Stephen N SmithFilter Integrity Limited

Convenor to ISO TC118/SC4/WG1

Overview

• Why the need for Compressed Air standards ?

• Overview of the ISO Committee Structure & Membership

• ISO Standards for the Compressed Air Industry

• Current Work Items• ISO 8573-2 (Approved NWIP)

• ISO 8573-4 (NWIP in draft)

• ISO 8573-7 (NWIP in draft)

• Summary

Why compressed air ?

Some common quotes;

• ’…. is an industrial utility that is generated on-site by the user’ – BCAS

• ’…. is often considered to be the industrial sector’s fourth utility….’ – Plant & Works Engineering Magazine

• ’…. is a vital utility used in countless ways to benefit everyday life….’ CAGI

Diverse Applications

Food & Plastics

Pharmaceutical

Power Tools

Leisure

Medical & Dental Breathing Air

Transportation

To name but a few !

Why Standardisation ?

• Diversity creates complexity

• Complexity leads to confusion

• To prevent confusion a common language is required

• Standardisation brings understanding

Entry into ISO

Manufacturers and Users

Compressors and Purification Equipment

Distribution and End Users

Trade Associations

National

BCAS, VDMA, AGORIA, TLG etc

Regional

Pneurop, CAGI etc

National Standards Bodies

BSI, DIN, ANSI,

JISC etc

AFNOR, KATS, UNMZ,

SAC etc

Representation at ISO

ISO Technical Committee Structure

Compressors and Pneumatic Tools, Machines and Equipment

Process Compressors

Sub Committee 1

Pneumatic Tools and Machines

Sub Committee 3 Sub Committee 4

Working Group 1

Air Compressors and Compressed Air

SystemsSub Committee 6

Scope: Standardization in the field of:

• Air compressors• Compressors for the process, petroleum, chemical and gas industry services;• Pneumatic tools and machines;• Compressed air purity specification and compressed air treatment equipment.

Participating or Observing Members

United Kingdom Kenya China Romania

Belgium Netherlands Czech Republic Spain

Brazil Sweden Finland Italy

France USA India Poland

Germany Ukraine

Japan

Republic of Korea

P' Members = 11 O' Members = 9

P-members participate actively in the work and have an obligation to vote on all questions submitted to

vote within the technical committee

O-members follow the work as an observer but cannot make any comments about the development process

or vote.

Current Participation

TC118 TC118/SC4 TC118/SC4/WG1

Chairperson Jenny Buck Dan Ryan Stephen Smith

Secretary Ms Lena Fagervall Greg Bordiak Greg Bordiak

H Schuster (GER) A Chalmers (GB) R Hasely (USA) F Djurhuus (Den)

M Loy (GER) S Wise (GB) T Fox (USA)

H Singer (GER) D McMillan (GB)

L Moelter (GER) W Cullen (GB)

W Moelter (GER) I De-Wolf (BEL)

K Prokein (GER) B Vanderstraeten (BEL)

M Schmidt (GER)

International

ISO TC 118/SC4 WG1

Man

agem

ent

Wo

rkin

g G

rou

p

ISO

National Body

BSI

MCE/008/0-/03 Air quality

Stephen Smith

Greg Bordiak

BSI Working Group

Andrew Chalmers (FIL)

David McMillan (Pdh)

David Hunter (PSI)

Simon Wise (Walker)

Wendy Cullen (Walker)

ISO 8573 Series : Compressed Air Purity Specifications and Air Purity Measurement

ISO 12500 Series &ISO 7183 :

Equipment Performance Testing

15 Standards in total

What does Ambient Air Contain ?

• Moisture• 1barA, 50%RH, 20degC = 8.7g/m3

• Particulate (Central London last 12 months Avg)

• PM2.5 20.4µg/m3

• PM10 29.1µg/m3

• Gaseous • ground-level ozone, carbon

monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide to name a few

What Does Compressed Air Contain ?

• Water Vapour and Condensation• Equates to 1.1g/m3 vapour & 7.6g/m3 liquid

• Particulates• Micro Organisms + Compressor Wear + Corrosion

• Oil/Hydrocarbons• Oil Aerosol + Oil Vapour + Ambient Methane

• Others• ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen

dioxide

Classification is the first step towards Control

ISO 8573 Part 1:2010Contaminants and Purity Classes

How is purity specified ?

• ISO 8573 - Pt.1 Air Purity

• ISO 8573 - Pt.2 Oil Aerosol

• ISO 8573 - Pt.3 Humidity

• ISO 8573 - Pt.4 Particulates

• ISO 8573 - Pt.5 Oil Vapour

• ISO 8573 - Pt.6 Gaseous Contaminants

• ISO 8573 - Pt.7 Viable Organisms

• ISO 8573 - Pt.8 Bulk Particulates

• ISO 8573 - Pt.9 Liquid Water

ISO 8573 Series Example ClassificationISO 8573-1 : 2010 [ 2 : 4 : 2]

• Class 2 for Particles• Class 4 for Water• Class 2 for Total Oil

ISO 8573-1 Purity Classification System

• Stated air purity is specific to location in the distribution

system

ISO Purity Classification :- Particulates : Water : Total Oil

Typical compressed air system showing point of generation

Particle Classes

0.1<d≤0.5 0.5<d≤1.0 1.0<d≤5.0

(µm) (µm) (µm)

0Better than the upper

limit of Class 1

Better than the upper

limit of Class 1

Better than the upper

limit of Class 1

1 ≤20,000 ≤400 ≤10

2 ≤400,000 ≤6,000 ≤100

3 - ≤9,0000 ≤1,000

4 - - ≤10,000

5 - - ≤100,000

6

7

X

Part

icle

s/m

³M

ass

Con

cent

rati

on

mg/

m³

Particle Size Range

5 - ≤10mg/m3

>10mg/m3

Class

0 - ≤5mg/m3

Compressed Air to Class 2 for Particles would contain;

0.1 to 0.5µm ≤400,000 Particles

0.5 to 1.0µm ≤6,000 Particles

1.0 to 5.0µm ≤100 Particles

Moisture Classes

Compressed Air to Class 4 for Moisture would contain;

≤+3 °C pdp

Of Water Vapour

Moisture Content

0Better than the upper

limit of Class 1

1 ≤ -70

2 ≤ -40

3 ≤ -20

4 ≤ +3

5 ≤ +7

6 ≤ +10

7 ≤0.5g/m3

8 0.5 ≤5g/m3

9 5 ≤10g/m3

X >10g/m3

Class

Wat

er V

apo

ur

Pre

ssu

re

Dew

po

int

(pd

p -

°C

)

Liq

uid

Wat

er M

ass

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n g

/m³

ºC pdp/mg/m3

Total Oil Classes

Compressed Air to Class 2 for Total Oil would contain;

≤0.1 mg/m³

Of Oil Vapour and Liquid Oil

Total Oil

0Better than the upper

limit of Class 1

1 ≤ 0.01

2 ≤ 0.1

3 ≤ 1.0

4 ≤ 5.0

X > 5.0

mg/m3Class

Tota

l Oil

Co

nte

nt

Oil

Vap

ou

r +

Oil

Aer

oso

l

mg/

m³

Purity Classification

Compressed air Purity Classification shall be stated as follows;

ISO 8573-1:2010 [A:B:C]

In this case the purity class was [2:4:2] for particles, water and total oil

0.1<d≤0.5 0.5<d≤1.0 1.0<d≤5.0

(µm) (µm) (µm)

2 ≤400,000 ≤6,000 ≤100

Particle Size Range

Class

Moisture Content

4 ≤ +3

Class ºC pdp/mg/m3

Total Oil

2 ≤ 0.1

mg/m3Class

!! Without the year the specific document cannot be identified !!

How much contamination have I got ?

ISO 8573 Parts 2 - 9Measurement Methods

Measurement of air purity from point of generation to point of use

How is the purity determined ?

23

• ISO 8573 - Pt.1 Air Purity

• ISO 8573 - Pt.2 Oil Aerosol

• ISO 8573 - Pt.3 Humidity

• ISO 8573 - Pt.4 Particulates

• ISO 8573 - Pt.5 Oil Vapour

• ISO 8573 - Pt.6 Gaseous Contaminants

• ISO 8573 - Pt.7 Viable Organisms

• ISO 8573 - Pt.8 Bulk Particulates

• ISO 8573 - Pt.9 Liquid Water

ISO 8573 Series

24

How is equipment performance determined ?

ISO 12500 Parts 1 – 4 & ISO 7183Equipment Test Methods

Oil Aerosol Removal – Oil Vapour Removal – Particle Removal – Water Removal - Drying

25

ISO 12500 Air Purification Equipment Test Methods

• ISO 12500 - Pt.1 Oil Aerosol Removal Filters

• ISO 12500 - Pt.2 Oil Vapour Removal Filters

• ISO 12500 - Pt.3 Particulate Removal Filters

• ISO 12500 - Pt.4 Water Removal Filters

• ISO 7183 - Compressed Air Drying Equipment

26

ISO TC118/SC4/WG1

Current Status

Full review of all standards undertaken by the WG and priorities identified in 2012/13

Work Identified (Resolutions Carried by SC4 March 2014)

ISO Project Work

• 8573-2 : Oil Aerosols

• 8573-4 : Particles

• 8573-7 : Microbiological Content

(In order of priority)

CAGI/Pneurop Liason Project Work

• ISO 8573-5 : Oil Vapour Measurement

• ISO 12500-2 : Oil Vapour Filters

• ISO 12500-3 : Particle Filters

(NEW WORK ITEM Live – Nov 2014)

ISO 8573-2:2007 Oil Aerosol Method

• Method A – Coalescing Filters

• 2 Filters in series

• Mass collected over time

• Concentration calculated on total air volume sampled

• Method B – Membrane

• Full or partial flow sampling

• Isokinetic for partial flow

• Oil is extracted from a membrane

• FT-IR analysis determines mass

• Concentration calculated on total air volume sampled

ISO 8573-2:2007 Oil Aerosol Measurement

• Montreal Protocol (1987) on substances that deplete the ozone layer (CFC’s, HCFC’s)

• Kyoto Protocol (1997) to reduce ‘greenhouse gas’ emissions (HFC’s)

• European Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 list of controlled substances

• EU Regulation 291/2011 bans use of controlled substances for determination of hydrocarbons in air

Impact on Part 2

Coalescing Filters Membrane/ Solvent Wash

• Solvents such as 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) no longer available

• Alternatives such as S-316 are very expensive and single source

• 3 peak analysis of IR Spectra is very expensive or impossible

Extract from ISO 8573-2:2007 Guide for selection of test method

New Method Required !

• Review of techniques by the WG identified 2 strong contenders

1 : Alternative Solvent –Tetrachloroethylene (Tetrachloroethene, Perchloroethylene etc)

2 : Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionisation Detection (GC/FID)

FT-IR spectra of clean TCE

GC/FID Chromatograph of oil sample

FT-IR with Tetrachloroethylene

• Similar to Existing Method

• 2 Peak analysis not 3

• 2 different cell lengths needed for concentration range

• A method developed by Atlas Copco - Belgium

Interference in the 2875cm-1

region !

High Concentrations 1cm pathlengthLow Concentrations 4cm pathlength

Typical FT-IR Traces for Oil Extraction with TCE

1 cm Cuvette4 cm Cuvette

From 2µg/mlto 60µg/ml

From 60µg/mlto 100µg/ml

FT-IR Calibration

Conc. Absorbance Absorbance

µg/g (2955 cm-1) (2925 cm-1)

Standard 1 1.20 0.021 0.036

Standard 2 6.03 0.070 0.128

Standard 3 12.47 0.134 0.246

Standard 4 23.99 0.254 0.468

Standard 5 42.69 0.452 0.815

Standard 6 59.90 0.629 1.088

Slope 0.0105 0.0186

R² 0.9995 0.9974

40 mm cellConc. Absorbance Absorbance

µg/g (2955 cm-1) (2925 cm-1)

Standard 1 59.90 0.161 0.301

Standard 2 66.48 0.176 0.329

Standard 3 74.90 0.199 0.37

Standard 4 85.14 0.227 0.424

Standard 5 99.79 0.265 0.492

Standard 6 119.52 0.318 0.592

Slope 0.0027 0.0050

R² 0.9998 0.9995

10 mm cellFT-IR Response for Atlas Copco Roto-Injection Fluid

𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ′𝐴′ = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼0𝐼𝑛

GC/FID with n-Hexane

• Still uses extraction of oil from a membrane

• Oil analysis between C10 and C40

• A method developed by Institute for Energy and the Environment (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany

Typical Chromatographs – Shell Corena

GC/FID Calibration

GC/FID Response for Shell Corena

Good linearity

Potential to extend

concentration range

Next Step – Meeting 2/10/2014

• WG agreed to perform extensive ‘Round Robin’ tests

• Stage A• 5 Labs

• 1 Oil

• 3 Concentrations

• 3 Repeats

• Completion by E/O November 2014

Sample Type, Qty and Location

Lab GC/FID TCE 2pk

Other 3pk

Other 2pk

Blank

Lab 1 9 9 - - 3

Lab 2 - - 9 - 3

Lab 3 - 9 - 9 3

Lab 4 9 - - - 3

Lab 5 9 - - - 3

Each Lab Sent ‘Dosed’ MembranesMembranes

3off Blank Membranes3off Low Concentration3off Medium Concentration3off High Concentration

Oil Sample

Task is to report linearity of calibration and mass of oil found on membrane

Test is ‘blind’ also

Project Plan

ISO Default 2 year Project

Summary

• Full review of all standards in the series has been completed by the WG

• Work program for WG1 has been identified and prioritised

• ISO 8573-1 NWIP has been balloted and approved by the ISO membership

• FT-IR and GC/FID methods under investigation

• Awaiting ‘Round Robin’ test results

• 2 year plan developed

Thank you - Any Questions ?

Stephen N SmithFiltration SpecialistFilter Integrity Ltdwww.filterintegrity.com