmc}xm, et v}jisb ennicigls {be ceaaixxmh gd}sms*

Smcxiej 7* Tmsvmcx net xbm Ijxmktixy en xbm Vmtsej, Ijcl}hijk Ntmmhea ntea?

g* Gtdixtgty et ]jlg{n}l Hmvti~gxiej en Linm

Xbmtm {gs ejm tmvetx xbgx ke~mtjamjx gkmjxs ceaaixxmh gj gtdixtgty et }jlg{n}l`illijk h}tijk xbm ymgt* Ej Agtcb 4=, @bgity Ogail Sgih himh gs velicm {mtmhisvmtsijk vtexmsxmts jmgt Kgagl Gdh}l Jgssmt Sw}gtm ij Gaagj* [bilm xbmke~mtjamjx cetejmt tmvetxmh Sggh himh en bmgtx ngil}tm, vtexmsxmts gcc}smh xbmvelicm en dmgxijk Sggh xe hmgxb*

d* Hisgvvmgtgjcm

Xbmtm {mtm je tmvetxs h}tijk xbm ymgt en velixicglly aexi~gxmh hisgvvmgtgjcms*

c* Xetx}tm gjh Exbmt Ct}ml, Ijb}agj, et Hmktghijk Xtmgxamjx et

V}jisbamjx

Xbm lg{ vtebidixs s}cb vtgcxicms0 be{m~mt, ijxmtjgxiejgl JKEs cejxij}mh xe tmvetxijcihmjxs en xetx}tm gjh {ihmsvtmgh aisxtmgxamjx ij velicm gjh smc}tixy hmxmjxiejcmjxmts* Xbm lg{ vtebidixs xetx}tm, ijcl}hijk vsycbelekicgl bgta, dy v}dlicennicigls gjh vte~ihms vmjglxims en gs lejk gs xbtmm ymgts iavtisejamjx net xbm }smen xetx}tm, {ixb gj ijctmgsmh vmjglxy en }v xe 7= ymgts in smtie}s ijo}ty ecc}ts*B}agj tikbxs lg{ymts ne}jh xbm lg{ gadik}e}s gjh s}vvetxmh gamjhamjxs xedmxxmt hmnijm xetx}tm gjh sxtmjkxbmj smjxmjcijk k}ihmlijms* Xbm o}hicigl sysxmabgs jm~mt cbgtkmh gj ijhi~ih}gl {ixb xetx}tm*

Ijxmtjgxiejgl gjh heamsxic etkgjizgxiejs sxgxmh xbgx smc}tixy netcms cejxij}mh xevtgcxicm xetx}tm, vgtxic}lgtly ij velicm sxgxiejs* Gccethijk xe g Agy 77 B}agjTikbxs [gxcb "BT[) tmvetx cbtejiclijk xbm Gvtil 7= hmaejsxtgxiejs ij _gt`g,ennicmts ntea Xmgas >4 gjh ;7 tmvetxmhly hmxgijmh aetm xbgj 766 Islgaisx

vtexmsxmts ij g smc}tixy sxgxiej ij xbm jmgtdy xe{j en T}sging gjh dmgx seam ej xbmbmgh, dgc`, gjh exbmt dehy gtmgs {bilm xbmit bgjhs gjh nmmx {mtm sbgc`lmh*Gccethijk xe BT[, xbm hmxgijmm {be tmvetxmh xbm xetx}tm {gs gaejk g lgtkm kte}vtmlmgsmh ej Agy = gnxmt gj ijixigl ij~msxikgxiej*

Seam ijhi~ih}gls tmvetxmh xbgx ke~mtjamjx gkmjxs smr}glly gd}smh xbma h}tijkgttmsx et hmxmjxiej dy ag`ijk xbma tmae~m xbmit clexbijk gjh vmtneta smr}gl gcxs*




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OETHGJ 3

B}agj tikbxs gcxi~isxs tmvetxmh xbgx seam vmtsejs {ixb hisgdilixims {mtm s}domcxmhxe ct}ml gjh ijb}agjm xtmgxamjx gx ijsxix}xiejs gjh tmbgdilixgxiej cmjxmts* IjSmvxmadmt xbm Ngaily Vtexmcxiej Hmvgtxamjx "NVH) ij~msxikgxmh g cgsm ij {bicb gagjgkmamjx ennicigl gd}smh g 74!ymgt!elh cbilh {ixb cmtmdtgl vglsy gx g vti~gxmtmbgdilixgxiej cmjxmt gcctmhixmh dy xbm Aijisxty en Secigl Hm~mlevamjx*

Vtisej gjh Hmxmjxiej Cmjxmt Cejhixiejs

Sikjinicgjx vtedlmas tmagijmh ij vtisejs, ijcl}hijk ijghmw}gxm neeh gjh bmglxbcgtm, veet sgjixgxiej sxgjhgths, veet ~mjxilgxiej, mrxtmam xmavmtgx}tms, ijghmw}gxmgccmss xe vexgdlm {gxmt, gjh ijs}nnicimjx dgsic gjh mamtkmjcy amhicgl cgtm* Seamhmxgijmms tmvetxmh gd}sm gjh aisxtmgxamjx dy k}gths h}tijk xbm ymgt* XbmJgxiejgl Cmjxmt net B}agj Tikbxs "JCBT) tmvetxmh 2= ceavlgijxs ntea o}~mjilm

hmxmjxiej cmjxmts ntea Agtcb 4676 xe G}k}sx 4677, ijcl}hijk xbesm tmlgxmh xe lgc`en vmtsejgl sgnmxy, lgc` en mh}cgxiej, gjh gllmkgxiejs en xetx}tm gjh aisxtmgxamjx*

Gccethijk xe ke~mtjamjx sxgxisxics, xbmtm {mtm gvvteriagxmly 7>,888 ijagxms, 3vmtcmjx en {bea {mtm nmaglm, ij 7= cettmcxiejgl gjh tmbgdilixgxiej cmjxmt "CTC)ngcilixims, }v ntea 78 ij 4676* Gccethijk xe xbm Aijisxty en Secigl Hm~mlevamjx,xbmtm {mtm 7;6 o}~mjilms ij c}sxehy* Cejhixiejs net {eamj {mtm kmjmtglly dmxxmtxbgj xbesm net amj* Vtmxtigl hmxgijmms {mtm enxmj bmlh ij xbm sgam hmxmjxiejngcilixims gs cej~icxmh vtisejmts* Xbm Kmjmtgl Ijxmllikmjcm Hitmcxetgxm "KIH) bmlhseam vmtsejs hmxgijmh ej jgxiejgl smc}tixy cbgtkms ij smvgtgxm hmxmjxiej ngcilixims*Gccethijk xe xbm JCBT, KIH hmxgijmms gtm kmjmtglly bmlh ij selixgty cejnijmamjxgjh gtm vtm~mjxmh ntea ammxijk }js}vmt~ismh {ixb ~isixets, ijcl}hijk xbmitlg{ymts* Islgaisx vtisejmts ij O{mihgb {mtm bmlh ij g smvgtgxm {ijk gjh `mvx ijsagll!kte}v smai!iselgxiej* Ijxmtjgxiejgl gjh heamsxic JKEs tmvetxmh xbgx ijseam ijsxgjcms Islgaisx vtisejmts ngcmh bgtsbmt vtisej cejhixiejs xbgj exbmtijagxms*

Vtisejmts gjh hmxgijmms bgh tmsxticxmh gccmss xe ~isixets gjh {mtm vmtaixxmhtmlikie}s edsmt~gjcm* G}xbetixims vmtaixxmh vtisejmts gjh hmxgijmms xe s}daix

ceavlgijxs xe o}hicigl g}xbetixims {ixbe}x cmjsetsbiv0 be{m~mt, g}xbetixims hih jexij~msxikgxm gllmkgxiejs en ijb}agjm cejhixiejs* Xbm Ead}hsagjs D}tmg} {ixbijxbm V}dlic Smc}tixy Hitmcxetgxm "VSH) ij~msxikgxms gllmkgxiejs en velicm gd}sm0be{m~mt, h}m xe iav}jixy ceavlgijxs tgtmly tms}lxmh ij gjy hiscivlijgty amgs}tms*H}tijk xbm ymgt je sxmvs {mtm xg`mj xe iavte~m tmceth`mmvijk et }sm glxmtjgxi~msxe smjxmjcijk net jej~ielmjx ennmjhmts et o}~mjilms*




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OETHGJ 8

Xbm ke~mtjamjx vmtaixxmh lecgl gjh ijxmtjgxiejgl b}agj tikbxs edsmt~mts xe ~isixvtisejs gjh cejh}cx vti~gxm ijxmt~im{s* Xbm Ijxmtjgxiejgl Ceaaixxmm en xbm TmhCtess "ICTC) ~isixmh vtisejmts gjh hmxgijmms ij gll vtisejs, ijcl}hijk xbesmcejxtellmh dy xbm KIH, gccethijk xe sxgjhgth ICTC aehglixims*

H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm ke~mtjamjx ijg}k}tgxmh x{e jm{ CTCs {ixb cmlls xbgx ammxijxmtjgxiejgl sxgjhgths gjh sb}x he{j gj elhmt vtisej*

h* Gtdixtgty Gttmsx et Hmxmjxiej

Xbm lg{ vtebidixs gtdixtgty gttmsx gjh hmxmjxiej* Gccethijk xe lecgl gjhijxmtjgxiejgl b}agj tikbxs kte}vs, xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex gl{gys edsmt~m xbmsmvtebidixiejs ij vtgcxicm* Ij vgtxic}lgt, xbm ke~mtjets en xbm ce}jxtys 74ke~mtjetgxms cejxij}mh xe }sm xbm lg{ xe hmxgij ijhi~ih}gls ghaijisxtgxi~mly

{ixbe}x h}m vtecmss et hmxgij ijhi~ih}gls ne}jh jex k}ilxy ij lmkgl vtecmmhijks*

Telm en xbm Velicm gjh Smc}tixy Gvvgtgx}s

Xbm VSH cejxtels kmjmtgl velicm n}jcxiejs* Xbm VSH, KIH, kmjhgtamtim, Ci~ilHmnmjsm Hitmcxetgxm, gjh ailixgty sbgtm tmsvejsidilixy net agijxgijijk ijxmtjglsmc}tixy* Xbm VSH, Ci~il Hmnmjsm Hitmcxetgxm, gjh kmjhgtamtim tmvetx xe xbmaijisxmt en ijxmtiet {ixb hitmcx gccmss xe xbm `ijk {bmj jmcmssgty, gjh xbm KIH ijvtgcxicm tmvetxs hitmcxly xe xbm `ijk* Ci~iligj g}xbetixims agijxgijmh cejxtel e~mtsmc}tixy netcms*

Gccethijk xe lecgl gjh ijxmtjgxiejgl JKEs, xbm ke~mtjamjx tgtmly ij~msxikgxmhgllmkgxiejs en gd}sm et cett}vxiej, gjh xbmtm {mtm {ihmsvtmgh gllmkgxiejs eniav}jixy* Cixizmjs agy nilm ceavlgijxs en velicm gd}sm et cett}vxiej {ixb xbmVSHs b}agj tikbxs ennicm et ejm en =6 velicm vtesmc}xets sxgxiejmh xbte}kbe}x xbmce}jxty* Ceavlgijxs en gd}sm gjh cett}vxiej dy xbm kmjhgtamtim agy dm nilmhhitmcxly {ixb xbm kmjhgtamtim* G KIH ligisej ennicmt tmcmi~ms ceavlgijxs gkgijsxxbm KIH gjh tmnmts xbma xe KIH vmtsejjml net ij~msxikgxiej* Ceavlgijxs gkgijsxxbm VSH, kmjhgtamtim, gjh KIH agy glse dm nilmh {ixb xbm JCBT et sm~mtgl exbmt

JKEs, s}cb gs xbm Gtgd Etkgjizgxiej net B}agj Tikbxs "GEBT)* Xbm VSHsvtm~mjxi~m smc}tixy ennicm is xgs`mh {ixb ij~msxikgxijk gllmkgxiejs en velicmcett}vxiej* Xbm VSH gjh kmjhgtamtim xty xbmit vmtsejjml ijxmtjglly {ixb xbmit e{jce}txs, o}hkms, gjh vtesmc}xets0 tmvetxs gde}x xbm vtecmmhijks gtm jex v}dlisbmh*

H}tijk xbm ymgt xbmtm {mtm sm~mtgl tmvetxmh ijsxgjcms en smc}tixy netcms }sijkmrcmssi~m netcm {ixb iav}jixy et ngilijk xe vtexmcx hmaejsxtgxets ntea secimxgl




5/30

OETHGJ =

~ielmjcm* Ej O}ly 7=, h}tijk g vtetmneta hmaejsxtgxiej ij Gl!Jg`mml Sw}gtm ijGaagj, sm~mtgl amadmts en xbm tiex velicm {imlhijk {eehmj dgxs gjh exbmtijsxt}amjxs, s}cb gs g dgtdmw}m tgc`, gxxgc`mh vtexmsxmts gjh oe}tjglisxs ce~mtijkxbm hmaejsxtgxiejs* Ej O}ly 79, xbm aijisxmt en ijxmtiet gjje}jcmh xbgx xbmceaaixxmm xgs`mh {ixb ij~msxikgxijk xbm ijcihmjx ne}jh xbm VSH tmsvejsidlm net xbmgxxgc`s0 be{m~mt, dy ymgts mjh je smc}tixy ennicigl bgh dmmj vtesmc}xmh*

Gttmsx Vtecmh}tms gjh Xtmgxamjx [bilm ij Hmxmjxiej

Xbm lg{ glle{s s}svmcxs xe dm hmxgijmh net }v xe 48 be}ts {ixbe}x g {gttgjx ij gllcgsms* Xbm ctiaijgl cehm tmw}itms xbgx velicm jexiny g}xbetixims {ixbij 48 be}ts engj gttmsx gjh xbgx g}xbetixims nilm netagl cbgtkms {ixbij 7= hgys en gj gttmsx* Xbmvmtieh xe nilm netagl cbgtkms cgj dm mrxmjhmh net gs lejk gs sir aejxbs net g nmlejygjh x{e aejxbs net g aishmamgjet* Gccethijk xe lecgl JKEs, vtesmc}xets

te}xijmly tmw}msxmh mrxmjsiejs gjh o}hkms ktgjxmh xbma* B}agj tikbxs edsmt~mtsclgiamh xbgx velicm aghm gttmsxs dmnetm edxgijijk {gttgjxs gjh xbgx vtesmc}xets hihjex nilm cbgtkms et smm` mrxmjsiejs ij g xiamly agjjmt* Xbmy gllmkmh xbgxg}xbetixims xtgjsnmttmh s}svmcxs xe xbm smc}tixy ce}tx ij ethmt xe mrxmjh xbm lmkglxiam ntea 48 be}ts xe 76 hgys net ij~msxikgxiej* Dgil is glle{mh }jhmt xbm vmjglcehm gjh {gs }smh ij seam cgsms* Seam hmxgijmms tmvetxmh jex dmijk glle{mhxiamly gccmss xe g lg{ymt, d}x g}xbetixims kmjmtglly vmtaixxmh ngaily amadmt ~isixs*G}xbetixims gvveijxmh lg{ymts xe tmvtmsmjx ijhikmjx hmnmjhgjxs cbgtkmh {ixbnmlejims, glxbe}kb lmkgl gih smt~icms tmagijmh aijiagl*

Xbm ]J Ceaaixxmm Gkgijsx Xetx}tms Agy 4676 tmvetx mrvtmssmh smtie}s cejcmtjgde}x xbm ke~mtjamjxs ngil}tm ij vtgcxicm xe gnneth gll hmxgijmms, ijcl}hijkhmxgijmms bmlh ij KIH gjh VSH ngcilixims, {ixb gll n}jhgamjxgl lmkgl sgnmk}gthsntea xbm ~mty e}xsmx en xbmit hmxmjxiej, ijcl}hijk xbm tikbx xe jexiny g tmlgxi~m gjhxe dm ijnetamh en xbmit tikbxs gjh cbgtkms gkgijsx xbma gx xbm xiam en hmxmjxiej*

Gtdixtgty Gttmsx? Xbm Sxgxm Smc}tixy Ce}tx ki~ms o}hicigl velicm xbm g}xbetixy xegttmsx gjh `mmv vmtsejs ij c}sxehy net 76 hgys {bilm cejh}cxijk ctiaijglij~msxikgxiejs* Xbis g}xbetixy ijcl}hms gttmsxs net gllmkmh aishmamgjets* Ij cgsms

v}tvetxmhly ij~el~ijk sxgxm smc}tixy, xbm smc}tixy netcms gx xiams gttmsxmh gjhhmxgijmh cixizmjs {ixbe}x {gttgjxs et o}hicigl tm~im{, bmlh hmnmjhgjxs ij vtmxtiglhmxmjxiej {ixbe}x ijnetaijk xbma en xbm cbgtkms gkgijsx xbma, gjh mixbmt hih jexglle{ hmnmjhgjxs xe ammx {ixb xbmit lg{ymts et hih jex vmtaix ammxijks }jxilsbetxly dmnetm xtigl* Sm~mtgl ijagxms {mtm ij hmxmjxiej {ixbe}x cbgtkm gx ymgtsmjh*




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OETHGJ >

]jhmt xbm Ctiam Vtm~mjxiej Lg{, vte~ijcigl ke~mtjets agy hmxgij ijhi~ih}glss}svmcxmh en vlgjjijk xe ceaaix g ctiam et xbesm {be gllmkmhly sbmlxmt xbim~ms,bgdix}glly sxmgl, et cejsxix}xm g hgjkmt xe xbm v}dlic, gjh ij vtgcxicm xbmy }smh xbisvte~isiej {ihmly* Xbesm gcc}smh gtm s}domcx xe iavtisejamjx et be}sm gttmsx net gslejk gs ejm ymgt }jhmt ghaijisxtgxi~m hmxmjxiej {ixbe}x netagl cbgtkms, gjhke~mtjets cgj vtelejk hmxmjxiejs* H}tijk xbm ymgt ke~mtjets ghaijisxtgxi~mlyhmxgijmh 77,38= ijhi~ih}gls* Sm~mtgl ijxmtjgxiejgl gjh jgxiejgl JKEs jexmh xbgxke~mtjets te}xijmly gd}smh xbm lg{, iavtisejijk ijhi~ih}gls {bmj xbmtm {gs jexmje}kb m~ihmjcm xe cej~icx xbma gjh vtelejkijk hmxmjxiejs en vtisejmts {besmsmjxmjcms bgh mrvitmh* Xbm lg{ {gs glse }smh xe ijcgtcmtgxm {eamj, gllmkmhly xevtexmcx xbma, gs xbmy gtm gx tis` en dmijk bejet ctiam ~icxias*

Vtmxtigl Hmxmjxiej? Xbm ceaaej vtgcxicm en o}hkms ktgjxijk mrxmjsiejs xevtesmc}xets vtiet xe nilijk netagl cbgtkms }jjmcmssgtily lmjkxbmjmh vtmxtigl

hmxmjxiej* H}tijk xbm ymgt xbmtm {mtm 43,772 vtmxtigl hmxgijmms* Lmjkxby lmkglvtecmh}tms, g lgtkm j}admt en hmxgijmms, o}hicigl ijmnnicimjcy, gjh xbm o}hicigldgc`lek ghhmh xe xbm vtedlma en vtmxtigl hmxmjxiej* Xbm lmjkxb en xbm hmxmjxiej gxxiams mw}glmh et mrcmmhmh xbm smjxmjcm net xbm gllmkmh ctiam*

m* Hmjigl en Ngit V}dlic Xtigl

Xbm lg{ vte~ihms net gj ijhmvmjhmjx o}hicigty* Gllmkgxiejs en jmvexisa gjh xbmijnl}mjcm en svmcigl ijxmtmsxs tgismh cejcmtjs gde}x xbm o}hicigtys ijhmvmjhmjcm ijvtgcxicm* G}xbetixims hih jex gl{gys tmsvmcx ce}tx ethmts*

Xtigl Vtecmh}tms

Xbm lg{ vtms}ams xbgx hmnmjhgjxs gtm ijjecmjx* Gll ci~iligj ce}tx xtigls, ijcl}hijksxgxm smc}tixy ce}tx xtigls, gtm evmj xe xbm v}dlic }jlmss xbm ce}tx hmxmtaijmsexbmt{ism* O}tims gtm jex }smh* Hmnmjhgjxs gtm mjxixlmh xe lmkgl ce}jsml, vte~ihmhgx v}dlic mrvmjsm net xbm ijhikmjx ij cgsms ij~el~ijk xbm hmgxb vmjglxy et linmiavtisejamjx* Ij agjy cgsms jex ij~el~ijk xbm hmgxb vmjglxy, xbesm {besmv}jisbamjx {e}lh dm bgth et xmavetgty lgdet bg~m je lmkgl tmvtmsmjxgxiej*

Hmnmjhgjxs cgj vtmsmjx {ixjmssms gjh m~ihmjcm gjh cgj w}msxiej {ixjmssmsvtmsmjxmh gkgijsx xbma* G}xbetixims kmjmtglly ktgjxmh hmnmjhgjxs gccmss xeke~mtjamjx!bmlh m~ihmjcm tmlm~gjx xe g cgsm* Hmnmjhgjxs cgj gvvmgl ~mthicxs0gvvmgls gtm g}xeagxic net cgsms ij~el~ijk xbm hmgxb vmjglxy*

Hmnmjhgjxs dmnetm xbm Sxgxm Smc}tixy Ce}tx ntmw}mjxly amx {ixb xbmit gxxetjmys gxxbm sxgtx en g xtigl et ejly ejm et x{e hgys dmnetm* G cgsm agy dm vesxvejmh net




7/30

OETHGJ ;

aetm xbgj 82 be}ts ejly }jhmt mrcmvxiejgl citc}asxgjcms hmxmtaijmh dy xbm ce}tx*Ij vtgcxicm, cgsms te}xijmly ij~el~mh vesxvejmamjxs en aetm xbgj 76 hgys dmx{mmjsmssiejs {ixb vtecmmhijks lgsxijk net sm~mtgl aejxbs* Ij agjy cgsms xbm gcc}smhtmagijmh ij hmxmjxiej {ixbe}x dgil h}tijk xbm vtecmmhijks* Ij xbm Sxgxm Smc}tixyCe}tx, hmnmjhgjxs cej~icxmh en nmlejims et aishmamgjets bg~m xbm tikbx xe gvvmglxbmit smjxmjcms xe xbm Ce}tx en Cgssgxiej, {bicb is g}xbetizmh xe tm~im{ iss}ms endexb ngcx gjh lg{*

Gll cixizmjs gtm gccethmh xbmsm tikbxs* Ci~il, ctiaijgl, gjh ceaamtcigl ce}txsgcceth mw}gl {mikbx xe xbm xmsxiaejy en amj gjh {eamj0 be{m~mt, ij sbgtigce}txs, {bicb bg~m o}tishicxiej e~mt A}slia agttigkm, hi~etcm, gjh ijbmtixgjcmcgsms, xbm xmsxiaejy en x{e {eamj {gs mw}gl xe xbgx en g agj ij aesxcitc}asxgjcms*

Velixicgl Vtisejmts gjh Hmxgijmms

Cixizmjs gjh JKEs gllmkmh xbgx xbm ke~mtjamjx cejxij}mh xe hmxgij ijhi~ih}gls,ijcl}hijk velixicgl evvesixiej amadmts, net velixicgl tmgsejs h}tijk xbm ymgt gjhxbgx ke~mtjets cejxij}mh xe }sm ghaijisxtgxi~m hmxmjxiejs net {bgx gvvmgtmh xe dmvelixicgl tmgsejs*

Ci~il O}hicigl Vtecmh}tms gjh Tmamhims

Ijhi~ih}gls agy dtijk ci~il lg{s}ixs tmlgxmh xe b}agj tikbxs ~ielgxiejs gjh hih seh}tijk xbm ymgt*

n* Gtdixtgty Ijxmtnmtmjcm {ixb Vti~gcy, Ngaily, Beam, et Cettmsvejhmjcm

Xbm lg{ vtebidixs gtdixtgty ijxmtnmtmjcm ij vti~gxm agxxmts, d}x xbm ke~mtjamjx hihjex tmsvmcx xbis vtebidixiej ij vtgcxicm* Cixizmjs {ihmly dmlim~mh xbgx smc}tixyennicmts aejixetmh xmlmvbejm cej~mtsgxiejs gjh Ijxmtjmx ceaa}jicgxiej, tmghvti~gxm cettmsvejhmjcm, gjh mjkgkmh ij s}t~millgjcm {ixbe}x ce}tx ethmts*

]jli`m ij xbm vtm~ie}s ymgt, xbmtm {mtm je tmvetxs xbgx velicm netcidly mjxmtmh xbmbeams en netmikj aiktgjx {et`mts {ixbe}x {gttgjxs*

Seam tmlikie}s gcxi~isxs tmvetxmh xbgx xbm KIH {ixbbmlh xbmit cmtxinicgxms en keehdmbg~iet, {bicb cejnita xbgx xbm gvvlicgjx hems jex bg~m g ctiaijgl tmceth gjh gtmtmw}itmh net oed gvvlicgxiejs et xe evmj g d}sijmss* Xbm KIH }s}glly {ixbbelhs gcmtxinicgxm en keeh dmbg~iet in xbmtm is g ctiaijgl tmceth0 be{m~mt, xbmtm is je




8/30

OETHGJ 2

v}dlic ijnetagxiej e}xlijijk xbm KIHs velicims net iss}ijk xbm cmtxinicgxms* Seamgcxi~isxs glse sgih KIH ennicigls xbtmgxmjmh xe dgt xbmit cbilhtmj ntea mjxmtijk etktgh}gxijk ntea }ji~mtsixy*

Smcxiej 4* Tmsvmcx net Ci~il Lidmtxims, Ijcl}hijk?

g* Ntmmhea en Svmmcb gjh Vtmss

Sxgx}s en Ntmmhea en Svmmcb gjh Vtmss

Xbm cejsxix}xiej vte~ihms net ntmmhea en svmmcb gjh vtmss0 be{m~mt, xbmke~mtjamjx hih jex tmsvmcx xbmsm tikbxs ij vtgcxicm*

Ntmmhea en Svmmcb? Xbm lg{ vmtaixs v}jisbamjx en }v xe xbtmm ymgts

iavtisejamjx net ijs}lxijk xbm `ijk, slgjhmtijk xbm ke~mtjamjx et netmikj lmghmts,ennmjhijk tmlikie}s dmlimns, et sxittijk smcxgtigj sxtinm gjh smhixiej* Ij vtgcxicmcixizmjs {mtm kmjmtglly gdlm xe ctixicizm xbm ke~mtjamjx, glxbe}kb xbmy tmvetxmhlymrmtcismh cg}xiej ij tmkgth xe xbm `ijk, teygl ngaily, KIH, gjh exbmt smjsixi~mxevics s}cb gs tmlikiej*

Ej Agy 44, xbm Gaagj Ctiaijgl Ce}tx ne}jh oe}tjglisx A}{gnngw Agbghij gjhmj~itejamjxglisx S}nigj gl!Xgl jex k}ilxy en slgjhmt gjh exbmt cbgtkms dgsmh ejsmvgtgxm v}dlic ijxmt~im{s xbm x{e amj kg~m ctixicizijk xbm gtays smc}tixy telm ijGnkbgjisxgj* Sxgxm smc}tixy netcms hmxgijmh xbm amj ij Nmdt}gty 4676 net x{e{mm`s*

Ntmmhea en Vtmss? Ijhmvmjhmjx vtijx amhig mrisxmh, ijcl}hijk sm~mtgl agoet hgilyjm{svgvmts0 be{m~mt, s}cb v}dlicgxiejs a}sx edxgij licmjsms ntea xbm sxgxm xeevmtgxm* Xbm ijhmvmjhmjx vtijx gjh dteghcgsx amhig lgtkmly evmtgxmh {ixbe}xtmsxticxiej, d}x amhig edsmt~mts tmvetxmh ke~mtjamjxgl vtmss}tm xe tmntgij nteactixicizijk xbm teygl ngaily, hisc}ssijk xbm KIH, et }sijk lgjk}gkm hmmamhennmjsi~m xe tmlikiej, ijcl}hijk xbm xbtmgx en lgtkm nijms gjh vtisej smjxmjcms netslgjhmt en ke~mtjamjx ennicigls gjh exbmt xevics lisxmh gde~m* Amhig etkgjizgxiejs

gjh oe}tjglisxs tmvetxmh xbgx xbm ke~mtjamjx ijnl}mjcmh xbm gvveijxamjx en mhixetsij cbimn gx seam agoet v}dlicgxiejs, {bmxbmt dy ~itx}m en ennicigls vesixiejs ej xbmdegths en hitmcxets en ke~mtjamjx!gnniligxmh v}dlicgxiejs et xbte}kb }jhisclesmhcejxgcxs* Xbm ke~mtjamjx bgs g agoetixy en smgxs ej xbm degth net xbm lmghijksmaiennicigl hgily jm{svgvmt,Gl!Tgi, gjh g sbgtm en degth smgxs ij gjexbmt hgilyjm{svgvmt*




9/30

OETHGJ 9

Ej Agtcb ;, gvvteriagxmly 466 oe}tjglisxs sxgkmh g hmaejsxtgxiej xe hmagjh xbgxGl!Tgi mhixet ij cbimn Gdh}l [gbgd _kbmilgxtmsikj h}m xe bis cmjsetsbiv en xbmitgtxiclms, gjh ej O}ly 74 bm tmsikjmh*

Xbm lg{ sxgxms xbgx xbm Vtiam Aijisxty bgs xbm g}xbetixy xe tmomcx g dteghcgsxlicmjsm {ixbe}x g sxgxmh tmgsej dgsmh ej xbm tmceaamjhgxiej en xbm hitmcxet en xbmke~mtjamjxgl G}hie~is}gl Ceaaissiej* Amhig edsmt~mts jexmh xbgx {bmjce~mtijk cejxte~mtsigl s}domcxs, ke~mtjamjx!e{jmh Oethgj Xmlm~isiej, OethgjJm{s Gkmjcy, gjh Tghie Oethgj tmvetxmh ejly xbm ke~mtjamjxs vesixiej*

Dy lg{ gjy dee` cgj dm v}dlisbmh gjh et hisxtid}xmh ntmmly0 be{m~mt, in xbm Vtmssgjh V}dlicgxiejs Hitmcxetgxm hmmas xbgx vgssgkms gtm tmlikie}sly ennmjsi~m etijs}lx xbm ìjk, ix cgj tmw}msx g ce}tx ethmt xe vtebidix xbm hisxtid}xiej en xbmdee`* H}tijk xbm ymgt gj msxiagxmh 46 dee`s {mtm dgjjmh h}m xe lgjk}gkm xbgx

{gs hmmamh tmlikie}sly ennmjsi~m*

îelmjcm gjh Bgtgssamjx? H}tijk xbm ymgt oe}tjglisxs {mtm s}domcxmh xebgtgssamjx gjh ijxiaihgxiej h}m xe xbmit tmvetxijk* Net mrgavlm, gnxmt g O}jm 73Gkmjcm Ntgjcm!Vtmssm "GNV) sxety tmvetxijk xbgx tmsihmjxs en Xgnilmb bgh sxejmhxbm ìjks aexetcghm, amadmt en vgtligamjx Ygbyg Sg}h lmh vtexmsxs hmagjhijkxbgx GNV Gaagj d}tmg} cbimn Tgjhg Bgdid dm tmnmttmh xe xbm Sxgxm Smc}tixy Ce}txgjh xbgx xbm GNV ennicms dm clesmh* Ej O}jm 7=, g kte}v en amj gxxgc`mh xbm GNVennicms gs velicm tmvetxmhly lee`mh ej* H}tijk g O}jm 7> vtmss cejnmtmjcm, Bgdidsxgxmh sbm bgh glse tmcmi~mh hmgxb xbtmgxs* Xbm ke~mtjamjx vte~ihmh bmt smc}tixyij tmsvejsm*

Cmjsetsbiv gjh Cejxmjx Tmsxticxiejs? Xbm ke~mtjamjx hitmcxly gjh ijhitmcxlycmjsetmh xbm amhig* ]jli`m ij vtm~ie}s ymgts, g}xbetixims hih jex cmjset vtijxijkvtmssms et mhix gtxiclms hmmamh ennmjsi~m dmnetm xbmy ce}lh dm vtijxmh* Be{m~mt,

oe}tjglisxs clgiamh xbgx xbm ke~mtjamjx }smh ijnetagjxs ij jm{steeas gjhmrmtcismh ijnl}mjcm e~mt tmvetxijk gjh xbgx KIH ennicigls cmjsetmh tmvetxijk*Mhixets tmvetxmhly tmcmi~mh xmlmvbejm cglls ntea smc}tixy ennicigls ijsxt}cxijk xbmabe{ xe ce~mt m~mjxs et xe tmntgij ntea ce~mtijk cmtxgij xevics et m~mjxs*

Ke~mtjamjx ennicigls glse tmvetxmhly dtidmh oe}tjglisxs xe ijnl}mjcm xbmit tmvetxijk*Oe}tjglisxs tmvetxmh xbgx xbm xbtmgx en hmxmjxiej gjh iavtisejamjx }jhmt xbm vmjglcehm net g ~gtimxy en ennmjsms, glejk {ixb sxtijkmjx nijms en gs a}cb gs 46,666hijgts "(42,4=6) net hmngagxiej }jhmt xbm vtmss gjh v}dlicgxiejs lg{, lmh xe smln!cmjsetsbiv* Xbm ke~mtjamjxs }sm en senx cejxgijamjx en oe}tjglisxs, ijcl}hijkxbm {ixbbelhijk en nijgjcigl s}vvetx, scbelgtsbivs net tmlgxi~ms, gjh svmciglij~ixgxiejs, lmh xe sikjinicgjx cejxtel en amhig cejxmjx*




10/30

OETHGJ 76

Ej Agy 79, xbm ke~mtjamjx tmvetxmhly vtm~mjxmh Teyg X^ ntea besxijkevvesixiej nik}tm Lgixb Sbdmilgx ej ixs {mm`ly vtektga, V}lsm en xbm Cixy* Xbmcbgjjmls agjgkmamjx cgjcmllmh xbm ijxmt~im{ gnxmt xbmy tmcmi~mh g xmlmvbejm cgllntea g ke~mtjamjx smc}tixy gkmjcy*

Xbm ke~mtjamjx cejxij}mh xe mjnetcm dgjs ej xbm v}dlicgxiej en smlmcxmh dee`s nettmlikie}s, aetgl, gjh velixicgl tmgsejs*

Lidml Lg{s%Jgxiejgl Smc}tixy? Xbm ke~mtjamjx xbtmgxmjmh xe }sm lidml gjh slgjhmtlg{s xe s}vvtmss ctixicisa* Ej Smvxmadmt 7;, Gamt Ngymz, cbimn en vtexecel netxbm Teygl Ce}tx, s}mh Gdhml Bghi Tgoi Agogli net lidml gjh hmngagxiej net gjgtxiclm ctixicizijk Teygl Ce}tx mavleymms net v}xxijk dgttimts dmx{mmj xbm ìjkgjh xbm vmevlm* Ngymz lgxmt htevvmh xbm cgsm*

Ijxmtjmx Ntmmhea

Xbmtm {mtm ke~mtjamjx tmsxticxiejs ej gccmss xe xbm Ijxmtjmx* Xbm ke~mtjamjxaejixetmh mlmcxtejic cettmsvejhmjcm gjh Ijxmtjmx cbgx sixms* Ijhi~ih}gls gjhkte}vs {mtm }jgdlm xe mrvtmss xbmit ~im{s ntmmly ~ig xbm Ijxmtjmx, ijcl}hijk dy m!agil* Gnxmt iavlmamjxgxiej en xbm Ijnetagxiej Sysxma Ctiam Lg{ ij 4676,agìjk [md sixm e{jmts tmsvejsidlm net gll cejxmjx ej xbmit sixms, kte}vs dmkgjsbinxijk xe secigl amhig xe mrvtmss xbmit ~im{s gjh evijiejs gjh xe etkgjizmhmaejsxtgxiejs* H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm Aijisxty en Ijxmtiet cejxij}mh xe aejixetIjxmtjmx cgnms ~ig ~ihme cgamtgs* Xbm aijisxty glse tmw}itmh cgnm e{jmts xetmkisxmt }smts vmtsejgl hgxg, s}daix tmceths en ~isixmh [md sixms, gjh vtm~mjxgccmss xe xgtkmxmh [md sixms, gs hmxmtaijmh dy xbm aijisxty*

Ej O}jm 7, xbm Sxgxm Smc}tixy Ce}tx iss}mh gj gttmsx {gttgjx net Glg Gl Ngzzg,v}dlisbmt en ejlijm jm{s sixm @bgdgtOe, ij tmsvejsm xe g ceavlgijx nilmh dyAebgaamh Xglmd Edmhigx, aijisxmt en sxgxm amhig gnngits, gjh Jgdil Sbgtin,netamt aijisxmt en amhig gnngits gjh ceaa}jicgxiejs, e~mt gj gtxiclm xbgx lisxmhxbma gs amadmts en xbm Ngcmdee` vgkm hmagjhijk xbm cte{j vtijcm dm tmvlgcmh*

Bm {gs cbgtkmh {ixb {etìjk xe }jlg{n}lly cbgjkm xbm cejsxix}xiej* Ej O}jm 4,xbm ìjk ethmtmh bis tmlmgsm, gjh bm {gs tmlmgsmh ej O}jm =*

Gcghmaic Ntmmhea gjh C}lx}tgl M~mjxs




11/30

OETHGJ 77

Xbm ke~mtjamjx vlgcmh seam liaixs ej gcghmaic ntmmhea* Seam amadmts en xbmgcghmaic ceaa}jixy clgiamh xbmtm {gs gj cejxij}ijk ijxmllikmjcm vtmsmjcm ijgcghmaic ijsxix}xiejs, ijcl}hijk aejixetijk en gcghmaic cejnmtmjcms gjh lmcx}tms*

Ej Smvxmadmt 4;, xbm Jgxiejgl Cgavgikj net Sx}hmjxs Tikbxs "Hbgdgbx}jg)ctixicizmh xbm ke~mtjamjx net netcijk scbelgtsbiv sx}hmjxs ntea }jhmtvti~ilmkmhgtmgs xe sikj vlmhkms jex xe mjkgkm ij velixicgl gcxi~ixims*

Seam netmikj nilas {mtm mhixmh vtiet xe tmlmgsm h}m xe smr}gl cejxmjx et tmlikie}slyennmjsi~m lgjk}gkm*

d* Ntmmhea en Vmgcmn}l Gssmadly gjh Gssecigxiej

Ntmmhea en Gssmadly

Xbm cejsxix}xiej vte~ihms net ntmmhea en gssmadly, d}x ij vtgcxicm xbm ke~mtjamjxliaixmh xbis tikbx* Ej Agy 3, xbm ke~mtjamjx gamjhmh xbm V}dlic Kgxbmtijks Lg{xe tmae~m xbm tmw}itmamjx xbgx kte}vs tmw}msx vmtaissiej ntea xbm ke~mtjet xekgxbmt* Gccethijk xe xbm gamjhmh lg{, etkgjizmts a}sx jexiny xbm ke~mtjamjx en gvtevesmh ammxijk et hmaejsxtgxiej gx lmgsx 82 be}ts ij gh~gjcm se xbgx xbmke~mtjamjx agy vte~ihm smc}tixy net xbm m~mjx* Xbm jexinicgxiej a}sx ijcl}hm xbmjgams gjh ghhtmssms en xbm etkgjizmts gjh xbm tmgsej net xbm ammxijk ethmaejsxtgxiej* Vtiet xe xbm gamjhamjx, ke~mtjets ce}lh hmjy etkgjizmtsvmtaissiej xe belh gj m~mjx gjh {mtm jex tmw}itmh xe vte~ihm g lmkgl tmgsej nethmjigl, {bicb ecc}ttmh tmk}lgtly* In gj etkgjizgxiej ngilmh xe gvvly net vmtaissiejnet gj m~mjx, ixs amadmts ngcmh iavtisejamjx ntea ejm xe sir aejxbs gjh g nijm engs a}cb gs 3,666 hijgts "(8,466)* Hmsvixm xbm gamjhamjx b}agj tikbxs gcxi~isxstmvetxmh xbgx xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex gl{gys tmsvmcx ntmmhea en gssmadly gjhseamxiams }smh xgcxics s}cb gs xbm tmje~gxiej en v}dlic svgcms xe vtm~mjx vlgjjmhsix!ijs*

H}tijk xbm ymgt gj ijxmtjgxiejgl JKE tmvetxmh xbgx KIH gkmjxs }tkmh ix xe cgjcml gtmkiejgl xtgijijk vtektga gde}x secigl gjh velixicgl gcxi~isa net ye}jk Gtgd

gcxi~isxs* Xbm JKE sxgxmh xbgx sm~mtgl tmkiejgl vgtxicivgjxs {mtm hmjimh mjxty ijxexbm ce}jxty }vej gtti~gl gjh xbm cbesmj bexml {gs netdihhmj xe besx xbm cejnmtmjcm*Xbm JKE bgh vtm~ie}sly bmlh sm~mtgl tmkiejgl cejnmtmjcms ij xbm ce}jxty {ixbe}xijcihmjx*

H}tijk xbm ymgt xbmtm {mtm sm~mtgl tmvetxmh ijsxgjcms en smc}tixy netcms }sijkmrcmssi~m netcm {ixb iav}jixy et ngilijk xe vtexmcx hmaejsxtgxets ntea secimxgl




12/30

OETHGJ 74

~ielmjcm* Net mrgavlm, ej Agtcb 48 gjh 4=, gx Ogagl Gdhml Jgssmt Sw}gtm ijGaagj, clgsbms mt}vxmh dmx{mmj hmaejsxtgxets gjh ce}jxmthmaejsxtgxets gx g six!ij cgllijk net velixicgl tmnetas* Xbm kmjhgtamtim hisvmtsmh xbm vtexmsxmts, lmghijkxe xmjs en ijo}tims gjh tmvetxmhly ejm hmgxb "smm smcxiej 7*g*)* H}tijk ixsij~msxikgxiej xbm JCBT ne}jh xbgx smc}tixy netcms ngilmh xe vtexmcx hmaejsxtgxetsntea ~ielmjcm0 be{m~mt, xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex evmj gj ennicigl ij~msxikgxiej ijxexbm m~mjxs*

Ntmmhea en Gssecigxiej

Xbm cejsxix}xiej vte~ihms net xbm tikbx en gssecigxiej, d}x xbm ke~mtjamjx liaixmhxbis ntmmhea ij vtgcxicm* Xbm lg{ ki~ms xbm Aijisxty en Secigl Hm~mlevamjx xbmtikbx xe tmomcx gvvlicgxiejs xe tmkisxmt gj etkgjizgxiej et tmcmi~m netmikj n}jhijk netgjy tmgsej, gjh ix vtebidixs xbm }sm en gssecigxiejs net xbm dmjmnix en gjy velixicgl

etkgjizgxiej* Xbm lg{ glse ki~ms xbm aijisxty sikjinicgjx cejxtel e~mt xbm ijxmtjglagjgkmamjx en gssecigxiejs, ijcl}hijk xbm gdilixy xe hissel~m gssecigxiejs, gvveijxjm{ degths en hitmcxets, smjh ke~mtjamjx tmvtmsmjxgxi~ms xe gjy degth ammxijk,vtm~mjx gssecigxiejs ntea amtkijk xbmit evmtgxiejs, gjh gvveijx gj g}hixet xemrgaijm gj gssecigxiejs nijgjcms net gjy tmgsej* Xbm lg{ tmw}itms gssecigxiejs xeijneta xbm aijisxty en degth ammxijks, s}daix gll degth hmcisiejs net gvvte~gl,hisclesm amadmts jgams, gjh edxgij Ijxmtiet Aijisxty smc}tixy clmgtgjcms netdegth amadmts* Xbm lg{ ijcl}hms sm~mtm vmjglxims, ijcl}hijk nijms }v xe 76,666hijgts "(78,766)*

Lecgl gjh ijxmtjgxiejgl JKEs clgiamh xbgx xbm lg{ sm~mtmly tmsxticxmh xbm {et` enijhmvmjhmjx etkgjizgxiejs* H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex hmjy gjyetkgjizgxiejs vmtaissiej xe tmkisxmt et tmcmi~m netmikj n}jhijk0 be{m~mt, JKEstmvetxmh xbgx {bilm xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex netaglly tmomcx netmikj n}jhijk tmw}msxset vtevesgls, ix gx xiams tmn}smh xe gccmvx s}cb tmw}msxs*

c* Ntmmhea en Tmlikiej

Smm xbm Hmvgtxamjx en SxgxmsIjxmtjgxiejgl Tmlikie}s Ntmmhea Tmvetxgx

{{{*sxgxm*ke~%o%htl%itn%tvx*

h* Ntmmhea en Ae~mamjx, Ijxmtjglly Hisvlgcmh Vmtsejs, Vtexmcxiej en

Tmn}kmms, gjh Sxgxmlmss Vmtsejs

Xbm lg{ vte~ihms net ntmmhea en ae~mamjx {ixbij xbm ce}jxty, netmikj xtg~ml,maiktgxiej, gjh tmvgxtigxiej0 be{m~mt, xbmtm {mtm seam tmsxticxiejs* Xbm ]J


http://www.state.gov/j/drl/irf/rpthttp://www.state.gov/j/drl/irf/rpthttp://www.state.gov/j/drl/irf/rpt


13/30

OETHGJ 73

tmvetxmh xbgx xbm ke~mtjamjx ceevmtgxmh {ixb xbm Ennicm en xbm ]J BikbCeaaissiejmt net Tmn}kmms "]JBCT), xbm ]J Tmlimn gjh [et`s Gkmjcy netVglmsxijm Tmn}kmms ij xbm Jmgt Mgsx "]JT[G), gjh exbmt b}agjixgtigjetkgjizgxiejs ij vte~ihijk vtexmcxiej gjh gssisxgjcm xe ijxmtjglly hisvlgcmhvmtsejs, tmn}kmms, tmx}tjijk tmn}kmms, gsyl}a smm`mts, sxgxmlmss vmtsejs, gjh exbmtvmtsejs en cejcmtj*

Netmikj Xtg~ml? Xbm lg{ sxiv}lgxms xbgx {eamj jmmh g c}sxehigj xe tmjm{ gvgssvetx* Xbm KIH seamxiams {ixbbmlh vgssvetxs ntea cixizmjs net gllmkmh smc}tixytmgsejs*

Cixizmjsbiv? Xbmtm {mtm cgsms en ke~mtjamjx ennicigls gtdixtgtily gjh {ixbe}x ce}txethmt {ixbhtg{ijk cixizmjsbiv ntea Oethgjigjs en Vglmsxijigj hmscmjx*

Vtexmcxiej en Tmn}kmms

Gccmss xe Gsyl}a? Xbm ce}jxtys lg{s he jex vte~ihm net xbm ktgjxijk en gsyl}aet tmn}kmm sxgx}s, gjh xbm ke~mtjamjx lgc`s g netagl sysxma en vte~ihijkvtexmcxiej xe tmn}kmms* Xbm ke~mtjamjx tmsvmcxmh xbm ]JBCTs mlikidilixyhmxmtaijgxiejs tmkgthijk gsyl}a smm`mts, ijcl}hijk xbesm {be mjxmtmh xbm ce}jxtyclgjhmsxijmly* G 7992 amaetgjh}a en }jhmtsxgjhijk dmx{mmj xbm ke~mtjamjxgjh xbm ]JBCT cejxgijs xbm hmnijixiej en g tmn}kmm, cejnitas ghbmtmjcm xe xbmvtijcivlm en jejtmne}lmamjx, gjh glle{s tmcekjizmh tmn}kmms g agria}a sxgy ensir aejxbs, h}tijk {bicb vmtieh xbm ]JBCT a}sx nijh g h}tgdlm sel}xiej*Be{m~mt, tmn}kmms enxmj sxgymh dmyejh xbm xiam liaix*

Gccmss xe Dgsic Smt~icms? Vglmsxijigj tmn}kmms ntea Kgzg {be mjxmtmh xbm ce}jxtynelle{ijk xbm 79>; {gt gtm mrcl}hmh ntea smt~icms exbmt{ism g~gilgdlm xeVglmsxijigj tmn}kmms, s}cb gs gccmss xe v}dlic gssisxgjcm, v}dlic bikbmt mh}cgxiej,et v}dlic amhicgl smt~icms* Be{m~mt, xbmy {mtm mlikidlm xe tmcmi~m ]JT[Gsmt~icms*

Xmavetgty Vtexmcxiej? Xbm ke~mtjamjx kmjmtglly tmcekjizmh xbm ]JBCTs

tmw}msxs xe ktgjx xmavetgty vtexmcxiej net gll Itgwi gsyl}a smm`mts, ijcl}hijk jm{gtti~gls, gjh tmcekjizmh tmn}kmms {besm cgsms bgh dmmj s}svmjhmh dy tmsmxxlmamjxce}jxtims* Xbm ]JBCT tmomcxmh gsyl}a et tmsmxxlmamjx cgsms* Dy ymgts mjhgvvteriagxmly 38,666 Itgwi tmn}kmms ij xbm ce}jxty bgh tmkisxmtmh {ixb xbm]JBCT* Xbm ke~mtjamjx vte~ihmh mh}cgxiej gjh bmglxb cgtm xe Itgwis gjhxelmtgxmh xbm vtelejkmh sxgy en agjy Itgwis dmyejh xbm mrvitgxiej en xbm ~isixvmtaixs }jhmt {bicb xbmy mjxmtmh xbm ce}jxty* Nm{ Itgwi tmn}kmms tmcmi~mh {et`




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OETHGJ 78

vmtaixs h}m xe d}tmg}ctgxic b}thlms gjh g hmsitm xe g~eih sikjinicgjx e~mtsxgy nijmsxbmy {e}lh bg~m xe vgy {bmj gvvlyijk net s}cb vmtaixs*

Sxgxmlmss Vmtsejs? Cixizmjsbiv is hmti~mh ejly xbte}kb xbm ngxbmt* Cbilhtmj ennmaglm cixizmjs agttimh xe jejcixizmj b}sdgjhs tmcmi~m xbm jgxiejglixy en xbm ngxbmtgjh lesm xbm tikbx xe gxxmjh v}dlic scbeel et smm` exbmt ke~mtjamjx smt~icms in xbmyhe jex belh lmkgl tmsihmjcy, {bicb a}sx dm gvvlimh net m~mty ymgt gjh is jexk}gtgjxmmh* Agttimh {eamj he jex bg~m xbm lmkgl tikbx xe xtgjsaix cixizmjsbiv xexbmit cbilhtmj* Ij vtgcxicm xbis gnnmcxs xbe}sgjhs en ngailims ij {bicb xbm ngxbmt isen Vglmsxijigj etikij* Gccethijk xe xbm lg{, xbm cgdijmx agy gvvte~m cixizmjsbivnet s}cb cbilhtmj0 be{m~mt, xbis tgtmly ecc}ttmh* Xbm v}dlic {gs jex {ihmly g{gtmen xbis amcbgjisa* [eamj agy jex vmxixiej net cixizmjsbiv net jejcixizmjb}sdgjhs, {be agy gvvly net cixizmjsbiv ejly gnxmt n}lnillijk g tmw}itmamjx en 7=ymgts cejxij}e}s tmsihmjcy* Ejcm g b}sdgjh bgs edxgijmh cixizmjsbiv, bm agy

gvvly xe xtgjsaix cixizmjsbiv xe bis cbilhtmj* Be{m~mt, ij vtgcxicm s}cb gjgvvlicgxiej agy xg`m ymgts, gjh xbm ke~mtjamjx agy hmjy xbm gvvlicgxiej*

Smcxiej 3* Tmsvmcx net Velixicgl Tikbxs? Xbm Tikbx en Cixizmjs xe Cbgjkm Xbmit

Ke~mtjamjx

Xbm lg{ hems jex vte~ihm cixizmjs xbm tikbx xe cbgjkm xbmit aejgtcb et ke~mtjamjx*Xbm `ijk gvveijxs gjh hisaissms xbm vtiam aijisxmt, cgdijmx, gjh xbm Be}sm enJexgdlms, hissel~ms vgtligamjx, gjh hitmcxs agoet v}dlic velicy ijixigxi~ms* Cixizmjsagy vgtxicivgxm ij xbm velixicgl sysxma xbte}kb xbmit mlmcxmh tmvtmsmjxgxi~ms ij xbmCbgadmt en Hmv}xims* Xbm cgdijmx, dgsmh ej xbm vtiam aijisxmtstmceaamjhgxiej, gvveijxs xbm agyets en Gaagj, [ghi A}sg "Vmxtg), gjh Gwgdg,g svmcigl mcejeaic zejm* Xbm agyets en xbm exbmt 93 a}jicivglixims gtm mlmcxmh*

Mlmcxiejs gjh Velixicgl Vgtxicivgxiej

Tmcmjx Mlmcxiejs? Ij Je~madmt 4676 xbm ce}jxty bmlh vgtligamjxgty mlmcxiejs,{bicb ijxmtjgxiejgl edsmt~mts cejsihmtmh g clmgt iavte~mamjx e~mt xbm jgxiejs466; vells* Be{m~mt, edsmt~mts tmceaamjhmh n}x}tm tmnetas s}cb gs

msxgdlisbijk gj ijhmvmjhmjx mlmcxetgl agjgkmamjx dehy, vtmvtijxijk dgllexs xeaixikgxm cejcmtjs e~mt ~exijk vtecmh}tms net xbm illixmtgxm, sxtmjkxbmjijktmvtmsmjxgxiej net gll cixizmjs, gjh ijxteh}cijk tmk}lgxiejs xe glle{ net sysxmagxicgvvmgls en xbm mlmcxiej tms}lxs* Kmttyagjhmtijk hisxticxs xe aijiaizm xbm iavgcx en~exms dy cixizmjs en Vglmsxijigj etikij ij ng~et en xtidgl ijxmtmsxs {gs g sikjinicgjxvtedlma* Xbm lg{ glle{s ~exmts xe cbeesm ejm cgjhihgxm ij xbmit hisxticx, {bicb ij




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16/30

OETHGJ 7>

ijxmtmsxs {gs {ihmsvtmgh* Xbmtm {mtm gllmkgxiejs en lgc` en xtgjsvgtmjcy ijke~mtjamjx vtec}tmamjx, ke~mtjamjx gvveijxamjxs, gjh hisv}xm smxxlmamjx*

Xbm Gjxi!Cett}vxiej Ceaaissiej "GCC) is xbm agij dehy tmsvejsidlm netceadgxijk cett}vxiej* Hmsvixm ijctmgsmh ij~msxikgxiejs seam lecgl edsmt~mtsw}msxiejmh xbm ceaaissiejs mnnmcxi~mjmss h}m xe ijs}nnicimjx sxgnn gjh xbm sagllj}admt en ij~msxikgxiejs ij~el~ijk smjiet ennicigls et lgtkm ke~mtjamjx vteomcxs*Xbmtm {mtm ctmhidlm gllmkgxiejs xbgx xbm GCC ngilmh xe ij~msxikgxm bikb!vtenilmcgsms ij~el~ijk bikb!lm~ml ke~mtjamjx ennicigls*

Xbmtm {mtm je bikb!vtenilm cej~icxiejs net cett}vxiej h}tijk xbm ymgt*

Ej Nmdt}gty 4=, ennicigls vmtaixxmh d}sijmss xyceej @bglih Sbgbij xe lmg~m vtisejxe tmcmi~m amhicgl xtmgxamjx gdtegh dmcg}sm en gj edmsixy!tmlgxmh bmglxb cejhixiej

xbgx bis vbysicigj clgiamh ce}lh jex dm xtmgxmh ij Gaagj* Xbm Sxgxm Smc}tixyCe}tx bgh smjxmjcmh Sbgbij gjh x{e exbmt netamt ennicigls xe xbtmm ymgts ij vtisejnet dtidmty tmlgxmh xe xbm Oethgj Vmxtelm}a Tmnijmty Ceavgjy ij O}ly 4676* Xbmtmlmgsm xtikkmtmh v}dlic gjkmt gnxmt vicx}tms {mtm v}dlisbmh en Sbgbij mgxijk gx gtmsxg}tgjx {ixb bis ngaily ij Lejhej* Ej G}k}sx 72, Sbgbij {gs dte}kbx dgc` xexbm ce}jxty xe ceavlmxm bis smjxmjcm*

Xbm lg{ tmw}itms cmtxgij ke~mtjamjx ennicigls xe hmclgtm xbmit gssmxs vti~gxmly* Ijxbm m~mjx en g ceavlgijx, xbm cbimn o}sxicm agy tm~im{ xbm hiscles}tms* ]jhmt xbmlg{ ngil}tm xe hisclesm gssmxs ce}lh tms}lx ij g vtisej smjxmjcm en ejm {mm` xe xbtmmymgts et g nijm en ni~m xe 466 hijgts "(; xe (426)* Gs en ymgts mjh, je ennicigls bghdmmj v}jisbmh net ngilijk xe s}daix g hiscles}tm*

Xbm lg{ vte~ihms net v}dlic gccmss xe ke~mtjamjx ijnetagxiej xbgx is g agxxmt enlmkgl tmceth d}x glle{s tmw}msxs xe dm hmjimh net tmgsejs en jgxiejgl smc}tixy,v}dlic bmglxb, gjh vmtsejgl ntmmheas* Oe}tjglisxs ctixicizmh xbm lg{, clgiaijk ixvmtaixs xbm ke~mtjamjx xe hmjy tmw}msxs {ixbe}x o}sxinicgxiej*

Smcxiej =* Ke~mtjamjxgl Gxxix}hm Tmkgthijk Ijxmtjgxiejgl gjh

Jejke~mtjamjxgl Ij~msxikgxiej en Gllmkmh ielgxiejs en B}agj Tikbxs

G j}admt en heamsxic gjh ijxmtjgxiejgl b}agj tikbxs kte}vs evmtgxmh ij xbmce}jxty {ixb seam tmsxticxiejs* Xbm lg{ ki~ms xbm ke~mtjamjx xbm gdilixy xe cejxtelJKEs ijxmtjgl gnngits, ijcl}hijk gccmvxgjcm en netmikj n}jhijk* JKEs {mtmkmjmtglly gdlm xe ij~msxikgxm gjh tmvetx v}dlicly ej b}agj tikbxs gd}sms xbte}kbe}xxbm ymgt, glxbe}kb ke~mtjamjx ennicigls {mtm jex gl{gys ceevmtgxi~m*




17/30

OETHGJ 7;

Ke~mtjamjx B}agj Tikbxs Dehims? Xbm ke~mtjamjx!n}jhmh JCBTs tmvetxijk{gs tmkgthmh gs ngitly edomcxi~m gjh ctixicgl, gldmix jejcejxte~mtsigl* Xbmke~mtjamjx smlhea ceavlimh {ixb ixs tmceaamjhgxiejs*

Smcxiej >* Hisctiaijgxiej, Secimxgl Gd}sms, gjh Xtgnnic`ijk ij Vmtsejs

Xbm cejsxix}xiej sxgxms xbgx gll cixizmjs gtm mw}gl }jhmt xbm lg{ gjh vtebidixshisctiaijgxiej dgsmh ej tgcm, lgjk}gkm, gjh tmlikiej0 be{m~mt, hisctiaijgxiej ejxbm dgsis en kmjhmt, hisgdilixy, gjh secigl sxgx}s is jex svmcinicglly vtebidixmh* Xbmvmjgl cehm hems jex ghhtmss hisctiaijgxiej, xbmtmdy sm~mtmly liaixijk o}hicigltmamhims*

[eamj

Tgvm gjh Heamsxic ielmjcm? Xbm lg{ sxiv}lgxms g smjxmjcm en gx lmgsx 76 ymgtsiavtisejamjx {ixb bgth lgdet net tgvm en g kitl et {eagj gkm 7= ymgts et elhmt*Sve}sgl tgvm is jex illmkgl* Xbm lg{ hems jex mrvlicixly dgj heamsxic ~ielmjcm*Xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex mjnetcm xbmsm lg{s mnnmcxi~mly, gjh ~ielmjcm gjh gd}smgkgijsx {eamj {gs {ihmsvtmgh* ^ielmjcm gkgijsx {eamj {gs tmvetxmh aetmntmw}mjxly ij t}tgl gtmgs xbgj ij agoet cixims, d}x {eamjs tikbxs gcxi~isxssvmc}lgxmh xbgx agjy ijcihmjxs ij cixims {mjx }jtmvetxmh gs ~ielmjcm gkgijsx{eamj tmagijmh g xgdee iss}m, h}m xe secimxgl gjh ngailigl vtmss}tms* Xbmtm {mtmje sxgxisxics g~gilgdlm tmkgthijk xbm j}admt en gd}smts vtesmc}xmh, cej~icxmh, etv}jisbmh* B}agj tikbxs gcxi~isxs sxgxmh xbgx kitls gjh {eamj {ixb hisgdilixims {mtmvgtxic}lgtly gx tis` ntea kmjhmt!dgsmh ~ielmjcm*

[eamj agy nilm ceavlgijxs en tgvm et vbysicgl gd}sm {ixb cmtxgij JKEs ethitmcxly {ixb o}hicigl g}xbetixims* H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm VSH Ngaily VtexmcxiejHmvgtxamjx "NVH) xtmgxmh gjh ij~msxikgxmh 7,64> cgsms en tgvm et smr}gl gssg}lxgkgijsx {eamj* Xbm NVH gcxi~mly ij~msxikgxmh cgsms0 be{m~mt, xbmtm {mtm seamtmvetxs en vtmss}tm ej ngailims xe smxxlm hisv}xms ~ig amhigxiej ijsxmgh en xbm ce}txs*Sve}sgl gd}sm is xmcbjicglly kte}jhs net hi~etcm, d}x b}sdgjhs cgj clgia tmlikie}s

g}xbetixy xe sxti`m xbmit {i~ms* Edsmt~mts jexmh xbgx o}hkms kmjmtglly s}vvetxmh g{eagjs clgia en gd}sm ij ce}tx0 be{m~mt, h}m xe secimxgl gjh ngailigl vtmss}tm,nm{ {eamj se}kbx lmkgl tmamhims*

Xbm NVH cejxij}mh xe evmtgxm g heamsxic ~ielmjcm bexlijm h}tijk xbm ymgt gjhtmcmi~mh ijw}itims gjh ceavlgijxs ~ig xbm Ijxmtjmx gjh m!agil* Xbm ke~mtjamjx!t}jsbmlxmt, Hgt gl![gngw, gssisxmh gvvteriagxmly =6= nmaglm ~icxias en heamsxic




18/30

OETHGJ 72

~ielmjcm h}tijk xbm ymgt* Ix vte~ihmh tmcejciligxiej smt~icms xe ~icxias gjh xbmitngailims gjh {et`mh {ixb JKEs xe vte~ihm smt~icms, s}cb gs lmkgl gjh amhicglgssisxgjcm* Be{m~mt, edsmt~mts jexmh xbm lgc` en g ceavtmbmjsi~m gvvtegcb net~icxias, gs {mll gs g jmmh xe ijctmgsm xbm j}admt en vsycbesecigl ce}jsmlets*

Bgtan}l Xtghixiejgl Vtgcxicms? Ix {gs msxiagxmh xbgx aetm xbgj 76 bejet ctiams{mtm tmvetxmh h}tijk xbm ymgt* Be{m~mt, gcxi~isxs tmvetxmh xbgx agjy s}cb ctiams{mjx }jtmvetxmh* Xbm S}vtmam Ctiaijgl Ce}txs vgjml en o}hkms hmhicgxmh xecgsms ij~el~ijk bejet ctiams te}xijmly iss}mh smjxmjcms en }v xe 7= ymgts xe bejetctiam vmtvmxtgxets* Be{m~mt, xbm Cgssgxiej Ce}tx, {bicb tm~im{s xbm S}vtmamCtiaijgl Ce}tx t}lijks, kmjmtglly hmctmgsmh xbm smjxmjcms dy bgln* Xbmtm {mtmsm~mtgl cgsms h}tijk xbm ymgt ij {bicb ngaily amadmts htevvmh xbm cbgtkms gkgijsxvmtvmxtgxets en bejet ctiams, {bicb glse tms}lxmh ij smjxmjcms dmijk c}x ij bgln netxbm vmtvmxtgxet, {be {gs enxmj g tmlgxi~m en xbm ~icxia* Ijsxgjcms en netcmh

agttigkm gs gj glxmtjgxi~m xe g vexmjxigl bejet ìllijk {mtm tmvetxmh ij t}tgl gtmgsh}tijk xbm ymgt* Edsmt~mts jexmh xbgx in g {eagj agttims bmt tgvisx, gccethijk xec}sxeagty dmlimn, bmt ngaily amadmts {e}lh jex jmmh xe ìll bmt xe vtmsmt~m xbmngailys bejet*

J}amte}s bejet ctiam cgsms {mtm tmvetxmh h}tijk xbm ymgt* Net mrgavlm, ejNmdt}gty ;, g 4>!ymgt!elh agj sxgddmh bis 36!ymgt!elh {ihe{mh sisxmt xe hmgxb ijGaagj gnxmt hisce~mtijk xbgx sbm {gs mikbx aejxbs vtmkjgjx* Xbm dtexbmt, {bex}tjmh biasmln ij xe xbm velicm, sgih xbgx bm sxgddmh bis sisxmt xe clmgjsm xbmngailys bejet* Ej Gvtil 76, xbm vtesmc}xet kmjmtgl vtmssmh cbgtkms envtmamhixgxmh a}thmt* Gx ymgts mjh xbm cgsm {gs vmjhijk*

Xbte}kb xbmit ghaijisxtgxi~m hmxmjxiej g}xbetixy, ke~mtjets cejxij}mh xe vlgcmvexmjxigl ~icxias en bejet ctiams ij ij~el}jxgty vtexmcxi~m c}sxehy ij xbm [eamjsCettmcxiejgl gjh Tmbgdilixgxiej Cmjxmt ij O{mihmb hmxmjxiej ngcilixy, {bmtm seam{eamj bgh tmagijmh net aetm xbgj ejm ymgt* Xbm ke~mtjamjx msxiagxmh xbgxgvvteriagxmly 24 {eamj {mtm vlgcmh ij vtexmcxi~m c}sxehy h}tijk xbm ymgt* Gj}admt en {eamj hmxgijmh net aetm xbgj ejm ymgt {mtm tmlmgsmh h}tijk xbm ymgt*G {eagj hmxgijmh ij vtexmcxi~m c}sxehy cgj dm tmlmgsmh ejly gnxmt bmt ngaily sikjs

g sxgxmamjx k}gtgjxmmijk bmt sgnmxy gjh dexb xbm lecgl ke~mtjet gjh xbm {eagjgktmm xe xbm tmlmgsm* H}tijk xbm ymgt xbmtm {gs gx lmgsx ejm cgsm en g {eagj dmijkìllmh gnxmt tmlmgsm ntea vtexmcxi~m c}sxehy* Ej O}jm 42, g 7;!ymgt!elh sbex bis}jagttimh sisxmt ij Xgnilmb gnxmt sbm bgh g aiscgttigkm gjh {gs tmlmgsmh dy xbmke~mtjet ntea vtexmcxi~m c}sxehy xe bmt ngaily, {be vlmhkmh jex xe bgta bmt* Xbmcgsm jm~mt {mjx xe ce}tx, gjh xbm dey {gs jex vtesmc}xmh* Ejm JKE cejxij}mh xe{et` net xbm tmlmgsm en xbmsm {eamj xbte}kb amhigxiej {ixb xbmit ngailims* Xbm




19/30

OETHGJ 79

JKE glse vte~ihmh g xmavetgty d}x }jennicigl sbmlxmt net s}cb {eamj gs gjglxmtjgxi~m xe vtexmcxi~m c}sxehy*

Smr}gl Bgtgssamjx? Gccethijk xe xbm lg{, smr}gl bgtgssamjx is sxticxly vtebidixmh*Xbm lg{ hems jex ag`m g hisxijcxiej dmx{mmj smr}gl gssg}lx gjh smr}gl bgtgssamjx0dexb cgtty g aijia}a vtisej smjxmjcm en ne}t ymgts {ixb bgth lgdet* [eamjskte}vs sxgxmh xbgx bgtgssamjx {gs ceaaej, d}x agjy ~icxias {mtm bmsixgjx xe nilmg ceavlgijx gjh tgtmly hih se dmcg}sm xbmy nmgtmh dlgam net ijcixijk xbm bgtgssamjxet cejsmw}mjcms s}cb gs lesijk xbmit oed et dmcg}sm xbmy ngcmh exbmt vtmss}tm xe`mmv silmjx* Ejm JKE tmvetx sxgxmh xbgx netmikj aiktgjx {et mts ij xbm kgtamjxsmcxet agy dm msvmciglly ~}ljmtgdlm xe smr}gl bgtgssamjx ij xbm {et`vlgcm "smmsmcxiej ;)*

Tmvteh}cxi~m Tikbxs? Ce}vlms bg~m xbm dgsic tikbx xe hmcihm ntmmly gjh tmsvejsidly

xbm j}admt, svgcijk, gjh xiaijk en xbmit cbilhtmj, gjh ijhi~ih}gls {mtm gdlm xeag`m s}cb hmcisiejs ntmm ntea hisctiaijgxiej gjh cemtciej* Cejxtgcmvxi~ms {mtmkmjmtglly gccmssidlm xe gll amj gjh {eamj, dexb agttimh gjh sijklm, gjh vte~ihmhntmm en cbgtkm ij v}dlic clijics* Ceavtmbmjsi~m mssmjxigl edsxmxtic, vtmjgxgl, gjhvesxjgxgl cgtm is vte~ihmh xbte}kbe}x xbm ce}jxty ij xbm v}dlic gjh vti~gxm smcxets*Xbm Bikbmt Ce}jcil net xbm Gnngits en Vmtsejs {ixb Hisgdilixims gjh ci~il secimxygcxi~isxs tmvetxmh xbgx netcmh sxmtilizgxiej en {eamj gjh kitls {ixb ijxmllmcx}glhisgdilixims {gs g ceaaej vtgcxicm* Xbm Bikbmt Ce}jcil tmvetxmh xbgx gjj}gllygvvteriagxmly >8 bysxmtmcxeaims {mtm vmtnetamh ej {eamj {ixb ijxmllmcx}glhisgdilixims* G besvixgl ennicigl cejnitamh xbgx xbtmm xe ne}t s}cb evmtgxiejs {mtmcejh}cxmh gjj}glly, enxmj gx xbm dmbmsx en xbm ~icxias ngailims*

Hisctiaijgxiej? [eamj mrvmtimjcmh hisctiaijgxiej ij ijbmtixgjcm, hi~etcm, gdilixyxe xtg~ml "smm glse smcxiej 4*h*), cbilh c}sxehy, cixizmjsbiv "smm smcxiej 4*h*,Sxgxmlmss Vmtsejs), vmjsiej gjh secigl smc}tixy dmjmnixs, ij cmtxgij citc}asxgjcms ijxbm ~gl}m en xbmit sbgtig ce}tx xmsxiaejy "smm smcxiej 7*m*, Xtigl Vtecmh}tms) ,gjh ijxbm {et`vlgcm*

]jhmt sbgtig "Islgaic lg{) gs gvvlimh ij xbm ce}jxty, nmaglm bmits tmcmi~m bgln xbm

gae}jx xbgx aglm bmits tmcmi~m* M~mj g selm nmaglm bmit tmcmi~ms ejly bgln en bmtvgtmjxs msxgxm, {ixb xbm dglgjcm keijk xe hmsikjgxmh aglm tmlgxi~ms, {bmtmgs g selmaglm bmit ijbmtixs gll en bis vgtmjxs vtevmtxy* [eamj agy smm` hi~etcm ejly ijtmx}tj net {gi~ijk gliaejy et exbmt nijgjcigl tikbxs* Xbm lg{ glle{s tmxmjxiej ennijgjcigl tikbxs }jhmt svmcinic citc}asxgjcms, s}cb gs sve}sgl gd}sm* Svmcigl ce}txsnet mgcb Cbtisxigj hmjeaijgxiej gho}hicgxm agttigkm gjh hi~etcm*




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OETHGJ 46

Xbm lg{ glle{s ngxbmts xe vtm~mjx xbmit cbilhtmj ntea lmg~ijk xbm ce}jxty xbte}kb gce}tx ethmt0 be{m~mt, xbis sgam ce}tx ethmt is jex g~gilgdlm xe aexbmts* Seamaexbmts clgiamh xbgx xbmy {mtm vtm~mjxmh ntea hmvgtxijk xbm ce}jxty {ixb xbmitcbilhtmj dmcg}sm g}xbetixims mjnetcmh tmw}msxs ntea ngxbmts xe vtm~mjx xbmitcbilhtmj ntea lmg~ijk* Be{m~mt, g}xbetixims hih jex sxev ngxbmts ntea mrixijk xbmce}jxty {ixb xbmit cbilhtmj {bmj xbm aexbmt edomcxmh*

Xbm ke~mtjamjx vte~ihmh amj {ixb aetm kmjmte}s secigl smc}tixy dmjmnixs xbgj ixkg~m {eamj* Xbm ke~mtjamjx cejxij}mh vmjsiej vgyamjxs en hmcmgsmh aglm ci~ilsmt~gjxs xe xbmit bmits, d}x ix hiscejxij}mh vgyamjxs xe bmits en hmcmgsmh nmaglmci~il smt~gjxs* Lg{s gjh tmk}lgxiejs ke~mtjijk bmglxb ijs}tgjcm net ci~il smt~gjxshe jex vmtaix agttimh {eamj xe mrxmjh xbmit bmglxb ijs}tgjcm ce~mtgkm xehmvmjhmjxs et sve}sms* Be{m~mt, hi~etcmh gjh {ihe{mh {eamj agy mrxmjhce~mtgkm xe xbmit cbilhtmj*

[eamjs tikbxs gcxi~isxs ceavlgijmh xbgx xbm lg{ ktgjxijk {eamj mw}gl vgy netmw}gl {et` {gs jex mjnetcmh* Agjy {eamj sgih xtghixiejgl secigl vtmss}tmshisce}tgkmh xbma ntea v}ts}ijk vtenmssiejgl cgtmmts, msvmciglly gnxmt agttigkm*

Cbilhtmj

Ditxb Tmkisxtgxiej? Cixizmjsbiv is hmti~mh ejly xbte}kb xbm ngxbmt* Xbmke~mtjamjx hih jex iss}m ditxb cmtxinicgxms xe gll cbilhtmj detj ij xbm ce}jxty h}tijkxbm ymgt* Xbm ke~mtjamjx hmmamh seam cbilhtmj!!ijcl}hijk cbilhtmj en }jagttimh{eamj et en cmtxgij ijxmtngixb agttigkms, gjh cej~mtxs ntea Islga xe gjexbmttmlikiej!!illmkixiagxm gjh hmjimh xbma vtevmt tmkisxtgxiej, ag`ijk ix hinnic}lx etiavessidlm net xbma xe gxxmjh scbeel, gccmss bmglxb smt~icms, et tmcmi~m exbmthec}amjxgxiej*

Mh}cgxiej? Mh}cgxiej is ceav}lsety ntea gkms sir xbte}kb 7> gjh ntmm }jxil gkm72* Be{m~mt, je lmkislgxiej mrisxs xe mjnetcm xbm lg{ et xe v}jisb k}gthigjs net~ielgxijk ix* Cbilhtmj {ixbe}x lmkgl tmsihmjcy he jex bg~m xbm tikbx xe gxxmjh v}dlicscbeel* Cbilhtmj en nmaglm cixizmjs gjh jejcixizmj ngxbmts, net mrgavlm, a}sx

gvvly net gjh vgy 36 hijgts "(84) net tmsihmjcy vmtaixs m~mty ymgt, gjh vmtaissiejis jex k}gtgjxmmh* Cbilhtmj {ixb hisgdilixims mrvmtimjcmh mrxtmam hinnic}lxy ijgccmssijk cejsxix}xiejglly k}gtgjxmmh mgtly gjh vtiagty mh}cgxiej "smm smcxiej >0Vmtsejs {ixb Hisgdilixims)*

Cbilh Gd}sm? Xbm lg{ svmcinims v}jisbamjx net gd}sm en cbilhtmj* Net mrgavlm,cej~icxiej net tgvm en g cbilh ye}jkmt xbgj 7= ymgts vexmjxiglly cgttims xbm hmgxb




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OETHGJ 47

vmjglxy* Be{m~mt, lecgl etkgjizgxiejs {et`ijk {ixb gd}smh cbilhtmj veijxmh xekgvs ij xbm lmkgl sysxma xbgx tmk}lgtly tms}lxmh ij lmjimjx smjxmjcijk, vgtxic}lgtlynet ngaily amadmts cej~icxmh en gd}sm* Net mrgavlm, xbm vmjgl cehm ki~ms o}hkmsxbm gdilixy xe tmh}cm g smjxmjcm {bmj xbm ~icxias ngaily hems jex vtmss cbgtkms*Ij cbilh gd}sm cgsms, o}hkms te}xijmly gccethmh lmjimjcy vmt xbm {isbms en xbmngaily* Ntea Ogj}gty xe G}k}sx 37, g}xbetixims ij~msxikgxmh 349 cgsms en cbilhsmr}gl gd}sm gjh 2; cgsms en cbilh vbysicgl gd}sm0 xbmsm cgsms {mtm gll tmnmttmh xexbm ce}txs* G 4669 ]JICMN tmvetx sxgxmh xbgx ;7 vmtcmjx en cbilhtmj {mtms}domcxmh xe ~mtdgl gd}sm gjh =; vmtcmjx bgh mrvmtimjcmh seam neta en vbysicglgd}sm ij scbeel*

Gccethijk xe xbm JCBT tmvetx, seam o}~mjilms ij hmxmjxiej gllmkmh xetx}tm gjhaisxtmgxamjx "smm smcxiej 7*c*, Vtisej gjh Hmxmjxiej Cmjxmt Cejhixiejs)*

Xbm ke~mtjamjx cejxij}mh xe n}jh g cbilh vtexmcxiej cmjxmt xbgx vte~ihmhxmavetgty sbmlxmt gjh amhicgl cgtm net gd}smh cbilhtmj dmx{mmj xbm gkms en sir gjh74* H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm sbmlxmt be}smh ;3 gd}smh cbilhtmj* Edsmt~mts jexmh xbgxxbm sbmlxmt lgc`mh w}glinimh sxgnn, vsycbesecigl ce}jsmlets, gjh g ceavtmbmjsi~mgvvtegcb xe hmgl {ixb ~icxias en gd}sm*

Cbilh Agttigkm? Xbm aijia}a gkm net agttigkm is 72* Be{m~mt, {ixb xbm cejsmjxen dexb g o}hkm gjh g k}gthigj, g cbilh gs ye}jk gs 7=, ij aesx cgsms g kitl, agy dmagttimh* O}hicigl sxgxisxics ijhicgxmh xbgx ij 4676 o}hkms ktgjxmh cejsmjx ij 2,684cgsms ij {bicb gx lmgsx ejm vmtsej {gs dmx{mmj 7= gjh 72 ymgts elh*

Ijxmtjgxiejgl Cbilh Gdh}cxiej? Xbm ce}jxty is jex g vgtxy xe xbm 7926 Bgk}mCej~mjxiej ej xbm Ci~il Gsvmcxs en Ijxmtjgxiejgl Cbilh Gdh}cxiej* Netijnetagxiej smm xbm Hmvgtxamjx en Sxgxms tmvetx ej ceavligjcm gxbxxv?%%xtg~ml*sxgxm*ke~%gdh}cxiej%ce}jxty%ce}jxtyU3;27*bxal*

Gjxi!Smaixisa

Gjxi!Smaixisa {gs vtmsmjx ij xbm amhig* Mhixetigl cgtxeejs, gtxiclms, gjh evijiej

vimcms seamxiams jmkgxi~mly hmvicxmh Om{s {ixbe}x ke~mtjamjx tmsvejsm* Gsihmntea mrvgxtigxms, xbmtm {gs je tmsihmjx Om{isb ceaa}jixy ij xbm ce}jxty* Xbmjgxiejgl scbeel c}ttic}l}a, ijcl}hijk agxmtigls ej xelmtgjcm mh}cgxiej, hih jexijcl}hm amjxiej en xbm Belecg}sx*

Ij Je~madmt xbm hgily jm{svgvmtGl!Gtgd Gl!Yg{a v}dlisbmh g cel}aj ij {bicbxbm {tixmt dlgamh xbm Om{s net cg}sijk gll xbm cejnlicxs ij xbm {etlh*


http://travel.state.gov/abduction/country/country_3781.htmlhttp://travel.state.gov/abduction/country/country_3781.html


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OETHGJ 44

Xtgnnic`ijk ij Vmtsejs

Smm xbm Hmvgtxamjx en Sxgxms Xtgnnic`ijk ij Vmtsejs Tmvetxgx{{{*sxgxm*ke~%o%xiv*

Vmtsejs {ixb Hisgdilixims

Xbm lg{ kmjmtglly vte~ihms mw}gl tikbxs xe vmtsejs {ixb hisgdilixims, d}x s}cb lmkglvtexmcxiejs {mtm jex }vbmlh ij vtgcxicm* Gcxi~isxs jexmh xbgx xbm 466; lg{ ej xbmtikbxs en vmtsejs {ixb hisgdilixims sxill lgc`mh iavlmamjxijk tmk}lgxiejs* XbmBikbmt Ce}jcil net xbm Gnngits en Vmevlm {ixb Hisgdilixims "BCGVH), g ke~mtjamjxdehy, {et`s {ixb aijisxtims, xbm vti~gxm smcxet, gjh JKEs xe neta}lgxm gjhiavlmamjx sxtgxmkims xe gssisx vmtsejs {ixb hisgdilixims* H}tijk xbm vgtligamjxgty

mlmcxiejs ij 4676, xbm Aijisxty en Ijxmtiet iss}mh vtecmh}tms net mlmcxiejs xe ijcl}hmvte~isiejs xe k}gtgjxmm xbm gccmssidilixy en cmtxgij vellijk sxgxiejs gjh glle{vmevlm {ixb ~is}gl iavgitamjx xe dtijk g vmtsejgl gssisxgjx {ixb xbma {bmj xbmy~exm* Cixizmjs gjh JKEs }ji~mtsglly tmvetxmh xbgx vmtsejs {ixb hisgdilixims ngcmhvtedlmas gccmssijk mh}cgxiej, xtgjsvetxgxiej, gjh exbmt smt~icms, vgtxic}lgtly ijt}tgl gtmgs*

Xbm BCGVH tmvetxmh xbgx mh}cgxiejgl gcceaaehgxiejs {mtm aetm tmghilyg~gilgdlm gx xbm }ji~mtsixy lm~ml xbgj ij mlmamjxgty gjh smcejhgty scbeels* Gx glllm~mls en mh}cgxiej, cbilhtmj {ixb cmtxgij xyvms en hisgdilixims {mtm mrcl}hmh nteasx}hyijk cmtxgij s}domcxs gjh enxmj ce}lh jex gccmss ctixicgl mh}cgxiejgl s}vvetxsmt~icms, s}cb gs sikj lgjk}gkm ijxmtvtmxgxiej* Kmjmtgl mh}cgxiej xmgcbmts {mtm jexxtgijmh xe {et` {ixb sx}hmjxs {ixb ~gtie}s hisgdilixims0 ngailims en cbilhtmj {ixbhisgdilixims tmvetxmh xbgx xmgcbmts gjh vtijcivgls enxmj tmn}smh xe ijcl}hm cbilhtmj{ixb hisgdilixims ij agijsxtmga clgssteeas* Xbm Aijisxty en Mh}cgxiej vte~ihmhgccmssidlm xtgjsvetxgxiej xe svmciglizmh cmjxmts net cbilhtmj {ixb hisgdilixims d}x jexxe agijsxtmga scbeels* Sx}hmjxs {ixb ijxmllmcx}gl hisgdilixims nmll }jhmt xbmg}xbetixy en xbm Aijisxty en Secigl Hm~mlevamjx tgxbmt xbgj xbm Aijisxty enMh}cgxiej*

Xbm Svmcigl D}ilhijks Cehm Hmvgtxamjx is xgs`mh {ixb mjnetcijk gccmssidilixyvte~isiejs gjh e~mtsmms tmxtenixxijk en mrisxijk d}ilhijks xe ceavly {ixb d}ilhijkcehms* Xbm ~gsx agoetixy en vti~gxm gjh v}dlic ennicm d}ilhijks cejxij}mh xe bg~mliaixmh et je gccmss net vmtsejs {ixb hisgdilixims0 a}jicivgl ijntgsxt}cx}tm s}cb gssxtmmxs, sihm{gl`s, gjh ijxmtsmcxiejs {mtm jex gccmssidlm*


http://www.state.gov/j/tiphttp://www.state.gov/j/tiphttp://www.state.gov/j/tip


23/30

OETHGJ 43

Xbm lg{ agjhgxms xbgx v}dlic gjh vti~gxm smcxet msxgdlisbamjxs {ixb dmx{mmj 4=gjh =6 {et`mts mavley gx lmgsx ejm vmtsej {ixb hisgdilixims, gjh msxgdlisbamjxs{ixb aetm xbgj =6 {et`mts a}sx tmsmt~m 8 vmtcmjx en xbmit vesixiejs net vmtsejs{ixb hisgdilixims* Be{m~mt, xbm lg{ lgc`mh iavlmamjxijk tmk}lgxiejs gjh {gstgtmly mjnetcmh0 ij ghhixiej, mavleymts {be sxgxm xbgx xbm jgx}tm en xbm {et` is jexs}ixgdlm net vmevlm {ixb hisgdilixims gtm mrmavx ntea xbm w}exg* G ~gtimxy engcxi~ixims, ijcl}hijk evmjijk gjh }sijk dgj` gcce}jxs gjh gvvlyijk net g oed,tmw}itm g amhicgl lmxxmt cmtxinyijk xbgx xbm dmgtmt is ceavmxmjx xe vmtneta xbm xgs`ij w}msxiej* B}agj tikbxs gcxi~isxs cejsihmtmh xbm lmxxmt g lgtkm dgttimt xevgtxicivgxiej ij v}dlic linm0 seam amhicgl vtenmssiejgls {mtm jex g{gtm en xbm n}lltgjkm en gcceaaehgxiejs g~gilgdlm gjh xb}s cmtxinimh ijhi~ih}gls gs jex gdlm xevmtneta cmtxgij xgs`s* H}tijk xbm ymgt sm~mtgl ijhi~ih}gls {ixb ~is}gl iavgitamjxtmvetxmh xbgx xbmy se}kbx mavleyamjx gs xmgcbmts d}x {mtm tmomcxmh ej xbm dgsis enxbmit hisgdilixy gjh {mtm hitmcxmh ijsxmgh xe xmgcbijk gssisxgjx gjh exbmt s}vvetxijk

vesixiejs net {bicb xbmy {mtm e~mtw}glinimh*

Xbm netcmh sxmtilizgxiej en {eamj gjh kitls {ixb ijxmllmcx}gl hisgdilixims {gs gceaaej vtgcxicm h}tijk xbm ymgt "smm [eamj)*

B}agj tikbxs gcxi~isxs gjh xbm amhig tmvetxmh xbgx cbilhtmj gjh gh}lxs {ixbhisgdilixims {mtm ~}ljmtgdlm xe vbysicgl gjh smr}gl gd}sm {bilm ij ijsxix}xiejs,tmbgdilixgxiej cmjxmts, et exbmt cgtm smxxijks, ijcl}hijk xbmit ngaily beams "smmsmcxiej 7*c*)*

Jgxiejgl%Tgcigl%Mxbjic Aijetixims

Xbmtm {mtm xbtmm kte}vs en Vglmsxijigjs tmsihijk ij xbm ce}jxty, agjy en {beangcmh seam hisctiaijgxiej* Xbesm {be aiktgxmh xe xbm ce}jxty gjh xbm Oethgj!cejxtellmh [msx Dgj` gnxmt xbm 7982 Gtgd!Istgmli {gt tmcmi~mh n}ll cixizmjsbiv, gshih xbesm {be aiktgxmh xe xbm ce}jxty gnxmt xbm 79>; {gt gjh belh je tmsihmjcymjxixlmamjx ij xbm [msx Dgj`* Vglmsxijigjs sxill tmsihijk ij xbm [msx Dgj` gnxmt79>; {mtm je lejkmt mlikidlm xe clgia n}ll cixizmjsbiv d}x {mtm glle{mh xe edxgijxmavetgty xtg~ml hec}amjxs {ixbe}x jgxiejgl ihmjxinicgxiej j}admts vte~ihmh xbmy

hih jex glse cgtty g Vglmsxijigj G}xbetixy xtg~ml hec}amjx* Xbmsm ijhi~ih}gls bghgccmss xe seam ke~mtjamjx smt~icms d}x vgih jejcixizmj tgxms gx besvixgls,mh}cgxiejgl ijsxix}xiejs, gjh xtgijijk cmjxmts* Tmn}kmms {be nlmh Kgzg gnxmt 79>;{mtm jex mjxixlmh xe cixizmjsbiv gjh {mtm iss}mh xmavetgty xtg~ml hec}amjxs{ixbe}x jgxiejgl j}admts* Xbmsm vmtsejs bgh je gccmss xe ke~mtjamjx smt~icmsgjh {mtm glaesx ceavlmxmly hmvmjhmjx ej ]JT[G smt~icms*




24/30

OETHGJ 48

Sm~mtgl b}agj tikbxs etkgjizgxiejs sxgxmh xbgx xbm Aijisxty en Ijxmtiet tm~e`mhjgxiejgl j}admts en seam lejkxiam cixizmjs en Vglmsxijigj etikij h}tijk xbm ymgt,hmsvixm cehinimh vgssvetx iss}gjcm vtecmh}tms "smm smcxiej 4*h*)*

Vglmsxijigjs {mtm }jhmttmvtmsmjxmh ij vgtligamjx gjh smjiet vesixiejs ij xbmke~mtjamjx gjh xbm ailixgty, gs {mll gs ij ghaissiejs xe v}dlic }ji~mtsixims* Xbmybgh liaixmh gccmss xe }ji~mtsixy scbelgtsbivs*

Secimxgl Gd}sms, Hisctiaijgxiej, gjh Gcxs en ielmjcm Dgsmh ej Smr}gl

Etimjxgxiej gjh Kmjhmt Ihmjxixy

Beaesmr}glixy is jex illmkgl ij Oethgj0 be{m~mt, secimxgl hisctiaijgxiej gkgijsxLKDX vmtsejs mrisxmh* G j}admt en cixizmjs tmvetxmh svetghic velicmaisxtmgxamjx en s}svmcxmh LKDX vmtsejs* Seam amadmts en xbm LKDX

ceaa}jixy tmvetxmh g tml}cxgjcm xe mjkgkm xbm lmkgl sysxma net nmgt xbgx xbmitsmr}glixy {e}lh dmceam gj iss}m* Xbmtm {mtm tmvetxs en ijhi~ih}gls {be lmnx xbmce}jxty h}m xe nmgt xbmit ngailims {e}lh v}jisb xbma net xbmit smr}gl etimjxgxiej*

Exbmt Secimxgl ielmjcm et Hisctiaijgxiej

BI^%GIHS {gs g lgtkmly xgdee s}domcx* Lgc` en v}dlic g{gtmjmss tmagijmh gvtedlma0 agjy cixizmjs dmlim~mh xbm hismgsm mrcl}si~mly gnnmcxmh netmikjmts gjhamadmts en xbm LKDX ceaa}jixy* BI^!vesixi~m ijhi~ih}gls {mtm secigllysxikagxizmh* Xbm ke~mtjamjx cejxij}mh ixs mnnetxs xe ijneta xbm v}dlic gde}x xbmhismgsm gjh mliaijgxm jmkgxi~m gxxix}hms gde}x vmtsejs {ixb BI^%GIHS0 be{m~mt, ixglse cejxij}mh xe xmsx gll netmikjmts gjj}glly net BI^%GIHS, bmvgxixis D, syvbilis,aglgtig, gjh x}dmtc}lesis, gjh ix hmvetxmh xbesm {be xmsxmh BI^!vesixi~m*

Smcxiej ;* [et`mt Tikbxs

g* Ntmmhea en Gssecigxiej gjh xbm Tikbx xe Cellmcxi~m Dgtkgijijk

Xbm lg{ vte~ihms cixizmjs {et`ijk ij xbm vti~gxm smcxet, ij seam ke~mtjamjx!

e{jmh ceavgjims, gjh ij cmtxgij v}dlic smcxet vtenmssiejs xbm tikbx xe neta gjhoeij }jiejs* Xbm lg{ hmnijms 7; ijh}sxtims gjh vtenmssiejs ij {bicb }jiejs agy dmmsxgdlisbmh, gjh msxgdlisbamjx en jm{ }jiejs tmw}itms gvvte~gl ntea xbm Aijisxtyen Lgdet* Xbm lg{ tmw}itms gll }jiejs xe dmlejk xe xbm ke~mtjamjx!s}dsihizmhKmjmtgl Nmhmtgxiej en Oethgjigj Xtghm ]jiejs "KNOX]), xbm ce}jxtys selm xtghm}jiej nmhmtgxiej* Glxbe}kb netmikj {et`mts bg~m dmmj glle{mh xe oeij }jiejssijcm 4676, xbmy gtm jex vmtaixxmh xe ctmgxm }jiejs, bmgh g }jiej, et belh }jiej




25/30

OETHGJ 4=

ennicm* Xbmtm is je tikbx xe cellmcxi~m dgtkgijijk* Xbm lgdet cehm vte~ihms netcellmcxi~m gktmmamjxs, d}x edsmt~mts sxgxmh xbgx xbm tmlm~gjx lmkgl vtecmh}tms gtmc}admtseam* Xbmtm gtm liaixs ej xbm tikbx xe sxti`m, ijcl}hijk g aijia}a 78 hgysjexicm xe xbm mavleymt* Sxti`ms gtm vtebidixmh in g lgdet hisv}xm is }jhmt amhigxiejet gtdixtgxiej* Xbm cejsxix}xiej vtebidixs gjxi}jiej hisctiaijgxiej*

Ej Smvxmadmt >, gnxmt hmcghms en cgavgikjs dy v}dlic scbeel xmgcbmts, xbmke~mtjamjx gjje}jcmh g jm{ lg{ xe msxgdlisb g xmgcbmts vtenmssiejgl gssecigxiej0be{m~mt, xbm lg{ ag`ms amadmtsbiv ij xbm jm{ gssecigxiej agjhgxety* Xbm lg{tm~mtsmh g 7998 hmcisiej dy xbm Bikbmt Ce}jcil net xbm Ijxmtvtmxgxiej en xbmCejsxix}xiej xbgx tmsxticxmh ci~il smt~gjxs ntea etkgjizijk*

Ke~mtjamjx ijnl}mjcm ij }jiej velicims gjh gcxi~ixims cejxij}mh* Xbm ke~mtjamjxs}dsihizmh gjh g}hixmh xbm KNOX]s sglgtims gjh gcxi~ixims gjh aejixetmh }jiej

mlmcxiejs* Xbm aijisxmt en lgdet agy smm` o}hicigl hissel}xiej en g lgdet }jiej xbgxngils xe cejneta xe xbm lg{*

Ej G}k}sx 73, g kte}v en lgdet gcxi~isxs gjje}jcmh xbm netagxiej en g jm{ }jiejnmhmtgxiej e}xsihm en xbm KNOX] sxt}cx}tm, ij cejxtg~mjxiej en xbm lgdet lg{* EjJe~madmt 4=, xbm aijisxmt en lgdet gssmtxmh xbgx gjy }jiej xbgx etkgjizms ij g{et`vlgcm gltmghy ngllijk }jhmt xbm o}tishicxiej en ejm en xbm 7; xtghm }jiejs{e}lh dm illmkgl0 be{m~mt, je n}txbmt gcxiej {gs xg`mj gkgijsx xbm jgscmjxijhmvmjhmjx }jiej nmhmtgxiej et ixs amadmts dy xbm mjh en xbm ymgt*

Ij vtgcxicm sxti`ms kmjmtglly ecc}ttmh {ixbe}x gh~gjcm jexicm, gjh xbm }jiej et{et`mts tmw}msxmh vmjglxy {gi~mts net xbm illmkgl sxti`m gs vgtx en s}dsmw}mjx lgdetjmkexigxiejs*

Netmikj {et`mts ij xbm kgtamjx smcxet, {besm tmsihmjcy vmtaixs gtm ximh xe {et`cejxtgcxs, {mtm ~}ljmtgdlm xe tmxgligxiej net vgtxicivgxijk ij sxti`ms gjh six!ijs* XbmAijisxty en Lgdet seamxiams vtm~mjxmh agjgkmamjx ntea gtdixtgtily hisaissijknetmikj {et`mts mjkgkmh ij lgdet et exbmt gcxi~isa, d}x ixs mjkgkmamjx {gsijcejsisxmjx* Edsmt~mts tmvetxmh ix {gs ceaaej vtgcxicm net agjgkmamjx xe

tmn}sm xe tmjm{ netmikj {et`mts cejxtgcxs ej xbm dgsis en xte}dlmag`ijk etgxxmavxijk xe etkgjizm ij xbm {et`vlgcm* Lgdet etkgjizgxiejs tmvetxmhagjgkmamjx ennicigls ij xbm kgtamjx smcxet bglxmh xbm vte~isiej en amgls gjh}xilixims xe {et`mt hetaixetims h}tijk xbm ymgt xe dtmg` }v sm~mtgl sxti`ms hmmamhillmkgl h}m xe lgc` en vtiet jexicm* Lgdet etkgjizgxiejs tmvetxmh xbgx agjgkmamjxtmvtmsmjxgxi~ms }smh xbtmgxs gjh vbysicgl ~ielmjcm xe ijxiaihgxm sxti`ijk {et`mts0lgdet etkgjizgxiejs gjh ijh}sxty tmvtmsmjxgxi~ms tmvetxmh xbgx {et`mts glse




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OETHGJ 4>

seamxiams }smh xbtmgxs gjh vbysicgl ~ielmjcm xe tmxgligxm gkgijsx agjgkmamjxennicigls et xe cemtcm cellmgk}ms ijxe vgtxicivgxijk ij lgdet gcxiejs* Xbm lg{ glle{smavleymts xe cejsihmt mavleyamjx cejxtgcxs net netmikj {et`mts ~eih in g {et`mtis gdsmjx aetm xbgj 76 cejsmc}xi~m hgys, gs lejk gs xbm mavleymt vte~ihms {tixxmjjexicm0 h}tijk xbm ymgt hezmjs en {et`mts {mtm tmvetxmhly hmvetxmh }jhmt xbisvte~isiej ij xbm {g`m en sxti`ms* Ke~mtjets bg~m dtegh g}xbetixy xe hmvetx netmikjjgxiejgls gcc}smh en vesijk g smc}tixy xbtmgx0 ejm sxti`m lmghmt {gs hmvetxmh }jhmtcbgtkms ijcl}hijk xbmnx gjh illmkglly xtghijk ij glcebel, dy gj ethmt en xbm ke~mtjet,sikjmh dy xbm aijisxmt en ijxmtiet*

Xbm Aijisxty en Lgdet tmcmi~mh je ceavlgijxs en gjxi}jiej hisctiaijgxiej h}tijkxbm ymgt0 be{m~mt, seam jej}jiejizmh {et`mts gllmkmh tmxgligxiej ntea mavleymts*Xbis {gs vgtxic}lgtly xbm cgsm net netmikj {et`mts ij gll smcxets gs {mll gs cixizmjs{et`ijk ij xbm v}dlic smcxet ej sbetx!xmta cejxtgcxs "hgy lgdetmts)* Xbm Aijisxty

en Lgdet hih jex bg~m g velicy en ij~msxikgxijk xbm jejtmjm{gl en sbetx!xmtacejxtgcxs ej xbm dgsis en gjxi}jiej gjia}s*

d* Vtebidixiej en Netcmh et Ceav}lsety Lgdet

Xbm cejsxix}xiej vtebidixs netcmh et ceav}lsety lgdet, mrcmvx ij g sxgxm enmamtkmjcy s}cb gs {gt et jgx}tgl hisgsxmt* Be{m~mt, xbmtm {mtm tmvetxs en netcmhlgdet, vgtxic}lgtly gaejk heamsxic {et`mts* Xbm lgdet cehm hems jex mnnmcxi~mlyvtexmcx heamsxic {et`mts, gjh lgdet ijsvmcxets hih jex tmk}lgtly ij~msxikgxm tmvetxsen lgdet et exbmt gd}sms en heamsxic {et`mts ij vti~gxm beams* Xbm lgdetijsvmcxetgxm tmvetxmh xbgx xbm heamsxic {et`mt }jix mjxmtmh gjh ijsvmcxmh sm~mjvti~gxm tmsihmjcms h}tijk xbm ymgt*

Seam aiktgjxs {et`ijk gs heamsxic smt~gjxs ij xbm ce}jxty {mtm s}domcxmh xecejhixiejs en netcmh lgdet, ijcl}hijk {ixbbelhijk en vgssvetxs, tmsxticxiejs ejae~mamjx, jejvgyamjx en {gkms, xbtmgxs, mrcmssi~mly lejk {et` be}ts, gjhvbysicgl et smr}gl gd}sm*

[et`mts mjce}jxmtmh cejhixiejs ijhicgxi~m en netcmh lgdet ij seam kgtamjx smcxet

ngcxetims, ijcl}hijk lgxm et jejvgyamjx en {gkms, tmsxticxiejs ej ntmmhea enae~mamjx, gjh mrcmssi~m e~mtxiam* Xbm ke~mtjamjx gcxi~mly ijsvmcxmh ngcxetimsgjh ij~msxikgxmh gllmkgxiejs en netcmh lgdet ij kgtamjx ngcxetims, gjh tmvetxs en{ixbbelhijk en vgssvetxs cejxij}mh xe hmclijm h}tijk xbm ymgt* Xbm Aijisxty enLgdet tmceaamjhmh xe xbm lgdet ce}txs xbm iavesixiej en nijms ej ~ielgxets {bmjgvvtevtigxm* Xbm lgdet ijsvmcxetgxm sxgxmh xbgx ijsvmcxets ~isixmh =7,>>7{et`vlgcms h}tijk xbm ymgt, ijcl}hijk 7>7 jikbx ~isixs xe ngcxetims ij xbm W}glinimh




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OETHGJ 4;

Ijh}sxtigl _ejms "WI_s)* Ijsvmcxets iss}mh 4,;62 {gtjijks gjh 78,=43 cixgxiejs net~ielgxiejs*

Xbm ke~mtjamjx hih jex tmk}lgtly gjh sysxmagxicglly sctmmj xbith!ce}jxty aiktgjx{et`mts sbmlxmtijk gx xbmit madgssims et xbith ce}jxty jgxiejgls gttmsxmh dy xbmvelicm xe smm in xbmy {mtm ~icxias en xtgnnicìjk ij vmtsejs*

Glse smm xbm Hmvgtxamjx en Sxgxms Xtgnnicìjk ij Vmtsejs Tmvetxgx{{{*sxgxm*ke~%o%xiv*

c* Vtebidixiej en Cbilh Lgdet gjh Aijia}a Gkm net Mavleyamjx

Xbm lg{ netdihs mavleyamjx en cbilhtmj ye}jkmt xbgj 7> ymgts en gkm, mrcmvx gsgvvtmjxicms ij jejbgzgthe}s vesixiejs* Xbm lg{ vte~ihms xbgx mavleymts {be bitm

g cbilh ye}jkmt xbgj 7> a}sx vgy g nijm en gs a}cb gs =66 hijgts "(;76), {bicb ishe}dlmh net tmvmgx ennmjsms* Xbm lg{ dgjs xbesm dmx{mmj xbm gkms en 7> gjh 72ntea {etìjk ij vexmjxiglly bgzgthe}s oeds, liaixs {etìjk be}ts net s}cb cbilhtmjxe sir be}ts vmt hgy, agjhgxms ejm!be}t dtmg`s net m~mty ne}t cejsmc}xi~m {etìjkbe}ts, gjh vtebidixs xbmsm cbilhtmj ntea {etìjk gnxmt 2 v*a* ej jgxiejgl ettmlikie}s belihgys gjh ej {mm`mjhs* Ej O}ly 43, xbm Aijisxty en Lgdet mrvgjhmhxbm lisx en vexmjxiglly bgzgthe}s oeds xe ijcl}hm {et` ij~el~ijk mrvlesi~m etnlgaagdlm agxmtigls0 aijijk0 {et` xbgx tmw}itms svmcigl vtexmcxi~m kmgt0 {etìj~el~ijk sbgtv agcbijms, sctm{s, et mlmcxtic dmlxs0 gjh {et` ij~el~ijk mrves}tm xextgnnic et exbmt ae~ijk ~mbiclms, cgtvmjxty, amcbgjicgl {et`, {mlhijk, gjhdlgc`saixbijk* Glse ijcl}hmh gtm smt~icm oeds ij~el~ijk {et` {ixb xbm mlhmtly,ghhicxs, et vmevlm {ixb amjxgl illjmssms*

Ij vtgcxicm cbilhtmj {et`mh ij amcbgjicgl tmvgit, gktic}lx}tm, cejsxt}cxiej, gjh xbmbexml gjh tmsxg}tgjx ijh}sxty0 ij xbm ijnetagl smcxet gs sxtmmx ~mjhets, cgtvmjxmts,dlgc`saixbs, heamsxic {et`mts, gjh vgijxmts0 gjh ij sagll ngaily d}sijmssms*Cbilh lgdet gvvmgtmh cejcmjxtgxmh ij lgtkmt cixims, s}cb gs Gaagj, _gtwg, gjhItdih* G 4662 Hmvgtxamjx en Sxgxisxics sx}hy msxiagxmh xbgx aetm xbgj 34,666cbilhtmj dmx{mmj xbm gkms en ni~m gjh 7; {mtm {etìjk ij xbm ce}jxty* Gcxi~isxs

msxiagxmh xbm j}admt xe dm sikjinicgjxly bikbmt, gs agjy d}sijmssms gjh ngailimsxmjhmh xe bihm xbm vtgcxicm* Xbm ke~mtjamjx lgc`mh tmcmjx sxgxisxics ej xbmvtedlma*

H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm Aijisxty en Lgdet iss}mh >24 cettmcxi~m jexicms, 494 {gtjijks,gjh >; cixgxiejs net ~ielgxiejs xbgx ij~el~mh cbilh lgdetmts* Xbm Aijisxty enLgdets Cbilh Lgdet ]jix ceethijgxms ke~mtjamjx gcxiej tmkgthijk cbilh lgdet gjh


http://www.state.gov/j/tiphttp://www.state.gov/j/tiphttp://www.state.gov/j/tip


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OETHGJ 42

tmcmi~ms, ij~msxikgxms, gjh ghhtmssms cbilh lgdet ceavlgijxs* Xbm }jix, {ixb xbtmmmavleymms, ceethijgxmh cbilh lgdet ijsvmcxiejs net xbm 736 lgdet ijsvmcxets* Lgdetijsvmcxets iss}mh nijms net cbilh lgdet ~ielgxiejs d}x tmvetxmhly gxxmavxmhglxmtjgxi~m gvvtegcbms nitsx, s}cb gs mjs}tijk sgnm {et` cejhixiejs gjh ceevmtgxijk{ixb mavleymts xe vmtaix {et`ijk cbilhtmj xe gxxmjh scbeel cejc}ttmjxly*

Ij 4669 xbm ke~mtjamjx tmijsxgxmh xbm Jgxiejgl Ceaaixxmm xe Ceadgx Cbilh Lgdetgjh ijixigxmh hm~mlevamjx en g jm{ jgxiejgl sxtgxmky0 h}tijk xbm ymgt xbmke~mtjamjx xee` sxmvs xe iavlmamjx vetxiejs en xbis sxtgxmky ij ceevmtgxiej {ixbsm~mtgl JKEs* E~mtgll, xbm ke~mtjamjxs cgvgcixy xe iavlmamjx gjh mjnetcm cbilhlgdet lg{s {gs jex s}nnicimjx xe hmxmt xbm vtgcxicm*

h* Gccmvxgdlm Cejhixiejs en [et`

H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm jgxiejgl aijia}a {gkm {gs 7=6 hijgts "(474) vmt aejxb, gjhxbm ve~mtxy lm~ml {gs smx gx 343 hijgts "(8==) vmt aejxb net g ngaily en sir*Aijisxty en Lgdet ijsvmcxets mjnetcmh xbm aijia}a {gkm d}x {mtm }jgdlm xemjs}tm n}ll ceavligjcm h}m xe liaixmh tmse}tcms* Xbm kgtamjx smcxet gjh {et mtsij heamsxic oeds hih jex tmcmi~m xbm 4662 aijia}a {gkm ijctmgsm0 xbmsm {et`mtsbgh g aijia}a {gkm en 776 hijgts "(7==) vmt aejxb* Xbis mrmavxiej {gsktgjxmh ij vgtx dmcg}sm en gj }jhmtsxgjhijk xbgx mavleymts enxmj vte~ihm teea gjhdegth net {et`mts ij xbmsm smcxets* Be{m~mt, seam kgtamjx ngcxetims cejxij}mh xehmh}cx teea gjh degth ntea {et`mts gltmghy dmle{!aijia}a!{gkm sglgtims*Agjy heamsxic {et`mts tmvetxmh xe lecgl JKEs gjh xbmit madgssims xbgx xbmytmcmi~mh ijs}nnicimjx neeh, je vti~gxm gcceaaehgxiejs, gjh lejk hmlgys ijvgyamjx*

Xbm lg{ tmw}itms e~mtxiam vgy net be}ts {et`mh ij mrcmss en xbm 82!be}t sxgjhgth{et`{mm`* Xbm lg{ vmtaixs ceav}lsety e~mtxiam }jhmt cmtxgij citc}asxgjcmss}cb gs cejh}cxijk gj gjj}gl ij~mjxety, clesijk gcce}jxs, vtmvgtijk xe smll keehsgx hisce}jxmh vticms, g~eihijk less xe keehs xbgx {e}lh exbmt{ism dm mrvesmh xehgagkm, gjh tmcmi~ijk svmcigl hmli~mtims* Ij s}cb cgsms gcx}gl {et`ijk be}ts agyjex mrcmmh 76 be}ts vmt hgy, xbm mavleymm a}sx dm vgih e~mtxiam, gjh xbm vmtieh

agy jex lgsx aetm xbgj 36 hgys* Xbmtm is je cgv ej xbm gae}jx en cejsmjs}gle~mtxiam* Xb}s xbm Aijisxty en Lgdet vmtaixxmh mavleymms ij seam ijh}sxtims,s}cb gs xbm kgtamjx smcxet, xe {et` mrcmssi~m {et`{mm`s, tmvetxmhly gs a}cb gs26!766 be}ts vmt {mm`* Mavleymms cgj lehkm g ceavlgijx hitmcxly {ixb xbmAijisxty en Lgdet et xbte}kb etkgjizgxiejs s}cb gs xbmit }jiej et xbm JCBT*Mavleymms gtm mjxixlmh xe ejm hgy enn vmt {mm`* Vte~isiejs net heamsxic {et`mts{mtm siailgt*




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OETHGJ 49

Xbm lg{ svmcinims g j}admt en bmglxb gjh sgnmxy tmw}itmamjxs xbgx xbm Aijisxty enLgdet is g}xbetizmh xe mjnetcm0 be{m~mt, {et`mts he jex bg~m g sxgx}xety tikbx xetmae~m xbmasml~ms ntea bgzgthe}s cejhixiejs {ixbe}x tis`ijk xbm less en xbmit oedsgjh agy dm nitmh in xbmy gxxmavx xe he se* Netmikj {et`mts, {be ag`m }v xbm ~gsxagoetixy en {et`mts ij xbm WI_ kgtamjx ngcxetims gjh Mrvetx Vtecmssijk _ejms,{mtm aetm s}scmvxidlm xe hgjkmte}s et }jngit cejhixiejs, ijcl}hijk agjhgxetye~mtxiam, hmlgymh vgyamjx en {gkms, hmh}cxiejs net teea gjh degth, gjh}jgccmvxgdlm hetaixety cejhixiejs*

Xbm ke~mtjamjx cejxij}mh xe {et` {ixb Dmxxmt [et` Oethgj xe iavte~m lgdetsxgjhgths ij xbm kgtamjx smcxet* Ij O}jm xbm ke~mtjamjx iss}mh g v}dlic lisx enkgtamjx ngcxetims tmw}itmh xe oeij xbm Ijxmtjgxiejgl Lgdet Etkgjizgxiej vteomcxDmxxmt [et` Oethgj* Lisxmh ngcxetims xbgx hih jex oeij dy xbm mjh en xbm ymgt {mtm

xe ngcm nijms* Gx xbm mjh en xbm ymgt, Dmxxmt [et` Oethgj ijcl}hmh =6 en xbm =8ngcxetims tmw}itmh dy lg{ xe oeij xbm vtektga*

Seam {et`mts ij xbm gktic}lx}tgl smcxet, xbm ~gsx agoetixy en {bea {mtm Mkyvxigj,{mtm s}domcx xe mrvleixgxi~m cejhixiejs* Gccethijk xe g heamsxic JKE, ix {gsceaaej net gktic}lx}tgl {et`mts xe dm vgih lmss xbgj xbm aijia}a {gkm, {et`mrcmssi~m be}ts {ixbe}x ghmw}gxm ceavmjsgxiej, gjh li~m ij s}dsxgjhgth be}sijk*Seam mavleymts ij xbm gktic}lx}tgl smcxet glse tmvetxmhly cejniscgxmh vgssvetxs*

Heamsxic {et`mts cgj nilm ij!vmtsej ceavlgijxs {ixb xbm Aijisxty en LgdetsHeamsxic [et`mts Hitmcxetgxm et xbm VSH0 be{m~mt, agjy heamsxic {et`mtsceavlgijmh xbmtm {gs je nelle{!}v ej xbmit cgsms mixbmt ntea xbm Aijisxty enLgdet et xbm VSH* Heamsxic {et`mts cgj glse nilm ceavlgijxs ~ig g Aijisxty enLgdet bexlijm0 }smts en xbm bexlijm tmvetxmh xbgx li~m evmtgxets gtm g~gilgdlm ejlyh}tijk ke~mtjamjx d}sijmss be}ts, et sm~mj be}ts g hgy h}tijk xbm {et`{mm`*Gnxmt!be}ts cglls tmw}itm xbm }smt xe lmg~m g amssgkm gjh g cglldgc` j}admt, {bicbvesms vgtxic}lgt hinnic}lxims net heamsxic {et`mts {ixbe}x gccmss xe gjy vbejms d}xxbmit mavleymts* Gh~ecgxms net aiktgjx heamsxic {et`mts tmvetxmh heamsxic{et`mts {be se}kbx ke~mtjamjx gssisxgjcm et aghm gllmkgxiejs gkgijsx xbmit

mavleymts ntmw}mjxly ngcmh ce}jxmtclgias en ctiaijgl dmbg~iet ntea xbmitmavleymts* Mavleymts ce}lh nilm ctiaijgl ceavlgijxs et nlikbx jexinicgxiejs {ixbvelicm sxgxiejs0 m~mj {bmj heamsxic {et`mts dmjmnixmh ntea ijixigxi~ms s}cb gs xbmkmjmtgl gajmsxy xbgx {gi~mh iaaiktgxiej e~mtsxgy nijms, xbmy ce}lh dm vtm~mjxmhntea lmg~ijk xbm ce}jxty h}m xe s}cb e}xsxgjhijk glmtxs {ixb xbm velicm*




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OETHGJ 36

H}tijk xbm ymgt b}jhtmhs en heamsxic {et`mts ntea xbm Vbilivvijms, Ijhejmsig, gjhSti Lgj`g {mtm sbmlxmtmh gx xbmit tmsvmcxi~m madgssims ij Gaagj* Aesx bghtmvetxmhly nlmh seam neta en netcmh lgdet et gd}sm, ijcl}hijk }jvgih {gkms gjh, xeg lmssmt mrxmjx, smr}gl et vbysicgl gd}sm* Dy lg{ mavleymts gtm tmsvejsidlm nettmjm{ijk tmsihmjcy vmtaixs d}x enxmj ngilmh xe he xbis net heamsxic mavleymms* Gsg tms}lx aesx en xbm madgssy!sbmlxmtmh heamsxic {et`mts {mtm cejsihmtmh illmkgltmsihmjxs, gjh agjy {mtm sxtgjhmh dmcg}sm xbmy {mtm }jgdlm xe vgy xbm hgilye~mtsxgy nmms en 7*= hijgts "(4) xe hmvgtx xbm ce}jxty* H}m xe xbm lgtkm j}admt enheamsxic {et`mts sbmlxmtmh gx xbmsm madgssims, xbm ke~mtjamjx cej~mjmh gj ghbec ceaaixxmm xe tm~im{ xbm {et`mts cgsms0 xbis tms}lxmh ij e~mtsxgy nijms dmijk{gi~mh ej g cgsm!dy!cgsm dgsis* E}x!en!sxgx}s netmikj {et`mts {mtm ijcl}hmh ijxbm Kmjmtgl Gajmsxy Lg{, gjh {et`mts {be xee` gh~gjxgkm en xbm lg{ bgh xbmite~mtsxgy nijms {gi~mh0 be{m~mt, glxbe}kb seam en xbmsm {et`mts mixbmt tmcxinimhxbmit six}gxiejs et hmvgtxmh xbm ce}jxty, jm{ cgsms en e}x!en!sxgx}s {et`mts

ijctmgsmh gx g sxmghy vgcm* Glxbe}kb xbm Kmjmtgl Gajmsxy Lg{ {gi~mh e~mtsxgynijms, edsmt~mts tmvetxmh xbgx nmms net {et`ijk {ixbe}x g {et` vmtaix {mtm jexijcl}hmh ij xbm {gi~mt gjh vtm~mjxmh seam {et`mts ntea tmx}tjijk xe xbmit beamce}jxtims*

Xbm Vbilivvijms, Ijhejmsig, gjh net vgtx en xbm ymgt Sti Lgj`g vtebidixmh xbmmaiktgxiej en aiktgjx {et`mts net heamsxic {et` dmcg}sm en xbmsm vtedlmas*Be{m~mt, xbm vtebidixiej hih jex tmh}cm xbm nle{ en aiktgjx {et`mts* Seamb}agj tikbxs etkgjizgxiejs gtk}mh xbm dgjs bmikbxmjmh xbm ~}ljmtgdilixy en netmikjheamsxic {et`mts dy sb}xxijk sct}v}le}s tmct}ixamjx gkmjcims e}x en xbm agt`mx*H}tijk xbm ymgt xbm ke~mtjamjx gjh tmct}ixamjx gkmjcims xee` xbm vesixiej xbgx xbmdgjs hih jex bg~m tmlm~gjcm }jhmt xbm lg{0 tmct}ixamjx gjh xbm iss}gjcm en ~isgsgjh {et` vmtaixs net Nilivijg, Ijhejmsigj, gjh Sti Lgj`gj {et`mts cejxij}mh*

2011 king abdullah's regime - human rights report on jordan - us state department

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