2016 rec biomass combined heat and power lessons learned ...€¦ · best practices from finland...
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD
Biomass Combined Heat and Power – lessons learned and best practices from FinlandAntti ArastoAlaska Rural Energy Conference26.4.2016, Fairbanks AK
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Outline
1. VTT –Who are we?2. CHP and district heating in Finland3. What is CHP?4. How do the solutions look from technology perspective?5. CHP case examples6. Conclusions
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VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
Net turnover and other operating income 272 M€ for VTT Group in 2015(VTT Group’s turnover 185 M€ in 2015)
Personnel 2,470 (VTT Group 31.12.2015 )
Unique research and testing infrastructure
Wide national and international cooperation network
We use4 million
hours of brainpower a year to develop
new technological solutions
A leading R&D organisation in Nordic countries We provide expert services
for our domestic and international customers and partners, both in private and public sectors
36% of Finnish
innovationsinclude VTT
expertise
TOP 2VTT is second
most active patenting
organisation in Finland (2014)
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District heat production in Finland 2015- 33,0 TWh
Cogenerated electricity 11,8 TWh
Source: Kaukolämpötilastot 2013
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Combined heat and power production
Process where primary energy is transformed simultaneously into both electric and heat energy (and cooling)
Heat can be utilised for heating of buildings and domestic hot water through district heating (DH) and for process steam for industrial processes
Integral part of the most efficient existing district heating systems
Significant efficiency improvement vs. separate production of heat and electricity
CHP uses heat exiting steam turbines and/or flue gasses directly or through a heat recovery boiler
District heating as a solution for heat supply
In addition to overall efficiency, a relevant parameter concerning CHP plants is power to heat ratio Modern, high efficiency units have high (over 1) power to heat ratios as well as high (over 90 %)
efficiencies
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Energy flows in CHP and separated H/P generationSeparated H/P generation needs 33 % more fuel compared to CHP generation
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District heating systemMain elements
District heating as a solution for heat supply
Production of heat utilising different technologies and sources of heat
Network of insulated pipes distributing generated heat to consumers
Thermal losses, ventilation heat load and hot water consumption
Heat lossesConversion losses
District heating network of a small Finnish town
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Production
A range of alternative production technologies Combustion of renewable or fossil fuels in combined heat and power
(CHP) plants or boilers, heat pumps, solar collectors, waste heat Modern systems make use of heat storages
Different technologies more suitable for certain roles Base, variable, uncontrollable and peak capacities Efficient system requires smart combination of different sources of heat
District heating as a solution for heat supply
Production roles in a heat load duration curve
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Operational optimization
How to operate available resources in most efficient way?Optimal operation of production plants depend on…
Value of commodities Electricity, heat and fuels Predicted or known variation during optimized period
Production by uncontrollable heat sources Status of possible heat storage Heat demand and production forecast
Carried out by an optimization model Mathematic description of the system, e.g. in LP or MILP Often done on hourly time steps
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Future District Heating
Consumer’s deviceso Specific heat demand 40 kWh/m3,a - 50 %o Heating/DHW 75/25 % 50/50% o New applications for DHo Low temperature system; radiator, floor, air
conditioning heating
o Remote read metering for each dwellings, 2-way information
Distributiono Distribution temperature 115 °C -> 80 °C -> 60 °C
(low temp. heating)o Heat losses lower 6 %/a 2-3 %/ao Distributed pump capacity in the networko ”smart grid” to district heating network
Heat productiono Hybrid production: RES, bio fuels, waste, ground or
geothermal heat, solar, etc.o Two way heat trade in consumer
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Types of wood fuel used on finland
Majority of the wood used for energy consists of side streams of conventional forestry and from low quality wood that have no competing uses Small wood is harvested from tending of young forests, logging
residue, stumpwood and coarse uncommercial stemwood from regeneration cuttings in mature forests
Photo sources: Metsäteho, mhy.fi, pirkanmaanmetsat.fi, metla.fi
Volter 40 Indoor: Generator output 40kW, thermal 100kW
Commercial micro scale biomass CHP byVolter Ltd
13 commercial referencesaround the globe: fromFinland to Ontario and Sidney
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Take home messages Significant efficiency improvement vs. separate production
of heat and electricity Biomass is an excellent local resource for heat, power
and local economy Widely proven in Finland and Scandinavia: reliable, robust and cost
efficient fuel, especially for heat production Technology for bioenergy is commercially proven from kW to 1000MW
scale Trend in Finland (and globally) towards more challenging fuel fractions Boosts local economy and balance of trade
World of power generation is changing. Shift from larger installation to small scale distributed production
Boosting technologies suitable for rural areas and micro grids Energy efficiency in building and new production technologies will have
significant role
Future of CHP -> diversification of production technologies
Solar, wind, geothermal and thermal production in same systems Two way heat (and electricity) trade enabling new prosumers role Lower heat levels -> increased energy efficiency Balancing role of CHP in grids
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Take home messages Significant efficiency improvement vs. separate production
of heat and electricity Biomass is an excellent local resource for heat, power
and local economy Widely proven in Finland and Scandinavia: reliable, robust and cost
efficient fuel, especially for heat production Technology for bioenergy is commercially proven from kW to 1000MW
scale Trend in Finland (and globally) towards more challenging fuel fractions
Boosts local economy and balance of trade World of power generation is changing. Shift from larger
installation to small scale distributed production Boosting technologies suitable for rural areas and micro grids Energy efficiency in building and new production technologies will have
significant role
Future of CHP -> diversification of production technologies
Solar, wind, geothermal and thermal production in same systems Two way heat (and electricity) trade enabling new prosumers role Lower heat levels -> increased energy efficiency Balancing role of CHP in grids