1. 3D LAND USE AND DOWNTOWN PARKING: CREATING A DEMAND INDEX William J. Gribb Department of Geography University of Wyoming

2. DOWNTOWN REVITALIZATION Downtowns have the highest employment density Downtowns create the highest sales tax per acre Downtowns are the sense of place for a community

3. DOWNTOWN DEVELOPMENT The Laramie Downtown is composed of: 40 blocks, approximately 71 acres 616 parcels 383 businesses and residential units 1,767 On-Street Parking Spaces 1,945 Off-Street Parking Spaces Average Parking Time-1.1 hrs Average Walking Distance to 1st Destination-34m

4. PROJECT OBJECTIVES Inventory and Create On-Street Database Inventory and Create Off-Street Database Inventory and Create 3D Land Use Database Create Spatial Model to Determine Parking Demand by Parking Space Establish Parking Policy for Downtown Laramie to Maximize Parking Efficiency

5. ON-STREET DATABASE Geo-reference each on-street parking space List: Parking Dimension: 20 x 9 Location, Block, Block-Face, Address Orientation: Parallel, Diagonal Parking Restriction: No Parking, Handicapped, Loading Zone, 15 min., 1hr, 2hr, All Day

6. 41.312500 41.312000 41.311500 41.311000 41.310500 -105.596500 -105.596000 -105.595500 -105.595000 -105.594500 -105.594000 41.310000 -105.593500 -105.593000

7. OFF-STREET DATABASE Geo-referenced each off-street parking space Variables: Parking Dimension: 20 x 9 Location, Block, Block Face, Street Address Type: Private, Public Parking Restrictions: Permit, Customer, 1hr, 2hr, All Day

8. LAND USE DATABASE Parcel ID Parcel Ownership Address Business Name Modified NAICS Code, included residential, parks, parking lot, churches, vacant Stories Geo-referenced land use activity center

9. PARKING INVENTORY Geo-referenced all parking spaces, on- and offstreet Data collection for databases Conducted vacancy rate inventory Survey Questionnaire Random Days and Times 279 responses

10. TRADITIONAL PARKING DEMAND Based on Zoning Parking Assigned to Each Land Use Residential by Dwelling Units or Bedrooms Commercial Based on Square Footage or Number of Employees Restaurants Based on Number of Tables, etc. Parking Generator, ITE, Standard Retail, 1 per 200 sq.ft GFA

11. TABLE 15.14.040-3: OFF STREET PARKING STANDARDS DU Dwelling Unit Sq. Ft. Square Feet GFA Gross Floor Area Use Category Use Type Required Spaces RESIDENTIAL USES Household Living Dwelling, Single-Family Detached 1 per DU Dwelling, Single-Family Attached 1 per DU Dwelling, IBC/IRC Modular Home 1 per DU Dwelling, HUD Modular Home 1 per DU Dwelling, Mobile Home 1 per DU Dwelling, Two-Family 1 for each efficiency or 1 bedroom unit, 1.5 for each two bedroom unit, and 2 for each unit in excess of 2 bedrooms. In addition, 1 visitor parking space per structure. Dwelling, Multi-Family 1 for each efficiency or 1 bedroom unit, 1.5 for each two bedroom unit, and 2 for each unit in excess of 2 bedrooms. In addition, 1 space for every 5 units for visitor parking. Dwelling, Townhouse 1 per DU Dwelling, Live/Work 1 per DU Dwelling, Commercial 1 per DU HUD Modular Home 1 per DU

12. Retail 12.4/1000s.f.

13. 12.4 3.5 5.5 1.2 12.4 35.0

14. PARKING DEMAND MODEL Parking Space Location 3D Land Use Parking Demand Parking Characteristics Parking Time Walking Distance-34m 68m 1st Destination, 2nd Destination Probability of Parking Space Occupation Time of Day

15. PARKING DEMAND MODEL On Street Database Off Street Database Land Use Inventory Parking Survey Parking Demand Model Parking Demand

16. 30 25 20 15 10 5 -5 0 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

17. CONCLUSION Mixed Land Use Influences Parking Demand Residential Creates Problems for Off-Street Parking Time Limits Can Control High Demand Parking Spaces Parking Meters Can Be Adjusted for Demand, Either Time or Cost