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Get ReadyOracle OpenWorld, JavaOne, and MySQL Connect | San Francisco, September 2013

FasterORACLE TEAM USA uses Oracle technology to deliver extreme speed in the America’s Cup

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013

PLUG INTOTHE CLOUDThe revolutionary multitenant architecture in Oracle Database 12c delivers a new, secure, and consolidated database cloud

A Foundation for Cloud Computing New releases of Oracle WebLogic Server and Oracle Coherence are optimized for the cloud. / 18 Many in One Create many databases in one database instance with the Oracle Database 12c multitenant architecture / 49 PL/SQL Enhancements Oracle Database 12c enhances the PL/SQL function result cache, improves PL/SQL execution in SQL, adds a whitelist, and fi ne-tunes privileges / 55 On Oracle Database 12c, Part 1 Our technologist improves default values, handles bigger datatypes, and FETCHes for the fi rst time / 61

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013 ORACLE.COM/ORACLEMAGAZINE

VOLUME XXVII - ISSUE 5 CONTENTS

EVENTS / 7Find out about upcoming technology and industry events.

BRIEFS / 10The latest product news

NEWS / 15Cloud Computing BreakthroughOracle unveils new multi-tenant architecture in Oracle Database 12c. —David Baum

NEWS / 17Partnering in the CloudOracle enters into agreements with Microsoft, Salesforce.com, and NetSuite. —Diana Reichardt

PARTNER NEWS / 21BOOK BEAT / 21COMMUNITY BULLETIN / 25Happenings in Oracle Technology Network —Roland Smart

UP CLOSE / 26Seeking Developers for FriendshipHow Oracle Database 12c can improve the relationship between DBAs and developers. —Jeff Erickson

IN THE FIELD / 65 Time to UpgradeNew features in Oracle Database 12c make upgrade evaluations easy. —Michelle Malcher

ANALYST’S CORNER / 66 Deploy and Manage Database CloudsOrganizations look for multitenancy and management simplicity as they ramp up database-as-a-service deployments. —David Baum

TIME CAPSULE / 68Flashbacks: Culture. Industry. Oracle. —Rich Schwerin

DATABASE CLOUD / 49Many in OneCreate many databases in one database instance with the Oracle Database 12c multitenant architecture. —Arup Nanda

PL/SQL / 55PL/SQL EnhancementsOracle Database 12c enhances the PL/SQL function result cache, improves PL/SQL execution in SQL, adds a whitelist, and fine-tunes privileges. —Steven Feuerstein

At Oracle / 7

Community / 21

Technology / 49

Comment / 65

MASHUP / 6News, views, trends, and tools

Up Front / 6

Cover: I-Hua Chen; © ORACLE TEAM USA / Photo: Guilain GRENIER

Consolidate, secure, and connect with the revolutionary multitenant architecture of Oracle Database 12c. —David Baum/ 28

PLUG INTO THE CLOUD

Learn, share, and network at the world’s largest gathering of business technology professionals. Oracle OpenWorld, JavaOne, and MySQL Connect come to

San Francisco September 21 to 26. —Tom Caldecott/ 36

ORACLE TEAM USA uses Oracle technology, including Exadata Database Machine X3-2, to deliver extreme speed in the America’s Cup. —Carol Hildebrand

/ 40

GET READY

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NEWS / 18A Foundation for Cloud ComputingNew releases of Oracle WebLogic Server and Oracle Coherence are optimized for the cloud. —Diana Reichardt

INTERVIEW / 19In Business TogetherOracle Business Analytics solutions deliver answers and innovation. —Tom Haunert

ASK TOM / 61On Oracle Database 12c, Part 1Our technologist improves default values, handles bigger datatypes, and FETCHes for the first time. —Tom Kyte

PEER-TO-PEER / 27Solid FoundationsThree peers master the basics. —Blair Campbell

/ 68Flashbacks: Culture. Industry.

SO13_TOC.indd 2 7/31/13 3:20 PM

© 2013 Dell, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Dell, Dell Software, the Dell Software logo and products—as identifed in this document—are registered trademarks of Dell, Inc. in the U.S.A. and/or

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September/OctOber 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

SubScription information Subscriptions are complimentary for qualified individuals who complete the form found at oracle.com/oraclemagazine. For change of address, mail in label with the new address to: Oracle Magazine, P.O. Box 1263, Skokie, IL 60076-8263.

magazine cuStomer Serviceoracle@halldata.com fax +1.847.763.9638 phone +1.847.763.9635

privacy Oracle Publishing allows sharing of its mailing list with selected third parties. If you prefer that your mailing address or e-mail address not be included in this program, contact Customer Service at oracle@halldata.com.

copyright © 2013, oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or other wise reproduced without permission from the editors. ORACLE MAGAZINE IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS. ORACLE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ORACLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF OR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Oracle Magazine (ISSN 1065-3171) is published bimonthly with a free subscription price by: Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, MS OPL-3C, Redwood City, CA 94065-1600. Periodicals Postage Paid at Redwood City, CA, and additional mailing offices. • POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: Oracle Magazine, P.O. Box 1263, Skokie, IL 60076-8263.

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editorialeditor in chief Tom Haunert tom.haunert@oracle.commanaging editor Jan Rogers jan.rogers@oracle.com

Senior editor Caroline Kvitka caroline.kvitka@oracle.comassociate editor Patty Waddington

contributing editor and Writer Blair Campbelltechnology advisor Tom Kyte

contributors Marta Bright, Meg Ehman, Jeff Erickson, Curran Mahowald, Fred Sandsmark, Rich Schwerin, Leslie Steere

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MashUp News. Views. Trends. Tools.

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Binaural BeatsUse the simple interface of this app to customize your listening experience for focus or relaxation. Sliding bars enable you to adjust the frequency delta and the base tone to create your unique beat. You can perform other tasks on your device while you are focused and alert. Free (iPhone). bit.ly/16jZ5dR

eBrainWave EntrainmentChoose your music, ambient noise, and brainwave frequency to create the perfect combination of sound and reach your desired state of mind. This app promotes memory stimulation, focused attention, and an energized body. US$0.99 (iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad). bit.ly/13k1REV

Brain Hack 2.0This app has 11 different options for states of mind, including alertness, confidence, creativity, high focus, and stress release. Choose your session time and settle in; the sound will stop automatically after whatever duration you choose. US$2.99 (iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad).brain-hack.net

AmbiScience Pure Sleep PremiumDesigned specifically to help you fall asleep, this app offers music tracks, entertainment tracks, and nature loops. Create a variety of combinations and see which one soothes you the most. US$1.99 (Android, iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad). teslasoftware.com

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Analytics’ Biggest Benefit: Better Decision-MakingNearly half of companies say the greatest benefi t of using data analytics is that it enables better decision-making. Representatives of more than 75 companies across various industry sectors in North America, the UK, and Asia were surveyed.

SO13_mashup.indd 6 7/26/13 10:45 AM

7EvEnts

oraclE magazinE September/october 2013

InteropSeptember 30–October 4, New York, New Yorkfinterop.com/newyorkInterop focuses on IT infrastructure and net-working technologies for the forward-looking technology community. More than 125 confer-ence sessions and 300 exhibitors are expected.

Oracle Day 2013October and November, various cities worldwideforacle.com/oracledayPresented admission-free in nearly 100 cities worldwide, Oracle Day helps attendees see innovation in practice and helps attendees see innovation in practice, understand how the world is changing, and position their organizations to drive innovation. Topics include cloud, mobile, social, big data, and the Internet of Things.

Gartner Symposium ITxpoOctober 6–10, Orlando, Floridafbit.ly/qm8wp4This gathering of CIOs and senior IT executives offers more than 500 analyst sessions, work-shops, roundtables, mastermind keynotes, 10 role-based tracks, and 11 industry tracks.

HR Technology ConferenceOctober 7–9, Las Vegas, Nevadafhrtechconference.comThis is the largest yearly international gathering

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CAMP IT Portfolio Management ConferenceOctober 8–9, Chicago, Illinoisfbit.ly/14tbGxGAt this conference, IT leaders learn how to define, implement, and deliver their projects; pri-oritize their work; assemble and align resources; report on results; and more.

Higher Education User Group ConferencesOctober 9–10, London, Englandfbit.ly/13ysTEOHigher Education User Group members gather to share knowledge, experiences, and solutions related to Oracle applications. Check for regional events in October and November.

UK Oracle User Group Applications ConferenceOctober 14–16, London, Englandfapps13.ukoug.orgThis new conference features end-user presenta-tions of product roadmaps for Oracle E-Business Suite, Oracle’s business intelligence and customer relationship management applications, plus Oracle Hyperion and Oracle’s PeopleSoft product families.

ORACLE USER GROUPS

UKOUG Partner of the Year Awards October 3, London, Englandukoug.org

Southeastern Michigan Oracle Professionals MeetingsOctober 8 and November 12, Southfield, Michigansemop.org

Slovenian Oracle Users Group ConferenceOctober 14–16, Ljubljana, Sloveniasioug.si

New Zealand Oracle Users Group Committee MeetingOctober 21, onlinebit.ly/1070nfh

Western Canada Regional User Group ConferenceOctober 21–22, Edmonton, Alberta, Canadabit.ly/1070pno

Queensland Regional User Group MeetingOctober 22, Brisbane, Queensland, Australiabit.ly/17DlWqq

UKOUG Availability Infrastructure and Management SIG MeetingOctober 22, Solihull, Englandukoug.org

Northwest Oracle Users Group ConferenceNovember 4, Portland, Oregonnwoug.org

Chartered Institute for IT Berkshire Branch MeetingNovember 5, Reading, Englandbit.ly/1915k9K

Western Australian User Group MeetingNovember 14, Perth, Western Australiabit.ly/11YqkHX

Oracle Benelux User Group PeopleSoft SIG MeetingNovember 15, Voorthuizen, Netherlandsobug.nl

Victorian Regional User Group MeetingNovember 15, Melbourne, Australiabit.ly/165S2I6

Engineered Systems Business Intelligence SeminarNovember 20, Lagos, Nigeriaoracle.com/events

South Australian Regional User Group MeetingNovember 28, Adelaide, Australiabit.ly/11YqkHX

Technology EventsConferences and sessions to help you stay on the cutting edge

Oracle OpenWorld 2013September 22–26, San Francisco, CaliforniaFeaturing thousands of sessions, including keynotes, technical sessions, demos, and hands-on labs, Oracle OpenWorld is the most important event and networking opportunity of the year for Oracle technologists, customers, and partners. Hundreds of exhibitors are on hand, and there are endless opportunities to trade information with peers and gain insights from experts. oracle.com/openworld

SO13_Events.indd 7 7/26/13 10:32 AM

8

September/october 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

events

Big Data TechConOctober 15–17, San Francisco, Californiafbit.ly/18pvpTdThis conference offers practical, how-to classes and tutorials for database and business analysts, developers, software architects, data scientists, and project managers. Topics include Apache Hadoop, Hadoop MapReduce, R, Apache Hive, and Apache Pig.

VMworld 2013 EuropeOctober 15–17, Barcelona, Spainfbit.ly/14QEqxeThousands of IT professionals and decision-makers learn how to leverage virtualization for computing, storage, networking, security, avail-ability services, mobility, and more.

Cloud ConnectOctober 21–23, Chicago, Illinoisfbit.ly/12BGBtTThis conference helps enterprise and small-to-midsize businesses navigate cloud technologies. Lectures, panels, tutorials, and roundtable dis-cussions are scheduled.

OAUG Connection PointOctober 22–23, Washington DCfbit.ly/11vl93oThe Oracle Applications Users Group (OAUG); DC-OAUG; and the OAUG Hyperion, OBI, and Upgrade special interest groups collaborate to present two days of education. The focus is on implementing, supporting, and maintaining Oracle E-Business Suite and Oracle’s enterprise performance management applications and business intelligence systems.

Eloqua Experience North AmericaOctober 23–25, San Francisco, Californiafeloquaexperience.comLearn from top marketing professionals at

leading brands that are using Oracle Eloqua mar-keting automation technology to power revenue performance. Share ideas and network during interactive sessions, demos, and other activities.

CMAA National ConferenceOctober 27–29, Las Vegas, Nevadafbit.ly/13SJliiThe annual conference of the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) features education, deal-making, and inspira-tion. Topics include public-private partnerships, knowledge management, and new technology.

PMI Global Congress North AmericaOctober 27–29, New Orleans, Louisianafbit.ly/11rGARUJoin thousands of Project Management Institute (PMI) members for programs that provide prac-tical information to increase project efficiency, productivity, and profitability. A day-long work-shop on October 26 precedes the conference.

O’Reilly Strata Conference October 28–30, New York, New YorkNovember 11–13, London, Englandfstrataconf.comTopics for these conferences include distributed and real-time data processing, data science best practices, the changing role of business intel-ligence, visualization and design principles, and more. The New York conference also includes Hadoop World.

Powering the CloudOctober 29–30, Frankfurt, Germanyfpoweringthecloud.comComprising three events—SNW Europe, Datacenter Technologies, and Virtualization World—this conference covers the key IT ele-ments of any cloud strategy, including data storage, data management, data protection, and

security, along with desktop, server, storage, and network virtualization.

Sangam13 November 8–9, Hyderabad, Indiafsangam13.infoCohosted by the All India Oracle User Group, India OAUG, and local Java user groups, this gathering features database, applications, devel-oper, and Java tracks as well as hands-on labs.

DEVOXX BelgiumNovember 11–15, Antwerp, Belgiumfdevoxx.beOrganized by the Belgian Java User Group, this conference welcomes nearly 3,500 par-ticipants, including 195 speakers giving 200 presentations. Nine educational tracks cover Java Platform, Enterprise Edition; Java Platform, Standard Edition; Java Virtual Machine; lan-guages; cloud; big data; and other topics.

Healthcare IT SummitNovember 17–20, Palm Springs, Californiafbit.ly/10PltiyThis summit covers the trends, people, innova-tions, and policies that affect technology used by healthcare providers and payers.

DOAG 2013 Conference and ExhibitionNovember 19–21, Nuremberg, Germanyfbit.ly/11vlMKlSponsored by the German Oracle User Group, this conference—the biggest Oracle event in Europe—offers keynotes, technical lectures, an exhibition hall, and peer interaction.

BYTE into BIG Data SummitNovember 21–22, Bangalore, Indiafbit.ly/11SaoadThis new gathering brings together data anal-ysis, storage, and management professionals and decision-makers in media and entertain-ment, retail, health and science, public sector, financial services, and other industries.

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TUTORIALSOracle Database 12c 2-Day DBA Series This introductory series of short Oracle by Example tutorials will help you get started using Oracle Database 12c. Topics include installing Oracle Database and creating a database, getting started with Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express, using the listener control utility, managing the Oracle instance, managing database storage structure, administering user accounts and security, managing schema objects, performing backup and recovery, monitoring and tuning the database, and managing Oracle Database software.�bit.ly/14HfFpQ

Performing Basic Tasks in Oracle MultitenantThis tutorial covers the steps for performing basic tasks on container databases and pluggable databases. You will learn how to connect a pluggable database to a con-tainer database, manage container data-bases and pluggable databases, manage the storage in a container database and its pluggable databases, manage security in pluggable databases, and more.�bit.ly/12WKZRH

Protecting Data with Data RedactionThis Oracle Database 12c tutorial covers how data redaction can be used to dynami-cally hide sensitive data. Redaction policies can be set to specify the table columns to be protected, and from which user accounts the data should be hidden. �bit.ly/1a9qFyA

Setting Up Compression Tiering for Automatic Data OptimizationThis Oracle Database 12c tutorial covers how to set up information lifecycle man-agement policies so that less frequently modified tables are automatically com-pressed at block level.�bit.ly/172COU2

“ Securing ADF Applications to Oracle Cloud by Using Oracle JDeveloper”

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New Oracle E-Business Suite Extensions for Oracle EndecaOracle E-Business Suite Extensions for Oracle Endeca are now available. Leveraging Oracle Endeca Information Discovery technology, the out-of-the-box solutions enable organiza-tions to explore their operational data in real time, so they can focus on the transactions that require immediate attention and have a measurable impact on business. The exten-sions are also available for mobile devices.

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Java Development Tools Enhanced for Mobile and CloudOracle has released Oracle Application Development Framework (Oracle ADF) 12c, Oracle JDeveloper 12c, and Oracle Enterprise Pack for Eclipse 12c. These tools enable developers to rapidly and efficiently build multichannel applications for web, cloud, and on premises, while providing a richer end-user experience.

Oracle ADF 12c features better support for touch-based user interfaces on tablets and adaptive layouts; new data visualiza-tion components that display information in timelines, treemaps, list views, and sun-bursts; and a new REST data control that simplifies integration of REST-based busi-ness services.

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11BRIEFS

ORACLE MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013

Oracle Service Cloud Now Offers Robust Support for MobileDesigned for mobile customer service agents, specialists, and managers, the new release of Oracle Service Cloud features robust capabili-ties for users to improve productivity and res-olution time. Leveraging Oracle Tap for iOS, a native application for the iPad, Oracle Service Cloud includes Oracle RightNow Cloud Service and introduces an Oracle RightNow mobile agent for the iPad.

“The new release of Oracle Service Cloud with Oracle RightNow Mobile Agent App spe-cifically addresses and solves important pain points for the mobile employee,” says David Vap, group vice president of product devel-opment at Oracle. “Organizations will dis-cover increased efficiency through unteth-ered access to real-time, up-to-date contact records and service history information, ensuring that interactions with customers are timely, relevant, and engaging.”

fusiontap.oracle.com

Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Release 3 Enhances Cloud Management

Now available for download, the latest release of Oracle Enterprise Manager offers capabilities for deploying and man-aging business appli-

cations in an enterprise cloud, enhanced business application management, and inte-grated hardware-software management for engineered systems, such as Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine and Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud.

“As organizations are increasingly deploying clouds, cloud service providers are facing a number of management chal-lenges,” says Sushil Kumar, vice president of product strategy and business develop-ment at Oracle. “With these enhanced features we are enabling cloud service pro-viders to increase the efficiency and agility of their cloud environments. Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Release 3 advances the state of the art in cloud management for service providers.”

oracle.com/enterprisemanager

Oracle Communications Services Gatekeeper 5.1 Now AvailableThe latest release of Oracle Communications Services Gatekeeper enables communica-tions service providers (CSPs) to develop prof-itable new business models, improve returns on existing network investments, and launch new services—quickly and inexpensively. Oracle Communications Services Gatekeeper 5.1 provides comprehensive analytics and partner management portals and introduces preintegrated solutions that consolidate and expose network capabilities to accelerate service development and monetize partner and over-the-top network usage.

“In a competitive communications mar-

ketplace, it is vital that CSPs can rapidly deploy new and exciting services that meet customer and partner expectations,” says Bhaskar Gorti, senior vice president and general manager, Oracle Communications. “The latest release of Oracle Communications Services Gatekeeper provides CSPs with industry-standard technology combined with sophisticated management tools and analytics to securely open up networks to third-party services and applications while also helping to monetize those services and increase customer satisfaction.”

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Oracle Hyperion Enterprise Performance Management UpdatedThe latest release of the Oracle Hyperion enterprise performance management (EPM) applications features an enhanced user expe-rience and new integrations. Release 11.1.2.3 of the Oracle Hyperion EPM applications enables organizations to plan and forecast more fre-quently and broadly across the enterprise, identify profitable growth opportunities, and provide real-time management insights about financial and operational results.

“To unlock the potential in their business, finance executives and operating man-agers need agile planning processes, better

insights into profitability, and real-time visibility into financial and operating perfor-mance,” says Hari Sankar, vice president of product management at Oracle. “The new release of the Oracle Hyperion enterprise performance management applications con-tinues to deliver on our vision of providing best-in-class functionality, in an integrated and modular suite, that integrates seam-lessly with Oracle and SAP ERP [enterprise resource planning] applications to enable more-agile decision-making.”

bit.ly/1apw3kt

Oracle’s Exalytics X3-4 Powers Real-Time Analytical InsightsOracle’s Exalytics In-Memory Machine X3-4, the latest release of the industry’s first high-speed engineered system for busi-ness analytics, includes significant software enhancements and hardware updates. It features 2 TB of main memory, plus com-pression, to allow users to analyze larger data sets and more aggregates at various levels of granularity in-memory. With 2.4 TB of flash storage and 5.4 TB of hard disk storage, Exalytics In-Memory Machine X3-4 enables performance improvements of up to 25 times in load times and 9 times in calculation times when running multiple Oracle Essbase cubes concurrently. Exalytics In-Memory Machine X3-4 works seamlessly with Oracle Business Intelligence Mobile, making it appropriate for large mobile deployments. Oracle also released system upgrades to increase memory capacity for

existing Exalytics X2-4 customers, and updated software for all Exalytics customers.

“Unlocking data in a quick, easy, and timely manner can be a strong competitive advantage,” says Paul Rodwick, vice president of product management at Oracle. “Exalytics In-Memory Machine X3-4 delivers powerful business analytics, reinforcing our commit-ment to innovating and delivering maximum value through analytics by allowing our cus-tomers to spend less time on complicated integrations and more time providing real-time answers to strategic business questions.”

bit.ly/omagexalytics

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September/october 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

Briefs

Oracle Delivers New and Enhanced Business Intelligence ApplicationsOracle has unveiled Oracle Business Intelligence Applications Release 11.1.1.7.1, which incorporates significant enhancements across the entire product line, providing orga-nizations with greater insight, more quickly and efficiently. The new release also intro-duces new in-memory analytic applications for indirect spend planning and student infor-mation analysis for academic institutions.

“The business applications our customers rely on daily to manage operations contain a wealth of valuable data about their business, including resources, finances, employees, and

customers. Unlocking this data can deliver undeniable competitive advantages, yet many businesses still struggle to gain access to the intelligence they need quickly and easily,” says Paul Rodwick, vice president of product management at Oracle. “The latest enhance-ments and additions to Oracle Business Intelligence Applications help organizations implement rich analytics more surely and quickly, and provide business users across the enterprise the insights they need to analyze and transform business processes.”

bit.ly/12DZ9DY

PeopleSoft Campus Solutions Optimizes Mobile AccessOracle has enhanced the mobile capabilities of its PeopleSoft Campus Solutions products to enable students to take action on key processes through a secure smartphone application. The solutions’ mobile features are built on a flexible foundation using Oracle Application Development Framework Mobile (Oracle ADF Mobile), which enables institutions to extend their mobile applica-tions to include websites and other content that students can access through their mobile devices.

“With Oracle’s new mobile functionalities for PeopleSoft Campus Solutions, students will have immediate, personal, and easy access to information when they need it—and wherever they are,” says Cole Clark, global vice president of education and research at Oracle. “Now, higher education institutions have a choice of mobile platforms and a flex-ible technology framework with Oracle ADF

Mobile, which enables them to roll out more information and functionality, maxi-mizing value for their end users.”

bit.ly/1apsBGEEnhanced Application Mobility for Oracle Secure Global DesktopAvailable now, Oracle Secure Global Desktop 5.0 leverages HTML5 to extend secure, anywhere access to cloud-hosted and on-premises enterprise applications and desk-tops from Apple iPad and iPad mini tablets, without the need for a virtual private network (VPN) client. Oracle Secure Global Desktop provides access to a broad range of server-based applications and desktops, including those running on Windows, Oracle Solaris, Oracle Linux, and legacy mainframe and

midrange systems. “Enterprise users expect increasingly

more mobile access to applications that are often designed to run on desktop PCs. Oracle Secure Global Desktop provides IT with a highly secure remote access solution for such applications, and even full desktop environ-ments, from tablets,” says Wim Coekaerts, senior vice president of Linux and virtualiza-tion engineering at Oracle.

bit.ly/12m6Ge4

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New MySQL Cluster 7.3 Accelerates Web DevelopmentTo help organizations meet the high- availability database challenges of next-generation web, cloud, social, and mobile services, Oracle has delivered MySQL Cluster 7.3. With a new NoSQL JavaScript connector for node.js, MySQL Cluster 7.3 makes it simpler and faster for developers to build services deployed across clusters of commodity hardware, with minimum development and operational effort.

“The latest MySQL Cluster 7.3 GA release blends the agility, performance, and scale demanded by web, mobile, and emerging application workloads, with the data integrity and high availability only offered by RDBMS platforms,” says Tomas Ulin, vice president of MySQL engineering at Oracle. “It is a winning combination, reflecting the priorities of our largest developers and users.”

mysql.com/products/cluster

Oracle Application Development Framework Mobile UpdatedNow available, the latest release of Oracle’s Java-based mobile development framework, Oracle Application Development Framework Mobile (Oracle ADF Mobile) Release 1.1, is designed to help enterprises keep up with rapidly evolving mobile technologies. It adds device-native push notification support, infrastructure enhancements that optimize application performance, support for new versions of mobile operating systems, and a new device integration infrastructure based

on Apache Cordova, enabling the develop-ment of more-advanced mobile applications.

“Oracle ADF Mobile is the only cross-platform solution based on Java, the stan-dard for enterprise software, that enables application development for both iOS and Android devices—offering Java developers an easy way to become mobile developers,” says Chris Tonas, vice president of application development tools at Oracle.

bit.ly/12ZOanj

Oracle Argus Cloud Service Delivers Global MonitoringTo help health sciences organizations meet stringent regulatory requirements, Oracle Health Sciences has expanded Oracle Argus Cloud Service to enable global monitoring and provide new insight into adverse events and pharmacovigilance programs.

“Trial sponsors and contract research organizations can manage their end-to-end safety and pharmacovigilance programs

with a leading solution suite while ben-efiting from a cloud-based delivery model that helps accelerate time to value, reduces risk, cuts total cost of IT ownership, and provides unprecedented performance and scalability,” says Neil de Crescenzo, senior vice president and general manager, Oracle Health Sciences.

bit.ly/15gpcTy

SO13_briefs.indd 12 7/26/13 10:57 AM

Source: IDC, “Worldwide Relational Database Management Systems 2013 – 2017 Forecast and 2012 Vendor Shares,” IDC #241292, May 2013; Table 1, (Relational Database Management Systems). Vendor share based on software license and maintenance revenue. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

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15news by DaviD baum

oracle magazine September/october 2013

I n a much-anticipated release, Oracle unveiled Oracle Database 12c in July.

According to Oracle President Mark Hurd, Oracle has advanced the state of the art in database technology with innovations that no other vendor can match, most notably the first multitenant database for the cloud.

“We have been in the database business for 36 years, and we are constantly acceler-ating the pace of innovation,” Hurd said at a launch webcast on July 10. “Oracle Database 12c is a breakthrough release that makes cloud computing better—a lot better.”

PluggIng Into the CloudThe “game-changing innovation” of Oracle Database 12c, said Andy Mendelsohn, senior vice president, Oracle Database Server Technologies, is pluggable databases, which are supported through a new architecture and database option called Oracle Multitenant. “Just as virtualization lets you turn a physical server into a collection of virtual machines, Oracle Multitenant lets you turn a physical Oracle database into a collection of pluggable databases, each of which looks and feels like a physical Oracle database to the applications with which it is associated,” he explained.

With Oracle Database 12c, these applica-tions can run unchanged in a secure isolated environment. Powerful resource manage-ment capabilities ensure that each pluggable database receives its fair share of system resources. This architecture also streamlines database consolidation in private clouds, with greater hardware efficiency and easier man-agement. For public cloud deployments and software-as-a-service (SaaS) providers, Oracle Database 12c enables multitenancy within the database tier rather than the application tier.

“For the first time, all the power of Oracle

Database is available to SaaS applications in a secure and isolated fashion,” Mendelsohn said. “Pluggable databases have been designed with both public and private cloud computing in mind, with attributes such as fast provisioning, cloning, flexible resource management, and support for all Oracle Database features such as Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC), partitioning, Oracle Active Data Guard, Oracle Advanced Compression, and data-base security.”

dIsseCtIng MultItenantAccording to Patrick Wheeler, senior director, Oracle product management, pluggable databases are self-contained, fully functional Oracle Database instances. Many of them can be plugged into a single multitenant con-tainer database, which enables organizations to manage many databases as one, signifi-cantly reducing operating expenses.

This architecture is particularly useful for SaaS vendors. “SaaS environments have multiple copies of the same application, used by various tenants,” said Wheeler. “Oracle Multitenant lets you manage all of these tenants at once yet delineate the isolation and security requirements.” Each individual tenant connects to the application as if it were a separate isolated database, he con-tinued. This makes it easier for SaaS vendors to deliver standardized services in the cloud. They can provision individual tenant data-bases of many sizes and plug them into a con-tainer database managed at the appropriate level of a service-level agreement.

These database tenant distinctions are particularly significant in comparison to traditional consolidation methods, which typically involve creating virtual machines to host multiple applications on a single physical server. While this type of virtualiza-tion reduces physical sprawl, organizations still have to contend with virtual sprawl.

hundreds of new featuresAlthough Oracle Multitenant grabs the lime-light in the new Oracle Database release, there are more than 500 other added fea-tures designed to transform how organiza-tions store, manage, and use information. “It is difficult to summarize just how powerful and comprehensive this database manage-ment system is,” said Mendelsohn. He went on to single out a few prominent features:automatic data optimization. To help organizations efficiently manage growing volumes of data while lowering storage costs and improving database performance, Oracle Database 12c includes new Automatic Data Optimization features, including Heat Map, which helps DBAs automate informa-Bo

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Cloud Computing Breakthroughoracle unveils new multitenant architecture in oracle database 12c.

Oracle President Mark Hurd

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16 news

September/october 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

tion lifecycle management tasks. As Mendelsohn explained, the “tempera-

ture” of rows stored in database tables and partitions changes over time, depending on the level of activity. For example, rows inserted from online transaction processing (OLTP) applications typically start out “hot,” with multiple inserts and updates. These rows “cool down” as they are used less frequently, often for business intelligence and other read-only purposes. Heat Map monitors this read/write activity so that DBAs can more easily identify patterns. Then, using smart compression and storage tiering, they can quickly define poli-cies that govern how data is automatically compressed and moved among tiers—such as OLTP, data warehouse, and archive—based on the activity and the age of the data.

As a result, information lifecycle manage-ment becomes much easier. Rather than writing scripts or manually moving data, DBAs can devise simple policies for implementing storage tiering and compression.

“Heat Map gives you insight into exactly which data is being accessed, so you can devise simple declarative policies governing what to do with the data,” Mendelsohn said. “The database will move and compress the data automatically, reducing costs and improving performance.” Defense-in-Depth Security. Oracle Database 12c includes more security inno-vations than any previous Oracle Database

release. For example, Data Redaction enables organizations to protect sensitive data such as credit card numbers displayed in applications, without changes to those applications. Sensitive data is redacted at runtime, based on predefined policies and account session information. Another new security feature called Privilege Analysis makes it easy to identify the privileges and roles currently being used so you can revoke unnecessary privileges and enforce “least privilege” without disrupting busi-ness operations.High Availability for Database Clouds. Oracle Database 12c introduces several high-availability features to enable continuous access to enterprise data. For example, Active Data Guard Far Sync extends zero-data-loss standby protection to any database, irre-spective of latency or location. Application Continuity complements Oracle RAC by masking application failures from end users and automatically replaying failed transac-tions. Flex Automatic Storage Management (Flex ASM) decouples the database from the storage layer to enable zero-downtime upgrades. A primary Flex ASM environment can fail over to a secondary site through Flex ASM provisioning while still keeping the database nodes up in the primary site and masking interruptions from users.Administrative Efficiencies for DBAs. Seamless integration between Oracle Database 12c and Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Cloud Control enables DBAs to reduce the time and effort required to meet quality-of-service objectives. In conjunc-tion with this mature systems management software, Oracle Database 12c automates and simplifies common administrative tasks such as database provisioning, perfor-mance tuning, troubleshooting, upgrades, patching, and metering database services for charge-back purposes. A self-service portal enables developers, testers, admin-istrators, and other self-service users to log on and request new single-instance or clus-tered databases and perform basic manage-ment operations.

“One of Oracle’s objectives with this release was to insulate the database from routine administrative tasks and make it easier to manage,” said Carl Olofson,

research vice president of application devel-opment and deployment at International Data Corp. (IDC), in a recent interview about developments in the database industry. Robust Analysis of Big Data. In addition to exceptional performance for OLTP applica-tions, Oracle Database 12c includes com-prehensive in-database analytic tools for big data. For example, SQL pattern matching enables business analysts to discover pat-terns in business event sequences. And the integration of open source R brings a huge library of predictive algorithms to data scien-tists and business analysts.

According to Mendelsohn, these and the more than 500 other new Oracle Database 12c features have been thoroughly developed and tested through 2,500 person-years of development and 1.2 million hours of testing in a private cloud environment that includes 3,000 dev/test systems. Summing up the webcast, he explained the fundamental drivers of this momentous release.

“The c in Oracle Database 12c stands not only for cloud but also for consolidate, control, and—most importantly—customers,” said Mendelsohn. “This release was driven by customer requirements. From the outset, we have been motivated to make it a great plat-form for their needs.”

“Oracle Database 12c is a game-changer, a truly innovative technology that will make you rethink how you use databases,” Hurd said. “It has reshaped our business and is the foundation of our expanding cloud business. Whether you are consolidating databases or getting ready to deploy a private cloud—or a SaaS vendor with a public cloud offering—the innovations in this release will help you lower IT costs, minimize data center complexity, and be more responsive to your business requirements.”

WATCH the Oracle Database 12c launch webcastbit.ly/1bhMlM0LEARN more about Oracle Database 12coracle.com/database

NExT STEpS

David Baum (david@dbaumcomm.com) is a freelance writer.

Andy Mendelsohn, Senior Vice president, Oracle Database Server Technologies

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17

oracle magazine September/october 2013

news by Diana reicharDt

In a series of strategic announcements, Oracle recently introduced three

partnerships to deliver better integration and flexibility to cloud users. The alliances with Microsoft, Salesforce.com, and NetSuite address the applications, platform, and infrastructure tiers of cloud computing.

“These partnerships in the cloud I think will reshape the cloud and reshape the per-ception of Oracle technology in the cloud,” said Oracle CEO Larry Ellison during the company’s June 20, 2013, earnings call.

Run ORacle SOftwaRe On wIndOwS SeRveR and azuReOracle and Microsoft announced a partner-ship that will enable organizations to run and deploy Oracle software on Windows Server Hyper-V and in Windows Azure. As part of the agreement, Oracle will certify and support Oracle software, including Java, Oracle Database, and Oracle WebLogic Server, on Windows Server Hyper-V and in Windows Azure. Microsoft will also offer these software products to Windows Azure customers, and Oracle will make Oracle Linux available to Windows Azure customers.

“Microsoft is deeply committed to giving businesses what they need, and clearly that is the ability to run enterprise workloads in private clouds, public clouds and, increas-ingly, across both,” said Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer. “Now our customers will be able to take advantage of the flexibility our unique hybrid cloud solutions offer for their Oracle applications, middleware, and data-bases, just like they have been able to do on Windows Server for years.”

IntegRate clOudSOracle and Salesforce.com announced a comprehensive nine-year partnership in which Salesforce.com plans to standardize on the Oracle Linux operating system,

Oracle Exadata engineered systems, Oracle Database, and the Java middleware platform. Oracle plans to integrate Salesforce.com with Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management and Oracle Financials Cloud applications, and provide the core technology to power Salesforce.com’s applications and plat-form. Salesforce.com will also implement Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management and Oracle Financials Cloud applications throughout the company.

“When customers choose cloud applica-tions, they expect rapid low-cost implemen-tations; they also expect application inte-grations to work right out of the box—even

when the applications are from different vendors,” Ellison explained. “That’s why Marc [Salesforce.com CEO Marc Benioff] and I believe it’s important that our two companies work together to make it happen, and inte-grate the Salesforce.com and Oracle clouds.”

cReate cOmpetItIve advantage Oracle and NetSuite announced a strategic alliance focused on plans to deliver inte-grated human capital management (HCM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) cloud services for midsize customers.

Oracle plans to develop a product inte-gration and go-to-market strategy with NetSuite for Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management Cloud Service and NetSuite Cloud ERP to deliver a single, integrated solution that seamlessly connects human resources and finance systems for midsize customers. For large organizations where Oracle Human Capital Management applica-tions are already deployed, two-tier deploy-ments of NetSuite in smaller subsidiaries will connect with its corporate HR system.

“Driving the development and retention of the right talent and getting strategic data around HR practices can help midsize com-panies transform their business operations,” says Oracle President Mark Hurd.

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Partnering in the CloudOracle enters into agreements with microsoft, salesforce.com, and Netsuite.

“These partnerships . . . will reshape the cloud and reshape the perception of Oracle technology in the cloud.”—Larry Ellison, CEO, Oracle

Read about the partnerships Oracle and Microsoft bit.ly/12smdUlOracle and Salesforce.comoracle.com/us/corporate/press/1964798Oracle and NetSuiteoracle.com/us/corporate/press/1966087

NexT STePS

diana Reichardt is a senior writer at Oracle.

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September/october 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

news by Diana reicharDt

O racle has unveiled its latest Oracle Cloud Application Foundation,

which integrates network load balancing, application server, and in-memory data grid capabilities into a foundation for cloud and conventional computing. Two key components are Oracle WebLogic Server 12.1.2 and Oracle Coherence 12.1.2.

“Cloud is becoming a key enabler for companies to introduce new products, reduce cost, and increase productivity,” says Cameron Purdy, vice president of develop-ment at Oracle. “Oracle Cloud Application Foundation offers a unified platform across conventional and cloud environments, so customers can leverage their existing invest-ment in Oracle WebLogic Server and Oracle Coherence and move to the cloud at a pace that meets the needs of their business.”

Oracle WeblOgic ServerOracle WebLogic Server 12.1.2 delivers a mission-critical cloud platform for Java applications, enables the efficient manage-ment of cloud environments, and provides a modern development platform for building innovative applications.

“One of the really exciting things in Oracle WebLogic 12.1.2 is our new dynamic clustering capability,” says Purdy. “You can take a cluster and elastically scale it up and down without having to preconfigure addi-tional servers.”

It also features more-efficient resource management and simplified Java Message Service (JMS) administration for operational efficiency and delivers complete certification and integration with Oracle Database 12c, including support for pluggable database access and database application continuity capabilities for increased availability.

“Oracle WebLogic Server enables the database cluster and the application server cluster to work cooperatively to manage the resources necessary to provide concurrent connections for the pluggable databases in a cluster,” Purdy says.

Oracle cOherenceOracle Coherence 12.1.2, Oracle’s in-memory data grid solution, enables organizations to predictably scale mission-critical applications by providing fast access to frequently used data. It includes a rich set of processing and event capabilities, so applications can scale processing with increased data volumes. By automatically and dynamically partitioning data, Oracle Coherence ensures continuous data availability and transactional integrity, even in the event of a server failure.

Oracle Coherence 12.1.2 has been enhanced to power applications with the real-time availability of database changes through

the Oracle Coherence GoldenGate HotCache feature of Oracle Coherence, Grid Edition.

“When something changes in the data-base, Oracle GoldenGate—working with Oracle TopLink—pushes that data up into the application,” says Purdy. “Combine this with the HTML5 features in Oracle WebLogic Server, and your mobile application can now get those updates in real time, and no changes to the application are required.”

FOundatiOn FOr engineered SyStemSBoth Oracle WebLogic Server and Oracle Coherence are optimized to run on Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, an engineered system that provides application performance, reli-ability, and scalability.

“We’ve made a lot of investment in Oracle Cloud Application Foundation to focus on high availability, density, and performance across multiple data centers,” says Ajay Patel, vice president of Oracle Cloud Application Foundation product management. “Tie that together with the investment we have in engineered systems, and we take you to the next level: a dif-ferentiated platform for delivering extreme performance, reduced cost, and faster time to delivery.”

Cameron Purdy, Vice President of Development, Oracle

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Diana Reichardt is a senior writer at oracle.

A Foundation for Cloud ComputingNew releases of oracle Weblogic Server and oracle Coherence are optimized for the cloud.

WATCH the launch webcastbit.ly/18YAKr3LeARn more about Oracle WebLogic Server 12.1.2 bit.ly/18gUiNrOracle Coherence 12.1.2bit.ly/13KPNNk

nexT STePS

SO13_news_weblogic.indd 18 7/26/13 11:53 AM

19IntervIew By Tom HaunerT

oracle magazIne SepTemBer/ocToBer 2013

Business analytics describes a variety of technologies and solutions, including

business intelligence (BI), enterprise performance management, and analytic applications. Oracle Magazine Editor in Chief Tom Haunert sat down with Paul Rodwick, vice president of product management at Oracle, to discuss business analytics innovation, the impact of in-memory technology, the challenge of and move to cloud integration, and more. Oracle Magazine: What is the origin of busi-ness analytics, and how is it defined today?Rodwick: Business analytics has a long history, starting back with decision support and reporting and data warehousing and business intelligence—things companies have been working on for, in some cases, 20 years or more. But really at its core, business analytics has expanded to include using information in an intelligent way to optimize processes, to simplify operations, and to innovate. In short, business analytics is really the key to innovation and getting ahead of the competition.Oracle Magazine: What are the core Oracle Business Analytics products and solutions?Rodwick: Business analytics is embedded throughout almost everything Oracle does because it’s important to everything that Oracle customers do. At the technology layer, some of the core products are Oracle Business Intelligence foundation and of course the analytics capabilities in the Oracle Database products—including Oracle Database for data warehousing and advanced analytics running in the database.

There is also a series of more than 80 prebuilt analytic applications on top of these technologies, as well as the Oracle Hyperion enterprise performance management appli-cations. A new entrant in Oracle Business Analytics that’s quite exciting is the Oracle Endeca Information Discovery applica-

tions, which enable self-service analysis of unstructured data. Finally, Oracle engineered systems are a very important part of the business analytics equation. They include Oracle Exadata, Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine, and Oracle Big Data Appliance.Oracle Magazine: What are the latest Oracle Business Analytics releases?Rodwick: Back in February 2013—following the acquisition of Endeca—Oracle introduced the first major function release of Oracle Endeca Information Discovery applications, Release 3.0. This release delivered greater levels of self-service and also internationalized the product for use across the globe.

That was immediately followed by a major Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition release, 11.1.1.7, which delivered 200 new features including new visualizations, easier self-service by business users, and a lot of other great capabilities such as connectors into Apache Hadoop for accessing big data.

That was immediately followed by Release 11.1.2.3 of Oracle Hyperion enterprise per-

formance management applications and their new application capabilities, and by Oracle Business Intelligence Applications 11.1.1.7.1, which was the biggest release in more than three years and introduced the use of embedded Oracle Data Integration tech-nology, a lot of new application content, and some brand-new analytic applications.

And then everything was rolled up together and offered in a new version of Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine.Oracle Magazine: Why are in-memory tech-nology in general and Oracle Exalytics in par-ticular important to business analytics? Rodwick: In-memory technology is key for business analytics because it helps scale up user communities and deliver speed-of-thought interactive analysis especially to mobile devices. It also enables new kinds of applications, such as bigger planning appli-cations and applications with greater levels of interactive visualization.

Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine was announced in October 2011, and it’s seen tremendous growth. Oracle has announced a new release, the third major release of Oracle Exalytics, which includes all the embedded software, updated and refreshed to make it easier to use, simpler to install, and able to deliver even greater perfor-mance. But we’ve also introduced brand-new hardware, the Exalytics In-Memory Machine X3-4, which increases the on-board RAM from 1 terabyte to 2 terabytes and also includes 2.4 terabytes of flash storage. All this adds up to greater capacity, greater capabilities, and faster performance.Oracle Magazine: How do business analytics, in general, and Oracle Business Analytics, specifically, address big data challenges? Rodwick: Oracle’s taken a really pragmatic approach to big data, going beyond the classic variety, velocity, and volume of data to

Paul Rodwick, Vice President of Product Management, Oracle

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In Business Togetheroracle Business Analytics solutions deliver answers, integration, innovation, and competitive advantage.

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20 IntervIew

September/OctOber 2013 Oracle.cOm/OraclemagazIne

concentrate on getting value out of the data. Oracle has solutions that allow companies to continue to use their data scientists, those precious resources with high skills who are very hard to find, but also open up big data to analysis by more business users and people who have SQL or BI skills.

For example, Oracle Endeca Information Discovery applications create a sandbox in big data Hadoop systems. There is new con-nectivity from Oracle Business Intelligence to Hadoop systems. And of course, Oracle Big Data Appliance and Oracle Big Data Connectors enable efficient evaluation or analysis of big data, and they enable the extraction and loading of portions of that data into an Oracle database.Oracle Magazine: What is the current status of business analytics in the cloud, and how is it evolving?Rodwick: It’s evolving very rapidly. At the core of all of Oracle’s SaaS [software as a service]

solutions is, of course, built-in reporting and analysis, and it’s all built on the same Oracle Business Analytics technologies. What we’re going to see very quickly is a move from having standalone analytics siloed within each different SaaS application, whether from Oracle or from other vendors, to having the ability to bring that all together for a cross-enterprise view.

We’re going to see deeper, richer ana-lytics built into all these SaaS applica-tions, with the ability to integrate them all together across Oracle and non-Oracle sources of information. And, we’ll see more-advanced analytics beyond the simple reporting that has generally been offered in SaaS applications, such as predictive ana-lytics, forecasting, and trending. Oracle Magazine: Going forward, what do you see as the biggest challenge that business analytics is facing?Rodwick: Oracle is offering more and dif-

ferent kinds of analysis with greater visu-alization, geospatial analysis, and big data analysis to be able to get at social media and other unstructured datasources.

All those capabilities are great, but one of the things that stops companies from adopting these technologies is the need to integrate them all together. So, one of Oracle’s primary strategies for business analytics is to integrate all these technolo-gies together so companies, as they mature, can more easily adopt new levels of ana-lytical sophistication.

READ more about business analyticsoracle.com/us/solutions/business-analytics/overviewOracle’s Exalytics In-Memory Machine X3-4 oracle.com/exalytics

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What’s exceptional about Cintra’s Architecture Blueprints and Oracle engineered systems? Here’s what our clients are saying…

Cintra is your one-stop shop for Oracle engineered systems. We offer full life cycle services from architecture design and blueprinted deployments to ongoing managed services; including production support for the full technology stack of hardware, operating system, database, and applications. With over 50 successful engineered systems deployments, Cintra is the authority on driving business value with Oracle’s engineered systems.

Contact us at cintra.com

US | 1-866-245-0881UK | +44 (0) 845 121 3242

“ The Database Appliance easily supported the demands of our peak seasonal traffic”

“ The Database Appliance architecture resolved our performance issues, I’m a Cintra fan”

“ Cintra’s architecture expertise was a breath of fresh air”

“ Our Oracle E-Business Suite deployment on the Database Appliance with Oracle VM has been smooth sailing with Cintra”

“ The Database Appliance architecture allowed us to rapidly consolidate”

“ Oracle’s Sun ZFS Storage Appliance has provided a 5X increase in performance”

“ Cintra gave me the confidence to bet my business on Oracle engineered systems”

“ Cintra enabled us to standardize on an Oracle Exadata database machine architecture”

“ Cintra’s Exadata expertise has allowed us to meet our daily sales reporting SLAs”

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21

ORACLE MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013

PARTNER NEWSBook Beat

LoadSpring Achieves Oracle PartnerNetwork Specialization for Primavera P6LoadSpring Solutions, an Oracle Gold Partner and a project management solution expert, has achieved Oracle PartnerNetwork Specialized status for Oracle’s Primavera P6Enterprise Project Portfolio Management 8. The new status recognizes LoadSpring’s expertise in cloud hosting, implementation, and training related to Primavera P6.

loadspring.com

Dell and Oracle Expand Strategic AllianceOracle and Dell have expanded their alliance with new x86 offerings that combine Dell hardware with Oracle software. Under a new worldwide agreement between the two com-panies, Oracle named Dell a preferred x86 partner, and Dell named Oracle a preferred enterprise infrastructure partner. Dell cus-tomers will gain access to Oracle’s infrastruc-ture technologies—including Oracle Linux, Oracle VM, and Oracle Enterprise Manager—that are optimized to run on Dell’s x86 hardware. The new Dell-Oracle infrastructure solutions will be tested and validated as application-ready platforms and delivered as a set of reference architectures, and the new products are expected to be available in the second half of 2013. The two companies will also collaborate to streamline customer support for the new products, with Dell pro-viding a single point of contact for support.

dell.com/oracle

Pro Oracle Database 12c Administration

By Darl KuhnApressapress.com

In Pro Oracle Database 12c Administration, author Darl Kuhn lays out real-world techniques that

lead to success as an Oracle DBA. He gives clear explanations on how to perform critical tasks and weaves in theory where necessary without bogging the reader down in unnec-essary detail. If you have “buck stops here” responsibility for an Oracle database, then Pro Oracle Database 12c Administration is the book you need to help elevate yourself to the level of elite Oracle DBA. The author has written books on a variety of IT topics including SQL, performance tuning, Linux, backup and recovery, Oracle Recovery Manager, and database administration.

Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c Deep Dive

By Michael New, Edward Whalen, and Matthew BurkeOracle Pressoraclepressbooks.com

Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c Deep Dive reveals the best ways

to implement a robust Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Cloud Control infrastructure and how to use many of the tool’s advanced features and management packs to admin-ister an IT environment. The book is divided into four major parts, the first of which focuses on installing, configuring, securing, and maintaining the Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Cloud Control infrastructure. Part II details best practices for the advanced capabilities used to administer the most commonly monitored targets: databases, hosts, storage, and middleware. Part III features a high-level description of manage-ment packs. Part IV shows how to manage Oracle E-Business Suite with related packs and their accelerators.

Oracle WebLogic Server 12c Advanced Administration Cookbook

By Dalton IwazakiPacktpacktpub.com

Oracle WebLogic Server 12c Advanced Administration Cookbook guides you through 70 recipes begin-

ning with the basics of Oracle WebLogic Server 12c installation and passing through JDBC, Java Message Service (JMS), cluster

configuration, and tuning. Each chapter covers a specific topic with complex solutions simplified and explained. The book covers the day-by-day tasks of an Oracle WebLogic administrator, and it’s enhanced with tips for building an Oracle WebLogic Server pro-duction environment focused on stability, high availability, and performance. It is ideal for those who know the basics of Oracle WebLogic Server but want to dive into more-advanced topics.

Database Cloud Storage: The Essential Guide to Oracle Automatic Storage Management

By Nitin Vengurlekar and Prasad BagalOracle Pressoraclepressbooks.com

This Oracle Press guide contains the latest infor-mation on the inner

workings of the Oracle Automatic Storage Management feature of Oracle Database and Oracle’s cloud storage management. Database Cloud Storage: The Essential Guide to Oracle Automatic Storage Management explains how to build and manage a scal-able cloud storage infrastructure with Oracle Automatic Storage Management. Readers will learn how to configure cloud storage solu-tions, build disk groups, use data striping and mirroring, and optimize performance. Details on ensuring consistency across server and storage platforms, maximizing data redun-dancy, and administering Oracle Automatic Storage Management are also included. Written by members of the team that devel-oped and managed Oracle Automatic Storage Management, the guide covers practical day-to-day usage, general operations, best practices, and tips and techniques.

Expert Oracle RAC 12cBy Syed Jaffar Hussain, Tariq Farooq, Riyaj Shamsudeen, and Kai Yu Apressapress.com

Expert Oracle RAC 12c, written by experienced

Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) engineers, teaches you how to under-stand and implement Oracle RAC and how to reduce the total cost of ownership of an Oracle RAC database. This book provides deep understanding of Oracle RAC concepts and implementation details that you can apply to your operational practices. Successful Oracle RAC operation hinges upon a fast-performing network interconnect, and this book dedicates a chapter to that important topic.

Look for other Oracle books at bit.ly/NjG3KM.

Intelligent Decisions Announces Oracle Platinum Partner StatusIntelligent Decisions has achieved Oracle Platinum Partner status, recognizing the compa-ny’s expertise in consoli-dation, virtualization, storage, and hosting for Oracle solutions. Founded in 1988, Intelligent Decisions develops, deploys, and maintains IT solutions for the civilian, defense, and intelligence communities within the US federal government.

intelligent.net

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013 ORACLE.COM/ORACLEMAGAZINE

22 PARTNER NEWS

Amplifi Commerce Announces Amplifi360Amplifi Commerce, an Oracle Gold Partner, has launched Amplifi360, a new e-commerce busi-ness process services offering based on the Oracle Commerce solution.

Amplifi360 enables clients to leverage Oracle’s Commerce solution via a subscrip-tion model and combine it with Amplifi’s offerings.

amplificommerce.com

Partners Earn Oracle Business Accelerators Qualified StatusTwo members of Oracle PartnerNetwork have achieved Oracle Business Accelerators Qualified status for Oracle’s JD Edwards EnterpriseOne. Oracle Business Accelerators are cloud-based tools that accelerate the implementation of Oracle Applications.

Oracle Platinum Partner MarketSphere added JD Edwards EnterpriseOne to its existing Oracle Business Accelerators qualification for Oracle E-Business Suite. MarketSphere delivers business advisory and consulting services for enterprise resource planning (ERP), enterprise performance management, human capital management, and business intelligence applications. The company has achieved nine Oracle PartnerNetwork Specializations and has expertise across the entire suite of Oracle applications and tools.

Oracle Platinum Partner Syntax, which sells and implements Oracle’s JD Edwards products in North America, achieved Oracle Business Accelerators Qualified status for Syntax’ Oracle Accelerate Solution for Industrial Manufacturing for JD Edwards. This cloud-based rapid implementation toolset combines the templates, wizards, and other features of Oracle Business Accelerators with the Syntax Express Accelerate Implementation Methodology to help industrial manufacturers implement tier 1 ERP applications quickly and cost-effectively. Syntax has been involved with the Oracle Accelerate program since the pro-gram’s inception.

marketsphere.com/oraclesyntax.com

Oracle PartnerNetwork Exchange @ OpenWorldOracle will present a special program exclu-sively for partners at Oracle OpenWorld, September 22 through 26 in San Francisco, California. Oracle PartnerNetwork Exchange @ OpenWorld features five targeted tracks, more than 40 sessions just for partners, and more than 125 certi-fication opportunities, including the Test

Fest certification program that enables partners to get Oracle PartnerNetwork Specialized status for free. A dedicated Oracle PartnerNetwork lounge, an exclusive AfterDark Oracle PartnerNetwork reception, and access to the renowned appreciation event round out the agenda.

oracle.com/opnexchange

Leeyo Software Achieves Oracle Exadata Ready and Oracle Exalogic Ready StatusLeeyo Software, an Oracle Gold Partner and provider of cloud-based and on-premises solutions for revenue recognition, auto-mation, and management, earned Oracle Exadata Ready and Oracle Exalogic Ready status for RevPro Version 2. RevPro automates

and manages revenue-related processes, eliminating manual data entry and integrating with quote-to-cash processes of enterprise resource planning systems to improve vis-ibility, functionality, and configurability.

leeyo.com

Partners Achieve Oracle Exadata Optimized and Oracle Exadata Ready StatusFive Oracle Gold Partners have achieved Oracle Exadata Optimized and Oracle Exadata Ready status in the Oracle Exastack Ready program. This program recognizes applications that leverage the latest Oracle technology and acknowledges partners for developing, testing, and supporting their applications with Oracle Exadata, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, and Oracle SuperCluster engineered systems, as well as Oracle Linux.

ElectraCard Services, a subsidiary of OPUS Software Solutions, achieved Oracle Exadata Optimized and Oracle Exadata Ready status for electraSWITCH, which processes ATM, point-of-sale, internet, and mobile phone banking transactions.

Ellucian, which operates as a subsid-iary of Sophia L.P. , earned Oracle Exadata Optimized and Oracle Exadata Ready status for Banner by Ellucian, its higher-education student information system. Banner by Ellucian is an open, flexible, and standards-based architecture for delivering infor-mation and services via the internet and mobile devices.

Fidelity Information Services (FIS) achieved Oracle Exadata Optimized and Oracle Exadata Ready status for DataNavigator, the back-office transac-tion management component of the

FIS Enterprise Payments platform. DataNavigator optimizes and con-solidates transaction research, exception management, ATM management, settle-ment, and reporting functions.

HealthEdge achieved Oracle Exadata Optimized and Oracle Exadata Ready status for its HealthRules product suite. The HealthRules suite includes modules for payers and care managers, as well as a portal and an advanced reporting and analytics offering called HealthRules Answers and an integra-tion layer called HealthRules Connector.

Kiman Solutions achieved Oracle Exadata Optimized and Oracle Exadata Ready status for KiPREV, its life and pension solution. KiPREV is a comprehensive solution devel-oped for the Brazilian market and is available in 15 countries on three continents.

electracard.comellucian.comfidelityinfoservices.comhealthedge.comkiman.com.br

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oracle magazine September/october 2013

23Partner news

McLane Advanced Technologies and Silanis Technology Become Gold PartnersTwo Oracle partners achieved Oracle PartnerNetwork Gold Partner status.

McLane Advanced Technologies, a global provider of information technology and logistics solutions, achieved the status for its knowledge of systems integration and design architecture with Oracle engineered systems, and for addressing the needs of United States Department of Defense customers.

Silanis Technology, a provider of enter-prise electronic signature solutions, achieved the status for its commitment to estab-lishing knowledge in delivering electronic signature workflows with Oracle products and for uniquely addressing the challenges of organizations seeking to increase effi-ciency, reduce cost, and improve the user experience.

mclaneat.comsilanis.com

Accenture Launches Center of Excellence for Oracle Engineered SystemsOracle Diamond Partner Accenture has launched an Oracle Engineered Systems Center of Excellence. The new virtual center, enabled by Oracle’s cloud tech-nologies, is dedicated to the development, delivery, and commercialization of business solutions based on Oracle’s engineered systems, including Oracle Exadata, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, and Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine.

At the center, clients can test workloads on Oracle engineered systems to understand how those systems can accelerate their appli-cations and strengthen analytics. The center will provide clients with process-specific busi-ness solutions, thought leadership around existing and emerging technology, and access to Accenture’s industry-specific solutions based on Oracle technology.

accenture.com

Aellius Achieves Oracle Validated Integration with Oracle’s JD Edwards EnterpriseOneAellius, an Oracle Gold Partner, has achieved Oracle Validated Integration of its solution with Oracle’s JD Edwards EnterpriseOne. Validated integration demonstrates that partner solutions work with JD Edwards as designed, and that the solutions meet other stringent requirements.

Aellius achieved Oracle Validated Integration for LynX Business Integrator 2.1, a standards-based integration platform that allows external applications to securely exchange data with JD Edwards EnterpriseOne.

aellius.com

DBMoto® Data Replication and Change Data Capture for Oracle Databases• Easiest solution available for Real-time Data Updates to/from Oracle databases• Immediate, fresh data for BI, analytics and reporting• Change Data Capture for non-intrusive data updates• Support for long list of databases: Oracle, IBM, Informix, Sybase, SQL Server, others• Update data in high-speed analytic systems: SAP HANA, HP Vertica, Actian Vectorwise, IBM Netezza• FREE EVALUATION at info.hitsw.com/Oracle20135

Smart Decisions Come from Fresh DataSee us at

Oracle OpenWorld 2013HiT Software / BackOffice Associates

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FREE PAPER“Top 5 Reasons to use DBMoto’s Change Data Capture for Oracle”

T +1.408.345.4001 | www.hitsw.com | info@hitsw.comCopyright © 2013 HiT Software, Inc., A BackOffice Associates, LLC Company. All rights reserved. HiT Software®, HiT Software logo, and DBMoto® are either trademarks or registered trademarks of HiT Software and BackOffice Associates, LLC in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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hitsw_OracleMag_DBMotoCDC_Oracle_24Jul13b.pdf 1 8/1/2013 12:10:18 PM

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Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Register at oracle.com/openworld

SEpt. 22 – 26San FRanciSco

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ORACLE MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013

Community Bulletin Happenings in Oracle Technology Network

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ELOQUA’S ROAD TO REVENUE TOUR 2013Modern marketing is part science and part art, but both parts require relentless execution. Oracle Eloqua’s Road to Revenue

OS EVALUATIONMore and more Oracle Technology Network members are using virtualization as their go-to method for evaluating operating systems. And for good reason: this approach offers maximum flexibility and workflow efficiency, because it allows you to run multiple operat-ing systems on a single machine and compare them side by side.

A great how-to series of articles from Oracle Technology Network member and soft-ware developer Yuli Vasiliev explores the many different options for installing and customiz-ing Oracle Solaris and Oracle Linux from inside Oracle VM VirtualBox. In “Evaluating Oracle Solaris 11 from Inside Oracle VM VirtualBox” (bit.ly/13SifI7) and “Evaluating Oracle Linux from Inside Oracle VM VirtualBox” (bit.ly/165aj8s), you will learn how to manage users and user privileges; configure and switch between networking modes; assign unique IP addresses to each virtual image (in the case of Oracle Linux); set up guest applications and guest device drivers; and test preinstalled Oracle products via handy VM appliances.

In a November/December 2012 Oracle Magazine article (“Architects Matter,” bit.ly/12zL5gz), Bob Rhubart, manager of Oracle Technology Network’s architect community, identified one of the defining talents of effective solution architects—namely, their ability to turn “informa-tion into a cohesive strategy that spans a company’s IT infrastructure and forms the design basis for a reliable platform that satisfies IT and business stakeholders.”

Rhubart’s article raised some excellent questions and inspired some more. How do you make technology systems resilient over the long term? And how do you ensure that they scale efficiently when you don’t have a complete picture of what your IT and business needs will be 1 year, 5 years, or 10 years from now?

A new 13-part article series, entitled Industrial SOA (bit.ly/

13CaAhf), provides an excellent innovation playbook for those looking to build lasting architectures. Written collaboratively by a group of recognized experts and community leaders in service-oriented archi-tecture (SOA), the collection discusses the future of SOA security; the intersections of service orientation and cloud computing; and the rise of complex event processing, among other topics.

BY ROLAND SMART

Roland Smart is vice president of social and community marketing at Oracle.

Tour provides free peer-led trainings, customer case studies, and networking opportunities to help marketing scientists and artists succeed. Visit roadtorevenue.eloqua.com to see the scheduled tour stops, and check out the tour presen-tation archive at topliners.eloqua.com/docs/DOC-3573.

An Innovation Roadmap for Service-Oriented Architecture

Oracle Discussion Forums: New Tools, New CommunitiesMore than 2.5 million conversations and messages have been pub-lished on Oracle Discussion Forums to date. You won’t find another place where Oracle users, developers, product managers, and com-munity managers are interacting with each other on such a large scale.

And now, as of June 2013, the forums are even better. You can instantly subscribe to individual threads and authors, and reply to threads via e-mail. In addition, new profile badges allow you to more easily find and connect with active forum members and communities, including Oracle Technology Network’s growing cadre of Oracle ACEs and Oracle ACE Directors. forums.oracle.com

SO13_Community.indd 25 7/26/13 12:44 PM

26

September/OctOber 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

Up clOse by Jeff erickSOn

K yle Hailey knows that the relationship between DBAs and developers can be

rocky. But new capabilities in Oracle Database 12c have the potential, he says, to smooth things out. I ran into Hailey, a DBA and Oracle ACE, at the 2013 ODTUG Kscope13 conference as he was preparing to lead a session for application developers. “I want to show developers how to tell if their SQL statements are tuned well or not,” says Hailey. “I can show them how they can see the effect of their code before a DBA comes to yell at them for negatively impacting database performance.”

You’re MaKing a Mess!Oracle Database 12c introduces an admin-istration console called Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express, a “light” version of Oracle Enterprise Manager that developers can access through a browser. “Now DBAs can give the developers read-only access to a sim-plified database management console so they can see the impact of their code,” says Hailey.

This is a big change from the traditional setup, where the effect of code was seen only in the DBA’s world. “The DBA has this privi-leged access to see what’s happening with the database,” Hailey says. “He can see load go up and see who caused it, but the poor developer writes some code, runs some code, and maybe sees some text on a screen—but there’s no visual impact. The developer doesn’t know what’s going on in the database, and that’s not fair. The DBA comes and complains that the developers are making a mess, and the developer says, ‘How am I supposed to know?’ With [Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express], developers will be able to see the effect of their code and, if there’s a problem, shut it down before the DBA comes calling.”

Database service with a sMileOracle Database 12c offers a new archi-tecture and database option called Oracle Multitenant, which Hailey thinks will improve his day—and his relationship with developers. His work includes cloning data-bases, he explains, and “every time I start a clone I’m taking up memory resources, and I can only put so many clones on a machine. Now with Oracle Multitenant I can put up to 250 clones on a single machine.”

In Oracle Database 12c, each clone is a pluggable database, which plugs into a container database. “I can manage a bunch of pluggable databases through a single container database,” he says. “The [Oracle Multitenant option] means I’m going to need less time to manage the database, and I’ll need less hardware because I can con-solidate. I can take databases off a bunch of disparate machines and put them on a single

machine in a single container database.” More importantly for his relationship

with developers, Oracle Multitenant will help Hailey serve them faster. “If I’ve got devel-opers sharing a database, I can’t change the schema for one of them, because it might impact another developer—so it takes a week to get sign-off that a change doesn’t affect anybody else,” says Hailey. “But now with Oracle Multitenant, I can spin up these pluggable databases right away and devel-opers can get their own copies, make all the changes they want, and then create a merged copy in the end.”

With Oracle Database 12c, developers get a faster, smoother database as a service from Hailey through Oracle Multitenant, and Hailey gets better code against his database from developers, who can see the effects of their code by using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express. Thanks to Oracle Database 12c, this relationship just might work out.

Kyle Hailey, DBA and Oracle ACE

LEArn more about Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Expressbit.ly/14ZgURxOracle Multitenantbit.ly/1bp5tHLKyle Haileydboptimizer.comODTUG odtug.com

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Seeking Developers for FriendshipAn oracle expert dBA shows how oracle database 12c can improve the relationship between developers and dBAs.

Jeff Erickson (jeffrey.x.erickson@oracle.com) is a senior editor with oracle Publishing.

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Learn more about the Oracle ACE program at oracle.com/technetwork/community/oracle-ace.

27PEER-TO-PEER BY BLAIR CAMPBELL

ORACLE MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013

Solid FoundationsThree peers master the basics through OU classes, vinyl signs, and user groups.

What technology has most changed your life? The paper A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks by Ted Codd from the early 1970s has had the most influence on my career. It was not itself a technology—but Codd’s ideas and research gave a solid theo-retical foundation for relational databases. Without that, there wouldn’t be an Oracle.You’ve taken Oracle University [OU] classes in the past. What led you to do this? After graduating from Tampere University of Technology, I began working as a Java devel-oper. My boss suggested that I gain more knowledge of Oracle technologies, so I got to take the DBA I, DBA II, and Performance Tuning classes. They gave me a good basis from which to understand how Oracle tech-nologies work, and my interest in Oracle Database kept increasing. Since getting an overview of Oracle database architecture, it’s been easier to absorb information from Oracle documentation, and other presenta-tions are more understandable. What green practices do you use in your DBA work? Consolidation, for ease and less consumption of resources. I’m working on consolidating several small database envi-ronments into Oracle Database Appliance.

How did you get started in IT? My first expo-sure to IT was building and supporting vinyl-sign-cutting systems in 1992. Picture a com-puter plotter that uses a knife to cut vinyl; the vinyl is then applied to a surface such as a car, tractor trailer, or billboard. It was a Windows 3.1 and DOS world back then, and our internal server used Novell NetWare 2.2.Which new features in Oracle products are you currently finding most valuable? The Oracle Essbase 11.1.2.2 release has a ton of performance features. The parallel restruc-ture capability and the ability to use up to 128 threads both allow for less downtime and faster aggregations. These types of features, coupled with high-performance systems such as Oracle Exalytics, move Oracle Essbase into a new performance category.How are you using mobile computing? Mainly for e-mail and browsing; however, Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition for mobile is looking quite nice now.

What’s your favorite tool on the job? I’m a big fan of Pomodoro, Trello, Dropbox, Evernote, and GoodReader. For develop-ment, most of the time Oracle JDeveloper is my tool of choice.What advice do you have about getting into application development or software archi-tecture? You have to do the following things: read, try, meet people, and discuss. If you live in Germany, join the German ADF Community. Consider participating in one of the group’s Hackers Events or ADF Project Sessions, or attend one of its regular web conferences.What technology has most changed your life? The combination of mobile computing, the cloud, and high-speed trains. These technologies make it possible for me to move around to different projects and be in touch with my family—and I always have every-thing I need for my job along the way. I also use my mobile device to stay in touch with my personal and professional communities, getting updates and important information. For business, I prefer Twitter and XING. t

Company: Solita Oy, a digital business consulting firmJob title/description: Senior database specialist, developing new custom applications that use Oracle DatabaseLocation: Tampere, FinlandLength of time using Oracle products: 12 years

TIMO RAITALAAKSO

Company: Enpit Consulting OHG, a consulting firm specializing in Oracle Application Development Framework (Oracle ADF) and Oracle Fusion Middleware technologiesJob title/description: CEO and senior consultant, responsible for running the business and working as lead architect for large projects based on Oracle Fusion Middleware technologiesLocation: Paderborn, GermanyOracle credentials: Oracle Application Development Framework 11g Certified Implementation Specialist, with 12 years of experience using Oracle products

ULRICH GERKMANN-BARTELS

Company: Blue Stone International, an enterprise performance management, business intelligence, and information management professional services providerJob title/description: Infrastructure and integration practice leader, serving as a technical leader across project portfolios and managing a team of consultants Location: Chicago, IllinoisOracle credentials: Oracle Hyperion Planning 11 Certified Implementation Specialist, Hyperion Essbase 7.1.2 Consultant Certified Expert, and Hyperion Planning 4.1 Consultant Certified Expert, with 15 years of experience using Oracle products

JOHN BOOTH

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SO13_DB12c.indd 28 8/1/13 10:48 AM

Consolidate, secure, and connect with the revolutionary multitenant architecture of

Oracle Database 12c.

BY DAVID BAUM

Five years in the making and boasting more than 500 new features, Oracle Database 12c

is the latest incarnation of the world’s most popular enterprise relational database. According to Andy Mendelsohn, senior vice president, Oracle Database Server Technologies, Oracle designed Oracle Database 12c in response to customer requirements for database clouds: customers want greater database consolidation density to lower capital costs, plus the ability to manage many databases as one to lower operational costs.

PLUG INTO THE CLOUD

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September/OctOber 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

30

Judging from beta customer feedback, Oracle’s customer focus is paying off. Three of these customers—LogicalTech Group, ARAMARK Uniform Services, and Postbank—offer their insights here on what Oracle Database 12c has shown them and how they plan to use it in their organizations.

A New KiNd of VirtuAlizAtioNOracle Multitenant, an option of Oracle Database, Enterprise Edition, offers all the benefits of managing many databases as one yet retains the isolation and resource control of separate databases. A single multitenant container database hosts many virtual databases called pluggable databases. Each pluggable database appears to applica-tions as a single Oracle Database instance, so no application changes are required to run applications in a pluggable database.

Martin Power is the general manager of the Oracle Professional Practices division at LogicalTech Group, a Melbourne, Australia–based company that provides a range of IT services, from strategy develop-ment to technical service delivery. Power sees the benefit of the multi-tenant architecture over traditional virtualization architectures.

“It’s easy to generate traditional virtual environments, so you can quickly end up with hundreds of them—which becomes a manage-ment nightmare,” Power says. “Pluggable databases enable you to con-solidate the databases and all of the management overhead and work associated with building and maintaining database environments.”

The multitenant architecture enables organizations to set up one cloud environment with dozens or even hundreds of pluggable data-

bases in each container database. “When you manage the container database, all of the pluggable

databases inherit the work you do,” adds Power. “For example, if you back up the container database and there are, say, 50 plug-gable databases associated with that container, all 50 of them will be backed up. Similarly you can restore the container or any of the pluggable databases independently. Your administrative overhead becomes 1/50 of what it was when you had 50 separate databases.”

Carl Olofson, research vice president of application development and deployment at International Data Corporation (IDC), describes the efficiency of the multitenant architecture: “If you’re going to vir-tualize the database operation, you should do it at the database level rather than at the operating system level. Oracle’s approach with pluggable databases enables you to move a database from one server environment to another without making substantial changes.”

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“ Oracle Database 12c is a true cloud environment, because it can support synchronous failover in multiple geographic sites.” —James Lui, Senior Oracle Applications Database Administrator,

ARAMARK Uniform Services

LogicalTech Group needed zero downtime for database provisioning. “When we couple Oracle Flex Automatic Storage Management with Oracle Database’s new Application Continuity features, users aren’t even aware of interruptions,” says Martin Power, general manager of the Oracle Professional Practices division at LogicalTech Group.

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This architecture also simplifies upgrades, adds Olofson, because you can set up a new container database, upgrade it to the latest release, and then move your production databases to it. “There’s almost no interruption, and you can add and remove databases at will,” he says. “For example, if you have an accounting database that is very busy at the end of the quarter, you can run it on a small server and then move it to a larger server during peak periods. Traditionally, it’s been a big deal to move a database from one server to another. A pluggable database obviates most of that activity and makes the move pretty straightforward.”

AutomAtic Security And AuditingSecurity in the multitenant architecture is also straightforward. Each pluggable database has its own self-contained security level. System administrators can be granted access to a single pluggable database. Only administrators with container database rights can see all the pluggable databases in that container database.

“Oracle Database 12c includes fine-grained auditing right out of the box, and a lot of the auditing features are turned on by default,” says James Lui, senior Oracle Applications database administrator at ARAMARK Uniform Services, who also serves on the board of direc-tors of the Independent Oracle Users Group (IOUG). “You don’t have to think about it—the database is secured to begin with, by means such as automatic complex passwords and automatic auditing. All the options we used to have to turn on manually as part of our post-creation processes are now part of the database build.”

ARAMARK Uniform Services is a leading supplier of uniforms and workplace supplies (mats, mops, and towels and other restroom items) to companies throughout the United States. Its Oracle tech-nology stack includes software for enterprise resource planning, identity management, business intelligence (BI), performance management, and many other business functions. Lui and his team tested Oracle Database 12c with Oracle E-Business Suite 12 and 1 terabyte of data.

“We were very impressed with the quality of this beta release,” Lui says. “Even though Oracle had not yet certified Oracle E-Business Suite 12 with the beta release we were testing, everything worked—

ARAMARK Uniform Services tested a beta release of Oracle Database 12c with Oracle E-Business Suite 12 and 1 terabyte of data. “We were very impressed with the quality of this beta release,” says James Lui, senior Oracle Applications database administrator at ARAMARK Uniform Services.

Tom Kyte has picked his top 12 features of Oracle Database 12c and put them into a presentation. Here are his picks:• Even better PL/SQL from SQL• Improved defaults• Increased size limits for some datatypes• Easy top-n and pagination queries• Row pattern matching• Partitioning improvements• Adaptive execution plans• Enhanced statistics• Temporary undo • Data optimization capabilities• Application Continuity and Transaction Guard • Pluggable databases

Kyte’s “12 for 12” presentation is part of the Oracle Database 12c launch webcast at bit.ly/1bH80gC. Spoiler alert: Kyte covers three of these picks in his Ask Tom column in this issue.

Kyte’s 12 for 12

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the patching, the administration tools, the monitoring, the Oracle E-Business Suite applications.”

SIMPLER MANAGEMENT AND INTEGRATION ARAMARK deployed the Cloud Control feature of Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c more than a year ago to simplify the management of its large database infrastructure. According to Lui, Oracle Database 12cwill further simplify routine IT tasks—a fact ARAMARK demonstrated during the beta test by plugging many existing Oracle Database instances into one container database.

Lui believes that ARAMARK’s DBA staff will spend less time on

routine training and installation because of the robust set of agents packaged with Oracle Database 12c. “The Oracle Universal Installer, Upgrade Assistant, Oracle RAC Assistant, and others are so much easier to use and provide so much more control,” he says. “The built-in wizards will help streamline the way we deploy, upgrade, and troubleshoot problems.”

GREATER AVAILABILITY ARAMARK also examined Oracle Active Data Guard enhancements for Oracle Database 12c, which enable Oracle Active Data Guard to operate over a wide area network in synchronous mode. “Prior

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to this, Oracle Database supported Oracle Active Data Guard in synchronous mode only on the same local area network,” Lui explains. “Active Data Guard Far Sync enables us to run that same Oracle Active Data Guard for zero-data-loss failover across a wide area network.”

This new disaster recovery architecture facilitates cloud computing by enabling ARAMARK to place Oracle Active Data Guard instances at multiple geographic locations. “Oracle Database 12c is a true cloud environment, because it can support synchronous failover in multiple geographic sites,” Lui continues. “The distances don’t matter anymore.”

LogicalTech was similarly enthusi-astic about the capabilities of the Oracle Automatic Storage Management feature of Oracle Database 12c, especially a new feature called Oracle Flex Automatic Storage Management (Oracle Flex ASM).

“We’ve been searching for a zero- downtime solution for provisioning data-base systems,” says LogicalTech’s Power. “Oracle Flex ASM enables us to decouple a database from the Oracle Automatic Storage Management storage layer, provi-sion that storage layer on a cluster of Oracle Flex ASM nodes, and then connect database processing nodes to the Oracle Flex ASM cluster environment. This architecture enables us to upgrade the Oracle Flex ASM nodes in a rolling fashion. We can also replicate the data between data centers and enable the primary Oracle Automatic Storage Management environment to fail over to a secondary site through Oracle Flex ASM provisioning while still keeping the data-base nodes up in the primary site. When we couple Oracle Flex ASM with Oracle Database’s new Application Continuity features, users aren’t even aware of interruptions.”

Turnkey DaTabase as a service for Dev/TesT environmenTsInterruptions to system access are simply not an option at Postbank, one of Germany’s largest retail banks. “We are in an information-intensive industry, and we must be able to process transactions instantaneously and have services available when customers and employees need them,” says Jens-Christian Pokolm, analyst, IT ser-vices and database design, at Postbank. “Customers expect instan-taneous access to their accounts at all times, so performance and availability are extremely important for us.”

Postbank has approximately 14 million customers, 1,100 bank-owned branches, and 4,500 Deutsche Post partner branches. The Postbank DBA staff maintains between 400 and 450 production Oracle databases, ranging from a few gigabytes to 45 terabytes—

about 280 terabytes of Oracle Database data in all. There are also 600 to 700 data-bases in development, plus hundreds more in testing.

Postbank is migrating its SAP business applications from a DB2 database on an IBM system to Oracle Database on multiple x86 servers running Oracle Linux and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC).

“With help from Oracle Database 12c, this consolidation will be much more cost-effective and efficient than we imagined,” says Pokolm. “The Oracle Database environ-ment will significantly reduce hardware costs and facilitate greater consolidation.”

Pokolm and his group are responsible for architecting, developing, and managing the complete database infrastructure for Postbank. They currently use Oracle Database 11g to support many parts of the bank’s retail division, from back-office systems to automated teller machines, core banking services, and online banking applications. Previously the Postbank team achieved some degree of consolidation by installing multiple databases on the same server, but it still had to manage each data-base separately.

“In the past, we put each application on a separate, dedicated database, and a simple patch or upgrade involved many people,” says Pokolm. “The Oracle Database 12c multitenant architecture enables us to consolidate those databases into one container database, which simplifies installations, upgrades, and patch management.”

Now Oracle Database 12c will make it easy to allocate CPU resources between database containers, giving Postbank very fine-grained control over the processing workload. “Oracle Database 12c enables us to tune performance for particular pluggable databases and container databases as well as to shift resources to accommo-date different workloads and processing needs—such as customer-facing applications during the day and BI queries or interest rate calculations at night,” Pokolm says.

To take advantage of these performance gains and main - tenance savings, Postbank is evaluating the possibility of consoli-dating at least 25 percent of its production databases and nearly 50 percent of its test-and-development databases into an Oracle Multitenant environment. Pokolm foresees overall time savings from 30 to 35 percent from this new architecture, along with better performance due to more-efficient sharing of the servers and storage equipment.

“We are getting really good feedback from customers that plan to move their test-and-development environments to Oracle Database 12c,” says Oracle’s Mendelsohn. “The multitenant architecture is ideal for what dev/test departments want to do: very quickly provi-

ARAMARK Uniform Servicesaramarkuniform.com Location: Burbank, CaliforniaIndustry: Consumer servicesEmployees: 13,000Oracle products: Oracle Database, Oracle Linux, Oracle E-Business Suite 12, Oracle Business Intelligence, Oracle Identity and Access Management, Oracle WebLogic Server, Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control, Oracle Hyperion product family

Deutsche Postbank AGpostbank.comLocation: Bonn, GermanyIndustry: Financial servicesEmployees: 20,000Oracle products: Oracle Database, Oracle JDeveloper, Oracle Real Application Clusters, Oracle WebLogic Server, Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control

LogicalTech Grouplogicaltech.com.auLocation: Melbourne, AustraliaIndustry: Technology consulting servicesOracle products: Oracle Database, Oracle E-Business Suite, Oracle WebLogic Server, Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control

SnAPShOTS

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sion new databases. If you’re using a storage environment that has snapshot storage, such as Oracle ZFS, you can instantly provision a new dev/test database by cloning an existing pluggable database.”

Addressing MArket deMAnds for sAAs Vendors And enterprise CustoMersMendelsohn identifies four key use cases for the Oracle Multitenant option: consolidation, dev/test, software as a service (SaaS), and database as a service (DBaaS). He predicts that SaaS will be par-ticularly popular with cloud vendors, especially when Oracle Fusion Applications run on top of the multitenant architecture. “We are making it easy to provision mission-critical databases for enter-prise and SaaS deployments,” he contends. “And combining Oracle Exadata with the multitenant architecture is an especially powerful foundation for database clouds.”

DBaaS will be popular for organizations interested in a service-based model, either on- or off-premises, in a private or a public cloud. Mendelsohn foresees that Oracle Exadata will also play a prominent role in DBaaS deployments.

Mendelsohn believes that customers for all Oracle Database 12c use cases will also like the new Heat Map and advanced data opti-mization features of the database, which automate the process of figuring out when to compress data by tracking all reads from and writes to the database. “Heat Map monitors usage information at the row and segment levels, generating statistics that enable data-base administrators to easily gauge how frequently data is used,” he explains. “They can see at a glance how access patterns change over time and across different storage tiers.” And once database adminis-trators understand how their data is being used, they can create poli-

cies to automatically move and compress database objects, based on the activity of the data.

As part of its consolidation and dev/test initiatives for Oracle Database 12c, Postbank also looks forward to Oracle Database 12c’s new table recovery features, which enable administrators to quickly restore individual tables from a database. “That’s a really nice feature if you have loaded the wrong data or inadvertently destroyed some of your data,” Postbank’s Pokolm says. “Now you can restore individual tables.”

Postbank plans to move into production with Oracle Database 12c by the end of 2013. “All of our DBAs are quite happy at the moment,” Pokolm sums up. “The new release is rich in useful features and well developed. It’s easy to handle; it’s easy to manage.”

Based in Santa Barbara, California, David Baum is a freelance writer who frequently covers science, technology, and business.

DOWNLOAD Oracle Database 12cbit.ly/epBiUGREAD “Plug into the Cloud with Oracle Database 12c”bit.ly/13Mk2Au READ more about Oracle Database 12coracle.com/us/products/database/overview

WATCH the Oracle Database 12c launch webcastbit.ly/1bH80gC

NExT STEPS

For more information on Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Magazine recom-mends the following articles in this issue:

“Cloud Computing Breakthrough”: Here’s the journalistic who, what, when, where, and how on Oracle Database 12c. Page 15

“Many in One”: Oracle Magazine frequent contributor and stand-up Oracle technologist Arup Nanda demystifies the container database archi-tecture and pluggable databases in Oracle Database 12c. Page 49

“PL/SQL Enhancements”: PL/SQL guru Steven Feuerstein looks at a handful of key new and improved PL/SQL features in Oracle Database 12c. Page 55

“On Oracle Database 12c, Part 1”: Tom Kyte addresses 3 of his top 12 new features in Oracle Database 12c. (He’ll address the other 9 in upcom-ing issues.) Page 61

“Time to Upgrade”: IOUG President Michelle Malcher looks at what to consider when planning to upgrade to Oracle Database 12c. Page 65

In This Issue

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“ Oracle Database 12c enables us to tune performance for particular pluggable databases and container databases.” —Jens-Christian Pokolm, Analyst, IT Services and Database

Design, Postbank

Oracle Database 12c is helping Postbank with the consolidation of hundreds of production, development, and test databases. “The Oracle Database environment will significantly reduce hardware costs and facilitate greater consolidation,” says Jens-Christian Pokolm, analyst, IT services and database design, at Postbank.

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TOGETHER ORACLE AND

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION ARE

Leading the Wayin Ocean Educationand Marine Research

National Geographic is a 501(c)(3) organization. PHOTOGRAPH BY ENRIC SALA

National Geographic Education supports the

mission of the National Geographic Society to

inspire people to care about the planet by

creating compelling educational materials for

young people and the adults who teach them.

NG Education provides unique learning

experiences to educators and advocates for

improved education in geography, the

environmental sciences, and other disciplines

that are critical to understanding our world.

With support from Oracle, National Geographic

Education is engaged in a major project to

develop teacher leaders in marine ecology and

create materials about ocean science and

geography for students, families, the ocean

recreation community, and the general public.

Support our work today. Visit nationalgeographic.org/education.

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September/OctOber 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

By Tom CaldeCoTT

Oracle OpenWOrld, JavaOne, and MySQl cOnnect

September 21 to 26, 2013, is conference week in San Francisco.

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oracle magazine September/OctOber 2013

You want to catch up on technology and trends. You want to meet the who’s who of the industry— technocrats, business and thought leaders, and the Oracle leadership team. And you’re looking for an opportunity to share your ideas and experiences with your peers. Where can you go to do all that and more?

Join us September 21 to 26, 2013, in San Francisco and be part of Oracle OpenWorld, JavaOne, MySQL Connect, and Oracle PartnerNetwork Exchange @ OpenWorld. Learn, share, and network at events that offer “an incredible, wide selection of technical and business-focused sessions that are simply not found at any other conference,” in the words of attendee John Monczewski of General Dynamics.

ACCESSibLE AND MANAGEAbLEOracle has designed this year’s conferences to accommodate, once again, the world’s largest gathering of business technology profes-sionals, making the content, activities, and networking opportunities accessible and manageable for attendees. The events are organized by technology, products and services, solutions, interest, training, and industries. This year, additional community activities and desig-nated networking areas have been created to help facilitate meetups between peers as well as with technology and industry experts.

Attendees in 2013 can choose from three conferences based on technology: Oracle OpenWorld, JavaOne, and MySQL Connect. In addition, two special programs are available as part of Oracle OpenWorld: Oracle PartnerNetwork Exchange @ OpenWorld is for Oracle partners, and Leaders Circle @ OpenWorld is an invitation-only conference for executives. Each conference offers dedicated tracks and sessions.

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NavigatiNg with the CatalogAttendees need an easy way to navigate through the conferences’ “who, what, when, where, and how” to make the conference experi-ence accessible and manageable. The online content catalog (avail-able at bit.ly/18jwQiL) delivers that information.

Attendees can filter by conference, track, and session type such as keynote, birds-of-a-feather (BOF), hands-on-lab, meet-the-experts, and general sessions. They can search by track, speakers, and exhibi-tors as well as Oracle demos. The Oracle OpenWorld content catalog also allows for advanced track filtering by solutions, products and services, and target audience; the JavaOne content catalog can be filtered by experience level and target audience.

oraCle opeNworld

If you want to get information on the latest Oracle technologies, developer tools, applications, solutions, and industries, Oracle OpenWorld is the place to be. The largest of the Oracle conferences, Oracle OpenWorld provides a wide variety of opportunities to learn, share, and network, with more than 2,500 sessions, labs, demos,

and meetups. Discover new product and technology solutions, enhance your skills and knowledge, and get up to date on where technologies and industries are heading.

Along with general and conference activities, Oracle OpenWorld 2013 offers focus areas with dedicated sessions, keynotes, and tracks. Located throughout the greater Oracle OpenWorld neighborhood, their subjects include big data and analytics, the cloud, retail, public sector, financial services, utilities, communications, healthcare, and life sciences.

Returning after its introduction in 2012, the CX @ OpenWorld focus area explores the customer experience—trends, strategy, solutions, and technology. Attendees can sign up for interactive workshops to help hone their customer experience skills. New this year is the HCM @ OpenWorld focus area, examining human capital management for HR executives and HRIT specialists. when: September 22–26oracle.com/openworld

“ [Oracle OpenWorld is] a unique event that permits us to anticipate and to know firsthand the most innovative solutions in the market.” —Alexis Brabant, Arrow

In 2012, 50,000 people, including developers, designers, administrators, managers, users, implementers, analysts, partners, and customers from 123 countries, attended the Oracle fall conferences in San Francisco. One million watched online.

Those who made the trip to San Francisco filled 14 venues to attend more than 2,523 general, business, and technical sessions and to hear more than 3,570 speakers. They participated in 406 product and solu-tion demos and visited with 457 partner and customer exhibitors in the Exhibition Halls.

By the Numbers

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Oracle PartnernetwOrk exchange @ OPenwOrldThis exclusive conference for Oracle partners provides information on Oracle’s products, solutions, and services from a partner perspec-tive. It also highlights the latest IT trends—including the cloud, social networking, mobile, and analytics—and provides networking oppor-tunities for customers, prospects, and peers.

The conference has six tracks and more than 40 sessions on building customer relationships, driving higher ROI, and utilizing Oracle’s port-folio to help partners and their customers grow their businesses. Attendees can also participate in more than 125 certification opportunities. when: September 22–26oracle.com/opnexchange

leaders circle @ OPenwOrldThis invitation-only conference for customer and partner executives is designed to provide valuable information and networking opportu-nities. The conference features keynotes, tar-geted summits, and roundtable discussions on the challenges facing executives in a variety of

industries and the strategies and solutions that can help executives meet those challenges. The 2013 summits address industries such as education, healthcare, utilities, oil and gas, and the public sector and discuss Oracle’s technology and industry strategies. when: September 24–25

JavaOne

Join Duke (Java’s mascot) at JavaOne, the world’s leading Java confer-ence. The conference features more than 500 sessions, including keynotes, hands-on labs, tutorials, demos, and meetups devoted to all things Java.

JavaOne 2013 tracks cover the core Java platform, Java and secu-rity, and Java and the cloud. They also explore tools and techniques for creating user experiences delivered through channels such as personal devices, smartcards, embedded environments, and intel-ligent equipment. Attendees can learn how to utilize new language changes, construct modern enterprise applications, create rich client-side solutions, and build machine-to-machine applications, to name just a few opportunities.

Want to participate in an open source community project? Visit JavaOne’s Codegarten. You’ll get internet access and assistance to help you code, test, and share programs, or you can compete in the Developer Challenge, where you’ll create a Raspberry Pi application. when: September 22–26oracle.com/javaone

MysQl cOnnect

In 2012 MySQL Connect debuted as a standalone conference for the MySQL community. This year MySQL Connect offers more than 80 conference and BOF sessions in addition to hands-on labs and demos focusing on the open source database.

Hear internationally recognized MySQL community members, partners, customers, and Oracle MySQL engineers discuss topics such as replication, performance tuning, best practices, security, backup, the cloud, big data, OpenStack, and Hadoop.

A new series of MySQL tutorials is offered Monday, September 23. Designed for novices to experienced users, the tutorials are delivered by MySQL engineers and explore a variety of areas, from getting up to speed on MySQL to maximizing its use. when: September 21–23oracle.com/mysqlconnect

FOr all attendees

There are many activities that allow attendees the broadest opportu-nity to meet experts and learn about a wide variety of technologies. Training OppOrTuniTies. Start off your conference week with training on the most-popular Oracle and Java products and solutions. Choose from in-depth courses taught by Oracle experts at Oracle University and by Java experts at Java University. Visit oracle.com/openworld/agenda and oracle.com/javaone/schedule for more information. You can also stop by the Oracle Users Forum for a full-day program of user-driven content presented by Oracle, Java, and MySQL user group communities. when: September 22bit.ly/1aqyCiZ enjOy and recharge. The Oracle conferences are designed to help you learn, share, and network. But they also provide a chance to have fun, with events such as the Oracle OpenWorld Welcome Reception and the JavaOne Welcome Reception, the It’s a Wrap! wind-down celebration, and the customer-favorite Oracle Appreciation Event on Treasure Island, September 25. Visit the island, and enjoy Oracle hos-pitality, including food, carnival games, and a Ferris wheel. Rock out to the music of Maroon 5 and The Black Keys. everyThing yOu WanT. The Oracle conferences have it all: the latest technology and information, the world’s leading business tech-nology experts, and exceptional networking opportunities—not to mention the Golden Gate, cable cars, and the America’s Cup. See you in San Francisco in September.

Tom Caldecott is a writer in Oracle’s brand marketing group.

“ There’s no other place where you can get face- to-face with so many Oracle experts.”

—Jay Dear, Elsevier

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FasterAlthough the trophy awarded to the

winner of the 34th America’s Cup in San Francisco Bay may be the oldest in international sports, there’s nothing vintage about modern competitive sailing technology. As ORACLE TEAM USA CEO Russell Coutts says, the 2013 America’s Cup is designed to meet the expectations of the Facebook generation, not the Flintstones generation. And fittingly, ORACLE TEAM USA has turned to information technology as a key tool for defending the Cup.

oracle magazine September/OctOber 2013

ORACLE TEAM USA uses Oracle technology to deliver extreme speed in the America’s Cup.

by carOl Hildebrand

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ORACLE TEAM USA’s multipronged technology strategy starts with the performance data the team collects from every training run. “The absolute core of our technical performance analysis is based on col-lecting information while sailing and processing it to provide useful feedback to the sailors and designers to improve the design and perfor-mance of the boat,” says Ian “Fresh” Burns, design team coordinator.

More than 300 sensors all over the boat collect a huge amount of raw data, which is transmitted to a server in the hull. Sensors measure the strain on the mast, hull, and wing; monitor the load generated on components ranging from the jib to the winches; and monitor the effectiveness of each change made by the trimmers, who constantly adjust the sail wing to fully exploit wind conditions. The boat generates more than 3,000 data variables about 10 times a second when sailing. ORACLE TEAM USA also runs several video feeds and takes still images of the sails every second.

A typical training run generates about a gigabyte of raw perfor-mance data as well as 150 to 200 gigabytes of video, says Asim Khan, director of IT for ORACLE TEAM USA. Khan downloads the perfor-mance data at the end of each day to the team’s onshore Exadata Database Machine X3-2, adding it to about 80 gigabytes of weather information, boat data, and performance metadata from the current quest to defend the America’s Cup in 2013 as well as a cache of his-torical data from previous Cup campaigns.

The team uses the treasure trove of raw performance data, as well as the videos and still images, for performance analysis and deeper

analytical dives into historical data. The trick is to tailor the informa-tion flow to fit each situation. “We do anything we can to make the information easy and simple to consume,” says Burns. “It brings the awareness level up and the crisis decision-making down.”

Real-Time analyTicsORACLE TEAM USA’s AC72s sail every day with a chase boat that serves as the real-time analytical hub. The four-man performance team configures a feed of about 150 key parameters, which is transmitted in real time to the Oracle Database instance on the performance chase boat. The team members can also connect to the onshore Exadata Database Machine X3-2 via a 4G connection, enabling them to access historical data for comparative analytics.

The performance team runs a variety of analyses, all geared to optimize boat performance, and feeds that information to the ORACLE TEAM USA sailors via radio. One team member analyzes data from the sails and wing, another looks for data trends, a system tech monitors the system itself, and Burns looks at the data from a sailor’s point of view.

“We constantly check the numbers, from the configuration of the boat to monitoring wind and sea conditions during a test, making sure the test results are good, and finally feeding the test results straight back to the sailing team,” says Burns. “Sometimes the analysis requires a very complicated combination of 10, 20, or 30 variables run through a time-based algorithm, to give us predictions

More than 300 sensors generate more than 3,000 data variables about 10 times a second. A typical training run generates about a gigabyte of raw performance data as well as 150 to 200 gigabytes of video, says Asim Khan, director of IT for ORACLE TEAM USA. ©

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on what will happen in the next few seconds, minutes, or even hours in terms of weather analysis.”

Real-time analytics usage extends to the sailing crew. ORACLE TEAM USA sailors wear ruggedized PDAs on their forearms or wrists and receive a real-time, customized feed of information to help improve sailing performance. There are also several tablet devices in fixed places around the boat that display more-general data such as wind speed. “We are always at the red line for things like loading on the boat, and it’s critical that we don’t go over,” says Skipper Jimmy Spithill. “The fact that we can have live data instantaneously is key.”

Sailor Gilberto Nobili—a grinder who cranks the winches that power components such as the sail wing—programs all the PDAs and tablet devices in Java, which he likes for its extensibility. “I write the code once, and it can be used on many different devices,” he says. He also needs lightweight code that can maintain a high refresh rate for as many as 30 devices without clogging the wireless network. “We drive the boat basically on numbers, so it’s a big problem to have information that is even seconds late due to connection problems, particularly because the boat now flies on [thin daggerboards called] foils. The foiling requires real-time information that needs to be really accurate.”

OnshOre AnAlytics Once the race boats dock, their servers, as well as the database on the performance boat, are synced with the Oracle Database instance on the team’s Exadata Database Machine X3-2.

The data comes into the Exadata Database Machine X3-2 in two different ways, says Khan, who collects, downloads, and scrubs the data to make it ready for analysis. A small chunk comes in live via a 4G connection, and Khan downloads the rest when the boats return to the base. He also synchronizes performance data from the Oracle Database instance on the chase boat with the onshore system. Khan speeds up the process by using external tables, which enable him to map a table to a file and load from that. “Our data sets change daily as the variables we measure change,” he says. “External tables load dynamic data, so we don’t have to recompile procedures.”

Khan looks at Oracle Database as the backbone of the operation. “We use it as a sort of centralized management tool, with lots of ways to access it, from traditional queries and custom-built tools to Oracle Application Express–based web pages and mobile apps,” he says.

rAce cutterThe most widely used tool is Race Cutter, a custom application that pulls sensor data from the Exadata Database Machine X3-2, with added metadata markers that synchronize the video, photos, and audio streams with the raw numbers.

Team members can click to a certain moment and view all the pertinent information from that time stamp. “It’s a classic example of a tool used by many people for many different reasons,” says Javier Cuevas Domingo, computer engineer for the performance group.

For example, the design or sailing teams can look at information from a specific point in time and analyze any number of performance factors, such as the strain on the daggerboards or the load on a rope. “If you click a certain point in time, you’ll jump to the images and video from a number of different camera viewpoints,” says Burns.

The team also uses Race Cutter as a debriefing tool for each training session. The team gathers around three big-screen TVs to see how the boat can be sailed better. Clicking highlighted time stamps called Events, the team can listen to comments from coach Philippe Presti about those points in time or review a single testing sequence.

“We can compare today’s data with that of other days as well,” says Domingo. “It’s also good to correlate the subjective impression of the sailors with the data. It helps them understand what was going on.”

“ The fact that we can have live data instantaneously is key.” —Jimmy Spithill, Skipper, ORACLE TEAM USA

With speed being an essential element of success, ORACLE TEAM USA turned to the record-breaking performance of Oracle’s Exadata Database Machine X3-2.

Although the team has had the system only since April 2013, ORACLE TEAM USA Director of IT Asim Khan already sees dramatic system performance improvement from the use of Oracle Exadata. “When you look at CPU-intensive tasks, there is roughly a tenfold speed improvement, and I/O-intensive tasks

have improved by roughly 20 percent,” says Khan, who expects that performance will only get faster.

For Khan, however, the real satisfaction lies in how quickly he can get critical information to weary sailors as they come off the water. “When they come back, they want to look at the numbers and get some objective sense of whether things were running well or not, so we’ll look for standout variables in a certain time period to validate whatever they felt out on the

water,” he says. The old systems took 30 to 40 minutes to

collect, import, and run the reports—a long wait for sailing team members who have already put in a full day. But it’s important to get them that data while the sail is still fresh in their memories, says Khan. “If you wait until the next day, they will have lost a lot of information that was fresh in their memories. So getting that time from 40 minutes down to 10 is critical, and Oracle Exadata makes a huge difference.”

Extreme Database Performance

During training runs Asim Khan (left), director of IT, and Ian “Fresh” Burns, design team coordinator for ORACLE TEAM USA, use Oracle Database and Exadata Database Machine X3-2 to collect and process technical performance data to improve boat design and performance.

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TradiTional QueriesKhan also builds reports to help designers and sailors solve the chal-lenges of one-boat testing. The new boat class means that most teams have had only one boat for a significant portion of the training schedule. Instead of comparing data from two boats under sail, the performance analysis has to be done numerically by comparing data sets. One estimate is that with one-boat testing, you need to collect 40 times as much data to get good results.

“What we do is compare sailing data on different days or compare it with target data we have generated,” says Khan, who fields a large variety of requests, ranging from how daggerboards perform under certain configurations to comparing boat performance at certain wind speed ranges. He cites a recent request to build a report that examines the rudder usage during maneuvers as an example. “I first identified the maneuvers in the data set and then analyzed how the rudder was used—the magnitude of the rudder angle and the rate of change,” he says. “By looking at the average for a long period of time, as well as peak values, we can design a more efficient rudder.”

easy access wiTh oracle applicaTion expressORACLE TEAM USA has also turned to Oracle Application Express to make information easier and simpler to consume. For example, one application simplifies quality control on the data sets the team gen-erates through performance tests—short, timed, straight-line bursts of sailing that measure a wide range of parameters. The team may run 60 to 70 tests a day, using each test as a data point.

Khan uses Oracle Application Express to automate the second level of quality control, creating web pages that crew members use to check and correct a lot of what he calls the metadata—data that is manually input by the performance team about the tests themselves: when they started and stopped, what the wing sail trim was during the test, and so on. “It’s essentially data that describes what actions went on out in the water,” he says.

The sailors each vet the data on their pertinent pages. For

example, a sail trimmer’s web page lists all the sail changes during a training run, along with the formal test periods that occurred during that time. He’ll be able to see if something doesn’t look right—a certain sail that shouldn’t be up on an upwind tack, for example—and can research and make the change. “The Oracle Application Express page gives him the interface for changing those manual inputs and then processing the data to correct it,” Khan says.

And best of all, it’s a “set and forget” effort. “I can write a query and put it on a web page with Oracle Application Express,” Khan says. “Whenever users load the page, the query is refreshed, and I don’t have to do anything.”

Sailors also have access to an Oracle Application Express–based mobile app that automates the 250-item checklist necessary to prep the boat for sailing. “It’s a perfect use of database and mobile tech-nology,” says Burns. “Oracle Application Express is really a powerful tool for widespread mobile data access.”

With data usage proliferating across all parts of the team, the real measure of success is the boat’s performance. “We measure perfor-mance as a function of time,” says Khan. “From this boat launch to race time, we’ve seen a 20 to 30 percent improvement in pure speed around the course. Older [less data-driven] race campaigns saw much smaller improvements.”

Carol Hildebrand writes about business, sports, and technology from Wellesley, Massachusetts.

READ more about ORACLE TEAM USAoracleracing.comAmerica’s Cup 2013americascup.com

NExT STEpS

ORACLE TEAM USA sailors receive real-time information via ruggedized pDAs on their forearms or wrists and several tablet devices in fixed places around the boat to help improve sailing performance. “We are always at the red line for things like loading on the boat, and it’s critical that we don’t go over,” says Skipper Jimmy Spithill.

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Technology 49DATABASE CLOUD BY ARUP NANDA

ORACLE MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013

Many in OneCreate many databases in one database instance with the Oracle Database 12c multitenant architecture.

John, the lead database architect at Acme Bank, has some important visitors today:

the chief information officer and her senior IT leaders.

Acme has several divisions, all of which use a third-party application called MortEngage to manage the mortgage loan process. Over the past several years, all of these divisions have deployed and maintained separate installations of the product in their independent databases. The company understands the value of consoli-dating multiple databases and machines, and as part of its current consolidation project, the CIO wants to put all the separate installations into a single database running on one powerful machine. All the different instances of the application would be stored as schemas in the same database, and that would eliminate a lot of overhead. There would be one Oracle Database instance instead of hundreds, there would be only one set of Oracle Database metadata, fewer DBAs would be needed to manage the one database, and so on. The idea is great, but unfortunately, as the CIO has learned, the application needs a specific schema name—MORTENGAGE—in the database and it is hard-coded in the application and cannot be changed. Obviously, as the DBAs correctly informed her, it is not possible to create two different schemas with the same name in a database. Therefore, the only way to run multiple installations of the application is to create the required schema in multiple sepa-rate databases.

Consolidation? Impossible was the general verdict of Acme’s DBAs.

But the smart CIO isn’t ready to give up just yet. She reaches out to John in search of a solution, and she isn’t disappointed. Indeed it is possible to consolidate the data-base—she learns from a smiling John—with the new multitenant architecture in Oracle

Database 12c. In the rest of this article, you will see how John provides the solution.

ORACLE MULTITENANTThe problem, John tells the CIO and the senior IT leaders, has to do with the namespace. Each Oracle Database user is uniquely named, so if the application needs a database user named MORTENGAGE, only one instance of that application can run against that database. Each additional deployment of the same application would need to connect as the MORTENGAGE user on a different database.

But that changes in Oracle Database 12c, John explains. Instead of creating multiple databases, one can create multiple plug-gable databases in a multitenant container database. The database instance—a set of memory areas, such as the buffer cache and shared pool and processes such as pmon and smon—is associated with the multitenant container database; the individual pluggable databases do not have their own database instances. The Oracle Database instance pro-

cesses exist only for the multitenant container database—not the pluggable databases—saving a lot of resources on the host server.

To illustrate the concept, John points the CIO and the IT leaders in his office to Figure 1 and shows the various databases; the memory, CPU, and storage they consume; and the savings after they have been con-solidated as pluggable databases in a single multitenant container database. In Figure 1, the red databases are database instances—three before consolidation and one multitenant container database after consolidation. The green databases—after consolidation—are pluggable databases.

The CIO chews on the information a bit and muses, “So, John, you are saying there is just one actual database, and therefore there is just one set each of memory areas such as SGA and background processes such as smon, regardless of the number of pluggable databases. Well, if there is just one actual database, how can there be multiple users with the same name—MORTENGAGE—in the database?”

Figure 1: From multiple database instances to pluggable databases in a multitenant container database

ORACLE DATABASE 12c

DBA1 DBA2 DBA3 One DBA

SGA SGA SGA SGA

Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 One Server

Tablespace

TablespaceUndo

Redo

TablespaceUndo

Redo

TablespaceUndo

Redo

TablespaceUndo

Redo

Database 1 Database 2 Database 3

CDB

App 1

App 2 App 3

PDB 1

Tablespace App 2

PDB 2

Tablespace App 3

PDB 3Physical

Database

PluggableDatabase

Before Consolidation After Consolidation

App 1

pmon smonpmon smonpmon smonpmon smon

DBA1

SGA

One DBA

I-HUA

CHE

N

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This is where the beauty of the multi- tenant architecture in Oracle Database 12c comes in, John explains. To a user, the plug-gable databases behave just like regular databases. In fact, a typical user may not even know the difference. If 50 instances of the application need to run, John con-tinues, the Acme DBAs create 50 pluggable databases in a single multitenant con-tainer database. Each pluggable database will have one MORTENGAGE user and will support one installation of the application. The audience, now visibly enthused, urges John to demonstrate how it all works.

InstallatIonTo create the databases, John kicks off the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant that came with Oracle Database 12c. After a few clicks, he comes to the Database Identification screen, shown in Figure 2. John selects Create a Container Database with one or more PDBs as shown and chooses 2 as the number of pluggable databases. He enters CONT as the multitenant container database name (in the Global Database Name field) and PLUG as the pluggable database name prefix (in the PDB Name Prefix field). This will create a multitenant container database named CONT and two pluggable databases named PLUG1 and PLUG2.

After the multitenant container database (CDB) is created, John wants to confirm that two pluggable databases were created. Oracle Database 12c introduces a new view called V$PDBS that shows the pluggable databases. John logs into SQL*Plus as a SYSDBA user and selects two columns from this view:

SQL> select con_id, name

2 from v$pdbs;

CON_ID NAME

—————————————— ———————————————————

2 PDB$SEED

3 PLUG1

4 PLUG2

The pluggable databases are also called containers, and each container has a unique identifier, shown in the CON_ID column in the output. John examines the output

from the query and confirms that two containers—with CON_IDs 3 and 4—were indeed created as expected. By default, Oracle Database 12c creates a container called PDB$SEED, which also shows up in the output. This container can’t be used by applications, John adds, but it can be used to create other containers by cloning.

The pluggable databases do not have their own background processes and shared memory areas. They do, however, take up some space in the multitenant container database’s Oracle metadata, redo logfile, controlfile, and some tablespaces such as undo. Each of the pluggable data-bases has its own SYSTEM, SYSAUX, TEMP, and USERS tablespaces. There is a common location for the Automatic Diagnostic Repository feature of Oracle Database for the multitenant container database; the pluggable databases do not have inde-pendent Automatic Diagnostic Repository locations. Therefore, John explains, if there were 50 independent databases as mentioned earlier, after the consolidation into 1 multitenant container database, the DBAs would need to manage only the multitenant container database. There is just 1 instance and 1 pmon process instead of 50, reducing the amount of CPU and memory required. All of this, John points out, dramatically reduces the cost of both infrastructure and operation.

Next, John moves on to creating the users required for the application. The application needs a user named MORTENGAGE. John creates that user in

each of the pluggable databases. To create the user in the PLUG1 pluggable database, he first sets the CONTAINER session param-eter to the pluggable database name and then creates the user.

SQL> alter session set container =

plug1;

Session altered.

SQL> create user mortengage identified

by plug1pass;

User created.

To create the same username in the other pluggable database, he issues the following commands:

SQL> alter session set container =

plug2;

Session altered.

SQL> create user mortengage identified

by plug2pass;

User created.

After John issues the commands, he confirms that the users exist by checking a view—new in Oracle Database 12c—called CDB_USERS:

SQL> select con_id, username, common

2 from cdb_users;

Figure 2: Oracle Database Configuration Assistant screen for creating pluggable databases

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oraCle magazine September/october 2013

CON_ID USERNAME COMMON

—————————————— ———————————————————— ————————

3 MORTENGAGE NO

4 MORTENGAGE NO

1 SYSTEM YES

2 SYSTEM YES

3 SYSTEM YES

4 SYSTEM YES

John draws everyone’s attention to this output. There are two users named MORTENGAGE, but they are in two different pluggable databases—containers—distin-guished by CON_IDs 3 and 4. Because they are distinct in their respective pluggable databases, they are not visible across all the pluggable databases. They are called local or noncommon users, indicated by the NO value in the COMMON column in the output. In contrast, John points out, the SYSTEM user is visible in all the containers. However, unlike the MORTENGAGE user, the SYSTEM user is the same user in all the pluggable databases in a multitenant container database. SYSTEM is known as a common user, and the SYSTEM user’s COMMON column value is YES.

ConneCtion“I see that there is a MORTENGAGE user in each of the pluggable databases,” offers one DBA, “but how does an application connect to a specific pluggable database?”

“Exactly as it used to connect in the past,” replies John. “By using the appropriate TNS connect string.” He puts the entries in the TNSNAMES.ORA file, located in the network\admin directory under Oracle Home on the client machines where the applications run; Listing 1 shows the TNSNAMES.ORA entries.

The service names in each connect string specify the pluggable database to connect to. Each pluggable database, John explains, has a unique service name that is the same as the pluggable database name. So the PLUG1 pluggable database has the default service name PLUG1, which cannot be defined in any other pluggable database in a multitenant container database. The applications connect to the database as they always did. For a simple demo, John con-nects to the PLUG1 pluggable database by using SQL*Plus:

sqlplus mortenagage/plug1pass@plug1

The application running against the PLUG2 pluggable database uses the plug2 connect string, so nothing changes from the perspective of the applications or the typical users. Instead of connecting to separate independent databases, applications and application users now connect to multiple pluggable databases—containers—in a single multitenant container database. To the applications, the containers are indepen-dent databases. This is music to the ears of the CIO.

To identify which pluggable database a user is connected to, John demonstrates a new user environment variable called CON_NAME in the SYS_CONTEXT function:

SQL> select sys_context('userenv',

'con_name')

2 from dual;

SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')

————————————————————————————————————————————————

PLUG1

At this point, May, the lead developer responsible for application deployment and maintenance, expresses a concern. Different installations of the MortEngage applica-tion require different settings in the data-base to improve performance, she informs everyone. For example, in one database, the OPTIMIzER_USE_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES

database parameter is set to TRUE to take advantage of the baselines, whereas in other databases, the parameter is set to FALSE. Now that the multitenant container data-base is the same for all these pluggable data-bases, her concern is that all the pluggable databases will have the same value for the parameter and that therefore some applica-tion installations may have serious issues.

It’s a valid concern, John concedes, but he announces that fortunately it is possible to set different values for different pluggable databases. He demonstrates this by setting the value of the parameter in the PLUG2 pluggable database to FALSE.

$ sqlplus sys/oracle@plug2 as sysdba

SQL> alter system set optimizer_use_sql_

plan_baselines = false scope=memory;

Then he sets the value of the same parameter to TRUE in the PLUG1 pluggable database.

$ sqlplus sys/oracle@plug1 as sysdba

SQL> alter system set optimizer_use_sql_

plan_baselines = true scope=memory;

John then logs in to the different plug-gable databases as the MORTENGAGE user and checks for the value of the parameter. First, connecting to PLUG2, he checks for the value:

PLUG1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prohost1)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = PLUG1) ) )

PLUG2 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prohost1)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = PLUG2) ) )

Code Listing 1: TNS entries for pluggable databases

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SQL> connect mortengage/plug2@plug2

SQL> show parameter optimizer_use_sql_

plan_baselines

NAME TYPE VALUE

———————————————————————————————— ——————————— ———————

optimizer_use_sql... boolean FALSE

The value of the parameter is FALSE, as expected. Then, connecting to PLUG1, John confirms that the value is TRUE.

SQL> connect mortengage/plug4@plug1

SQL> show parameter optimizer_use_sql_

plan_baselines

NAME TYPE VALUE

———————————————————————————————— ——————————— ———————

optimizer_use_sql... boolean TRUE

AdministrAtionAlthough the CIO is growing in confidence about the multitenant architecture, Jill, the DBA manager, appears skeptical. “Well,” she questions, “if this is actually a single database, how do the DBAs manage the pluggable databases independently? For example, how does a DBA shut down one pluggable database but not the other?”

That is a genuine concern, John agrees, but he assures her that the pluggable databases can still be managed separately. To demon-strate, John first logs into the PLUG1 pluggable database as SYSDBA and shuts it down:

SQL> conn sys/oracle@plug1 as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate

Pluggable database closed.

After it is shut down, John checks the status of the pluggable databases:

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> select con_id, name, open_mode

2 from v$pdbs;

CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE

———————— ———————————— —————————————

2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY

3 PLUG1 MOUNTED

4 PLUG2 READ WRITE

The PLUG1 pluggable database is now shown as MOUNTED, John confirms. The other pluggable databases have not been affected.

Similarly, to start the pluggable database, John issues the following commands:

SQL> conn sys/oracle@plug1 as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> startup

Pluggable Database opened.

Because the database instance belongs to the multitenant container database and is shared between pluggable databases, the instance itself is not shut down when John shuts the pluggable database down. And given that the alert log is for a database instance, it is for the multitenant container database, and John displays the last part of it, as shown in Listing 2. From the lines in the output, John confirms that the PLUG1 pluggable database was closed and later reopened in read/write mode.

Jill still isn’t convinced that this consolida-tion would be a cakewalk for her team. “We have a ton of scripts that use views with the prefix DBA_, such as DBA_USERS, to get a listing of all users,” she explains. “Do we have to change all those scripts to use the CDB_ prefixed views? That’s a lot of changes.”

Not at all, assures John. The CDB_ prefixed views, newly introduced in Oracle Database 12c, show the data across all the pluggable databases inside a container data-base. However, when the DBA is connected to a single pluggable database, the DBA_ prefixed views show the metadata of that specific pluggable database only. None of the

scripts referencing the DBA_ prefixed views needs to be changed.

In addition, Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c is also aware of the multitenant archi-tecture, and the Acme DBAs can use the tool to manage the multitenant container database and the pluggable databases. Jill couldn’t be happier.

CloningThe beauty of the Oracle Database 12c multitenant architecture doesn’t stop at just being able to run multiple pluggable databases within a multitenant container database, John adds. It is also possible to create another pluggable database as a copy of an existing one quickly—or clone the pluggable database. John demonstrates the procedure of cloning the PLUG2 plug-gable database as a new pluggable data-base named PLUG3: 1. Connect to the multitenant container

database as a SYSDBA user.

SQL> conn / as sysdba

2. Close the PLUG2 pluggable database.

SQL> alter pluggable database plug2

close;

3. Open the PLUG2 pluggable database in read-only mode, because that is the status it should be in when it is cloned.

SQL> alter pluggable database plug2

open read only;

4. Create the PLUG3 pluggable database as

2012-12-21 16:24:31.874000 -05:00ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE IMMEDIATEALTER SYSTEM: Flushing buffer cache inst=0 container=3 local2012-12-21 16:24:32.923000 -05:00Pluggable Database PLUG1 closedCompleted: ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE IMMEDIATE2012-12-21 16:24:38.095000 -05:00ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE2012-12-21 16:24:45.659000 -05:00Opening PDB 3 with no Resource Manager plan activePluggable Database PLUG1 opened read writeCompleted: ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE… output truncated …

Code Listing 2: Alert log

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53DATABASE CLOUD

ORACLE MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013

a copy of PLUG2. Because cloning creates new datafiles, John needs to indicate that the new datafile names should include “PLUG3” wherever “PLUG2” appears. The FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause takes care of that:

SQL> create pluggable database

plug3 from plug2 file_name_convert =

('PLUG2','PLUG3');

The command succeeds, with the message “Pluggable database created.”

5. Open the newly created pluggable database.

SQL> alter pluggable database plug3

open;

Now the PLUG3 pluggable database is ready for business.

6. As a final step, John closes the PLUG2

pluggable database (which is now in read-only mode) and reopens it in read/write mode.Jill, the DBA manager, sees a lot of

potential for this feature. The DBAs are often asked by the application team to clone QA and test databases for their testing and to drop them after the testing is completed. This activity not only demands a consider-able effort from the DBAs but it also requires significant CPU and memory on the server to run the new database instances. With the multitenant architecture and cloning, John continues, Jill can immediately spin up another database for testing without consuming any additional CPU or memory. When the testing is completed, she can drop the newly created pluggable database by issuing the following SQL:

drop pluggable database plug3 including

datafiles;

Jill also occasionally has to clone data-bases from another server. She asks whether the Oracle Database 12c multitenant archi-tecture supports that. The cloning doesn’t have to be within the same database, John answers. It is possible to clone a pluggable database from another multitenant con-tainer database as well, or “plug” a plug-gable database from a remote multitenant container database into this multitenant container database. John demonstrates the technique with the following steps: 1. Close the pluggable database to be

cloned in the source multitenant con-tainer database.

SQL> alter pluggable database plug4

close;

Pluggable database altered.

2. “Unplug” the pluggable database: Create

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54 DATABASE CLOUD

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013 ORACLE.COM/ORACLEMAGAZINE

a new metadata file with information from the pluggable database. This metadata file is in XML format, and John names it pluginfo_plug4.xml. This file is created in the Oracle Home, under the database directory (in Windows) or dbs (in UNIX).

SQL> alter pluggable database plug4

2 unplug into 'pluginfo_plug4.xml';

Pluggable database altered.

The Oracle-hosted online version of this article at bit.ly/158fW4g includes the remaining steps required to clone the plug-gable database as well as questions and answers on backups in the multitenant con-tainer database architecture.

CONCLUSIONPluggable databases running in the multi-tenant architecture of Oracle Database 12c

offer the simplicity and familiarity of tradi-tional databases while providing the flex-ibility to run multiple pluggable databases within one multitenant container database. The multitenant architecture enables many schemas with the same name to be created without the need to create many disparate databases. Because there is just one multi tenant container database, there is just one database instance, eliminating the Oracle Database background process and memory areas such as SGA for separate databases. And running pluggable data-bases in the multitenant architecture of Oracle Database 12c requires no changes to applications.

Acme’s IT leaders are all nods and smiles, and there are no more questions about Oracle Database 12c, multitenant container architecture, pluggable data-bases, provisioning, cloning, or backups. The meeting is adjourned. t

READ online-only article content bit.ly/158fW4gLEARN more about Oracle Database 12coracle.com/database

Oracle Multitenant concepts Oracle Database Concepts 12c Release 1 (12.1)bit.ly/13S7CZv

DOWNLOAD Oracle Database 12cbit.ly/epBiUG

NEXT STEPS

Arup Nanda (arup@proligence.com) has been an Oracle DBA since 1993, handling all aspects of database administration, from

performance tuning to security and disaster recovery. He was Oracle Magazine’s DBA of the Year in 2003 and received an Oracle Excellence Award for Technologist of the Year in 2012.

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SO13_TechCloud_12c.indd 54 8/1/13 3:55 PM

Database Application Developer 55

oracle magazine september/october 2013

Pl/SQl by steven Feuerstein

PL/SQL EnhancementsOracle Database 12c enhances the PL/SQL function result cache, improves PL/SQL execution in SQL, adds a whitelist, and fine-tunes privileges.

Oracle Database 12c offers a variety of enhancements to the way you can

define and execute PL/SQL program units. This article covers several new Oracle Database 12c features that enable you to do the following:•Optimize invoker rights functions for the

RESULT_CACHE clause•Define and execute PL/SQL functions

inside SQL statements•Restrict access to program units through

use of a “whitelist,” specified by the ACCESSIBLE BY clause•Fine-tune privileges for a program unit by

granting roles to that unit

InvokerrIghtsandthePL/sQLFunctIonresuLtcacheOracle Database 11g introduced the PL/SQL function result cache, which offers a very powerful, efficient, and easy-to-use caching mechanism. The main objective of this cache is to ensure that if a row of data hasn’t changed since it was last fetched from the database, no SQL statement needs to execute for it to be retrieved again.

This holds true across the entire data-base instance. In other words, suppose a user connected to schema USER_ONE exe-cutes a result-cached function to retrieve the row from the employees table for employee ID = 100. When a user connected to schema USER_TWO executes the same function call for the same employee ID, that row of information is retrieved directly from the cache and not by execution of a SELECT statement.

If you are not already using this feature (and you are using Oracle Database 11g), I strongly encourage you to investigate it and start applying it—in close collaboration with your DBA so that the result cache pool is sized properly.

Even in Oracle Database 11g Release 2, however, you could not combine invoker rights (AUTHID CURRENT_USER clause) with the function result cache (RESULT_CACHE keyword). An attempt to compile the following function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION last_name (

employee_id_in

IN employees.employee_id%TYPE)

RETURN employees.last_name%TYPE

AUTHID CURRENT_USER

RESULT_CACHE

IS

l_return employees.last_name%TYPE;

BEGIN

SELECT last_name

INTO l_return

FROM employees

WHERE employee_id = employee_id_in;

RETURN l_return;

END;

/

results in this compilation error:

PLS-00999: implementation restriction

(may be temporary) RESULT_CACHE is

disallowed on subprograms in

Invoker-Rights modules

The reason for this restriction is the whole point of invoker rights. At runtime the PL/SQL engine uses the privileges of the current user to resolve references to database objects such as tables and views. But if such a function was compiled with RESULT_CACHE, then (using the example above) after USER_ONE executed the func-tion, passing in 100, when USER_TWO makes the same function call, the body of the function would not be executed and the

reference to the EMPLOYEES table would not be resolved according to USER_TWO’s privilege. This could have caused serious security issues.

Well, the good news is that this restriction was temporary. In Oracle Database 12c, you can now compile functions such as last_name (above) without error—and Oracle Database 12c does the right thing, of course.

Behind the scenes, Oracle Database 12c passes the name of the current user as a hidden parameter; this value is cached along with the values of all the arguments passed to the function. So each time the last_name function is called, Oracle Database 12c checks to see if that function has been previ-ously called with both the same employee ID and the same current user.

This means that the result cache for an invoker rights function is (logically) par-titioned by the name of the current user. Consequently, the result cache for an invoker rights function will improve performance only in situations in which the same user calls the function with the same argument values repeatedly. Another way of explaining this is to point out that in Oracle Database 11g Release 2, I could have achieved the same effect, but only if I had changed the implementation of the last_name function, as shown in Listing 1.

Note that the last_name function is defined in the package specification and is not result-cached. Instead, that public function (declared in the package speci-fication) merely calls the private/internal “version” of the function, which has a second parameter: the user.

So each time you call employee_api .last_name, Oracle Database 11g Release 2 adds the name of the user to the set of values used by the database to determine whether there is a match in the result cache.

OracLe DatabaSe

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This is no longer necessary; in Oracle Database 12c, you simply need to decide if you think it is worth adding RESULT_CACHE to invoker rights programs.

Define PL/SQL SubProgramS in a SQL StatementDevelopers have long been able to call their own PL/SQL functions from within a SQL statement. Suppose, for example, I have created a function named BETWNSTR that returns the substring between the specified start and end locations:

FUNCTION betwnstr (

string_in IN VARCHAR2

, start_in IN PLS_INTEGER

, end_in IN PLS_INTEGER

)

RETURN VARCHAR2

IS

BEGIN

RETURN ( SUBSTR (

string_in, start_in,

end_in - start_in + 1 ));

END;

I can then use it in a query as follows:

SELECT betwnstr (last_name, 3, 5)

FROM employees

This approach offers a way to both “extend” the SQL language with applica-tion-specific functionality and reuse (rather than copy) algorithms. A downside of user-defined function execution in SQL is that it involves a context switch between the SQL and PL/SQL execution engines.

With Oracle Database 12c, you can now define PL/SQL functions and procedures in the WITH clause of a subquery and then use them as you would any other built-in or user-defined function. This feature enables me to consolidate the BETWNSTR function and query shown above into a single statement:

WITH

FUNCTION betwnstr (

string_in IN VARCHAR2,

start_in IN PLS_INTEGER,

end_in IN PLS_INTEGER)

RETURN VARCHAR2

IS

BEGIN

RETURN (SUBSTR (

string_in,

start_in,

end_in - start_in + 1));

END;

SELECT betwnstr (last_name)

FROM employees

So why would a developer want to copy logic from a PL/SQL function into a SQL statement? To improve performance. When I call my own PL/SQL function in a SQL statement, the SQL engine must perform a performance-affecting context switch to the PL/SQL engine. Moving the code inside the SQL statement means that that context switch no longer occurs.

reference a PackageD conStantAlthough you can call a packaged function in SQL, you cannot reference a constant declared in a package (unless that SQL statement is executed inside a PL/SQL block). Here’s an example of the constant reference limitation:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE pkg

2 IS

3 year_number

CONSTANT INTEGER := 2013;

4 END;

5 /

Package created.

SQL> SELECT pkg.year_number

FROM employees

2 WHERE employee_id = 138

3 /

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE employee_api AUTHID CURRENT_USERIS FUNCTION last_name ( employee_id_in IN employees.employee_id%TYPE) RETURN employees.last_name%TYPE;END;/

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY employee_apiIS FUNCTION i_last_name ( employee_id_in IN employees.employee_id%TYPE, user_in IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT USER) RETURN employees.last_name%TYPE RESULT_CACHE IS l_return employees.last_name%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT last_name INTO l_return FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id_in;

RETURN l_return; END;

FUNCTION last_name ( employee_id_in IN employees.employee_id%TYPE) RETURN employees.last_name%TYPE IS l_return employees.last_name%TYPE; BEGIN RETURN i_last_name (employee_id_in, USER); END;END;/

Code Listing 1: “Partitioned” Oracle Database 11g Release 2 invoker’s rights function

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SELECT pkg.year_number FROM employees

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-06553: PLS-221: 'YEAR_NUMBER' is not

a procedure or is undefined

The classic workaround to this limitation has been to define a function in the package and then call the function:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE pkg

2 IS

3 FUNCTION year_number

4 RETURN INTEGER;

5 END;

6 /

Package created.

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY pkg

2 IS

3 c_year_number

CONSTANT INTEGER := 2013;

4

5 FUNCTION year_number

6 RETURN INTEGER

7 IS

8 BEGIN

9 RETURN c_year_number;

10 END;

11 END;

12 /

Package body created.

SQL> SELECT pkg.year_number

2 FROM employees

3 WHERE employee_id = 138

4 /

YEAR_NUMBER

———————————

2013

Each PL/SQL article offers a quiz to test your knowledge of the information provided in it. The quiz appears below and also at PL/SQL Challenge (plsqlchallenge.com), a website that offers online quizzes on the PL/SQL language as well as SQL and Oracle Application Express.

Here is your quiz for this article. I create and populate a table as follows:

CREATE TABLE plch_accounts

(

account_name VARCHAR2 (100),

account_status VARCHAR2 (6)

)

/

BEGIN

INSERT INTO plch_accounts

VALUES (‘ACME WIDGETS’, ‘ACTIVE’);

INSERT INTO plch_accounts

VALUES (‘BEST SHOES’, ‘CLOSED’);

COMMIT;

END;

/

Which of the following will display “ACME WIDGETS” after execution?

a.CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE plch_constants

IS

active CONSTANT VARCHAR2 (6) := ‘ACTIVE’ ;

closed CONSTANT VARCHAR2 (6) := ‘CLOSED’ ;

END;

/

SELECT account_name

FROM plch_accounts

WHERE account_status = plch_constants.active

/

b.CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE plch_constants

IS

FUNCTION active

RETURN VARCHAR2;

FUNCTION closed

RETURN VARCHAR2;

END;

/

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY plch_constants

IS

FUNCTION active

RETURN VARCHAR2

IS

BEGIN

RETURN ‘ACTIVE’;

END;

FUNCTION closed

RETURN VARCHAR2

IS

BEGIN

RETURN ‘CLOSED’;

END;

END;

/

SELECT account_name

FROM plch_accounts

WHERE account_status = plch_constants.active

/

c.CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE plch_constants

IS

active CONSTANT VARCHAR2 (6) := ‘ACTIVE’ ;

closed CONSTANT VARCHAR2 (6) := ‘CLOSED’ ;

END;

/

WITH

FUNCTION active

RETURN VARCHAR2

IS

BEGIN

RETURN plch_constants.active;

END;

SELECT account_name

FROM plch_accounts

WHERE account_status = active

/

Take the Challenge

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september/october 2013 OracLe.cOm/OracLemagazine

That’s a lot of code and effort simply to be able to reference the constant’s value in a SQL statement. And, with Oracle Database 12c, it is no longer necessary. I can, instead, simply create a function in the WITH clause:

WITH

FUNCTION year_number

RETURN INTEGER

IS

BEGIN

RETURN pkg.year_number;

END;

SELECT year_number

FROM employees

WHERE employee_id = 138

You will also find in-SQL PL/SQL func-tions to be handy in standby read-only data-bases. Although you will not be able to create “helper” PL/SQL functions in such a data-base, you will be able to define that function directly inside the query.

This WITH FUNCTION feature is a very useful enhancement to the SQL language. You should, however, ask yourself this ques-tion each time you contemplate using it: “Do I need this same functionality in multiple places in my application?”

If you do need it, you should decide if the performance improvement of using WITH FUNCTION outweighs the potential down-side of copying and pasting this logic into multiple SQL statements.

Whitelists and the aCCessiBle BY ClauseMost PL/SQL-based applications are made up of many packages, some of which are the “top level” API to be used by programmers to implement user requirements and others of which are “helper” packages that are to be used only by certain other packages.

Before Oracle Database 12c, PL/SQL could not prevent a session from using any and all subprograms in packages to which that session’s schema had been granted EXECUTE authority. As of Oracle Database 12c, in contrast, all PL/SQL program units have an optional ACCESSIBLE BY clause that enables you to specify a whitelist of other PL/SQL units that can access the PL/SQL unit you are creating or altering.

Let’s take a look at an example. First I create my “public” package specification, which is intended for use by other developers to build the application.

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE public_pkg

IS

PROCEDURE do_only_this;

END;

/

Next, I create the specification of my “private” package. The package is private in the sense that I want to make sure that it can be invoked only from within the public package (public_pkg). So I add the ACCESSIBLE_BY clause:

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE private_pkg

ACCESSIBLE BY (public_pkg)

IS

PROCEDURE do_this;

PROCEDURE do_that;

END;

/

Now it’s time to implement the package bodies. The public_pkg.do_only_this proce-dure calls the private_pkg subprograms:

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY public_pkg

IS

PROCEDURE do_only_this

IS

BEGIN

private_pkg.do_this;

private_pkg.do_that;

END;

END;

/

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY

private_pkg

IS

PROCEDURE do_this

IS

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('THIS');

END;

PROCEDURE do_that

IS

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('THAT');

END;

END;

/

I can now run the public package’s proce-dure without any problem:

BEGIN

public_pkg.do_only_this;

END;

/

THIS

THAT

But if I try to call a subprogram in the private package in an anonymous block, I see this error:

BEGIN

private_pkg.do_this;

END;

/

ERROR at line 2:

ORA-06550: line 2, column 1:

PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to

access object PRIVATE_PKG

ORA-06550: line 2, column 1:

PL/SQL: Statement ignored

And the same error occurs if I try to compile a program unit that tries to call a subprogram in the private package:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE

use_private

2 IS

3 BEGIN

4 private_pkg.do_this;

5 END;

6 /

The PL/SQL Challenge question in the Oracle Magazine March/April issue’s “Working with Cursors” article focused on working with cursors in PL/SQL and asked you to pick the function that would return a record that contains the row of information for the speci-fied primary key. All four choices are correct, although only (a)—using a SELECT-INTO statement—is recommended.

Answer to Previous Challenge

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Warning: Procedure created with

compilation errors.

SQL> SHOW ERRORS

Errors for PROCEDURE USE_PRIVATE:

LINE/COL ERROR

———————— ——————————————————————————

4/4 PL/SQL: Statement ignored

4/4 PLS-00904: insufficient

privilege to access object

PRIVATE_PKG

As the “PLS” error indicates, this issue is caught at compilation time. There is no runtime performance hit for using this feature.

Grant roles to ProGram UnitsBefore Oracle Database 12c, a definer’s rights program unit (defined with the AUTHID DEFINER or no AUTHID clause) always executed with the privileges of the definer of that unit. An invoker’s rights program unit (defined with the AUTHID CURRENT_USER clause) always executed with the privileges of the invoker of that unit.

A consequence of these two distinct AUTHID settings is that program units that need to be executed by all users would have to be created as definer’s rights units. The program units would then execute with all the privileges of the definer, which might not be optimal from a security standpoint.

As of Oracle Database 12c, you can grant roles to PL/SQL packages and schema-level procedures and functions. Role-based privi-leges for program units enable developers to fine-tune the privileges available to the invoker of a program unit.

You can now define a program unit as having invoker’s rights and then comple-ment the invoker’s privileges with specific, limited privileges granted through the role.

Let’s walk through an example that shows how to grant roles to program units and the impact it has. Suppose that the HR schema contains the departments and employees tables, defined and populated with data as follows:

CREATE TABLE departments

(

department_id INTEGER,

department_name VARCHAR2 (100),

staff_freeze CHAR (1)

)

/

BEGIN

INSERT INTO departments

VALUES (10, 'IT', 'Y');

INSERT INTO departments

VALUES (20, 'HR', 'N');

COMMIT;

END;

/

CREATE TABLE employees

(

employee_id INTEGER,

department_id INTEGER,

last_name VARCHAR2 (100)

)

/

BEGIN

DELETE FROM employees;

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (100, 10, 'Price');

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (101, 20, 'Sam');

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (102, 20, 'Joseph');

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (103, 20, 'Smith');

COMMIT;

END;

/

And suppose that the SCOTT schema con-tains only an employees table, defined and populated with data as follows:

CREATE TABLE employees

(

employee_id INTEGER,

department_id INTEGER,

last_name VARCHAR2 (100)

)

/

BEGIN

DELETE FROM employees;

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (100, 10, 'Price');

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (104, 20, 'Lakshmi');

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (105, 20, 'Silva');

INSERT INTO employees

VALUES (106, 20, 'Ling');

COMMIT;

END;

/

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE remove_emps_in_dept ( department_id_in IN employees.department_id%TYPE) AUTHID DEFINERIS l_freeze departments.staff_freeze%TYPE;BEGIN SELECT staff_freeze INTO l_freeze FROM HR.departments WHERE department_id = department_id_in;

IF l_freeze = ‘N’ THEN DELETE FROM employees WHERE department_id = department_id_in; END IF;END;/

Code Listing 2: Definer’s rights procedure that removes employee records

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HR also contains a procedure that removes all employees from the specified department as long as the department does not have its staff “frozen.” I will first create this procedure as a definer’s rights unit, as shown in Listing 2.

And SCOTT can execute this procedure:

GRANT EXECUTE

ON remove_emps_in_dept

TO SCOTT

/

When SCOTT executes the procedure as shown below, it will remove three rows—but from HR’s employees table, because the pro-cedure is a definer’s rights unit.

BEGIN

HR.remove_emps_in_dept (20);

END;

/

I need to change this procedure so that it will remove rows from SCOTT’s employees table, not HR’s. That is precisely what invok-er’s rights do. But if I change the AUTHID clause of this procedure to

AUTHID CURRENT_USER

and run the procedure again, I see this:

BEGIN

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

ORA-06512: at "HR.REMOVE_EMPS_IN_DEPT",

line 7

ORA-06512: at line 2

The problem is that Oracle Database is now using the privileges of SCOTT to resolve the references to two tables: HR.departments and SCOTT.employees. SCOTT has no privileges on HR’s depart-ments table, however, so Oracle Database raises the ORA-00942 error.

Prior to Oracle Database 12c, the DBA would have had to grant the necessary privileges on HR.departments to SCOTT. Now, however, DBAs can take the following steps instead:

1. From a schema with the necessary privi-leges, create a role and grant it to HR:

CREATE ROLE hr_departments

/

GRANT hr_departments TO hr

/

2. Connected to HR, grant the desired privi-lege to the role and then grant the role to the procedure:

GRANT SELECT

ON departments

TO hr_departments

/

GRANT hr_departments TO PROCEDURE

remove_emps_in_dept

/

And now when I execute the following statements from SCOTT, the rows are removed from the SCOTT.employees table:

SELECT COUNT (*)

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 20

/

COUNT(*)

—————————————

3

BEGIN

hr.remove_emps_in_dept (20);

END;

/

SELECT COUNT (*)

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 20

/

COUNT(*)

—————————————

0

Roles granted to a program unit do not affect compilation. Instead, they affect the privilege checking of SQL statements the unit issues at runtime. Thus, the procedure

or function executes with the privileges of both its own roles and any other currently enabled roles.

This feature will be of most use with invoker rights program units. You will likely consider granting roles to a definer’s rights unit when that unit executes dynamic SQL, because the privileges for that dynamic statement are checked at runtime.

Up Next: pL/SQL eNhaNcemeNtS for execUtiNg SQLOracle Database 12c offers significant improvements in flexibility and functionality when it comes to defining and executing program units. Oracle Database 12c features enable PL/SQL developers to use invoker rights with the function result cache, define and execute PL/SQL subprograms in SQL statements, restrict access to program units by way of a whitelist, and grant roles to program units.

Oracle Database 12c also enhances SQL execution in PL/SQL program units in a variety of ways, which I will cover in the next issue of Oracle Magazine.

DOWNLOAD Oracle Database 12cbit.ly/fherkiTEST your PL/SQL knowledgeplsqlchallenge.comREAD PL/SQL 101, parts 1–12 bit.ly/omagplsqlREAD more about Oracle Database 12coracle.com/databasePL/SQLoracle.com/technetwork/database/ features/plsql

NExT STEPS

Steven Feuerstein (steven.feuerstein@software.dell.com) is Dell’s PL/SQL evangelist. He is an Oracle ACE Director, widely read

author, and creator of the PL/SQL Challenge, a quiz site for Oracle technologists. More information is available at plsqlchallenge.com.

SO13_PLSQL.indd 60 7/31/13 1:45 PM

Database Application Developer and DBA 61

oracle magazine September/OctOber 2013

ask Tom by tOm Kyte

On Oracle Database 12c, Part 1Our technologist improves default values, handles bigger datatypes, and FETCHes for the first time.

Usually I take three or four user- submitted questions from the past

two months and present those questions and answers here in each Ask Tom column. In the next four columns, however, I will take a look at some key Oracle Database 12c features. These features are all part of the “12 Things About Oracle Database 12c” pre-sentation I gave at Oracle OpenWorld 2012 in San Francisco. (You can find the slides for that presentation on asktom.oracle.com on the Files tab). The first three Oracle Database 12c features I’ll take a look at are•Improved defaults•Bigger datatypes•Top-n queries

ImproveddefaultsThe ability to create a default column value has existed in SQL for a while. The functionality has been somewhat limited, however, with various restrictions. For example, you were restricted from using a SEQUENCE object to supply a default value. Additionally, if a default value was to be inserted into or updated in a table, you had to either use the DEFAULT keyword in the SQL statement or leave the column out of the INSERT statement entirely. Furthermore, adding a new column that permits NULL values with a default value was an offline operation. In Oracle Database 12c, however, these restrictions and func-tionality limitations have been removed. removedrestriction:GeneratingadefaultvaluefromaseQueNCe. In Oracle Database 12c, you can now use the .NEXTVAL attribute of a sequence to create a default column value. For example, this code

SQL> create sequence s;

Sequence created.

SQL> create table t

2 ( x int

3 default s.nextval

4 primary key,

5 y varchar2(30)

6 );

Table created.

SQL> insert into t (x,y)

2 values ( default, 'hello' );

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t (y)

2 values ( 'world' );

1 row created.

SQL> select * from t;

X Y

——————————— ——————————————————————————

1 hello

2 world

demonstrates that you can create a default column value for the primary key from the sequence value—without using a trigger, as you would have in the past. So in Oracle Database 12c, DEFAULT S.NEXTVAL in the CREATE TABLE statement will replace the following procedural code:

SQL> create trigger t

2 before insert on t

3 for each row

4 begin

5 if (:new.x is null)

6 then

7 :new.x := s.nextval;

8 end if;

9 end;

10 /

Trigger created.

In addition to using a reference to a sequence to create a default column value, you can alternatively use an IDENTITY type, which will generate a sequence and associate that sequence with the table. For example, this CREATE TABLE statement

SQL> create table t

2 ( x int

3 generated as identity

4 primary key,

5 y varchar2(30)

6 )

7 /

Table created.

will result in the same data’s being loaded into table T without your having to explicitly create a sequence (as you did in the CREATE TABLE statement that explicitly called DEFAULT S.NEXTVAL). You can see this sequence if you look at the schema:

SQL> select object_name, object_type

2 from user_objects

3 /

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE

————————————————————————————— ————————————————

T TABLE

ISEQ$$_90241 SEQUENCE

SYS_C0010233 INDEX

But note that if you drop the table and purge it from the recycle bin, the sequence will be removed as well:

SQL> drop table t purge;

Table dropped.

SQL> select object_name, object_type

2 from user_objects

OraClE DaTabasE 12c

I-HUa

CHE

n

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3 /

no rows selected

Because identity is using a sequence under the covers, you can also control all the settings of the underlying sequence. For example, this CREATE TABLE statement

SQL> create table t

2 ( x int

3 generated by default

4 as identity

5 ( start with 42

6 increment by 1000 )

7 primary key,

8 y varchar2(30)

9 )

10 /

Table created.

shows that you can control the START WITH and INCREMENT BY values. Additionally, by using the GENERATED BY DEFAULT state-ment instead of just GENERATED, you can override the default identity value. Here I demonstrate this by inserting the value 1 and then two more rows, enabling identity to generate the default values:

SQL> insert into t (x,y)

2 values ( 1, 'override' );

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t (x,y)

2 values ( default, 'hello' );

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t (y)

2 values ( 'world' );

1 row created.

SQL> select * from t;

X Y

————————————— ————————————————————————————

1 override

42 hello

1042 world

Improved Functionality: Create a Default Value for a NULL Column. In Oracle Database 12c, you can now create a default column value not only when you use the DEFAULT

keyword or leave the column entirely out of the INSERT statement but also when you set the column value explicitly to NULL.

In the past, if a column used a default value, you either had to use the DEFAULT keyword in the INSERT/UPDATE state-ment or leave the column entirely out of the INSERT/UPDATE statement. That meant that in order to use a default value at certain times and not others, you needed at least two INSERT/UPDATE statements with complicated if/then/else constructs. For example, if column X had a default value and you sometimes wanted to insert an over-riding value and sometimes not, you would need code resembling the following:

if (x is_to_be_defaulted)

then

insert into t (x, … )

values ( DEFAULT, … );

else

insert into t (x, … )

values ( :x, … );

end if;

Now, that might be OK if you some-times had to create a default value for one column, but what if you have two or three or more columns? Think of how many combi-nations of INSERTs or UPDATEs you would need with complex if/then/else blocks to support that. In Oracle Database 12c, you can now create a default column value when you explicitly put a NULL value into that column. Here’s an example:

SQL> create table t

2 ( x number

3 generated as identity

4 primary key,

5 y varchar2(30),

6 z number default ON NULL 42

7 )

8 /

Table created.

By using z number default ON NULL 42, I’ve specified that column Z will receive the default value not only when I explic-itly set it to DEFAULT or leave it out of the INSERT statement but also when I explicitly insert NULL into it, as in

SQL> insert into t (y)

2 values ( 'just y' );

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t (y,z)

2 values ( 'y with z set to null',

null );

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t (y,z)

2 values ( 'y and z', 100 );

1 row created.

SQL> select * from t;

X Y Z

————— ——————————————————————————————— ————————

1 just y 42

2 y with z set to null 42

3 y and z 100

As you can see, the Z column value is created with the default value 42 in both cases now. Also, the declaration for Z had the effect of defining it as NOT NULL, even though I did not explicitly state that:

SQL> select column_name, nullable

2 from user_tab_columns

3 where table_name = 'T'

4 order by column_id

5 /

COLUMN_NAME N

——————————————— —

X N

Y Y

Z N

More Online Operations: Better Column Addition. In Oracle Database 11g you were able to perform a fast add of a column to a table if it had a default value and was defined as NOT NULL. (Arup Nanda has written about this at bit.ly/16tQNCh). However, if you attempted to add a column with a default value and that column permitted null values, the ADD COLUMN operation could take a significant amount of time, generate a large amount of undo and redo, and lock the entire table for the duration of the operation. In Oracle Database 12c, that time, volume, and locking are no longer part of the process.

SO13_asktom.indd 62 7/31/13 2:20 PM

63Ask tom

orAcle mAgAzine September/OctOber 2013

To demonstrate this, I copy ALL_OBJECTS into a table and measure its space—in blocks and bytes—using the show_space utility, posted on asktom.oracle.com:

SQL> create table t

2 as

3 select *

4 from all_objects;

Table created.

SQL> exec show_space('T')

…

Full Blocks .... 1,437

Total Blocks........... 1,536

Total Bytes............ 12,582,912

Total MBytes........... 12

…

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Now I add a column to table T, and this column will have a large default value. Because the column I’m adding is a CHAR(2000), it will always consume the full 2,000 bytes, given that the CHAR type is always blank-padded and fixed-width. Table T has more than 87,000 records, so adding a column would typically take a sig-nificant amount of time, but as you can see, the addition is practically instantaneous in Oracle Database 12c:

SQL> set timing on

SQL> alter table t

add (data char(2000) default 'x');

Table altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.07

I perform the identical operation in Oracle Database 11g and observe the fol-lowing timing:

SQL> set timing on

SQL> alter table t

add (data char(2000) default 'x');

Table altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:28.59

Clearly, that’s a significant difference in runtimes. Plus, when I look at the size of the table with the additional column in Oracle Database 12c

SQL> exec show_space('T')

…

Full Blocks .... 1,437

Total Blocks........... 1,536

Total Bytes............ 12,582,912

Total MBytes........... 12

…

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

I see that the table did not grow at all. However, running the same test in Oracle Database 11g shows that the table will grow from about 9 MB to 192 MB. Additionally, in Oracle Database 11g, almost every row in the table was a migrated row, because the row grew by orders of magnitude. That table prob-ably would be due for a reorganization in the prior releases but not in Oracle Database 12c.

Bigger Datatypes Oracle8 Database provided a big increase in the size of VARCHAR types—from 255 bytes (in Oracle7) to 4,000 bytes. Now the Oracle Database 12c release increases the size from 4,000 bytes to 32 K, bringing the SQL VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW datatypes in line with their PL/SQL counterparts.

By default, this new capability is not enabled and would have to be enabled by the DBA’s setting the new MAX_STRING_SIZE init.ora parameter to EXTENDED. Once that’s done, you’ll be able to issue state-ments such as

SQL> create table t ( x varchar(32767) );

Table created.

and then use string functions such as RPAD, LPAD, and TRIM :

SQL> insert into

t values ( rpad('*',32000,'*') );

1 row created.

SQL> select length(x) from t;

LENGTH(X)

——————————————

32000

In the past, RPAD and other string built-in functions would have been able to return only 4,000 bytes, but now they can return up to 32 K for a VARCHAR2 return type.

Under the covers, Oracle Database 12c is using a large object (LOB) to store these larger strings and raw types. If the inserted string is up to 4,000 bytes, the database will store the data in the table database block just as it does with a legacy VARCHAR2 type; if the string exceeds 4,000 bytes, however, the database will transparently store it out of line in a LOB segment and index.

top-N Queries aND pagiNatioNOut of the many thousands of questions on Ask Tom (asktom.oracle.com), a couple of the most popular are, “How do I get rows N through M of a result set” (how to paginate through a result set) and “How do I get the first N records of a result set.” In fact, I’ve written more than one article in Oracle Magazine over the years to address these questions (“On Top-n and Pagination Queries” [bit.ly/Z6nxLL] and “On ROWNUM and Limiting Results” [bit.ly/16jAvdf]). These articles demonstrated how to accom-plish these feats, but the methods demon-strated are cumbersome, nonintuitive, and not necessarily portable.

Figure 1: Row limiting clause syntax

OFFSET

FETCH

o�setROW

ROWS

ROW

ROWS

ONLY

WITH TIES

FIRST

NEXT

rowcount

percent PERCENT

SO13_asktom.indd 63 7/31/13 2:20 PM

64 Ask tom

September/OctOber 2013 orAcle.com/orAclemAgAzine

Oracle Database 12c includes support for the ANSI-standard FETCH FIRST/NEXT and OFFSET clauses—together called the row limiting clause. This clause enables you to easily retrieve the first N records from a result set or, alternatively, the first N records after skipping over a set of records, so you can easily paginate through a result set. The diagram in Figure 1 shows the syntax for the row limiting clause.

The row limiting clause is simply added to the end of any SQL SELECT statement to fetch a specific set of records—there is no need for multiple layers of inline views and WHERE clauses that have to be carefully

positioned, as there was with ROWNUM and ROW_NUMBER().

For example, if I have a table T

SQL> create table t

2 as

3 select * from all_objects;

Table created.

SQL> create index t_idx

on t(owner,object_name);

Index created.

and I want to retrieve the first five rows after sorting by OWNER and OBJECT_NAME, I

only need to add a FETCH FIRST N ROWS to the SQL query, as shown in Listing 1.

As you can tell by the predicate informa-tion in Listing 1, the row limiting clause is using ROW_NUMBER() transparently under the covers, rewriting the query to use ana-lytics. The row limiting clause, in short, is making it much easier to do something you would have done manually in the past.

To paginate through a result set—to get N rows at a time from a specific page in the result set—I add the OFFSET clause. In Listing 2, I skip the first five rows and get the next five rows from a result set.

As you can see in Listing 2, the database, under the covers, is rewriting the query to use inline views and analytics once again—automating something that was previously nonintuitive and complex.

Note that in real life, you would use bind variables instead of hard-coded literals, so instead of using the number 5 as I did, you would have bound in the number 5.

ASK Tom Tom Kyte answers your most difficult technology questions. Highlights from that forum appear in this column. asktom.oracle.com FOLLOW Tom on Twitter@OracleAskTomREAD more Tombit.ly/omagasktom

DOWNLOAD Oracle Database 12cbit.ly/epBiUG LEARN more about Oracle Database 12coracle.com/database FOLLOW Oracle Database on Twitter@oracledatabaseon Facebookfacebook.com/oracledatabase

NExT STEpS

SQL> select owner, object_name, object_id 2 from t 3 order by owner, object_name 4 FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;…—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 1450 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 1 | VIEW | | 5 | 1450 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 2 | WINDOW NOSORT STOPKEY | | 5 | 180 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 || 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 87310 | 3069K| 7 (0)| 00:00:01 || 4 | INDEX FULL SCAN | T_IDX | 5 | | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

1 - filter("from$_subquery$_003"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=5)2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "OWNER","OBJECT_NAME")<=5)

Code Listing 1: Simple SELECT query with FETCH FIRST

SQL> select owner, object_name, object_id 2 from t 3 order by owner, object_name 4 OFFSET 5 ROWS FETCH NEXT 5 ROWS ONLY;…—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 5 | 1450 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 1 | VIEW | | 5 | 1450 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 ||* 2 | WINDOW NOSORT STOPKEY | | 5 | 180 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 || 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 87310 | 3069K| 7 (0)| 00:00:01 || 4 | INDEX FULL SCAN | T_IDX | 5 | | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Predicate Information (identified by operation id):———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

1 - filter("from$_subquery$_003"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=CASE WHEN (5>=0) THEN 5 ELSE 0 END +5 AND "from$_subquery$_003"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber">5)2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "OWNER","OBJECT_NAME")<=CASE WHEN (5>=0) THEN 5 ELSE 0 END +5)

Code Listing 2: Simple SELECT query with OFFSET FETCH

Tom Kyte is a database evangelist in Oracle’s Server Technologies division and has worked for Oracle since 1993. He is the author of Expert

Oracle Database Architecture (Apress, 2005, 2010) and Effective Oracle by Design (Oracle Press, 2003), among other books.

SO13_asktom.indd 64 7/31/13 2:21 PM

65In the FIeld By Michelle Malcher

oracle magazIne SepteMBer/OctOBer 2013

Oracle Database 12c, the much- anticipated new release of Oracle

Database, is now available, and it comes with the first major database structure change since Oracle8i Database. There are so many new features for consolidating, managing, and securing database environ-ments that everyone must be planning the upgrades already, right?

How do I know? Members of the Independent Oracle Users Group (IOUG) were involved in beta testing upgrades to Oracle Database 12c. Armed with earlier releases of Oracle Database, several of our members went to Oracle’s Redwood Shores, California, headquarters to test upgrades for their environments. Oracle Database 12c features were tested, including the new Oracle Multitenant option. Based on the results, I am already planning to upgrade to Oracle Database 12c.

The cost and work involved in a database upgrade are always a major consideration, but Oracle Database 12c includes features that can save time and cut costs. Here are some Oracle Database 12c features that save time and the cost of that time.

Any DBA who has had to create a small “one-off” database instance because of a different maintenance window, application availability, or a security concern can take advantage of the new Oracle multitenant architecture. It allows for separate secu-rity and can be composed of one or more schemas and applications while using the multitenant container database for the system resources. One multitenant con-tainer database can support several plug-gable databases, which makes it easier to manage and consolidate many databases. I immediately thought of security-patching critical patch updates and patch set updates, and for those of us used to creating a new ORACLE_HOME and migrating the

whole database instance over, this is almost the same concept. A new multitenant con-tainer database can be created and patched, and then each of the pluggable databases can be migrated over with a simple unplug and plug into the new container.

This is probably not exactly what Oracle was thinking when developing the concept for consolidating databases, but if patching and maintenance windows are an issue in your environment and are the reason you have several instances created on a server, the multitenant container database and plug-gable databases lay the foundation for an excellent business case to upgrade to Oracle Database 12c. Also, think about the manage-ability aspect of maintaining one container database instead of several small instances.

Security is another reason to start plan-ning an Oracle Database 12c upgrade. Oracle Database 12c is packed with several new and enhanced security features. A great new security feature is privilege analysis, which allows DBAs to get to the bottom of what permissions are really needed and used. How much time is that going to save in audit reports and managing the security for least privilege?

Redaction is another security feature that is easy to implement and probably will save a lot of time previously spent having to mask data in different environments or code solu-tions to hide private data and information.

Setting up a comprehensive redaction policy for users, applications, and environments can further protect sensitive data.

Hopefully you can start to see valuable reasons to think about upgrading to Oracle Database 12c. It is always difficult to balance the cost of moving to a new release with the potential savings in resources, manage-ment, and efficiencies of processes. Looking at environments that can be consolidated and secured to simplify auditing is a good place to start.

IOUG is here to help back you up, too. With members of the IOUG community already understanding the details about new Oracle Database 12c features and having had the opportunity to experience the upgrade process, you have a resource to help make this planning less challenging. Be on the lookout for articles and webinars from IOUG at its website (ioug.org).

JOIN IOUG ioug.orgLEARN more about Oracle Database 12coracle.com/databaseREAD more Malcher Oracle Database Administration for Microsoft SQL Server DBAsamzn.to/18lhS9V

NExt StEpS

Michelle Malcher (michelle_malcher@ioug .org) is president of IOUG. She is an Oracle ACE Director with more than 15 years of experience in database development, security, design, and administration. Malcher is the author of Oracle Database Administration for Microsoft SQL Server DBAs (Oracle Press, 2010) and a coauthor of Oracle Database 11g: A Beginner’s Guide (Oracle Press, 2008). She has written articles for IOUG’s SELECT Journal and given many presentations on database topics to Oracle user group communities.

time to UpgradeNew features in Oracle Database 12c make upgrade evaluations easy.

Members of the Independent Oracle Users Group (IOUG) were involved in beta testing upgrades to Oracle Database 12c.

SO13_IntheField.indd 65 7/31/13 1:55 PM

66

September/october 2013 Oracle.cOm/Oraclemagazine

analyst’s cOrner by DAVID bAUm

Oracle Magazine spoke with Carl Olofson, research vice president of

application development and deployment at International Data Corporation (IDC), about the latest innovations in database management technology.Oracle Magazine: What are the key capabili-ties organizations look for in an enterprise database?Olofson: Availability, scalability, manage-ability, and performance are always impor-tant, but what really differentiates today’s database products is simplicity of manage-ment. Any features that make it easier for database administrators to do their jobs in less time with less complexity are extremely important. Today’s data centers often host hundreds of applications, each with a data-base and storage array, so you want to reduce the number of systems and the amount of storage you have to manage. Every routine task is an opportunity to make a mistake. Automation and simplicity are essential.Oracle Magazine: How are software vendors reducing complexity for database operations?Olofson: One way is with cloud computing environments. These environments have three salient characteristics: elastic scal-ability, which lets you expand and contract databases at will; virtualization, so that you can move resources around in a fairly transparent way, such as from one server to another; and multitenancy, in which data-base servers can dynamically host multiple virtual database instances.

Private clouds let you manage your data center to obtain much higher utilization rates than you would with a traditional data center environment, where every database generally has its own server and storage envi-

ronment. In those traditional cases, you have to allocate server resources to handle peak performance over the life of those servers, typically three to five years. If you have the flexibility to move computers and databases around so that you can pack them together or break them apart as needed, you can achieve utilization rates of 80 or 90 percent throughout the depreciation cycle. You get much more value for your hardware when you use this kind of cloud capability.Oracle Magazine: How is multitenancy addressed at the database level?Olofson: It isn’t very effective to combine multiple databases at the operating system level. The hypervisor doesn’t know what the database is doing and the database doesn’t know that it’s sharing resources with other databases or other processes, which leads to resource collisions. It is very tricky to obtain decent performance on a consistent basis.

If the database is aware of the fact that it’s in an environment with other databases, then it can streamline the internal allocation of resources, including the way it handles database connections, the way storage is provisioned, and so forth. Oracle Magazine: What is the state of data-base as a service [DBaaS], and how is this market evolving?Olofson: We’re starting to see some DBaaS offerings on the public cloud. DBaaS is also useful for private clouds because most com-

panies already have chargeback models for the resources that they offer to their users. This gives them a fairly straightforward way to associate database usage with the actual cost to the enterprise. They can offer fair pro-visions based on the actual resources con-sumed, whether it’s installed on big servers or small ones. That’s the essence of the DBaaS concept. You pay for what you use. Oracle Magazine: How is the information explosion affecting database design, deploy-ment, and performance?Olofson: Many data warehouses are growing rapidly because we are putting more data into them than ever, and often bringing it in from other sources. You need a database that can support those characteristics—that can grow and shrink easily. In addition, since intensive query activities are usually focused on new data, it’s useful to have a database that automatically keeps frequently accessed data in memory—or in some near-line storage like flash—and less frequently accessed data on disk.

READ more about Oracle Database 12coracle.com/us/products/database/overview

DOWNLOAD Oracle Database 12cbit.ly/13sSL1n

NExt StEpS

David Baum (david@dbaumcomm.com) is a freelance business writer based in Santa Barbara, California.

IDC (idc.com) is a global provider of market intelligence, advisory services, and events for the information technology, telecommunications, and consumer technology markets.

Deploy and Manage Database CloudsOrganizations look for multitenancy and management simplicity as they ramp up database-as-a-service deployments.

“ that’s the essence of the DBaaS concept. You pay for what you use.”

SO13_Analyst.indd 66 7/31/13 2:03 PM

Great minds don’t think alike.

To continue to lead the way in technology and science, we must

develop the next generation of innovators. Steps we take today can

empower young people to develop and test their own ideas and

approach science, technology, engineering, and math not just as

felds of study in school but as ways of understanding our world.

Join the Lawrence Hall of Science in inspiring and preparing kids

from all backgrounds to do science.

lawrencehallofscience.org/brilliant

omg0913p067.indd 1 8/5/13 2:03 PM

68

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2013 ORACLE.COM/ORACLEMAGAZINE

Flashbacks: Culture. Industry. Oracle. Time Capsule BY RICH SCHWERIN

COUR

TESY

OF

THE

PEAB

ODY

COLL

ECTI

ON; L

IBRA

RY O

F CO

NGRE

SS; ©

ORA

CLE

TEAM

USA

/ PH

OTO:

GUI

LAIN

GRE

NIER

; HAR

TMAN

N ST

UDIO

S

FACEBOOK POLL RESULTSWhat is your favorite athletics trophy?20

13

The Wind GodsThis documentary unfolds the 2010 story of the 33rd America’s Cup race, as Oracle CEO Larry Ellison orga-nizes an elite team to sail USA 17 against the defending Swiss team Alinghi, which had held the cup for seven years. In September 2013, ORACLE TEAM USA defends in the America’s Cup Finals.

YOUR TURNNot a sports fan? No problem. Maybe you’re more of a digital games type. If so, what was the earliest computer game you played? Any Pong veterans? Or maybe you dropped a lot of quarters on Pac-Man down at the local arcade? Visit Facebook/OracleMagazine and let us know. bit.ly/orclmagfb

2010BMW ORACLE Racing wins the 33rd America’s Cup with a 2-0 triumph over Swiss defender Alinghi, bringing the cup back to the United States.

BMW ORACLE Racing Wins

Southern Cross“Off the wind on this heading / Lie the Marquesas / We

got eighty feet of the waterline / Nicely making way.” —Stephen Stills, Crosby, Stills & Nash, from the song

“Southern Cross” on the album Daylight Again (Atlantic). The America’s Cup would also soon be sailing south.

After 132 years and 26 challenges, the New York Yacht Club loses the America’s Cup, as Australia II, sporting a boxing kangaroo flag and a winged keel, wins.

Australia II

Queen Victoria watches as a schooner named America passes the Royal Yacht, beating the best the British could offer to win what is now the oldest trophy in international sports competition—affectionately known as the Auld Mug.

1851 There Is No Second, Your Majesty

Sir Thomas Lipton, the Irish/Scottish tea baron, challenges five times for the America’s Cup between 1899 and 1930. While Lipton doesn’t win the Cup, he becomes one of the first to introduce the idea of sports sponsorship. Tea, anyone?

The Lipton Era

1983

FIFA World Cup Trophy 50%Cricket World Cup Trophy 36%Olympic Gold Medal 9%Stanley Cup 1%America’s Cup 1%The Commissioner’s Trophy 1%Other 2%

1899-19301982

SO13_TimeCapsule.indd 68 7/31/13 2:11 PM

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