2012 Rock Mechanics/ Geomechanics Symposium

Welcome to Chicago!

Attendance – About 600 Scientists and Engineers

About 500 in San Francisco, 450 in Salt Lake City – Attendees from 30-40 Countries – 350 Papers Derived from 600 Abstracts – 50% of Attendees from Outside the U.S. – 30% Students

The ARMA annual symposium has become the go to meeting in rock mechanics and

geomechanics for professionals and students from around the world-wide

• ARMA Exists to – Serve its members – Promote rock mechanics and geomechanics – Educate future professionals

• Through – Annual Symposia – Publication of Proceedings

• OnePetro (> 3.5 million downloads in 2011) – Workshops and Short Courses

Rock Mechanics, Geomechanics and The Energy/Environment Nexus

Rock Mechanics, Geomechanics and The Energy/Environment Nexus

but first……A few thanks

Rock Mechanics, Geomechanics and The Energy/Environment Nexus

A few new developments

ARMA Future Leaders

ARMA More Than the Annual Symposium

• Topically Focused ARMA Forums – John McClennan

• International Meetings – Abu Dhabi – January 2014?

• Co-Sponsoring International Meetings

International Conference for Effective and Sustainable Hydraulic Fracturing May 20-22, 2013 Brisbane, Australia

http://hfconference2013.hydrofrac.wikispaces.net

Rock Stress: Its Role and Measurement for Earth Science and Engineering

The 6th International Symposium on In-situ Rock Stress

Aug. 20-22, 2013 Sendai, Japan

(Abstract due Nov. 30, 2012)

Organized by JCRM, Sponsored by ISRM, Co-sponsored by ARMA

Frontiers of in-situ stress measurements Integration of stress data and methods Practical approaches to in-situ stress measurements Deep mining Storage of carbon dioxide and radioactive waste in rock stress field Oil, natural gas and geothermal resource developments and rock stress Induced seismicity Rock mass deformation and fluid migration Earthquakes and stress in the earth's crust

Inviting topics related to rock stress at a wide variety of depths ranging from tens meters to tens kilometers !!

Rock Mechanics, Geomechanics and The Energy/Environment Nexus

– Shale Gas Development and Environmental Protection – Induced and Triggered Seismicity – CO2 Sequestration

Global Energy and Environment Challenge

How Do We Provide Accessible, Affordable, and Secure Energy While Protecting the Planet (2x by 2050, 3-4x by 2100)?

Society

Economy

Environment

National Security

N orth A m erican S ha le P lays

Palo Duro Woodford

Avalon

Barnett 24-252 Tcf

Haynesville (Shreveport/Louisiana) 29-39 Tcf

Fayetteville 20 Tcf

Floyd/ Conasauga

Niobrara/Mowry

Cane Creek Monterey

Michigan Basin

Utica Shale

Horton Bluff Formation

New Albany 86-160 Tcf

Marcellus 225-520 Tcf

Antrim 35-160 Tcf

Lewis/Mancos 97 Tcf

Green River 1.3-2 Trillion Bbl

Gammon

Colorado Group >300 Tcf

Bakken 3.65 Billion Bbl

Montney Deep Basin >250 Tcf

Horn River Basin/ Cordova Embayment >700 Tcf

0 600

MILES Eagle Ford 25-100+ Tcfe

OIL SHALE PLAY GAS SHALE PLAY

~2300 TC F (85% S ha le G as) “100 years o f N atura l G as” U .S . C onsum ption 23 TC F/y

15

~22,600 TC F o f R ecoverab le R eserves 6600 TC F from S ha le (40% )

C urren t use ~160 TC F /year (140 years)

G loba l S ha le G as

R ock M echan ics and G eom echan ics A re K eys To E xp lo ita tion o f S ha le G as

H orizonta l D rilling and M ulti-S tage Slick-Water H ydrau lic F racturing

Induces M icroearthquakes (M ~ -1 to M ~ -3) To C reate a P erm eab le F racture N etw ork

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Wel

l Cou

nt

Gas

Pro

duct

oin

(Bcf

)

Year

Barnett Shale Production and Well Count (1993- 2009)Gas Production (Bcf)Well Count

Source:Texas RailroadCommission

M icrose ism ic E vents

H ydrau lic Fractu res

W ell

•H ydrau lic F ractu ring •M icrose ism ic M on ito ring •S tim u la ting F ractu red R eservo irs •M ode ling S tim u la ted R eservo irs

• Im portance o f Form ation P roperties, P re-ex is ting F ractu res and Fau lts , S ta te o f S tress, e tc .

• R ock S trength • R heo log ica l P roperties • T ransport P roperties • P e trophys ics fo r C a lib ra ting G eophysica l

• Im portance o f C om position (C lay and K erogen C onten t), M atura tion , D iagenes is , e tc .

• Im portance o f C om position on R ock and T ransport P roperties • R o le o f A dsorp tion and D iffus ion on U ltim ate R ecovery

E nvironm enta l Issues

o S urface C ontam ination o G as Leakage F rom W ells o D isposa l o f F low -back W aters o H ydrau lic F racturing A ffecting W ell W ater o E arthquake T riggering A ssocia ted w ith

In jection o f F low -back W ater o Im pacts on R esidents and Land U se

E nvironm enta l Issues

o S urface C ontam ination o G as Leakage F rom W ells o D isposa l o f F low -back W aters o H ydrau lic F racturing A ffecting W ell W ater o E arthquake T riggering A ssocia ted w ith

In jection o f F low -back W ater o Im pacts on R esidents and Land U se

Extracurricula Activities

S E A B - S um m ary

• S ha le gas is extrem ely im portan t to the energy security o f the U n ited S ta tes

• S ha le gas curren tly accounts fo r 30% of the to ta l U S natura l gas production

• S ha le gas deve lopm ent has a la rge positive econom ic im pact on loca l com m unities and sta tes

• S ha le gas deve lopm ent crea tes jobs • S ha le gas can be deve loped in an

environm enta lly responsib le m anner.

Courtesy George King, Apache Corp.

C

C asing and C em enting

C oa l S eam

S a line A qu ife r

M inor G as P roduc ing S ha les

S urface C as ing a t 500 ft. A qu ife rs

Top o f C em ent S econdary C as ing

P roduction C as ing

A dd itiona l C as ing a t 2000 ft. P rov ides S econdary B arrie r to Leakage

A P I R ecom m ended P ractice

B est P ractice

R ange R esources W ash ing ton C ounty, P ennsylvan ia

In jection T riggered S e ism ic ity

EARTH April, 2012

R isk A ssocia ted w ith In jection and T riggered S e ism ic ity

M icrose ism ic E vents A ssocia ted w ith H ydrau lic F ractu ring • V ery Low R isk to P ub lic

• L im ited rock vo lum e, lim ited pum ping vo lum e/tim e • V ery few events > M 2 in 100,000 ’s o f frac s tages

S e ism ic E vents A ssocia ted w ith W astew ater In jection • Low R isk to P ub lic

• M uch Larger P um ping V o lum es • C an be E ffective ly M anaged by E ffective S ite C haracteriza tion , M on ito ring and P roactive P lann ing • M in im ize In jection by W ater R ecyc ling

P oten tia l o f T riggered S e ism ic ity w ith Large S ca le C C S • In jection o f extrem ely la rge vo lum es pose considerab le risk

Proc. National Academy of Sciences, June 18, 2012

The Critically-Stressed Crust

S le ipner F ie ld

1996 to p resent 1 M t C O 2 in jection /yr S e ism ic m on ito ring

Statoil P aca la and S oco low (2004)

27 B illion B arre ls /Y ear 1 G T C /y w edges

1. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that preexisting faults found in brittle rocks almost everywhere in the earth’s crust are subject to failure, often in response to very small increases in pore pressure.

2. In light of the risk posed by even small- to moderate-sized earthquakes, potential reservoirs must be carefully chosen.

3. In addition to being well sealed by impermeable overlaying strata, they should also

be weakly cemented (so as not to fail through brittle faulting) and porous, permeable, and laterally extensive to accommodate large volumes of CO2 with minimal pressure increases.

4. The issue is not whether CO2 can be safely stored at a given site; the issue is whether the capacity exists for sufficient volumes of CO2 to be stored geologically for it to have the desired beneficial effect on climate change.

5. In this context, it must be recognized that large-scale CCS will be an extremely expensive and risky strategy for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

Public Enemy Number 1

Thank You!

ARMA Awards

Steve Brandon, Chair Awards Committee

VP, Lachel & Associates