05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 1

Nature & Society:Crisis of Climate Change

& Working towards Eco-Justice v3

Dr. Rey Ty

Workshop•What kind of an “environmentalist” are you?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 2

Causes of

Climate Change

Impact Solution

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 3

Outline

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 4

Causes of Climate Change

ImpactEco-Justice as Solution

Objectives

Ministry with the Poor in an Era of Climate Change

• “God’s creation is in crisis. We, the bishops of The United Methodist Church, cannot remain silent while God’s people and God’s planet suffer.”

In “God’s Renewed Creation: Call to Hope and Action” (2009, p. 1).05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 5http://www.umcmission.org/find-resources/new-world-outlook-magazine/2016/may/june/0621eraofclimatechange

Theological Foundation• Climate Change “is a global problem

with grave implications: environmental, social, economic, political and for the distribution of goods … Its worst impact will probably be felt by developing countries in coming decades.”

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 6

Encyclical Letter of Pope Francis “On Care for Our Common Home,” (Laudato Si’), May 24, 2015, Para. 25

Paradigm Shift•Talk about Nature•Not “Environment”•Why? Difference?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 7

Nature1.Bahasa

Indonesia2.Chinese3.Filipino

1.Alam2.自然界3.Kalikasan

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 8

Environment1.Bahasa

Indonesia2.Chinese3.Filipino

1.Lingkungan Hidup2.環境

3.Kapaligiran05/02/2023 Rey Ty 9

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 10

https://www.facebook.com/equiterre/photos/a.134105659934366.24017.117926081552324/1230616480283273/?type=3&theater

“Environment” vs. “Nature”

自然界環境Integrity of Nature

Human-Centered Life-Centered

Deep Ecology: Cosmos as a whole

© 2012 Rey Ty

Human Beings

Contradictions & Dialectical Historical Development in Time & Space

Necessity, Oppressive Consciousness & Structure

Economy

Polit

icsCulture

Ideo

logy

Freedom, Liberating Consciousness & Agency

Class

Gender

Colo

rAbilities

Soci

ety N

aturePhilo

Ethics

Difference

Uniq

uene

ss

Age

Psych

12

3

Ethnicity

Centrifugal Forces

Centripetal Forces

© 2010 Rey Ty

Past Future

Present

© 2012 Rey Ty

Climate Change Performance Index

(CCPI)http://c1cleantechnicacom.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/files/2015/12/CCPI-2016-Map-Overall_Results-World.jpg

Question•WORKSHOP: Identify one major problem affecting Nature & Society?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 13

© 2012 Rey Ty

Nature & Society Issues1. Climate Change2. Ozone Depletion3. Small Islands4. Forest5. Desertification6. Biodiversity7. Pollution8. Overfishing

9. Weather10. Water 11. Natural Resources12. Energy13. Nuclear Safety14. Energy15. Marine Environment

© 2012 Rey Ty

All Rs and More1. Refuse2. Reduce3. Reuse4. Recycle 5. Rot

6. Repurpose7. Rethink8. Render useful9. What else?

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http://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 24

The San Blas archipelago in Panama, 2002 and 2014

http://usuncut.com/climate/10-terrifying-before-and-after-photos-will-silence-global-warming-deniers/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 25

Arctic ice, 1980 and 2012

http://usuncut.com/climate/10-terrifying-before-and-after-photos-will-silence-global-warming-deniers/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 26

The Enterprise Bridge passes over a section of Lake Oroville , California in 2011 (left) and 2014 (right) in Oroville, California, which is experiencing “exceptional” drought.

http://usuncut.com/climate/10-terrifying-before-and-after-photos-will-silence-global-warming-deniers/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 27

Bleaching of the Great Barrief Reef, 2002 and 2014

http://usuncut.com/climate/10-terrifying-before-and-after-photos-will-silence-global-warming-deniers/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 28

Aral Sea, 1989 and 2014

http://usuncut.com/climate/10-terrifying-before-and-after-photos-will-silence-global-warming-deniers/

 Kazakhstan (Aktobe and Kyzylorda Regions) in the north and Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan autonomous region) in the south

Nature• 3,272,045 Forest loss this year (hectares)• 4,405,061 Land lost to soil erosion this year

(ha)• 23,490,230,999 CO2 emissions this year

(tons)• 7,550,136 Desertification this year (hectares)• 6,161,151 tons Toxic chemicals released • in the environment this year

http://www.worldometers.info/

climate change?05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 30

What is

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 31

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 32

https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/see-earth-temperature-spiral

Climate Change in 1 Slide The mercury does not lie: we have hit a troubling climate

change milestone. (Boston Globe, March

5, 2016)http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/03/04/why-degree-temperature-jump-more-important-than-trump-hands/lCyz5MHZkH8aD0HIDJrcYJ/story.html?event=event25

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 33

Climate Change 1850 - 2100

http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/07/04/what-would-a-global-warming-increase-of-1-5-degrees-be-like/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 34

https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/climate-change-explained-10-cartoons?utm_source=email-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=General

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 35

Climate Change

• The Paris climate conference (Dec 2015) pledged to keep warming “well below 2 degrees Celsius” & to “pursue efforts” to limit it to 1.5 C.

U.N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-key-points

http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/12/12/paris-deal-sets-path-to-limit-warming-to-15-c.html

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 36

Climate Change• The mercury doesn’t lie: We’ve hit a

troubling climate change milestone• Across the northern hemisphere, the

temperature, if only for a few hours, apparently crossed a line: it was more than two degrees Celsius above “normal” for the first time in recorded history and likely for the first time in the course of human civilization.

Bill McKibben, Boston Globe, March 5, 2016

http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/03/04/why-degree-temperature-jump-more-important-than-trump-hands/lCyz5MHZkH8aD0HIDJrcYJ/story.html?event=event25

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 37

The 1.5C passage from the Paris agreement.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-key-points

Climate Change

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 38

Curbing Warming by 1.5 Degrees

Prevent formation of

ice-free Arctic in summer

Save the Amazon

rainforest

Prevent Siberian tundra

from melting (releasing methane)

Save coastal areas & islands

from permanent

flooding

http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/07/04/what-would-a-global-warming-increase-of-1-5-degrees-be-like/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 39

•  Feeding Climate Change: Oxfam says companies must make drastic emissions cuts.

•Or else, Paris Agreement’s goals of “net-zero” emissions by the middle of the century & limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius will not be met.

Food Carbon Footprints

https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2016-06-27/just-five-food-commodities-produce-more-greenhouse-gases-any

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 40

http://www.vox.com/2016/8/18/12520344/climate-change-goals-reality-one-chart

The ludicrous gulf between our

climate change goals and reality,

in one chart.Updated by David Roberts on August 18, 2016

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 41

ImpactPollution Health Coastal Areas Biodiversity Agriculture Water Forests

Problem: Climate Change

Economic GlobalizationIndustry Agriculture Transportation Consumers

Greenhouse GasesPetroleum Coal Natural Gas (+ Nuclear)

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 42

Threats to Drinking Water1. Agriculture2. Fossil fuel production3. Sewage4. Pharmaceuticals5. Land Use Change (“Development”)6. Climate Change

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 43

https://thinkprogress.org/6-human-activities-that-pose-the-biggest-threat-to-the-worlds-drinking-water-7e7a2d881cbe#.r0s3l43x6

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 44

http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/08/ranking-world%E2%80%99s-most-water-stressed-countries-2040

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 45Access to Water

Consumer Food• 14.5% of greenhouses gases come

from farming (meat & dairy)• That’s more than all the vehicles,

trucks, planes, ships, & trains on Earth

• If continued, emissions could rise to 73% by 2050

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 46https://www.facebook.com/theguardian/videos/10153458263351323/

Consumer

Food05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 47

https://www.facebook.com/MarchAgainstMonstanto/photos/a.566016720083519.1073741828.566004240084767/1236663393018845/?type=3&theater

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 48http://www.propane.ca/en/about-propane/environmental-benefits

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 49

Global Crisis• Every hour…1. 3.7 million barrels of oil are extracted from

the Earth2. 932,000 tons of coal are removed from Earth3. 395 million cubic meters of natural gas are

removed from Earth4. 4.1 million tons of carbon dioxide are put

into the Earth’s atmosphere5. 9,300 more people inhabit the Earth

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 50http://www.globalresearch.ca/as-climate-disruption-advances-un-warns-the-future-is-happening-now/5523661

http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/35860-as-climate-disruption-advances-un-warns-the-future-is-happening-now

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 51

The Global Security Defense Index on Climate Change

Military Perspectives on Climate Change From Around the World

http://www.americansecurityproject.org/climate-energy-and-security/climate-change/gsdicc/

Problem•“Profiting from death, devastation , and destruction is the norm.”

• By Colin Todhunter, June 05, 201605/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 52

http://www.globalresearch.ca/on-world-environment-day-profiting-from-death-devastation-and-destruction-is-the-norm/5529090

Global Crisis•United Nations: Global Destruction of Nature on Fast Track

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 53http://www.globalresearch.ca/global-destruction-of-mother-earth-on-fast-track-un-assessment/5526380

Crisis• U.N. on Asia Pacific (2016): “Increasing

unsustainable consumption patterns have led to worsening air pollution, water scarcity and waste generation, threatening human and environmental health. Increased demand for fossil fuels and natural resources – extensive agriculture, palm oil and rubber plantations, aquaculture and the illegal trade in wildlife – are causing environmental degradation and biodiversity loss.”05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 54

http://www.globalresearch.ca/global-destruction-of-mother-earth-on-fast-track-un-assessment/5526380

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 55

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 56

Climate Change Vulnerability

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 57

Climate Change

Performance Index

Contradictions1. Tension between

economic forces of production &• the conditions

of nature

2. Tension between

production &

• biological & social reproduction

3. Tension between the 1 %

&

• The 99%

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 58

https://www.dhushara.com/book/renewal/voices2/recol.htm

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 59

Contradictions• Globalized

corporate entities fund lobbyists to claim that climate change is a hoax.

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 60

Conservative Funders of Climate Denial Are Quietly Spending Millions To Generate More Partisan Journalism

https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/06/16/conservative-funders-climate-denial-are-quietly-spending-millions-create-more-partisan-journalism

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 61

Contradictions•There is a tension between economic globalization and Nature.

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 62

Contradictions• Global North (20%)

account for 90% of yearly greenhouse gas emissions over the past 100 years through fossil fuel burning (coal, oil, gas)

http://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 63

TNCs move to South to avoid strict

environmental laws

With free trade, gov’ts can’t impose environmental laws

Southern rainforests destroyed for exotic

wood for N

& beef for Northern hamburgers

Economic Globalization

https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 64

Climate Change Encompasses

Ecological Social Economic

Political Ethicalhttps://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 65

Heatwaves, Droughts, Floods, Rising Sea LevelsExtreme Temperatures

Climate ChangeWarming

Greenhouse Gases (GHG)Energy, Industry, Transportation, Agriculture, Homes

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 66

Five Common Foods Produce More Greenhouse Gas Emissions Than Nearly All Countries

Rice, soy, corn, wheat, & palm oil

https://www.oxfamamerica.org/press/just-five-food-commodities-produce-more-greenhouse-gases-than-any-country-except-emissions-giants-china-and-the-us/

Except China & the U.S.A.Big Corporate Agri-Business & GMO Biotech “Seeds of Destruction”

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 67

Greenhouse GasesRice Soy Corn Palm

Oil Wheat

Sugar cane Potatoes Banana Coconut Bananas

Tomatoes Citrus fruits Coffee Tea Pine-

apples

Apples Straw-berries

https://policy-practice.oxfamamerica.org/work/climate-change/food-commodity-footprints/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 68

This global map shows the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere

http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/new-nasa-satellite-maps-show-human-fingerprint-on-global-air-quality/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 69https://lance.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/firemaps/firemap.2010061-2010070.4096x2048.jpg

NASA’s Fire Map

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 70

Food Carbon Footprints• Greenhouse gases produced by each commodity

577,404,570,000 m3-equivalents 92 Billion m3-equivalents

15 Billion m3-equivalents418 Billion m3-equivalents

145 Billion m3-equivalents

11.9 Billion m3-

equivalents

https://policy-practice.oxfamamerica.org/work/climate-change/food-commodity-footprints/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 71

• Latest global temperature data by NASA: April was

1.11°C above 1951-1980 average, warmest April ever by 0.24˘C.

Crisis of Climate Change

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/hottest-april-2016-nasa_us_57394f3ae4b060aa781aa334

April 2016 was the hottest April in recorded history.

Global Crisis•Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Has Passed the Point of No Return

• By Dahr Jamail, Global Research, May 27, 2016, Truthout 23 May 2016

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 72http://www.globalresearch.ca/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-concentration-has-passed-the-point-of-no-return/5527497

http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36133-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-concentration-has-passed-the-point-of-no-return

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 73

• Rising Sea Levels Swallow 5 Pacific IslandsCrisis of Climate Change

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/solomon-islands-swallowed-climate-change_us_5730f200e4b0bc9cb047b77b?slideshow=true

Crisis• Globalization

benefits the 1%

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 74

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 75

62 persons 7.2 billion own same

wealth as ½ of the world

https://moblog.wiredwings.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/tumblr_lft4ivgT5h1qznaf9o1_500.jpg

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 76

Few rich benefit from exploiting the environment which cause destruction of Nature & the suffering of the majority.

Crisis

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 77

The Problem lies with globalized corporations & agri-business which control resources, influence governments, exploit cheap labor, & destroy nature.

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 78

Philosophical

Economic

Political

Cultural

Social

Nature

Structural Problems

Structural Problems

Economic Globalization, economic growth model, consumerism

Political Governments support globalization

Gender Patriarchal structure of domination

Nature Mining, Deforestation, agri-business: Destroy Nature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 79

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 80

Causes of Climate Change1. Human Activities

2. Industrial & Agri-Business Production Lead to Emitting Carbon Dioxide to Nature

3. Excessive Greenhouse Gases

4. Increased Global Temperature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 81

Neoliberal Globalization

Neoliberal Globalization

LiberalizationDeregulation Privatization

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 82

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 83

Problem• Scapegoating migrant

labor • “Economic and trade

policies have been a major contributor to their plight.”

http://www.progressive.org/news/2016/07/188830/global-trade-whats-good-progressive-do

Problem•Climate Change is Behind the Surge of Migrants to Europe (Time Magazine, Sept. 7, 2015)

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 84

http://time.com/4024210/climate-change-migrants/?xid=fbshare

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 85

PROBLEM:Transfer from Global North to South

Industry

Post-Industrial in the North

Industrial in the South

Labor

Unemployment in North

Cheap Labor in South

Pollution

One Atmosphere

Problem with Neoliberal Globalization

Greed & Profit Access to & destroy nature

Export labor & exploit cheap

labor

Consume huge amount of

energy

Waste & pollutionTax shelterAccess to

markets

Mass Poverty & Destruction

of Nature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 86

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 87

•Unemployment in the North & Cheap Labor in the South

Problem with Globalization of Labor

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 88

Methane Gas: Poor suffer most

Problem:

Throwaway Society

Crisis of Overproduction & Overconsumption of

Disposable Commodities

Problem: Commodity Fetishism

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 89

Everything we do have a (high or low) carbon impact.

Alienation

Problem•Greed & profit at the expense of people and nature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 90

Problem• ”Humans Are The Most Destructive

Species On Earth.”• “Our excuse – Cleansing, development

and progress – The irony of it all is we justify our destructive tendencies as intervention and manipulation.”

• By Pratap Antony, April 22, 201605/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 91

http://www.globalresearch.ca/earth-day-2016-humans-are-the-most-destructive-species-on-earth/5521372

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 92

The Worst HitThe Poor in the Poor & Rich Countries

Problems•TNCs, Mining, Agri-Business, Plantations, Land Grabs, Indigenous Peoples, Peasants, & Human Rights Violations

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 93http://www.globalresearch.ca/human-rights-violations-and-land-grabbing-linked-to-global-palm-oil-supply-chains/5523343

http://www.forestpeoples.org/topics/agribusiness/news/2016/05/indigenous-community-and-civil-society-leaders-call-action-human-ri

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 94

ProblemsTNCs Mining Agri-

Business Plantations

Land Grabbing

Indigenous Peoples Peasants

Human Rights

Violations

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 95

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 96

Greed & Profit Competition Exploitation of Nature

Over-production Obsolescence

Advertising & Marketing

Sell!

Problem with the Globalized Economic Growth Model

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 97

Mining Nature

Indigenous Peoples

Pollution

Peasants

Workers New Gadgets

The poor, marginalized, & dispossessed are

always affected.

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 98

Energy Source?

Air Pollution?

Water Quality & Availability?

Land Use Change?

Climate Change?http://www.adb.org/publications/environmental-issues-c

limate-changes-and-energy-security-developing-asia

What are our sources of energy?

Petroleum, Nuclear, Dams,

Geothermal, Biomass,

Sun, Wind , Tides,

Human, Mechanical , Animal, etc.

Carbon Footprint?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 99

Atmospheric CO2 Level May Not Drop Below 400 ppm “Within Our Lifetimes”

in Climate Change — by Yale Environment 360 — June 28, 2016

http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/06/28/atmospheric-co2-level-may-not-drop-below-400-ppm-within-our-lifetimes/

ContradictionsGreed & Profits vs. Nature &

People

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 100

HarmonyCare, Share, Cooperation

People & Nature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 101

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 102

All Are InterconnectedA warm climate

changes:People Agriculture Irrigation

DrinkingSecurityHealth Safety Issues

Environ-mental

Imbalance

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 103

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/22/global-warming-hit-asia-hardest

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 104

http://www.worldmapideas.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/climate-map-global-risk-index-maps-professional-resources-crimaphighres-1.jpg

Climate Change Hits Asia HardestRising carbon

levels

Global warming & heat waves

Ice melting in Himalayas etc.

Rising sea levels

Flood, esp. crowded low

cities & coasts

Decreased agricultural

production & Food Security

Lose HomesFamine

Disease, poor health, deaths05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 105

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/22/global-warming-hit-asia-hardest

http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-57_u-484_t-1319_c-5076/what-are-the-environmental-problems-faced-by-the-region-/qld/sose-geography/asia-pacific-challenges-world-environments/finding-solutions

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 106

http://www.adb.org/publications/environmental-issues-climate-changes-and-energy-security-developing-asia

Threat from Climate Change

Disasters

• Heat waves, droughts, floods, & storms threaten lives

Thirst

• Himalayan glaciers melt too fast

Hunger

• Droughts, floods, & extreme weather destroy farmlands & crops

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 107

http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/campaigns/climate-energy/problems/impacts/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 108

Impact of Climate Change

Sea level rises

Dying forests & melting glaciers

release greenhouse gases

Mangroves, coral reefs, glaciers

threatened

Species extinction & biodiversity loss

Increased extreme weather events

Severe impacts regionally

Flooding in coastal areas

http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/campaigns/climate-energy/problems/impacts/

Cities That Will be Hit First

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 109

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/10/09/map-these-are-the-cities-that-climate-change-will-hit-first/

Global Pollution ProblemWorst

Nor

thea

st A

siaChina

Sout

h As

iaIndia

Sout

heas

t AsiaMany

countries

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 110http://matadornetwork.com/change/6-environmental-challenges-facing-southeast/

Many International Environmental Laws

Still, environmental concerns threaten human security

Governments encourage economic growth

At the expense of nature & sustainability

But make claims of balanced growth05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 111

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 112

Bio-FuelsGovernments

support bio-fuel as a step to reduce

greenhouse gases

Example: Palm oil monoculture

in S.E. Asia

But food prices

increase

DeforestationAnimals lose habitat & die

(e.g. orang utan)

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 113

Dams•Threat to functioning of Mekong River

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 114

Eco-Tourism•Well-intentioned•But cause irreversible impact on people’s livelihoods all over Southeast Asia

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

Issues are Borderless

Greenhouse Gas

Emissions

Rainforest Destruction

Rising Sea Levels

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 115http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 116

http://ejap.org/environmental-issues-in-asia/AirPollution.html

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 117

http://ejap.org/environmental-issues-in-asia/AirPollution.html

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 118

http://ejap.org/environmental-issues-in-asia/AirPollution.html

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 119

Kalimantan HazeThailandPhilippinesSingaporeBruneiMalaysiaIndonesia

Forests & Peat- Land Burning

http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Southeast%20Asian%20haze

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 120

Upper Mekong River

China controls it

Build more dams

Result in mass

relocations

Cause social unrest &

inter-country tensions

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 121

Law vs. Impediments• Several laws were passed

1. Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1985

2. Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in 2002• But there are constraints

1. Non-interference in domestic affairs2. Informality of negotiations3. Non-binding agreements (non-treaties)

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 122

Destruction of Nature• Urban excess; TNCs & Green revolution, Chemical

pesticides & fertilizers; Over fishing; Over use of groundwater; Over exploitation of natural resources; Municipal and industrial waste; Obsolescence Model; Supply-Side Economics

Causes

• Lose biodiversity; Pollution; Soil erosion & degradation; Deforestation; Hazardous Waste; Floods, landslides; Decreased access to clean water; Water-borne diseases; Climate Change

Effects

http://hernadi-key.blogspot.com/2009/02/6-major-environmental-problems-of-asia.html

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 123

Effects• Environmental Racism• The rich have bottled water & air

conditioner• The poor suffer the most from

–Economic and political domination–Environmental damage

AsiaMajor Problems1. Endangered species (elephants)2. Air pollution (worst: palm oil

companies)3. Coral reef destruction4. Deforestation5. Water (Himalayas)6. Increased urbanization

Solutions1. Conservation & nature preserves2. Zero-burn policies3. Reduce carbon footprint; 4. Use recycled wood; buy from companies

committed to zero deforestation5. Prevent deforestation6. Foster sustainable development with

low poverty level to produce less environmental impact

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 124http://matadornetwork.com/change/6-environmental-challenges-facing-southeast/

Shallow Ecology• Human-centered & utilitarian

only• Concerned only with pollution,

resource depletion, and “health & affluence of people in developed countries”

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 125http://www.ecodharma.com/articles-influences-audio/radical-ecology

Eco-Injustice• Flawed Economic, Political, & Security

Models: Rich-Poor Gap, Mal-DevelopmentRoot

Causes•Destruction of NatureProblem

• Greenhouse Gases• Climate changeEffects

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 126

Tasks Ahead

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 128

Agenda to Reduce Greenhouse Gas•To reduce or overcome climate change crisis

Tasks Ahead

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 129

ConsciousnessSocial

Change

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 130By NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council)

Poverty, Hunger, Health, Education, Empowerment, Water, Energy, Economic, Innovation, Equality, Community, Resource, Commitment, Oceans, Eco-System, Social Justice, Global, Our

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 131

Caution!Survival emission

of the poor

Luxury emission of the rich

Need to distinguish between

https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 132

https://www.facebook.com/PopulationMatters/photos/a.294081780665721.68364.120739704666597/1090857797654778/?type=3&theater

“Perceived gains in efficiency are quickly cancelled out by increased use and an ever growing number of consumers.”

Watch Out!

Tasks Ahead•Support slow food, local food, & grow food in pots & in our own backyard

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 133

Tasks Ahead• “…we cannot continue to ignore those

struggling at the forefront of climate change in communities relegated to the political margins. Not only have their environments been impacted by the production and consumption of resources for our industrialized world, but they also represent the leading edge of our own environmental future.05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 134http://www.umcmission.org/find-resources/new-world-outlook-magazine/2016/may/june/0621eraofclimatechange

Solidarity with the Grassroots

Tasks Ahead• “Fortunately, the current

grassroots struggles for climate justice are increasingly spearheaded by the impacted peoples themselves—low income people, people of color, and indigenous peoples.”

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 135http://www.umcmission.org/find-resources/new-world-outlook-magazine/2016/may/june/0621eraofclimatechange

Leadership from the Margins

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 136

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 137

Work towards eco-justice (while the greedy 1% pursue profits only).

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 138

https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/climate-change-explained-10-cartoons?utm_source=email-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=General

Dominant Economic Model•Greed reduces nature into “resources” to be mastered, exploited, controlled, destroyed, & used for profit & “economic growth” 05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 139

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 140

Traditional Security•Cold War•Military power

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 141

Non-Traditional Security

•Human Security

Non-Traditional SecurityClimate Change

Resource Scarcity

Natural Disaster

Trans-national

Crime

Food Security

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 142

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

Not EnoughMarket

Incentives Technological Fixes

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 143

Question•What are some major solutions ?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 144

Tasks AheadEconomic

reforms not enough

Need to transform

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 145

Tasks Ahead

Protecting nature go hand

in hand with economic

justice

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 146

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 147

https://www.facebook.com/telesurenglish/photos/a.492297374247003.1073741828.479681268841947/865259693617434/?type=3&theater

TeleSUR

Bring Power Back to the People

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 148

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 149

Tasks Ahead• Solidarity with

women who reject economic system that abuses…

Women

Nature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 150

Structural Response

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 151http://coub.com/view/4rjre.gifv https://coub.com/view/4rjre

Economic Political

Issues are Borderless

Trans-national

Problems

Multi-lateral Actions

Trans-national & Local

Solutions05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 152

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

Actions

Dialogue Laws

Implementation

Direct Action

Civil Disobedience

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 153

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 154

Main Actors1. Local

environmental groups,

peasants, indigenous

peoples, labor, poor,

oppressed, NGOs

2. GovernmentsInternational organizations:

UN, etc.

Regional organizations: ASEAN, SAARC

Governments in each country

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 155https://www.facebook.com/GlobalPeaceIndex/photos/a.93013399748.82630.92288319748/10154414169094749/?type=3

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 156https://www.facebook.com/CitizensClimateLobby/photos/a.10150653697900808.374709.310925405807/10153655361650808/?type=3&theater

800 citizen lobbyists gather on capital hill to

advocate for climate solutions. This is

democracy in action! #CCL2016 —

at US Capitol Washington, DC

From Eco-Injustice

•To Eco-Justice05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 157

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 158

Mainstream Alternative

Energy

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 159

Eco-Justice• Link together “environmental”

and social justice issues• Link together deep ecology

(Arne Naess, 1972) and social ecology

• Don’t forget social classes!

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 160

Philosophical

Economic

Political

Cultural

Social

Nature

Structural Solutions

Tasks AheadWe need action!

Not just lip service.

Talk is necessary but not sufficient.

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 161

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 162https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/our-land-our-climate-our-future

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 163

Support ending coal mining in our public lands today.

https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/our-land-our-climate-our-future

Tasks Ahead1. End neoliberal

globalization control over Nature & our lives

2. End reliance on carbon-based fossil fuels (coal, oil, & gas)

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 164

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 165

Tasks Ahead• It’s not about trade or no trade.• It’s about who makes laws & who benefits.

http://www.progressive.org/news/2016/07/188830/global-trade-whats-good-progressive-do

ProfitsFor whom?

At whose expense?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 166

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 167

https://twitter.com/DFAaction/status/750396482965024769/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 168

Despite What Media Says, TPP Isn’t About Free Trade — It’s About Protecting Corporate Profits

https://theintercept.com/2016/07/05/despite-what-media-says-tpp-isnt-about-free-trade-its-about-helping-corporations/

Tasks Ahead• “Free trade” without

enough provisions to protect Nature have damaging consequences

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 169

• International Trade

Tasks Ahead•Stop sending pollution from the Global North to the Global South

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 170

• International Pollution

Tasks AheadTransportation• Expand,

Promote, & Use Mass Transit–Train–Bus

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 171

Tasks AheadConsumer Food

•Eat less beef (14x more warming effect than chicken)

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 172

Veggies to Combat Climate Change• Oxford found that

emissions from food production will eat up a whopping 50% of our carbon budget in a few decades

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 173http://www.vox.com/2016/7/7/12106708/impossible-foods-ezra-klein-show?utm_campaign=vox.social&utm_medium=social&utm_content=voxdotcom&utm_source=facebook

Tasks Ahead

Tasks AheadConsumer Food

•Eat less eggs (eggless mayo) & more plant-based food

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 174

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/josh-tetrick-dreamforce_us_55f8b3c4e4b0b48f67013136

Grassroots DemocracyNature & People before Greed &

Profits (Exploitation, War, Inequality,

Poverty)

Sustainable Development &

Economic Democracy: Equity, Equality, Green Jobs

Political Democracy: People’s Participation &

Decision Making, Positive Indigenous Knowledge, Skills &

Values

Cultural Democracy:

Respect Pluralism05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 175

International Solidarity with

Environmental Movement

Democratic & Progressive (including

Religious) Forces

Consumer Movement

Working Class

Always Include Women

The Poor

Indigenous People

People’s Movements

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 176

We Need…Political Will:

Long-term planning

Undoing, Rethinking, &

New Development

Models

Focus on Sustainabilit

y & Conservation

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 177

Tasks Ahead• Flawed Economic, Political, & Security

Models: Rich-Poor Gap, Mal-Development• Destruction of Nature

Expose &

Oppose• Alternative Economic, Political, & Security

Models• Respect of NaturePropose

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 178

Tasks AheadCrisis: Expose & Oppose• Economic Model• Political Model• Traditional Security

Model• Destruction of

Nature

Actors• Grassroots

Organizations• Governments• Regional

Organizations• International

Organizations

Propose Outputs & Outcomes• Alternative Sustainable

Economic, Political, Environmental, & Security Models

• Environmental Laws with Sanctions

• Alternative Lifestyle

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty179

Integrated Justice

Economic

Political

CulturalSocial

Nature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 180

New Structures

Economic

Respect for

NaturePolitical

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 181

• Caring, Sharing, Nature & People over Greed & Profits

• Grassroots Economic, Political, & Cultural Empowerment

CulturalSocial

Social

Transformation From Greed & Profit to Nature & People FirstFrom Exploitation to Mutual BenefitFrom Competition to CooperationFrom Domination to Harmony From the 1% Financial Elite to the 99%From Patriarchy to EcofeminismFrom Selfishness to CaringFrom Greed to SharingFrom Destruction to Nurturing

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 182

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 183

Put Nature & People First,

Especially the Poor & the Oppressed,

Not Greed & Profits!

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 184

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 185

Care forCom

mon

Good

Country & One’s Religion

Community & Group

Self & Family05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 186

Tasks Ahead•Defy Economic Globalization!

•Defend Life!

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 187

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 188

ImpactHealth Coastal Areas Biodiversity Agriculture Water Forests

Crisis of Climate Change

Economic Globalization, Greed, & ProfitIndustry Transportation Agriculture Consumers

Fossil Fuels Producing Greenhouse GasesPetroleum Coal Natural Gas

© 2016 Rey Ty

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 189

ImpactHealth Coastal Areas Biodiversity Agriculture Water Forests

Climate Change Mitigation

Cooperative Economic, Social, & Political ModelIndustry Transportation Agriculture Consumers

Mainstreaming Alternative Renewable EnergyBiomass Geothermal Mechanical Sun Water Wind, etc.

© 2016 Rey Ty

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 190https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gAQ82IHyZ8

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 191

Tasks Ahead• On globalization:

“There is a populist response from the left and the right. Elites should pay attention.”

http://www.progressive.org/news/2016/07/188830/global-trade-whats-good-progressive-do

Which Planet Earth?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 192

Economic Globalization, Countries, or Nature?

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 193

Tasks AheadDeuteronomy 16:20

• “Justice, and only justice, you shall follow, that you may live and inherit the land that the LORD your God is giving you.”

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 194

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 195

Ecumenically pursue Eco-Justice!

Work for Equality & Nature

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 196http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/07/04/equality-and-sustainability-can-we-have-both/

Thank You!

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 197

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 198https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2014/sep/21/peoples-climate-march-in-new-york-in-pictures?CMP=fb_us

Fair Use• In good faith, this work contains fair use of copyrighted and non-copyrighted

images from the public domain & the web for non-commercial & nonprofit educational purposes.

• This work is distributed free of charge.• The author has neither monetized this work nor sought any profit from its

distribution.• Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976: Allowance is

made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.

• This work contains original work of commentary and critical analysis. • Quotations are attributed to the original authors and sources.

05/02/2023 199Rey Ty

05/02/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 200

References• Provided in pertinent slides.• Interview with Dr. Abram Bicksler of Echo Asia

Impact Center. (2016). echonet.org/• Environment articles. (2016). Center for

Research on Globalization. http://www.globalresearch.ca/theme/environment

• David Hallman. (2002). Globalization & Climate Change. WCC. https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

Nature & Society:Crisis of Climate Change & Eco-Justice in

Our Common Home

Dr. Rey Ty

05/02/2023 Rey Ty 202