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CONTAMINATED SITES

Guidelines for Consultants

Reporting on

Contaminated Sites


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2011 State o NSW and Oce o Environment and Heritage

The State o NSW and Oce o Environment and Heritage are pleased

to be reproduced in whole or in part or educational and non-comme

meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are a

The Oce o Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled these gu

aith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made

completeness or suitability o the inormation in this publication or a

OEH shall not be liable or any damage which may occur to any persotaking action or not on the basis o this publication. Readers should se

when applying the inormation to their specic needs. This documen

revision without notice and readers should ensure they are using the

Published by:

Oce o Environment and Heritage

59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000

PO Box A290, Sydney South NSW 1232

Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard)

Phone: 131 555 (environment inormation and publications requests)Phone: 1300 361 967 (national parks, climate change and energy ec

publications requests)

Fax: (02) 9995 5999 TTY: (02) 9211 4723

Email: [email protected]


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PREFACE

The Oce o Environment and Heritage exercise

powers in the name o the NSW Environment Pr

These guidelines have been prepared by the Co

Section o the Oce o Environment and Heritag

purpose is to assist consultants, site auditors, co

interested parties in reporting on the investigati

o contaminated sites. They replace the Drat Gu

Consultants Reporting on Contaminated Sites (d

OEH intends to monitor the use o these guideli

and update them when necessary. Any commen

Inquiries or comments may be directed to:

The Manager

Contaminated Sites Section

Oce o Environment and Heritage

PO Box A290

Sydney South NSW 1232

Fax: (02) 9995 5999

Limitations

These guidelines apply only to consultants repo

investigation and remediation o contaminated

provide detailed guidance on contaminated sitemanagement. More detailed guidance may be

listed in the Reerences.


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Oce o Environment and Heritage acknowthe Drat Guidelines provided by the ollowing o

Australian Maritime Saety Authority

CH2M-Hill Australia Pty Ltd

Dames & Moore

Dubbo City Council Faireld City Council

Gosord City Council

HLA Envirosciences Pty Limited

Leichhardt Municipal Council

Mosman Municipal Council

NSW Agriculture

Northern Territory Department o Lands, Plan

Environment

Shoalhaven City Council

South Australian Health Commission

South Sydney City Council

Stratheld Municipal Council

Sutherland Shire Council

The Shell Company

Victoria Environment Protection Authority


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CONTENTS

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................

2 INVESTIGATION STAGES...........................................

2.1 Stage 1 Preliminary site investigation ....

2.2 Stage 2 Detailed site investigation ..........

2.3 Stage 3 Site remedial action plan (RAP) .

2.4 Stage 4 Validation and site monitoring r

3 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ...................................

3.1 How to use the checklist .................................

4 REFERENCES ..................................................................


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Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S

1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose o these guidelines is to ensure tha

consultants on the investigation and remediatio

land contain sucient and appropriate inormat

ecient review by regulators, the Site Auditor an

parties.

Other reporting requirements may apply in cert

sites subject to planning processes such as rezon

development application and/or building appro

o the Managing Contaminated Land: Planning G

DUAP/EPA 1998) and the appropriate planning a

consulted. For sites subject to regulatory notices

o Environment and Heritage (OEH), consult OEH


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2 INVESTIGATION STAGES

From a reporting perspective, contaminated sitebe broadly classied into the ollowing stages:

1 Preliminary site investigation

2 Detailed site investigation

3 Site remedial action plan

4 Site validation and ongoing monitoring.

Consultants reports normally address these stag

presented separately or combined in various wa

report must stand alone, containing sucient in

readily understood. Where relevant inormation

in a previous, still available report, a summary o

should suce in subsequent reports.

The reporting requirements o each stage are di

ollowing sections and a checklist summary is in

2.1 Stage 1 Preliminary site investigation

The preliminary site investigation report should

identiy all past and present potentially conta

identiy potential contamination types

discuss the site condition

provide a preliminary assessment o site cont

assess the need or urther investigations.

An appraisal o the site history is undamental to

assessment and may be used to assess potential

It is important to review and assess all relevant in


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2.2 Stage 2 Detailed site investigation

The detailed site investigation report should giv

inormation on:

issues raised in the preliminary investigation

the type, extent and level o contamination

and assess:

contaminant dispersal in air, surace water, grdust

the potential eects o contaminants on pub

environment and building structures

(where applicable) o-site impacts on soil, se

the adequacy and completeness o all inormused in making decisions on remediation.

Where it is preerred that site-specic clean-up l

by applying risk assessment methods, the consu

OEH to discuss appropriate procedures.

I the results o the detailed site investigation ind

poses unacceptable risks to human health or the

on-site or o-site, and under either the present o

land use then a remedial action plan needs to

implemented.

2.3 Stage 3 Site remedial action plan (RAP)

The RAP should:

set remediation goals that ensure the remed

suitable or the proposed use and will pose n

to human health or to the environment


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2.4 Stage 4 Validation and site monitoring re

Reporting requirements are o two types: valida

appropriate, ongoing site monitoring.

Validation reporting

Where remedial action has been carried out, the

validated to ensure that the objectives stated in

been achieved. A report detailing the results o t

required.

The extent o validation required will depend on

the degree o contamination originally prese

the type o remediation processes that have

the proposed land use.

Validation must conrm statistically that the rem

complies with the clean-up criteria set or the sit

see Contaminated Sites Sampling Design Guidel

1995). Where applicable, the US EPAs Methods

Attainment o Cleanup Standards (1989) can also

The validation report must assess the results o t

testing against the clean-up criteria stated in the

have not been achieved, reasons must be stated

work proposed to achieve the original RAP obje

The validation report should also include inorm

that all OEH and other regulatory authorities liceand approvals have been met. In particular, doc

is needed to conrm that any disposal o soil o

accordance with the RAP.

O i i i i i


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3 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

The ollowing checklist has been prepared to heapproach to reporting on contaminated sites an

environmental issues have been addressed to th

Where a consultant chooses to deviate rom

this checklist, clear reasons should be given a

deviationslisted.

3.1 How to use the checklist

Use the checklist on the ollowing pages in conj

objectives stated in the investigation stages (1-4

The rst column lists report headings to be inclu

to be covered under each heading. The other co

principal reporting stages o contaminated site s

preliminary site investigation report

detailed site investigation report

remedial action plan

validation and monitoring report.

A tick in these columns indicates that the corres

should be included in the report.

(S) denotes that a summary will be adequate i

has been included in a previous report.

(N) denotes that the section should be includedsite investigation is to be undertaken.

N/A denotes that the report heading is not app

omitted.


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Report sections and inormation to be included


Executive summary

Background

Objectives o the investigation

Scope o works

(Where appropriate) a summary o sampling results in tabulat

minimum, maximum, arithmetic average and 95% upper-con

arithmetic average or each analyte

Summary o conclusions and recommendations.

Scope o work

A clear statement o the scope o work.

Site identifcation

Street number, street name and suburb

Lot number and Deposited Plan number Geographic co-ordinates related to a nearby cadastral corner

Control Marker

Locality map

Current site plan with scale bar, showing north, local water dra

local environmentally signicant eatures.

Site history

Zoning previous, present and proposed

Land use previous, present and proposed

Summary o council rezoning, relevant development and buil


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Preliminary site

investigation

Detailed site

investigation

Remedial

action plan


(S) (S)


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Site history (continued)

Description o manuacturing processes

Details and locations o current and ormer underground and

storage tanks

Product spill and loss history

Discharges to land, water and air

Disposal locations

Relevant complaint history

Local site knowledge o residents and sta both present and

Summary o local literature about the site, including newspap

Details o building and related permits, licences, approvals an

trade waste agreements

Historical use o adjacent land

Local usage o ground/surace waters, and location o bores/p

Integrity assessment (assessment o the accuracy o inormatio

Site condition and surrounding environment

Topography

Conditions at site boundary such as type and condition o en

and erosion

Visible signs o contamination such as discolouration or stainibare soil patches both on-site and o-site adjacent to site bo

Visible signs o plant stress

Presence o drums, wastes and ll material

Odours


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Preliminary site

investigation

Detailed site

investigation

Remedial

action plan


(S) (S)

(S) (S)


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Geology and hydrogeology

Soil stratigraphy using recognised classication methods,

e.g. Australian Standard 1726, Unied Soil Classication Table Location and extent o imported and locally derived ll

Site borehole logs or test pit logs showing stratigraphy

Detailed description o the location, design and construction o

Description and location o springs and wells in the vicinity

Depth to groundwater table

Direction and rate o groundwater fow Direction o surace water run-o

Background water quality

Preerential water courses

Summary o local meteorology

Sampling and analysis plan and sampling methodology

Sampling, analysis and data quality objectives (DQOs)

Rationale or the selection o:

Sampling pattern

Sampling density including an estimated size o the residu

may remain undetected Sampling locations including locations shown on a site ma

Sampling depths

Samples or analysis and samples not analysed

Analytical methods


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Preliminary site

investigation

Detailed site

investigation

Remedial

action plan


Include readily available

inormation (S)

Include readily availableinormation N/A


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Field quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC)

Details o sampling team

Decontamination procedures carried out between sampling e

Logs or each sample collected including time, location, initduplicate locations, duplicate type, chemical analyses to be p

observations and weather conditions

Chain o custody ully identiying or each sample the sam

sample, collection date, analyses to be perormed, sample pre

departure time rom the site and dispatch courier(s)

Sample splitting techniques

Statement o duplicate requency

Field blank results

Background sample results

Rinsate sample results

Laboratory-prepared trip spike results or volatile analytes

Trip blank results

Field instrument calibrations (when used).

Laboratory QA/QC

A copy o signed chain-o-custody orms acknowledging rece

time, and identity o samples included in shipments

Record o holding times and a comparison with method spec

Analytical methods used Laboratory accreditation or analytical methods used

Laboratory perormance in inter-laboratory trials or the analy

where available

Description o surrogates and spikes used


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Preliminary site

investigation

Detailed site

investigation

Remedial

action plan


(N) N/A

(N) N/A


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QA/QC data evaluation

Evaluation o all QA/QC inormation listed above against the s

including a discussion o:

Documentation completeness

Data completeness

Data comparability (see next point)

Data representativeness

Precision and accuracy or both sampling and analysis or

each environmental matrix inorming data users o the rel

or qualitative value o the data Data comparability checks, which should include e.g. bias ass

arise rom various sources, including:

Collection and analysis o samples by dierent personnel

Use o dierent methodologies

Collection and analysis by the same personnel using the sa

but at dierent times Spatial and temporal changes (because o the environmen

Relative per cent dierences or intra- and inter-laboratory du

Basis or assessment criteria

Table listing all selected assessment criteria and reerences

Rationale or and appropriateness o the selection o criteria

Assumptions and limitations o criteria

Results


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Preliminary site

investigation

Detailed site

investigation

Remedial

action plan


(N) N/A

G id li C l R i C i d S


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Site characterisation

Assessment o type o all environmental contamination, parti

soil and groundwater

Assessment o extent o soil and groundwater contaminationo-site eects

Assessment o the chemical degradation products

Assessment o possible exposure routes and exposed popula

Remedial action plan

Remediation goal

Discussion o the extent o remediation required

Discussion o possible remedial options and how risk can be r

Rationale or the selection o recommended remedial option

Proposed testing to validate the site ater remediation

Contingency plan i the selected remedial strategy ails

Interim site management plan (beore remediation), including

e.g. encing, erection o warning signs, stormwater diversion

Site management plan (operation phase):

Site stormwater management plan

Soil management plan

Noise control plan

Dust control plan, including wheel wash (where applicable

Odour control plan

Occupational health and saety plan

Remediation schedule

G idelines or Cons ltants Reporting on Contaminated S


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Preliminary site

investigation

Detailed site

investigation

Remedial

action plan


N/A N/A



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Validation

Rationale and justication or the validation strategy includin

Clean-up criteria and statistically based decision-making m

Validation sampling and analysis plan

Details o a statistical analysis o validation results and evaluat

clean-up criteria

Verication o compliance with regulatory requirements set b

WorkCover and local government.

Ongoing site monitoring

Ongoing site monitoring requirements (i any), including mon

and requency

Results o monitoring analyses including all relevant QA/QC re

requirements stated above

Ongoing site/equipment maintenance, e.g. containment cap

Details o party(ies) responsible or maintenance and monitor

Conclusions and recommendations

Brie summary o all ndings

Assumptions used in reaching the conclusions

Extent o uncertainties in the results

Where remedial action has been taken, a list summarising the

and physical changes to the site

A clear statement that the consultant considers the subject sit

suitable or the proposed use (where applicable)



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Preliminary site

investigation

Detailed site

investigation

Remedial

action plan


N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A



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4 REFERENCES

For the most up-to-date inormation reer to thmade or approved under the CLM Act at:

www.environment.nsw.gov.au/clm/guidelines

NSW Environment Protection Authority docum

NSW EPA (1994). Contaminated Sites: Guidelines orStation Sites, Environment Protection Authority,

NSW EPA (1995). Contaminated Sites: Guidelines or

o Soil on Broad-Acre Agricultural Land, Environ

Authority, Sydney.

NSW EPA (1995). Assessment o Orchard and MarketContamination: Contaminated Sites Discussion P

Protection Authority, Sydney.

NSW EPA (1995). Contaminated Sites: Sampling Des

Environment Protection Authority, Sydney.

NSW DUAP/NSW EPA (1998). Managing Contaminat

Guidelines. Department o Urban Aairs and Pla

NSW EPA (1995). Provisional Water Quality Investiga

Preerred Methods or Sampling and Analysis. Te


NSW Agriculture and CMPS&F Environmental (Febr

Guidelines or the Assessment and Cleanup o Cor Residential Purposes.

NSW EPA (1997). Bananalands Contaminant Distribu




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p g

Australian and New Zealand Environment and

Council (ANZECC), National Health and Medica

Council and Natural Resource Management Mindocuments

ANZECC / National Health & Medical Research Coun

1992). Australian and New Zealand Guidelines o

and Management o Contaminated Sites.

ANZECC & ARMCANZ (2000), Australian and New Zeor Fresh and Marine Water Quality, Australian an

Environment and Conservation Council and Agr

Management Council o Australia and New Zeala

October 2000.

ANZECC (April 1994). Financial Liability or Contami

Remediation: A Position Paper.

NHMRC & NRMMC (2004), Guidelines or Drinking W

Australia, National Health and Medical Research

Resource Management Ministerial Council, Canb

National Environmental Health orum monogra

Imray, P. & Langley, A. (1996) Health-Based Soil Inve

National Environmental Health Forum Monogra

SA Health Commission, Adelaide.

Taylor, R. & Langley, A. (1996). Exposure Scenarios a

National Environmental Health Forum MonograSA Health Commission, Adelaide.

Lock, W. H. Composite Sampling. National Environm

Forum Monographs, Soil Series No. 3, 1996, SA H



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p g

South Australian Health Commission contamin

monograph series

El Saadi, O. & Langley, A., eds (1991). The Health Risk

Management o Contaminated Sites: Workshop

National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessme

o Contaminated Sites, SA Health Commission, A

Langley, A. & Van Alphen, M., eds (1993). The Health

and Management o Contaminated Sites: Procee

National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessme

o Contaminated Sites. Contaminated Sites Mon


Edwards, J. W., Van Alphen, M. & Langley, A. (1994).

and Assessment o Contaminated Land Improv

Appraisal. Contaminated Sites Monograph SerieCommission, Adelaide.

Olszowy, H., Torr, P. & Imray, P. Trace Element Conce

rom Rural and Urban Areas o Australia, Contam

Monograph Series, No. 4, 1995, SA Health Comm

Langley, A., Markey, B. & Hill, H., eds (1996). The Hea

and Management o Contaminated Sites: ProceeNational Workshop on the Health Risk Assessme

o Contaminated Sites. Contaminated Sites Mon


Other reerence documents

APHA/AWWA/WEF (1995). Standard Methods or th

Water and Wastewater. 19th edn. American Pub

American Water Works Association, Water Enviro



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USEPA (1987). Data Quality Objectives or Remedial

USEPA 540/G-87/003 Oce o Emergency Respo

Waste Programs Enorcement.USEPA (1998). Guidance or Conducting Remedial In

and Feasibility Studies under CERCLA, OSWER D

October 1988. Oce o Emergency and Remedia

Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA (1992). Guidance or Data Useability in Risk A

and B). USEPA Publication 9285.7-09A&B, PB92-9

1992, Oce o Emergency and Remedial Respon

USEPA (1989). Methods or Evaluating the Attainme

Standards Volume 1: Soils and Solid Media. (EPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

USEPA (1989). Risk Assessment Guidance or Super1: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). US

Protection Agency, Washington DC.

USEPA (1991). Summary Report on Issues in Ecologi

United States Environmental Protection Agency,

USEPA (1992). Test Methods or Evaluating Solid Wa

Chemical Methods SW-846, 3rd Edition. Oce o

and Emergency Response, US Environmental Pro

Washington DC.

USEPA (1993). Reerence Guidance or Planning or

in Support o Environmental Decision-Making U

Quality Objectives Process USEPA EPA QA/G-4 Q

Management Sta.


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