2015 nutrition and repro cn ebook - copy

7/17/2019 2015 Nutrition and Repro CN eBook - Copy

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Tittle in big

Emmanuel Fontaine DVM, MSc, PhD, Dipl ECAR Royal Canin India

Royal Canin Beede Road Sho! lectue

Augu"t #$%&

Introduction

When you are a scientifc communication ocer, one day or another, you will have

to do lectures. I am not complaining here since, in my current position, this is

something I really enjoy! It gives me the opportunity to connect with our clients and

discuss their questions and concerns. No better way to stay in touch with the feld!

When you give lectures so oten, you tend to become perectionist. I now ocus on

many little details I really did not care about when I frst started. In "#$, one I will

particularly pay attention to% providing our attendees with written notes.

It ma&es total sense% our lectures usually contain lots o inormation and, as shownby several studies on human cognitive psychology, we only retain #"' o the

content that was presented.

In the past I was sharing a copy o my slides but more and more, these only display

pictures% no te(t, so hard to remember what the message was, especially when you

review the slides ew days or wee&s ater the event too& place.

)ll my new presentations will now come with lecture notes in an e*boo& ormat.

+ere is the one rom the tal&s I did during a "#$ roadshow in India%

Tittle in big: Food for thought : how you can optimize canine reproductionthanks to nutrition

)s much as I li&e lecturing, I li&e writing even more. I hope this document will be

helpul or you guys, and i you have any commentidea on how to ma&e the content

part o our seminars even better, don-t hesitate to let me &now, I-m always open to

constructive suggestions! ou-ll fnd my contact ino at the end o this e*boo&! /ood

reading then!

0rom ""1 to "## I wor&ed in a clinical center speciali2ed in canine reproduction

called 3453) 6which stands or 73entre d-4tudes et de 5eproduction des

3arnivores89 at the veterinary school o ): ort, near ;aris 60rance9 .

timing o ovulation> inertility9. I spent ? years

there, learning all the 7tric&s8 there was to &now about canine reproduction. )nd

during those ? years, I must admit I rarely touch on nutrition and its connection with


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the reproductive unction. Why@ I am not e(actly sure. When I thin& about it, I guess

it was because I assumed my breeder clients already &new this topic well enoughA

In "##, lie too& an une(pected turn. I moved to 3anada in order to join 5oyal

3anin. I was now wor&ing or a pet ood company.


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Ba&e a loo& at the picture above. What is the frst thing that comes to mind@ Bhis

pug is a little bit overweight, isn-t it@ I am sure you heard that obesityoverweight is

now considered as one o the biggest threat in veterinary medicine. Ceveral studies

indeed pointed out that more than $"' o the pet population is indeed overweight

in occidental countries.


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it helps maintain our body temperature. 7

Hoth answers are correct. +owever, did you &now that at tissue was much more

than this@ It is also an endocrine tissue. It secretes hormones. )nd among them, se(

hormones, li&e the ones mentioned on the slide above.

Bhat could thereore be a problem in breeding animals. 4(cessive at means

e(cessive production o these hormones, which are thereore seen as 7endocrine

disruptors8. Bhis 7parasite secretion8 can modiy the normal unctioning o the

reproductive unction.

In humans, a relationship has been established between certain diseases

6anovulation M inability to ovulate > ;3


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Comething I learnt over the years% when it comes to reproduction, it is all about

balance. When you start using terms li&e 74(cess8 or 7:ac& o8, the reproductive

system is not gonna do well.

Bhose problems we just mention can indeed also be ound in underweight dogsA

)nd when you thin& about it, this is a situation that can arise more requently in

breeding individuals.

Bhere are several reasons to that. 0irst, dogs housed in &ennels have higher energy

needs than their privately owned counterparts * because o higher activity levels

and o the specifcities o the &ennel environment *. Hy the way that-s the reason

why your ;5< diets have diEerent eeding guidelines than their 5etail equivalents.

Foreover they go through highly energy*demanding lie stages. :ater on we are

gonna discuss the role o nutrition during lactation, but frst thing you need to have

in mind is that lactation can literally drain the body reserves o an animal. )nd the

body condition o the animal ater lactation will inOuence when you can breed her

again.

I am oten as&ed what my thoughts are on bac&*to*bac& breeding 6breeding the

bitch on two consecutive heats9. Bo tell you the truth, there are no specifc contra*

indicationsA as long as the bitch gets bac& to her optimal body condition ater the

frst lactation.


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Fore ino on bac&*to*bac& breeding in this blog post %

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsshould*you*do*bac&*to*bac&*

breeding*fnd*out*what*i*thin&*here

5ule o thumb thereore% beore breeding dogs, always ensure they are in optimal

body condition M and this applies to both males and emales.

4ven i this seems obvious, in my e(perience it is oten overloo&ed. )s you

understand now, it can have consequences on the breeding potential o individuals.

Cince you are in charge o the eeding o your dogs, this is an area thereore where

you can defnitely ma&e a diEerence.
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/should-you-do-back-to-back-breeding-find-out-what-i-think-herehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/should-you-do-back-to-back-breeding-find-out-what-i-think-herehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/should-you-do-back-to-back-breeding-find-out-what-i-think-herehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/should-you-do-back-to-back-breeding-find-out-what-i-think-here


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+ow to ma&e sure you stay on the right trac&, you might as&@

0irst, regularly assess your breeding animals- body condition score. I would suggest

doing that roughly on a monthly basis.

ou may be amiliar with the above scale that is used in veterinary medicine. It is

based on the evaluation o the profles o the animal 6and on how e(cesslac& o at

modifes these profles9.


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Bhe other thing you need to ocus on in order to target this optimal body condition

score or your dogs is the way you ration your dogs- ood.

Bhis is also something people tend to overloo&. 4ven eeding 7a little bit too much8

on a daily basis can ultimately lead to overweight.


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Fy tip number then% control the amount o ood you eed your animals on a daily

basis.

)gain, this is something simple that can ma&e a big diEerence on the long run.

)nd again, you are in charge here.


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When breeding dogs, the ultimate goal is to obtain puppies with high genetic

potential. Bhat is the purpose o the genetic selection programs you guys are

involved in, and that-s how you will measure the success the quality o your

genetics.

)nd one o the moments you avoured is when you got confrmation that the

breeding was successul and that the bitch is pregnant. I remember the joy o our

clients when we were showing them the tiny embryos under ultrasounds!

Bhe picture above shows you an ultrasonography picture o a canine embryo,

appro(imately wee&s post*ovulation. Bhis is typically the earlier we can do

ultrasounds to diagnose pregnancy in the bitch. Bo me this is the best way to do a

pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch% more than just telling you that the bitch is

pregnant, it will also give you indications on the vitality o the puppies 6something

crucial to determine what the best ollow*up options are9 and estimate the litter

si2e.

When a bitch is pregnant, it will be important to pay attention to her nutrition. Bhis

can indeed ma&e a huge diEerence.


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/estation length in the bitch is L P # days post*ovulation. I you &now the day o

ovulation in your bitch, you basically &now when she is going to give birth and when

you should get yoursel ready to eventually assist her ! Fore on this here %

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsdetermining*the*due*date*in*

the*bitch*can*we*do*this

+owever, did you &now that puppies will ta&e ?"' o their birth weight only ater

day 1 o gestation@

Bhis data is critical% indeed, ree*eeding the bitches since the beginning o their

pregnancy is one o the most common mista&e we see in the feld. ;eople assume

that since they are pregnant, they need more energy, more proteins, more

everything,A since the beginning o gestation. Which is in act not the case at all !

Bhe daily energy needs o the bitch are not modifed until day 1 o gestation. Gntil

this date, she should be ed a diet with a maintenance energy level.

)ter day 1, the amounts o energy ed should be increased by Q#"'wee& until

parturition. Bhe only e(ception is when you deal with a singleton litter, in whichcase we should never e(ceed maintenance energy needs by Q#"' during the entire

pregnancy.

+ere is a short webcast that will discuss in urther details how to eed a pregnant

bitch% http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogswebinar*nutrition*o*the*

pregnant*bitch*now*online
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/determining-the-due-date-in-the-bitch-can-we-do-thishttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/determining-the-due-date-in-the-bitch-can-we-do-thishttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/webinar-nutrition-of-the-pregnant-bitch-now-onlinehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/webinar-nutrition-of-the-pregnant-bitch-now-onlinehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/determining-the-due-date-in-the-bitch-can-we-do-thishttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/determining-the-due-date-in-the-bitch-can-we-do-thishttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/webinar-nutrition-of-the-pregnant-bitch-now-onlinehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/webinar-nutrition-of-the-pregnant-bitch-now-online


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;roper nutrition o the bitch during pregnancy is important or two reasons.

)s mentioned earlier, energy e(cess leads to at accumulation. I this happens

during pregnancy 6or instance because the bitch was ed with an energy dense diet

since the beginning o the gestation M one o the biggest misconception in this feld9,

e(tra*at will infltrate the musclesA including the myometrium, the muscle part o

the uterus.

Bhis will impair the pattern o uterine contractions at the time o parturition as

depicted on the slide above 6data rom humans, we suspect the same occurs in

dogs9.

Wea&er uterine contractions will lead to diculties to give birth 6what we reer to as

dystocia in veterinary medicine9. Bhis has a direct consequence on puppies- survival

at birth. While in normal parturitions, neonatal mortality rate is usually around #"',

in case o a dystocia, it can go up to 1"' because o prolonged e(pulsion and

subsequent hypo(ia in the newborns !

)lso, to highlight what we mentioned a couple o pages earlier as well, the slideabove shows you that the pattern o uterine contractions is modifed when dealing

with underweight individuals. Fore requent and stronger uterine contractions

which are defned as spastic contractions% the uterus contracts in an uncoordinated

way that also leads to dystocia in the end!

)s you can see, nutrition does have a strong inOuence during gestation !


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Hut that-s not all! 5ight ater birth, puppies have very ew energy reserves. Bheir

activity level is strongly correlated with what they gained during the gestation, via

their mother.

When the mother is properly ed during gestation, puppies will be stronger and

more active, actively loo&ing or the mammary glands to nurse. Bhe way you eed

the bitch during gestation will thereore inOuence the puppies- frst moments o lie.

Bhis is something critical % as you &now, newborn puppies are certainly the mostragile individuals inside your &ennel and you can inOuence their aith well beore

they are even born !

Bhis is something I learnt the hard way when I was still a veterinary student. 0ind

out how I discovered that nutrition during gestation could ma&e a huge diEerence

or newborn puppies in the ollowing blog

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogstrue*story*why*i*had*a*crush*

on*starter
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/true-story-why-i-had-a-crush-on-starterhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/true-story-why-i-had-a-crush-on-starterhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/true-story-why-i-had-a-crush-on-starterhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/true-story-why-i-had-a-crush-on-starter


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Bip no then% transition to an energy*dense diet at day 1 o gestation 6li&e our

Ctarter diets or instance9.

Bhis is also o great importance because energy needs increase, will the stomach

capacity o the bitch decreases in parallel 6it is indeed compressed by the growing

uterus that starts to fll the abdominal cavity9.

I the bitch remains on a maintenance diet, her stomach might not be able toproperly accommodate the higher volume o ood required. I you eed more energy*

dense &ibbles, you will obtain an equivalent amount o energy, but in a smaller

volume.

Which is way more compatible with the situation o the bitch during gestation then.


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I always go by the say 7an ounce o prevention is worth a pound o cure8. Co during

gestation, monitor the weight o your bitch on a wee&ly basis, so you &now you stay

right on trac& in terms o eeding!

+ow can we do that@ Bhe te(tboo&s o canine nutrition tell us that 7a pregnant bitch

should weight #$*$' more than her optimal body weight at the time o

parturition8. I you &now the optimal body weight o your animal, that is enough to

do the maths !

;roblem % you might not be a big an o maths. Hut that-s o&, I am!

I already did the wor&, so chec& the ollowing blog post %

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogswhat*should*be*the*weight*o*

your*pregnant*bitch

ou will fnd more e(planations on the mathematical model that can be used and an

e(cel calculator.
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/what-should-be-the-weight-of-your-pregnant-bitchhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/what-should-be-the-weight-of-your-pregnant-bitchhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/what-should-be-the-weight-of-your-pregnant-bitchhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/what-should-be-the-weight-of-your-pregnant-bitch


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Ba&e a loo& at the picture above% this is what we call a clet palate.

Bhis is rom ar the most common congenital abnormality that is ound in newborn

puppies. )s you can see the palate is not closed, which allows communication

between the oral cavity and the respiratory tract o the newborn.

;uppies presenting cle palates usually appear totally healthy at birth. +owever,

because o the presence o this abnormality, when they nurse, the mil& o theirmother also goes into the respiratory tract. Bhese puppies will oten be seen with

mil& coming out o their nostrils, because o the alse aspiration induced by the clet

palate. )t this young age they cannot cough properly to eliminate this mil&. :iquids

get into the lungs and the airways, avouring the development o a secondary

bronchopneumonia which is oten atal at such a young ageA

Hecause it is the number one abnormality ound in puppies, breeders need to be

&nowledgeable about it. We wrote two blogs on the topic that will tell you

everything you need to &now about it %

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsclet*palates*in*dogs*and*cats*#*acts*breeders*need*to*&now

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsclet*palates*in*dogs*and*cats*

#*acts*breeders*need*to*&now*#

In this e*boo& we will essentially ocus on how nutrition can help here.
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-knowhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-knowhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-know-1http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-know-1http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-knowhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-knowhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-know-1http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cleft-palates-in-dogs-and-cats-21-facts-breeders-need-to-know-1


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Indeed clet palates are also ound in humans.

)nd in our species, prevention during gestation is done via supplementing the

pregnant mother with a vitamin, called olic acid.

0olic acid is indeed essential or the ormation o a structure called the neural tube

during embryogenesis. Bo ma&e it short, normal development o this structure will

lead to a normal palate in the newborn.

In humans, there is an important body o literature suggesting that olic acid

supplementation helps decrease the incidence o clet palates. Bhis

supplementation is even initiated beore conception to ma&e sure olic acid levels

will be optimum during the frst steps o embryogenesis.

3an the same concept apply to our breeding dogs@ :et-s fnd out what we &now on

the topic!


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Bhe slide above comes rom a recent study that was done at the veterinary school

o )lort in "#.

Bhey measured the level o olic acid in breeding bitches * properly ed and in

optimal body condition * at the beginning o their season.

Bhe results are interesting because it shows us that #"' o these bitches had olic

acid concentrations below what is considered to be a normal level. Bhis might bedue to an increase in olic acid needs during the season.


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Fore importantly% there are three studies that have been done that also show that

olic acid supplementation during gestation decreased the incidence o clet palates

in puppies. a diet

supplemented in olic acid 6li&e our +B1Ds9 can defnitely ease the process>

* 5emember that olic acid supplementation will only prevent nutrition*related

clet palates 6which can occur in those #"' o bitches as mentioned on the

previous slide9. Bhere are other reasons we discussed in our blogs that can

cause clet palates, including genetics and inappropriate use o certain drugs

during gestation.


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I am sure you also have heard o the benefts o certain omega atty acids 64;)*

D+)9 or &ids. Bhere is indeed a body o literature on their positive impact on visual

and cognitive development and there are diEerent types o ood that are now

supplemented in these.

;uppies will beneft rom it as well, there have been some scientifc publications on

the topic.

During gestation and lactation, the bitch has limited capacities to produce these

atty acids. I you supplement her with these nutrients during pregnancy, these atty

acids will accumulate in the brain and the eyes o the puppies. )ter birth these

puppies will demonstrate improved visual and cognitive reOe(es in comparison with

puppies whose mothers were not supplemented.


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Bhere is thereore good scientifc ground or my tip no 1% supplement pregnant

bitches with olic acid and 4;)*D+) during gestation.

)s you understood, puppies will greatly beneft rom these supplementations.


22/39

+ave you ever heard o the *+ syndrome@ Bhis is something that can have huge

impact on newborn puppies. Bhe +s stand or % +ypothermia +ypoglycaemia

De+ydration.

;uppies are highly sensible to these three conditions during the frst wee&s o lie%

* +ypothermia% puppies are not able to regulate their body temperature during

the frst three wee&s o lie.


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* "S3 6KLS09 the #stwee& o lie* KS3 6K.1S09 the ndwee& o lie* $S3 6??S09 the rdwee& o lie.

) scale

5ule o thumb% a healthy puppy gains weight on a daily basis. Bhey can eventuallylose up to #"' o their birth weight the day ollowing birth 6very oten this is related

to the e(pulsion o the meconium, the frst stools o the puppies9 but then they

must gain weight.

I you observe a plateau or a weight loss, there might be something wrong and this

will always show up beore you notice any other clinical symptom. In case this

happens, I always recommend frst to start bottle*eeding them. I you see no

improvement ater 1*hours o bottle*eeding, consult your veterinarian. Bhere

might be something else going on 6very oten % a concurrent bacterial inection9.

ou understand the importance o nursing M and indirectly, o mil& quality M duringthe frst wee&s o lie o the puppies.

)nd we mention it earlier% lactation is the most energy*demanding lie stage there

is.


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Bhat e(plains you why I pic&ed the picture above% at her pic& o lactation 6which

usually occurs wee&s ater parturition9, a "*&g bitch daily energy needs will be

equal as what she would require to run L"&ms a day. +uge !

ou now better understand the reason behind our tip no $% ree*eed the bitch with

an energy*dense diet 6again li&e Ctarter9 during our lactation.

I you remember the frst pages o this e*boo&, you got that I am no big an o ree*eeding in &ennels.

+owever, this is the only situation where we would do such recommendation. )gain

because o the huge increase in energy related to lactation!


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Hacterial contamination can occur in newborn puppies via the mother, and one o

the major route o transmission is eventually the mil&. Fammary gland health is

indeed something to monitor closely in lactating bitches. Fastitis is indeed a

complication that can always happen.

0rom a clinical standpoint, mastitis oten means red, hot and painul mammary

gland6s9. )bdominal mammary glands, which produce more mil&, are oten the ones

that are aEected. It is thereore recommended to palpate and e(amine themammary glands daily. Fil& secretion should be chec&ed as well since in cases o

mastitis it is oten modifed and will present a brownish to red color. Bhis is

important to chec& since sometimes, only color modifcation will be observed.

Hitches suEering rom mastitis may not allow puppies to nurse, or even be hyper

thermic in acute cases.

We could have a tal& only on mastitis in bitches but here are some &ey points or

preventing their occurrence%

* Daily monitoring as mentioned above* 3utting the nails o the puppies as they grow, since these can oten irritate

the mammary glands and thereore avour the penetration o germs in the

mammary gland parenchyma.* In case you notice mammary gland irritation, you can apply lanolin on them.

:anolin is a yellow wa(y substance secreted by the sebaceous glands o wool*

bearing animals and is requently used in breast*eeding women suEering

rom sore nipples or its s&in*protection properties.


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Bhe best way to regulate the newborn-s glycaemia and fght dehydration is

defnitely through eeding. When they are nursing on their mother, newborns will

usually ta&e #*" meals per day. Worst case scenario, i the mother has no mil& or

i the puppies are not properly gaining weight, bottle*eeding will need to be

initiated.

It is usually recommended to give%

* K mealsday 6so # meal every hours9 during the frst wee& o lie* L mealsday during the ndwee&* 1 mealsday during the rdwee&

;ractical thing to remember% newborn puppies cannot deecateurinate by

themselves. Bhis is a reOe( that is usually triggered by the mother lic&ing their

perineal area. I you have to bottle*eed, to prevent constipation rom happening,

you will need to stimulate the perineum o puppies right ater eeding them with

tepid water*moistened gau2e. Bhey should typically deecate ater each meal.

In case you need to act in order to prevent the consequences o dehydration =

hypoglycaemia, as we just mentioned bottle*eeding will defnitely be the frst

option to consider. Bhe position o the puppy is important and should be as shown

on the picture above. Cometimes people want to bottle*eed these newborns li&e we

would do or baby humans. Don-t! Bhis will increase the ris&s o alse aspiration.

)lso use a dedicated bottle )ND nipple. I you use a human one, the mil& Oow might

be too important or tiny newborns and i they drin& too much too ast, again there

is a high ris& o alse aspiration.


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I the puppies are really wea&, ater warming them up o course, tube*eeding can

be considered. Don-t hesitate to as& your veterinarian to show you how to do this. It

is a very simple technique, way less scary than one might thin&, that can defnitely

come in handy when dealing with these cases. +ere is a lin& to a great ou tube

video that can give you some ideas as well http%youtu.beTbU1m&J#;c.

Comething critical as well% always use a dedicated canine mil& replacer. When I

arrived in 3anada ew years ago I attended to a seminar on canine neonatology andthe spea&er was telling us that puppies 7don-t thrive when ed mil& replacers8. I was

defnitely surprised since this was really ar away rom the e(perience I had in

practice.

0requently also, I hearread about the act that 7goat mil& is the best alternative or

newborn puppies.8 Bhat might have been the case in the past, maybe, but we have

now a whole body o scientifc literature showing that goat mil& is way diEerent than

the canine one. I wrote a blog post on the topic a couple o years ago, don-t hesitate

to reer to it http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsmyth*busters*

why*goat*mil&*is*no*more*a*valuable*alternative.

Bhis is a topic I discussed a lot on my blog so do not hesitate to read the ollowing

posts that will provide you with more elements%

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsneonatology*why*i*don*t*see*

breast*eeding*puppies*and*&ittens*as
http://youtu.be/JbX4mk291Pchttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/myth-busters-why-goat-milk-is-no-more-a-valuable-alternativehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/myth-busters-why-goat-milk-is-no-more-a-valuable-alternativehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-ashttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-ashttp://youtu.be/JbX4mk291Pchttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/myth-busters-why-goat-milk-is-no-more-a-valuable-alternativehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/myth-busters-why-goat-milk-is-no-more-a-valuable-alternativehttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-ashttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-as


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http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsneonatology*why*i*don*t*see*

breast*eeding*puppies*and*&ittens*#

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogswhite*stools*in*newborn*

&ittens*puppies*what*does*it*mean

When you breed dogs, you need to be prepared or the worse.

5emember that bitches out o will give birth in the middle o the night 6in my

personal e(perience, very oten between # and am !9.

ou need to be prepared in case the bitch has no mil&, which is or sure unortunate,

but which is a situation you are defnitely predisposed to ace.

Bip no L% Reep a dedicated mil& replacer on hand. 4specially when you &now one o

your bitch is about to give birth.

Hetter sae than sorry!
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-1http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-1http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/white-stools-in-newborn-kittens-puppies-what-does-it-meanhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/white-stools-in-newborn-kittens-puppies-what-does-it-meanhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-1http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/neonatology-why-i-don-t-see-breast-feeding-puppies-and-kittens-1http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/white-stools-in-newborn-kittens-puppies-what-does-it-meanhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/white-stools-in-newborn-kittens-puppies-what-does-it-mean


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Inertility and neonatal mortality are certainly important challenges dog breeders

have to ace.

In my e(perience however, the most requent one I see M and rom ar ! * is diarrhea

in puppies. Bo tell you the truth there is no one wee& that goes by without me being

consulted on the topic.

Very oten this diarrhea happens at the time o weaning, generally between and Kwee&s o age. Bhis is somehow not surprising. )t the time o weaning indeed,

puppies are under a lot o stress%

* Bhey are transitioning rom mil& to solid ood% the morphology o their

digestive tract is changing, they are going through changes in terms o

digestive en2ymes. Bheir digestive system is defnitely more ragile.

* Bhis period oten corresponds to the waning oE o the maternal immunity

they acquired at birth. We reer to it as the immunity gap. ;uppies are

thereore more sensitive to inectious diseases. )nd many o them act at the

digestive level % /iardia, 3occidia, 3ryptosporidium,A

)ltogether these puppies are more ragile. )nything that impact the digestive tract

around this time can thereore have severe consequences. 3ertain breeds also tend

to show a higher sensitivity, li&e /erman Chepherds.


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;uppy diarrhoea is in act a syndrome % clinical signs that are cause by multiple

actors that can unortunately be intertwined.

Bhis is a topic I discuss a lot on my blog, here are lin&s to more resources that will

provide you with lots o tips on how to ace this situation in case you ever have to

ace it %

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsabout*puppies*health*$*things*to*&eep*in*mind*when*weaning*them

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsdigestive*health*in*weaning*

puppies*news*rom*the*feld

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsweaning*puppies*what*stools*

can*tell

http%royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.comproflesblogsgiardia*duodenalis*important*

things*to*&now*about*it
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-themhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-themhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/digestive-health-in-weaning-puppies-news-from-the-fieldhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/digestive-health-in-weaning-puppies-news-from-the-fieldhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/weaning-puppies-what-stools-can-tellhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/weaning-puppies-what-stools-can-tellhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/giardia-duodenalis-important-things-to-know-about-ithttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/giardia-duodenalis-important-things-to-know-about-ithttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-themhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-themhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/digestive-health-in-weaning-puppies-news-from-the-fieldhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/digestive-health-in-weaning-puppies-news-from-the-fieldhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/weaning-puppies-what-stools-can-tellhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/weaning-puppies-what-stools-can-tellhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/giardia-duodenalis-important-things-to-know-about-ithttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/giardia-duodenalis-important-things-to-know-about-it


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5emember we just said that the digestive tract o those puppies is submitted to a

lot o stress since it goes through a lot o changes.

Bhat is why the way you conduct the nutritional weaning FGCB be as smooth as

possible.

+ere are our &ey recommendations%

* Gse a highly digestible diet to ease the digestive process >* Ctart weaning puppies around 1 wee&s o age and move them progressively

rom mil& to solid ood. )t the beginning they should be ed something with

the consistency o a mush.* Weaning must be progressive% conduct it over 1 wee&s.

this can overload the already limited digestive
http://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-themhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-themhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-themhttp://royalcaninbreedersclub.ning.com/profiles/blogs/about-puppies-health-5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-weaning-them


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capacities o the &itten and lead to the occurrence o a diarrhoea o

overconsumption.

Bhis is the reasoning behind tips no ? = K


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ou &now understand how nutrition can ma&e a diEerence or your breeding dogs

and puppies. Bhere is one last point however we need to discuss. Bhese results can

be achieved than&s to good nutrition. )s we said at the beginning, it involves the

inner properties o the diet you select.

)nd also how you are gonna use it.


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Fore inormation on ood storage here

http%royalcaninshelterprogram.ning.comproflesblogsnutrition*in*animal*shelters*

the*importance*o*ood*storage

Bhat leads us to our tip no J.
http://royalcaninshelterprogram.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nutrition-in-animal-shelters-the-importance-of-food-storagehttp://royalcaninshelterprogram.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nutrition-in-animal-shelters-the-importance-of-food-storagehttp://royalcaninshelterprogram.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nutrition-in-animal-shelters-the-importance-of-food-storagehttp://royalcaninshelterprogram.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nutrition-in-animal-shelters-the-importance-of-food-storage


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)lso, don-t let the ood sit in the cages or ages.

Bhe longer it sits in there, the higher the ris& it gets contaminated by bacteria, dust,

etc. , that could avour the development o gastro*intestinal disorders.

Bhe longer it is e(posed to air, the rancier it will get.

5ule o thumb%

X what remains o dry ood should always be discarded 1 hours ater being

distributed.

X what remains o canned rehydrated ood should be discarded a couple o hours

ater being distributed.

Bhat-s tip no #" %


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I just wal&ed you through how nutrition can be used to optimi2e the reproductive

perormances o your breeding dogs. We also had the opportunity to discuss ew o

the challenges canine breeders have to ace.

/ood news%

-

Nutrition can help in addressing those>- ou are in charge% you can ma&e a diEerence or your pets.

I see nutrition as a tool and today we do have great diets that are designed to ace

those challenges we previously mentioned. Bhe way you will use them will be

critical, because again, this is how you will ma&e the biggest diEerence. )nd this is

how you will turn something 7good8 in something 7awesome8.

I you reached this fnal page, I guess it is also because you want to learn as much

as possible. Co you &now what you can do to overcome those challenges you could

potentially ace. Co you can do whatever is possible to oEer the healthiest lie to

your animals. We learn as we go. )ter acing dicult situations, we learn evenmore. Co please, never stop doing this% the more &nowledgeable you are, the

healthier your pets !

)nd in my opinion, the uture is bright. Fany scientifc teams across the world are

wor&ing on canine reproduction and other aspects o canine veterinary medicine.

Fore and more options will become available in the uture. Fore and more options

that will help us better ace those aorementioned challenges


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Which leads us to my fnal advice% i you read this all, it is because you are

passionate.

;assionate about dog breeding, passionate about your animals. Bhat what dog

breeding is all about right @

;assion can move mountains. ;assion can ma&e you accomplish things you would

never believe.

In a world where so many people loo& or answers, that will be my fnal advice % stay

passionate.

Hecause as long as you are, you-ll always fnd strength to overcome any o these

challenges.


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