2013 - review of arithmetic

7/29/2019 2013 - Review of Arithmetic

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Copyright 2012 Pearson Canada Inc.

Chapter 1

Review of Arithmetic


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ObjectivesAfter completing chapter one, you should be able to:

Simplify arithmetic expressions using the basic

order of operations.

Determine equivalent fractions and convert

fractions to decimals.Convert percents to common fractions and to

decimals, and change decimals and fractions to

percents.(continued)


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Objectives (continued)

Through problem solving, compute simple

arithmetic and weighted averages.

Determine gross earnings for employees

remunerated by the payment of salaries, hourlywages, or commissions.

Through problem solving, compute taxes of

various forms such GST, HST, PST, sales taxes,and property taxes.


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BEDMASA rule for basic order of operations

B Brackets

E Exponents

D Division

M MultiplicationA Addition

S Subtraction


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Basic Order of Operations


Perform all operations inside a bracket first

(operations inside the bracket must be performed

in the proper order)

Perform all exponentsPerform division and multiplication in the order

as they appear from the left to right.

Perform addition and subtraction in order as

they appear from left to right.


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Examples Using BEDMAS

8

3 x 2 = 2 Multiplication done first

20 5 + 3 x 4 = 16 Division andMultiplication done

before addition

(14 + 4) 25 = 4 Operations in bracketsdone first followed by

division and then

subtraction

144 32 = 16 Exponentiation donefirst followed by division


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Common Fractions

Terms are 4and 5

45

NumeratorDenominator

Proper

fraction

3

7

Numeratorless

thanDenominator

Improper

fraction

7

3

Numerator

greater thanDenominator


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Common Fractions Mixed Number


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Equivalent FractionsChange terms without changing value

Multiply numerator

and denominator bythe same number.

In Higher Terms:


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Equivalent Fractions

Numerator and

denominator aredivisible by the same

number

In Lower Terms:


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Convert Fraction to Decimal Form

Divide the numerator by the denominator

12/5 = 2.4

1/8 = 0.125

1/6 = 0.1666666.

Formixed numbers, write the whole as it is, and

evaluate the fraction part as above

8 + = 8 + 0.75

4 + 2/3 = 4 + 0.66666


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Rounding

If the first digit in the group of digits to be dropped is 5 orgreater, the last digit retained is increased by 1.

6.8851 rounded to two

places after the decimal

point is 6.89

6.8543 rounded to two

decimal places is 6.85

If the first digit in the group of digits to be dropped is less

than 5, the last digit is not changed.


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Fraction Solution


Complex FractionsFractions may appear in the numerator or denominator or both.


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The 1 or x 1 function key can be used to

x

evaluate the following complex fraction:


Using a Calculator to Evaluate a

Complex Fraction


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Using the Calculator Function 1/x


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Percent


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Percent Means Hundredths

% means dividing by 100

17 % = 17/100 = 0.17

0.08 % = 0.08/100 = 0.0008

1/8 % = 0.125% = 0.125/100 = 0.00125


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Changing Percents to Decimals

Drop percent symbol and move decimal point

two places to the left.

55 % = 0.55

215 % = 2.15

0.75% = .0075

3/8 % = .375% = .00375


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Changing Decimals to Percents

Move the decimal oint two laces to the ri htand add the % symbol.

0.00525 = .525%

0.38 = 38%

2.55 = 255%

1 3/8 = 1.375 = 137.5%


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Changing Fractions to Percents

First convert the fraction to a decimal.Then convert the decimal to a percent.

7/8 = .875 = 87.5%

1/3 = .333333 = 33.3333%

4/7 = 0.5714 = 5.71%

1 = 1.25 = 125%

2013 - review of arithmetic

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