contents · 2013-11-06 · presentation bestufs workshop turin (i), 17.1.2001 ingenieure + planer /...

COST 321 CH/ Effects of future transformation of goods vehicle parc in urban areasPresentation BESTUFS Workshop Turin (I), 17.1.2001

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Contents■ Today's vehicle park in swiss cities■ Characteristics and potentials of an urban

lorry■ Economical and ecological effects■ Barriers, suitable framework conditions and supporting measures■ Conclusion and outlook

Martin Ruesch, Dipl. Ing. ETH/SIA/SVI, RAPP AG Ingenieure + Planer


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■ COST 321: Urban goods transport, 1994-1998■ Project IV in Switzerland:

➤ Prove of effects by optimizing measures in urban goodstransport:

– Part A: Data and modelling urban goods transport– Part B: Effects of future transformation in goods vehicle

parcs in urban areas➤ Duration 1997-1998

■ Objectives of the project:➤ Characteristics of todays vehicle parcs➤ Definition of an Urban Lorry➤ Ecological and economical effects➤ Barriers, suitable framework and supporting measures


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0

50'000

100'000

150'000

200'000

250'000

300'000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

Lorries(>3.5 t)

Delivery vans(<3.5 t)

39%61%

35%

65%

23%

77% 67%

33%71%

29%76%

24%

78%

22%

80%

20%

Source: BFS, 1996

+ ~ 125%+ ~ 400%


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

BS S

tadt

BE A

gglo

.

BE S

tadt

GE

Aggl

o.

GE

Stad

t

LS A

gglo

.

LS S

tadt

LU A

gglo

.

LU S

tadt

ZH A

gglo

.

ZH S

tadt

> 28 t20 - 28 t14 - 20 t7.5 - 14 t3.5 - 7.5 t2.8 - 3.5 t1.8 - 2.8 t< 1.8 t

BS C

onur

.

BS C

ity

BE C

onur

.

BE C

ity

GE

Con

ur.

GE

City

LS C

onur

.

LS C

ity

LU C

onur

.

LU C

ity

ZH C

onur

.

ZH C

ity

Source: BUWAL, 1996

Basle Berne Geneva Lausanne Lucerne Zurich


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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Basle Berne Lucerne Zurich

>3.5 t Company traffic

>3.5 t Commercial traffic

<3.5 t Company traffic

<3.5 t Commercial traffic

Source: Albrecht &Partner AG, 1997

327’000 km 257’000 km 117’000 km 828’000 km Total km per day


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>3.5 t Company traffic

>3.5 t Commercial traffic

<3.5 t Company traffic

<3.5 t Commercial traffic

Basle Geneva Berne Lucerne Zurich0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Source: Albrecht &Partner AG, 1997

30’000 t 34’000 t 21’000 t 100’000 t Total t per day44’000 t


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Source: INFRAS, 1995


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■ Changes in commercial traffic demand■ Logistics concepts of business

enterprises■ Legal framework conditions■ Local delivery conditions

Delivery vans are favoured over trucks


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■ Ecological conflicts➤ high air polluting emissions➤ high energy consumption➤ high area utilisation

■ Economical conflicts➤ high vehicle requirement➤ high costs

Need for improvement

compared to the haulage capacity


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Maximum useful load capacitywithin a weight classLow priceHigh comfort for transhipmentHigh reliability / practical suitability

Low fuel consumptionLow energy consumptionSafety

Low area utilisationLow environmental impact(emissions, noise)

Transport company

Authorities Inhabitants


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Basic type Drive Useful loadoptimisation

Transhipment

Delivery van

< 3.5 t

Hybrid drive

(electric/diesel)

Increase of useful loadby 1.3t to a total weightof 5t (Increase of vehicleweight by 10%)

Direct access fromdriver’s cabin to stowingarea, lowered loadingarea and access height

Lorry / Truck

> 3.5 tNatural gasdrive

None

(low improvement poten-tial from lightweightconstruction)

Reduced chassisheight and slantingengine for low floorheight and loadingarea

Car / Combi

< ca. 1.8 telectric Minimum battery weight No specific features

(no relevant potential)


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Environmental efficiencyTransport efficiency

DriveUseful load Transhipment

Transport costs Vehicle requirementMileageDeployment duration

Air pollutant emissionsEnergy consumptionNoise emissionsArea utilisation

Key parameters


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Optimisation area Potential environmentalefficiency

USEFUL LOAD

DRIVE

TRANSHIPMENT

+

(Reduced pollution and noise, reduced energy consumption)

+ + +/-(Reduced fuel consumption, but often extra costs for alternative drives)

+ (Pollutant reduction, reduced energy consumption and area utilisation)

(Reduced transport costs, lower vehicle reqirement, shorter deployment time, shorter mileage)

+ (Reduced pollution, reduction of area utilisation, reduction of energy consumption)

+ (Reduction of transport costs, lower vehicle reqirement, shorter deployment time)

Potential transportefficiency


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■ Drive➤ Reduction of the specific air pollutant emissions➤ Noise reduction

■ Useful load➤ Reduction of tours --> reduction mileage --> . ....➤ Increase of number of stops --> reduction vehicle

requirement

■ Transhipment➤ Increase of number of stops --> reduction vehicle

requirement➤ Reduction of area utilisation


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Vehicle park andvehicle deploymentmatrices

ACTUAL STATUS (without measures) FORECAST STATUS (with measures)

InputEffecthypotheses

Calcu-lation

Key parameters

Indicators of transportand environmentalefficiency

Effect on themeasurespackage(company level)

Vehicle park andvehicle deploymentmatrices

Key parameters

Indicators of transportand environmentalefficiency


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+5%

0%

-5%

-10%

-15%

-20%

Drive

Transhipment

Useful load

Transportcosts

Vehiclerequirement

Mileage Duration ofdeployment

<3.5t>3.5t

<3.5t>3.5t

<3.5t>3.5t

<3.5t>3.5t

Example: commercial trafficdecentralised logistics concept


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Drive

Transhipment

Useful load

+20%

0%

-20%

-40%

-60%

-80%

-100%

Air-pollutingemissions

Areautilisation

Energyconsumption

Noise reduction: positive effects

<3.5t>3.5t

<3.5t

>3.5t <3.5t>3.5t

Example: commercial trafficdecentralised logistics concept


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AB

FEC D

Potential estimateUrban lorry levelConurbation

Factors at thelevel ofindividualcompanies

Factors atcity level

Application ofaggregated factorsto indicators at citylevel (FORECASTstatus)

Effects ofmeasures atcity level

Estimate of ecological andeconomical indicators atcity level (ACTUAL STATUS)

Vehicle park at 30.9.1996(BFS / BUWAL)Special evaluation GTS 93(Sub-project I)


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0%

-2%

-4%

-6%

-8%

-10% Transportcosts

Vehiclerequirement

Total durationof deployment

Min.

Min. Min. Min.Max.

Max.

Max.

Max.

Max.

Max.

Totalmileage

Max.

< 3.5 t> 3.5 t

Example Zurich

~ 0%


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0%

-20%

-40%

-60%

-80%

-100% Air-pollutingemissions

Min.

Max.< 3.5 t> 3.5 t

Min.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Energyconsumption

Max.Min.

Noise

Noise reduction:positive effects

Example Zurich

Areautilisation

Min. Max.Max.


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■ Lack of an external and internal suitableinfrastructure

➤ tanking stations, service points, .......➤ Re-selling problem

■ Non-serial manufacturing of vehicles (high unitcosts)

■ Reservations by the transport companies➤ reliability➤ costs➤ pracitcability (refuelling, maintenance, ...)➤ reduction of pay load➤ reduction of reach (radius of action)➤ improvement of conventional technologies


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■ Specific urban lorries for professional serviceproviders

■ Urban lorry concept as a part of city logistics➤ Linking of bundling effects with the „vehicle“ effect

■ Traffic telematics to improve the productivity ofthe vehicles

■ Best Practices and Demonstrations --->Confidence of User


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■ Temporal and spatial access regulations for urbanlorries (to favour new technologies)

■ Increase in the total allowed weight of deliveryvans from 3.5 to 5 tons (Compensation of battery,second drive)

■ Encouragement of collection and distributionplattforms close to city centres

■ Economic incentives■ Road pricing (considering emissions)


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■ Urban lorry can make a contribution to improvingthe quality of the environment and the efficiency oftransportation

■ Integrated Approach (Size, equipment, drive)■ Reliability and practiability is a crucial point■ The extra costs for alternative drives can be

compensated only in some companies■ Range limitations are of very secondary importance■ Supporting measures and incentives are needed at

the beginning of implementation


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■ Fuell Cell technology■ Vehicles with box for integration in

intermodal transport chains■ Technoloy transfer need time --> reduction

of barriers --> user acceptance


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Demonstration within the IDIOMA-Project at the Validation Site Zurich15.1.2001 untl 29.1.2001

contents · 2013-11-06 · presentation bestufs workshop turin (i), 17.1.2001 ingenieure + planer /...

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