©2012 clearone communications. confidential and proprietary. collaborate ® video conferencing...

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary.

COLLABORATE® Video Conferencing

Networking Basics


IP Addressing

+ IP addressing

+ Networking Ports

+ Network Address Translation

+ Firewalls


+ “Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication” (Wikipedia, May 25th, 2011).

– Every device on network must have unique address

– IP Address

– Subnet Mask

– Default Gateway• An address of a router to get to another network

– Only if needing access to other network

IP Addressing


IP Addressing

+ How Many Addresses are there?

> IP Version 4- 232

• 4,294,967,296

> IP Version 6– ~ 3.4×1038 IPV6 addresses

• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456


IP Addressing

340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

340- undecillion282- decillion366- nonillion920- octillion938- septillion463- sextillion463- quintillion374- quadrillion607- trillion431- billion768- million211- thousand456


IP Addressing

+ Public and Private IP addresses

+ Public addresses are routable via the Internet

– Assigned to Regional Internet Registries by Internet Assigned

Numbers Authority (IANA)


IP Addressing

+ Private IP Addresses are not routable via the Internet

– Used in Closed networks

– LANs, WANs, CANs, MANs

– 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.254

– 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

– 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

– 169.254.1.0 – 169.254.254.255 – link-local address (APIPA)

– 127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 – localhost

– 100.64.0.0 – 100.127.255.255 - Carrier Grade NAT (RFC6598)


IP Addressing

255.0.0.0 -- class A (16, 777,216)255.255.0.0 -- class B (65,536)255.255.255.0 -- class C (256)

IP Addressing


Subnet mask

IP Address

Network

Subnet Mask

Host

Address Range -

IP Address Example

32 bits in length• 4 octets, 8 bits in length

each.


IP Address Example


IP Address

192.168.23.45 - Host

255.255.255.0 - Subnet

192.168.23.1 – Default Gateway

MAIN Street

CENTER Street


IP Address

192.168.23.45 - Host

255.255.255.0 - Subnet


192.168.24.47


IP Address “AND”ing

+ ANDing

– The process used by a source device to find out if the destination

device is on the same network or on a different network

– 1 AND 1 = 1

– 1 AND 0 = 0

– 0 AND 0 = 0

– 0 AND 1 = 0



Network

My IP Address: 192.168.23.45

My Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

“AND”ing equals 192.168.23.0

11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00101101

11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000

11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00000000

Network Network Host

Dest. IP Address: 192.168.24.47

Dest. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

“AND”ing equals 192.168.24.0

11000000. 10101000. 00011000.00101111

11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 0000000011000000. 10101000. 00011000. 00000000

Network Network Network Host



Network

My IP Address: 192.168.23.45

My Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00101101

11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000

“AND”ing equals 192.168.23.0 11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00000000

Network Network Host

Dest. IP Address: 192.168.24.47

Dest. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

11000000. 10101000. 00011000.00101111

11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000

“AND”ing equals 192.168.24.0 11000000. 10101000. 00011000. 00000000

Network Network Network Host


IP Address Routing

192.168.23.45 - Host

255.255.255.0 – Subnet


192.168.24.47

Router is my “Post Office”

Checking Routing Table


+ DHCP

+ Static

+ Link-Local (APIPA)

Assigning IP Address’


+ Easy way to assign IP addresses to hosts+ Helps prevent duplicate IP addresses+ Most home routers have server built in+ Can configure router to specify which addresses to assign

– Configure Lease time

• How long a client can keep IP address before renewing

• IP address can change!!!

DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Where is my Server?

I am here! Use 192.168.23.45

I want to use 192.168.23.45

ACK! You are using 192.168.23.45

DHCP Server

DHCP Client


+ More difficult to Maintain + User error can cause

– Duplicate IP’s– Incorrect input

+ Much longer to set up– Must set IP address on all devices, not server centric

+ Why use Static IP’s?– Video Conferencing Units

– NetPoint– Cameras– Media Servers– Virtual controls– Third Party controls using IP – Gateway Routers need to be static

No DHCP server available

Static IP Addressing


+ Link-Local Address+ 169.254.1.0 – 169.254.254.255

– 169.254.0.0 /24 and 169.254.255.0 /24 are reserved

+ No DHCP server available+ Primary configuration method fails+ Not Routable!+ DHCP server lease will override this address configuration

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)


IP Addressing

+ IP addressing

+ Networking Ports


+ Firewalls


Network Ports

+ “…an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as a communications endpoint in a computer's host operating system. A port is associated with an IP address of the host, as well as the type of protocol used for communication” (Wikipedia, January 31, 2013).

+ Multiplexing– “Door” to different applications running on a computer


Network Ports

+ Network Ports– Specific to an application serving as a communication point in a

computer’s operating system– 16 bits in length– 1 – 65535– UDP or TCP ports– Well Known Ports

• 1 – 1023– 23 = Telnet– 25 = SMTP– 80 = HTTP– 389 = LDAP

10.0.0.4:1720

IP Address Port


IP Address Routing

192.168.23.45 - Host

255.255.255.0 – Subnet


192.168.24.47

Router is my “Post Office”

Checking Routing Table


Network Ports

192.168.24.47

Jane Doe192.168.24.47


Network Ports

192.168.24.47Jane Doe192.168.24.47

Apartment 1720


Network Port examples

Network Port


Network Port example


Network Ports

Source PortDestination Port

Sent from my Computer

Sent from Yahoo Server


+ IP addressing

+ Networking Ports


+ Firewalls

IP Addressing


Network Address Translation

+ How does my computer with a private IP, communicate on the Internet?– IPv4 provides ~4.3 billion addresses

Many are reserved

– Every device on Internet requires unique address

+ Network Address TranslationNAT (RFC3022)

• Allows router to act as agent between private and public network

– Changes IP information in transit– Allows Enterprise to use one set of IP Addresses internally and another

externally– “Hides” internal IP addresses from outside world



192.168.23.45

A

B

C192.168.23.47

192.168.23.46

A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.10

B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.11

C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.12

216.51.40.10

216.51.70.11

216.51.70.12

+ Static NAT> Mapping Private IP addresses to Public IP addresses

on a one-to-one basis> Address mapping does not change

Private IP Public IP



192.168.23.45

A

B

C192.168.23.47

192.168.23.46216.51.40.20

216.51.70.67

216.51.70.29

+ Dynamic NAT> Maps internal IPs to a Pool of External IPs> Many-to-Many> Address mapping CAN change

These address’ can change

A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.20

B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.67

C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.29

Private IP Public IP



192.168.23.45

A

B

C192.168.23.47

192.168.23.46216.51.40.20:100

216.51.70.67:200

216.51.70.29:300

+ Overloading> Maps many internal IPs to a single external IP> Many-to-One> Port Address Translation

A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.20 100

B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.20 200

C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.20 300

Private IP Public IP Port


+ IP addressing

+ Networking Ports


+ Firewalls

IP Addressing


Firewalls

+ Firewalls– Software based– Hardware based– Protects private network

+ Packet Filters– Based on IP addresses, Protocols, Port Numbers– Stateful or Stateless

+ Application-Layer– Examines process of data packets– Application Layer Filters

+ Proxies+ Network Address Translation


Firewall Traversal

Enterprise LANWAN/Internet

DMZ InternalNetwork


Firewall Traversal

192.168.23.45

A

B

C

192.168.23.47

192.168.23.46

216.51.70.11

216.51.70.12

192.168.23.45:1720

216.51.70.10

216.51.70.10:1720

A 192.168.23.45 Outbound to 216.51.70.10 from port 1720

B 192.168.23.46 Outbound to 216.51.70.11 from port 34562

216.51.70.11:34562192.168.23.46:34562192.168.23.46:21

Denied

Internet

Denied


H.323 and Ports

+ Collaborate Video Conferencing Ports – 389 Static TCP LDAP– 1718 Static UDP Gatekeeper discovery– 1719 Static UDP Gatekeeper ,RAS (Registration Admission & Status )– 1720 Static TCP Q.931 (Call Setup)– 1731 Static TCP Audio control– 5004-6004 Dynamic TCP H.245 (Call Parameters)– (5004-5035) Dynamic TCP/UDP H235/RTP– 5004-6004 Dynamic UDP (RTP) Video Data Streams, (RTP) Audio Data Streams, (RTCP)

Control Information– 3000 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 1 service– 3001 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 2 services– 22136 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central - Remote ClearOne Endpoint Admin– 26505 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central - Remote Console Login

Ports to open when using SIP:– 5060 TCP and UDP– 5004 UDP– 10000 UDP (SIP gate service - usually 3478/9)– 16348-32768 UDP (RTP, RTCP multimedia streaming)


No Firewall Traversal

VCB


Firewall traversal without NetPoint

VCB

Open Ports:

1718 – 1719 UDP

1720, 1731 TCP

18100 – 18999 UDP/TCP*

389 TCP

80 TCP

26505, 22136 TCP


Firewall Traversal with NetPoint

VCB

Server

Open Ports:

15100 TCP

15101 - 102 UDP

389 TCP


+ IP addressing

+ Networking Ports


+ Firewalls

IP Addressing


Streaming Your Video ConferenceMulticast and Unicast


Video Conference Streaming

+ Streaming your Video Conference> Cost effective way to get your message to the masses

+ Multicast Streaming– One to many stream– Saves bandwidth– Not enabled over Internet– Requires multicast viewer

+ Unicast Streaming– Many – to – Many– Uses more bandwidth– Can be used over Internet– Requires Windows media player or other compatible viewer


Multicast Streaming

SWITCH

Source

MulticastStream

I want this service

I want this service

I want this service

One-to-Many


Multicast Streaming

SWITCH

Source

MulticastStream

1024 Kbps

One-to-Many


Unicast Streaming

SWITCH

Source

Unicast Stream 1

Unicast Stream 1

Unicast Stream 2 Unicast Stream 2Unicast Stream 3

Unicast Stream 3

Many-to-Many


Unicast Streaming

SWITCH

Source

Unicast Stream 1

Unicast Stream 1

Unicast Stream 2 Unicast Stream 2Unicast Stream 3

Unicast Stream 3

1024 Kbps

1024 Kbps X 3


Collaborate Streaming

+ Collaborate Room– Multicast capable

• # of viewers is dependent on network

– Unicast capable• Up to 20 Sstreams

+ Collaborate VCB– Multicast capable


– Unicast Capable• Up to 50 Streams

+ Collaborate Desktop– Multicast capable


– Unicast capable• Up to 20 Streams


Multicast and Unicast Streaming

Source

SWITCHMulticast Streams

LAN

Internet



Source

SWITCHMulticast Streams

LAN

Internet

Unicast Streams



Source

SWITCH

LAN

Internet

Unicast Streams


Thank You For Your Timewww.clearone.com

©2012 clearone communications. confidential and proprietary. collaborate ® video conferencing...

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