2.1 2 2 information systems in the enterprise enterprise chapter
TRANSCRIPT
2.1
22
INFORMATION INFORMATION
SYSTEMS IN THESYSTEMS IN THE
ENTERPRISEENTERPRISE
Chapter
2.2
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Types of Information Systems
Figure 2-1
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
2.3
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Major Types of Systems
• Executive Support Systems (ESS)Executive Support Systems (ESS)
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
• Office Automation Systems (OAS)Office Automation Systems (OAS)
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
2.4
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Figure 2-2
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS):Transaction Processing Systems (TPS):
• Basic business systems that serve the Basic business systems that serve the operational leveloperational level
• A computerized system that performs and A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions records the daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the businessnecessary to the conduct of the business
2.6
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Payroll TPS
Figure 2-3
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Types of TPS Systems
Figure 2-4
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
2.8
Knowledge Work Systems (KWS):
Knowledge levelKnowledge level• Inputs:Inputs: Design specsDesign specs
• Processing:Processing: ModelingModeling
• Outputs:Outputs: Designs, graphicsDesigns, graphics
• Users:Users: Technical staffTechnical staff
Example: Engineering work stationExample: Engineering work station
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
2.9
Management Information System (MIS):
Management levelManagement level• Inputs:Inputs: High volume data High volume data
• ProcessingProcessing:: Simple models Simple models
• Outputs:Outputs: Summary reports Summary reports
• Users:Users: Middle managers Middle managers
Example: Annual budgetingExample: Annual budgeting
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
2.10
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-5
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
Management Information System (MIS)
2.11
• Structured and semi-structured decisionsStructured and semi-structured decisions
• Report control orientedReport control oriented
• Past and present dataPast and present data
• Internal orientationInternal orientation
• Lengthy design processLengthy design process
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
Management Information System (MIS)
2.12
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Decision Support System (DSS):
Management levelManagement level• Inputs:Inputs: Low volume data Low volume data
• Processing: Processing: InteractiveInteractive
• Outputs:Outputs: Decision analysis Decision analysis
• Users:Users: Professionals, staff Professionals, staff
Example: Contract cost analysisExample: Contract cost analysis
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
2.13
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-6
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
Decision Support System (DSS)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-7
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
Decision Support System (DSS)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Executive Support System (ESS):
Strategic levelStrategic level• Inputs:Inputs: Aggregate data Aggregate data
• Processing:Processing: Interactive Interactive
• Outputs:Outputs: Projections Projections
• Users:Users: Senior managers Senior managers
Example: 5-year operating planExample: 5-year operating plan
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
2.16
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
Executive Support System (ESS)
Figure 2-8
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Top level managementTop level management
• Designed to the individualDesigned to the individual
• Ties CEO to all levelsTies CEO to all levels
• Very expensive to keep upVery expensive to keep up
• Extensive support staffExtensive support staff
KEY SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION
Executive support system (ESS)
2.18
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG SYSTEMS
Figure 2-9
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
ORDER PROCESSING ENTER, PROCESS, TRACK ORDERS OPERATIONAL
MARKET ANALYSIS IDENTIFY CUSTOMERS & MARKETS KNOWLEDGE
PRICING ANALYSIS DETERMINE PRICES MANAGEMENT
SALES TRENDS PREPARE 5-YEAR FORECASTS STRATEGIC
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Sales and Marketing Systems
2.20
Major functions of systems:Major functions of systems:• Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, Scheduling, purchasing, shipping,
receiving, engineering, operationsreceiving, engineering, operations
Major application systems:Major application systems:• Materials resource planning systems, Materials resource planning systems,
purchase order control systems, purchase order control systems, engineering systems, quality control engineering systems, quality control systemssystems
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Manufacturing and Production Systems
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
2.21
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
MACHINE CONTROL CONTROL ACTIONS OF EQUIPMENT OPERATIONAL
COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN DESIGN NEW PRODUCTS KNOWLEDGE
PRODUCTION PLANNING DECIDE NUMBER, SCHEDULE OF PRODUCTS MANAGEMENT
FACILITIES LOCATION DECIDE WHERE TO LOCATE FACILITIES STRATEGIC
Manufacturing and Production Systems
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Overview of Inventory Systems
Figure 2-10
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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Major functions of systems:Major functions of systems:• Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost
accountingaccounting
Major application systems:Major application systems:• General ledger, accounts receivable, General ledger, accounts receivable,
accounts payable, budgeting, funds accounts payable, budgeting, funds management systemsmanagement systems
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Financing and Accounting Systems
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
2.24
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE TRACK MONEY OWED TO FIRM OPERATIONAL
PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS DESIGN FIRM'S INVESTMENTS KNOWLEDGE
BUDGETING PREPARE SHORT TERM BUDGETS MANAGEMENT
PROFIT PLANNING PLAN LONG-TERM PROFITS STRATEGIC
Financing and Accounting Systems
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
2.25
Major functions of systems:Major functions of systems:• Personnel records, benefits, Personnel records, benefits,
compensation, labor relations, trainingcompensation, labor relations, training
Major application systems:Major application systems:• Payroll, employee records, benefit Payroll, employee records, benefit
systems, career path systems, personnel systems, career path systems, personnel training systemstraining systems
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Human Resource Systems
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT TRACK TRAINING, SKILLS, APPRAISALS OPERATIONAL
CAREER PATHING DESIGN EMPLOYEE CAREER PATHS KNOWLEDGE
COMPENSATION ANALYSIS MONITOR WAGES, SALARIES, BENEFITS MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING PLAN LONG-TERM LABOR FORCE NEEDS STRATEGIC
Human Resource Systems
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
2.27
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-11
Human Resource Systems
SYSTEMS FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
2.28
Business processes Business processes
• Manner in which work is organized, Manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or servicevaluable product or service
• Concrete work flows of material, Concrete work flows of material, information, and knowledge—sets of information, and knowledge—sets of activitiesactivities
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Business Processes and Information Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
• Unique ways to coordinate work, Unique ways to coordinate work,
information, and knowledgeinformation, and knowledge
• Ways in which management chooses Ways in which management chooses
to coordinate workto coordinate work
Business Processes and Information Systems
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Business Processes and Information Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Information systems help organizationsInformation systems help organizations
• Achieve great efficiencies by automating Achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of processes parts of processes
• Rethink and streamline processesRethink and streamline processes
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• Manufacturing and production:Manufacturing and production: Assembling product, checking quality, Assembling product, checking quality, producing bills of materialsproducing bills of materials
• Sales and marketing:Sales and marketing: Identifying Identifying customers, creating customer awareness, customers, creating customer awareness, sellingselling
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Examples of Business Processes
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
2.32
• Finance and accounting:Finance and accounting: Paying Paying creditors, creating financial statements, creditors, creating financial statements, managing cash accountsmanaging cash accounts
• Human Resources:Human Resources: Hiring employees, Hiring employees, evaluating performance, enrolling evaluating performance, enrolling employees in employees in benefits plansbenefits plans
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Examples of Business Processes
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-12
The Order Fulfillment Process
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with Manages all ways used by firms to deal with existing and potential new customersexisting and potential new customers
• Business and Technology disciplineBusiness and Technology discipline
• Uses information system to coordinate entire Uses information system to coordinate entire business processes of a firmbusiness processes of a firm
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
• Provides end-to-end customer careProvides end-to-end customer care
• Provides a unified view of customer Provides a unified view of customer across the companyacross the company
• Consolidates customer data from multiple Consolidates customer data from multiple sources and provides analytical tools for sources and provides analytical tools for answering questionsanswering questions
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Figure 2-13
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Supply Chain Management (SCM)Supply Chain Management (SCM)• Close linkage and coordination of activities Close linkage and coordination of activities
involved in buying, making, and moving a involved in buying, making, and moving a productproduct
• Integrates supplier, manufacturer, Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer logistics time distributor, and customer logistics time
• Reduces time, redundant effort, and Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory costsinventory costs
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Supply ChainSupply Chain
• Network of organizations and business Network of organizations and business processes processes
• Helps in procurement of materials, Helps in procurement of materials, transformation of raw materials into transformation of raw materials into intermediate and finished productsintermediate and finished products
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
• Helps in distribution of the finished Helps in distribution of the finished products to customersproducts to customers
• Includes reverse logistics - returned items Includes reverse logistics - returned items flow in the reverse direction from the flow in the reverse direction from the buyer back to the sellerbuyer back to the seller
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Supply Chain Management
Figure 2-14
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• Decide when, what to produce, store, moveDecide when, what to produce, store, move• Rapidly communicate orders Rapidly communicate orders • Communicate orders, track order statusCommunicate orders, track order status• Check inventory availability, monitor levelsCheck inventory availability, monitor levels• Track shipments Track shipments • Plan production based on actual demand Plan production based on actual demand • Rapidly communicate product design changeRapidly communicate product design change• Provide product specificationsProvide product specifications• Share information about defect rates, returnsShare information about defect rates, returns
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
How Information Systems Facilitate Supply Chain Management
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
• Supply chain planning system:Supply chain planning system: Enables Enables firm to generate forecasts for a product and firm to generate forecasts for a product and to develop sourcing and a manufacturing to develop sourcing and a manufacturing plan for the productplan for the product
• Supply chain execution system:Supply chain execution system: Manages flow of products through Manages flow of products through distribution centers and warehousesdistribution centers and warehouses
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-15
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Collaborative Commerce
2.44
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
Private Industrial NetworksPrivate Industrial Networks
• Web-enabled networks Web-enabled networks
• Link systems of multiple firms in an Link systems of multiple firms in an industry industry
• Coordinate transorganizational business Coordinate transorganizational business processesprocesses
Industrial Networks
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-16
Traditional View of the Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
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Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Figure 2-17
Enterprise Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
2.47
• Firm structure and organization:Firm structure and organization: One One organizationorganization
• Management:Management: Firm-wide knowledge-based Firm-wide knowledge-based management processesmanagement processes
• Technology:Technology: Unified platform Unified platform
• Business:Business: More efficient operations and More efficient operations and customer-driven business processescustomer-driven business processes
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Benefits of Enterprise Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
2.48
• Difficult to build:Difficult to build: Require fundamental Require fundamental changes in the way the business operateschanges in the way the business operates
• Technology:Technology: Require complex pieces of Require complex pieces of software and large investments of time, software and large investments of time, money, and expertisemoney, and expertise
• Centralized organizational coordination Centralized organizational coordination and decision making: and decision making: Not the best way for Not the best way for the firms to operatethe firms to operate
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Challenges of Enterprise Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES
2.49
Four main ways of organizing businesses Four main ways of organizing businesses internationally:internationally:• Domestic Exporter:Domestic Exporter: Heavy centralization of Heavy centralization of
corporate activities in the home country of origincorporate activities in the home country of origin
• Multinational:Multinational: Financial management and Financial management and control out of a central home base, production, control out of a central home base, production, sales and marketing operations decentralizedsales and marketing operations decentralized
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Forms of Global Business Organization
2.50
• Franchiser:Franchiser: Product created, designed, Product created, designed, financed, and produced in the home country, financed, and produced in the home country, relies on foreign personnel for production, relies on foreign personnel for production, marketing and human resourcesmarketing and human resources
• Transnational:Transnational: No national headquarters; No national headquarters; value-added activities managed from a global value-added activities managed from a global perspective, no reference to national borders, perspective, no reference to national borders, sources of supply and demand and local sources of supply and demand and local competitive advantage optimized competitive advantage optimized
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Forms of Global Business Organization
2.51
Four types of system configuration:Four types of system configuration:
• Centralized Systems Centralized Systems
• Duplicated SystemsDuplicated Systems
• Decentralized SystemsDecentralized Systems
• Networked SystemsNetworked Systems
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Global System Configuration
2.52
Essentials of Management Information SystemsEssentials of Management Information SystemsChapter 2 Information Systems in the EnterpriseChapter 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise
Global System Configuration
INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SYSYTEMS
Figure 2-18
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INFORMATION INFORMATION
SYSTEMS IN THESYSTEMS IN THE
ENTERPRISEENTERPRISE
Chapter