2118: vietnam

Vietnam

Vietnamese Government Socialist republic

ALVIN LOWTONY CHANDONALD CHENGVICKI LO

ALVIN LOWTONY CHANDONALD CHENGVICKI LO

Map of Vietnam

Vietnam - Brief Introduction

International arrivalsNumber of foreign visitors to Vietnam

　　Thous. visitors　

　 2008 　

TOTAL 4235.8

By some nationalities

Taiwanese 303.2

Japanese 393.1

French 182.1

America 414.8

English 107.1

Thai 182.4

Chinese 643.3

By main purpose of journey

Tourism 2612.9

Business 844.3

Visiting friend & relative 510.5

Others 268.1

By means of transport

Air ways 3283.2

Water ways 151.7

Roads 800.9

A Brief History of Vietnam

Timeline of Modern Vietnam

A Brief History of VietnamViet Dynasty Era

mostly under Chinese rule

A Brief History of Vietnam1885-1963

• 1885 – Vietnam, the entire country became part of French Indochina

• 1930 - Ho Chi Minh founds the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP). • 1941 - ICP organizes a guerrilla force, Viet Minh, in response to invasion by Japan during World War II. • 1945 - The Viet Minh seizes power. Ho Chi Minh announces Vietnam's independence.

A Brief History of Vietnam1885-1958

• 1946 - French forces attack Viet Minh in Haiphong in November, sparking the war of resistance against the colonial power.

• 1950 - Democratic Republic of Vietnam is recognized by China and USSR.

• 1954 - At the Geneva conference, Vietnam is split into North and South at the 17th Parallel.

• 1957 - Beginning of communist insurgency in the South.

A Brief History of Vietnam Western colonial era(French)

• Imposed significant political and cultural changes on Vietnamese society:

1. A Western-style system of modern education.2. Propagation of Christianity.3. Most of the French settlers in Indochina were concentrated

in Cochin china.4. Developing a plantation economy to promote the exports

of tobacco, indigo, tea and coffee.

A Brief History of Vietnam1959-1975(Vietnam War)

• 1959 - US enters the war • 1967 - US troop numbers in Vietnam rise to 500,000. • 1968 - Tet Offensive begins. More than 500 civilians die in the massacre at My Lai. • 1969 - Ho Chi Minh dies. • 1973 - Ceasefire agreement in Paris, US troop pull-out completed by March. • 1975 - North Vietnamese troops uniform the whole country.

No. of deathVietnamese: 3-4 million, Laotians and Cambodians: 1.5 to 2 million, U.S.

soldiers: 58,159

A Brief History of Vietnam1976 – 2009(Reconstruction)

• 1976 - Socialist Republic of Vietnam proclaimed. Saigon is re-named Ho Chi Minh City.

• 1994 - US lifts its 30-year trade embargo. • 1995 - Vietnam and US restore full diplomatic relations.

Vietnam becomes full member of ASEAN. • 1998 - Economic growth slumps in the wake of the Asian

financial crisis. • 2001 Viet-US trade status was normalized.• 2008 July - Monthly inflation rate of 27.04% marks largest

on-year increase since 1991.

Food and BeverageVietnamese Cuisine

Introduction• Although Vietnamese food has been

influenced by 1,000 years of domination by the Chinese and 100 years of control by the French, Vietnamese still able to fashion a distinctive cuisine.

• Most tourists go Vietnam for these well-known cuisine.

Three categories

Vietnamese cuisine is divided to 3 categories according to the regions in Vietnam:

1. North’s Cuisine2. South’s Cuisine3. Central Vietnamese Cuisine

1.North’s Cuisine

• more traditional• less diverse in choosing spices and ingredient

s• beef• notable dishes• eg. phở and bánh cuốn

2.South’s Cuisine

• influenced by the cuisines of southern Chinese immigrants and French colonists

• sweet flavor• Seafood• uses herbs• eg. gỏi cuốn (Spring Rolls), bánh mì (French bread)

3.Central Vietnamese Cuisine

• influences of the former court cooks• small side dishes• spicy

Influences of cultureson Vietnamese cuisine

1. French colonists and Chinese immigrants

During the of Chinese immigrants and control by the French, foreign cultures has been introduced to Vietnam, making the Vietnamese cuisine becomes a “fusion of French, Chinese & Vietnamese”

Fusion of French, Chinese & Vietnamese cuisines

• eating phở with French bread(bánh mì)• teem with coffee bean as well as tea-leaf• spring rolls (distant cousins to Chinese egg

rolls)• white potatoes, tomatoes & asparagus

2. Religions

The Vietnamese also have a number of vegetarian dishes, influenced by Buddhist beliefs.

3. Customs

• Individual bowls of rice• Start their day with phở, wherever you

are in Vietnam, you can get phở• Prepared fish sauce

and/or soy sauce for dipping

4. Climate & Geography

The topical monsoon climate of most of Vietnam the land and the freshwater and inshore fishing contribute to the Vietnamese cuisine• hot weather makes Vietnamese like

sweet and sour flavors• rice, fruits and vegetables, fish,

crustaceans, nuốc mám(fish sauce), pork and poultry

Cultural importance of cuisine

Cuisine is vitally significant in Vietnamese culture. The word ăn (eat) is included in a great number of proverbs and has a large range of semantic extension.

• offerings which include dishes are essential in festivals and ceremonies

• salt as the connection between the world of the living dead

• Bánh phu thê is used as perfection and harmony of new couples in their weddings

Influences of Vietnamese cuisine on hospitality

industry As Trademark

The harmonious characteristic of Vietnamese cuisine has attracted tourists all over the world and it becomes the trademark of Vietnamese tourism.

Some people say “if you haven’t tried the traditional cuisine in Vietnam, then you seem had never been to Vietnam.”

Trademarks Dishes

• phở– traditional food– exists everywhere in Vietnam– good deal about making rich broths form French– start their day with it

• gỏi cuốn (spring rolls)– famous appetizers– combination of Chinese and Vietnamese

• bánh mì (French bread rolls)– famous combination of French and Vietnamese– French bread with fillings (pork, chicken, vegetables etc.)

• nuốc mám (fish sauce)– genius of Vietnamese food– one of the biggest tourist attractions Vietnam offers– most tourists buy this as souvenir– important for distinctive qualities of Vietnamese food

• Vietnamese sausages– most tourists buy this as souvenir– many flavors

Destination of tourists

Adventure

• Vietnam is not a well-developed country(e.g. the lack of infrastructure and the condition of roads is poor)

can attract some tourists for adventure trip

• Not the mainstream’s travel purpose

Adventure

• Mekong River –Rich in natural sights –Experience the daily life of the

Mekong people

Natural Interest

• Vietnam is an old country with a history dating back more than 4,000 years

• There are some physical beauty• E.g. Ha Long Bay -A UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular attraction

Historical Sites

• Because of the Vietnam War, there are some historical remains

• War Remnants Museum –Showing the information of the

Vietnam War

Sites of historical

• Cu Chi Tunnel –A war theater during the Vietnam

War

Temples and Churches

• Temple of Caodaism

• Notre-Dame Cathedral –Neo-Romanesque style architecture –A sacred atmosphere

Architectures

• During the control of the French, the architecture has been introduced to Vietnam

• Vietnamese are open and friendly, they are acceptance to these architectural culture.

• Some of the architectures become a famous destination

Architecture(French)

• Main Post Office –was constructed when Vietnam was part of French Indochina –Gothic architectural style

Architecture(French)

• Saigon Opera House –Built in 1897 by French architect Ferret Eugene

• Villa Blanche

1)Scale and Distribution of accommodation in Vietnam

a) Mainly located along the coastal line BUT start to scatter and spread to the rural region

Along the coast

Spread inward the continent

Influence of Culture on the Scale and Distribution of accommodation in Vietnam

Colonization of France• Vietnam was one of the colonies of France. • Under the control of French government, Vietnam was

westernized and opened up to trade with other countries.

∴ Coastal cities are opened for international trading or business

∴ Ports are built in coastal cities

∴High demand in Accommodations along the coast

Colonization of France• Vietnam made progress in economy under the control of

France • Start to have development in tourism industry

∵ Vietnam possesses remarkable landscapes

∴ Developing sightseeing tour or eco-tour

∴Increasing demand in accommodations in rural areas

Influence of Culture Scale and Distribution of accommodation in Vietnam

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http://apss.weblogs.anu.edu.au/files/2009/02/vietnam.jpg

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b) Most of them are Economy or Budget Hotels

BUT start to have some high class upscale Hotels

Scale and Distribution of accommodation in Vietnam

Caravelle Hotel in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City

http://saigon.park.hyatt.com/hyatt/hotels/gallery/photos.jsp?icamp=propPhotoGallery

Park Hyatt Saifgon in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City

http://www.caravellehotel.com

Economic factors – Past • Vietnam is a developing country• Vietnam lacks Infrastructures (e.g. railway system is

very primitive)

↓∴ Attractiveness for foreign Hotel Investors

∴Insufficient capital to raise a high class Hotel

∴Economy Hotels become the majority


Economic factors - Present• Vietnam develops rapidly

∴ More and more businessmen visit Vietnam for commercial purpose

(e.g. French business invested in Vietnam when it was the colony of France)

∴ More diversified facilities (e.g. conference room) is demanded

∴More and more high class or upscale hotels


Attitude of Vietnamese towards tourists• Vietnamese are significantly friendly and hospitable towards

tourists

• Friendliness and gentleness of Vietnamese maybe due to religious beliefs

∵Vast majority of Vietnamese are Buddhists ∴Vietnamese got high potential working in hospitality industry


2)Target customers and type of the hotel in Vietnam

To find out who are the target customers of hotels in Vietnam, we should first find out which countries sent out the largest number of visitors and identify the types of visitors

Here is the Statistic showing the number of visitors to Vietnam

General Statistics Office of Vietnam: http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=472&idmid=3&ItemID=9115 Let’s see the trend!

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Tourism

Business

Visiting friends& relatives

others

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Both number of visitors for Business and visiting friends and relatives purposes increase gradually while number of visitors for tourism increased sharply in the past decade.

The figures shows that the visitors Vietnam for the following three reasons:

Having a vacation Doing business Visiting friends and relatives

∴Three types of customers can be identified, they are:

a) Touristsb) Businesspersonc) Viet Kieu

-- Overseas Vietnamese

2)Target customers and type of the hotel in Vietnam

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What’s more!

a)Tourists- Mainly came from the countries located in Asia(e.g. China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand)

Short geographical distance

∴Cost of Journey↓ More visitors sent↑∴

∴Hotels are needed to accommodate them

Fusion with Multi-Culture-Around 1,000,000 Hua Kieu (oversea Chinese) in Vietnam & Chinese culture brought to the Vietnam

-Next to Thailand, infected by Thai Culture as well

∴Vietnamese are used to duel with Asians &little conflicts will be come up when Hotels in Vietnam receive guests in Asia

Country of Origin

Number of Visitors

(Thou.)

China 643

United States

414.8

Japan 393.1

Taiwan 303.2

Thailand 182.4

France 182.1

United Kingdom

107.1

2008 Vietnam tourism inflow

1998 2008

Total Visitors (Thou.)

1520.1 4235.8

2)Influence of culture on Target customers and type of the hotel in Vietnam

What’s more!

Points mentioned before give the explanations of the large numbers visitors sent to Vietnam from ASIA.

BUT,

How about the abnormal large number of visitors sent from France and United States that are not located in Asia?

Country of Origin

Number of Visitors

(Thou.)

China 643

United States

414.8

Japan 393.1

Taiwan 303.2

Thailand 182.4

France 182.1

United Kingdom

107.1

2008 Vietnam tourism inflow

1998 2008


1520.1 4235.8


Businessperson(Mainly came from China, America and France)

China - is next to Vietnam & many commercial

relationship between these two countries

America

- During the Vietnam War, America allied with the South Vietnam and some of the business supporting the battle is established.

- Those business continue to operate and constantly drive businessperson from America to Vietnam.

The excellent forgiveness of Vietnamese

-Americans battle with North Vietnam during Vietnam War (1965 – 1975) and caused thousands of Vietnamese died

-BUT nowadays Vietnamese do not have so much

enmity against Americans

Country of Origin

Number of Visitors

(Thou.)

China 643

United States

414.8

Japan 393.1

Taiwan 303.2

Thailand 182.4

France 182.1

United Kingdom

107.1

2008 Vietnam tourism inflowWhat’s more!

1998 2008


1520.1 4235.8


c) Businessperson(Mainly came from China, America and France)

France

- Vietnam was a colony of France in the past

- Some business was established when Vietnam was the colony of France

∴ businessman from France have to visit Vietnam constantly to run and supervise their firms

The open-minded characteristic of Vietnamese

colonization of France -Vietnamese accept the westernization due to the colonization

-Vietnamese are compatible to foreign race without a huge repelling

Country of Origin

Number of Visitors

(Thou.)

China 643

United States

414.8

Japan 393.1

Taiwan 303.2

Thailand 182.4

France 182.1

United Kingdom

107.1

2008 Vietnam tourism inflowWhat’s more!

1998 2008


1520.1 4235.8


Country of Origin Number of Visitors

(Thou.)

China 643

United States 414.8

Japan 393.1

Taiwan 303.2

Thailand 182.4

France 182.1

United Kingdom 107.1

The following list shows the countries that sent visitors to Vietnam in 2008 and offers the number of visitors

What’s more!

1998 2008


1520.1 4235.8

Viet Kieu(Mainly came from America and France)

-After Vietnam War (1965-1975), a lot of Vietnamese escaped from it own countries to United States and France as refugees

- To avoid the control of communist Vietnamese government.

∴Become the oversea Vietnamese(Viet Kieu)

- They returned Vietnam for recording the past memories or find the origin.

Confucian-Vietnamese got an idea of “Tracing the Origin” which is similar to the idea of Confucian

And Finally, the large numbers of visitors sent from France and United States can be explained


1 )Festivals in Vietnam Vietnam

a) Lunar New Year [Tet Nguyen Dan]b) Mid Autumn Festival [Tet Trung Thu]c) Leaving the tomb Festival

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a) Lunar New Year [Tet Nguyen Dan]• It is the first day after one cycle of lunar year

• Being respectful to their ancestors and grandparents who have brought them up

• Stops thinking about unhappy things and says good things to each other

Mixing with the Chinese Culture

-Vietnam was originally a part of ancient China

∴preserve some culture from Chinese

-Vietnamese follow the Chinese lunar calendar

1 )Influence of Culture on Festivals in Vietnam


b) Mid Autumn Festival [Tet Trung Thu]• The brightest and roundest in the year• Symbolizing the completion of families or couples• Parading with lanterns shaped as moon and stars • Lion dance and eating pasties and fruits.

Collectivism-Vietnamese has high collectiveness with their family members-They tends to stay as a whole family rather than individuals

∴Gathering once a year during the Mid Autumn festival -Vietnamese play together, work together and live together

C) Leaving the tomb Festival • Worshipping their ancestors and deceased persons

• Although this ceremony is associated to the death, it is very cheerful

Large Power Distance-Vietnamese are respectful to older generation all the time(i.e. rudeness to senior generation is not allowed )

-Obey the rule of “Hau” in Confucian Idea(i,e. we should be respectful towards our parents all the time , and take care of them when they are aged.)


a) áo ngũ thân (Ao ngu than) - “4-part dress” b) Áo Dài (Ao dai) – Women’s national outfitc) Nón lá (Non la) - conical hat

2) Dressing and Clothing in Vietnam

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a)Ao ngu than- Consists of five layers- The word “Ngu” means five in Vietnamese- Represent the five elements in oriental cosmology- Called “Wu Xin” , they are “metal”, “wood”,- “water”,”fire” and”earth”

Mixing of Chinese Culture- The concepts of “Wu Xin” is originally came from Chinese- Applied to many category, such as “fung shui”and Chinese medicine - Strive for the balance between each element

1 )Influence of Culture on Dressing and Clothing in Vietnam

http://english.cinet.vn/UploadFile/Images/Data_11_2007/5214319640.jpg

b) Ao Dai- Differentiated from the “Qing” Dynasty cheongsam- Not popular in causal wear - But commonly adopted as school uniform in Vietnam- Normally white in colour- Fit-cutting - Always wear with trousers

Conservatism-Although fit-cutting shows the body line, exposure of skin is avoided.-Long trousers is added to cheongsam in Ao Dai



c) Non la- Also called “Leaf hat”- Wide-brimmed- Has a conical shape - Protection from the sunray and rain

Large population of labor force

-Adopting “Non la” indicate that Vietnamese usually work outdoor

-Work hard to earn their living

-Their work are tough, primary and unprivileged

-Farming and castling are popular in Vietnam

http://www.indochinaclassic.com/UserFiles/Image/Ao%20Dai,non%20la1.jpg

Reference

• http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=491• http://www.vietnamtourism.com/• http://www.mekongdelta-travel.com/• http://travelusb.com/• http://www.vietnamese-recipes.com/• http://www.indochinaclassic.com• http://media.photobucket.com/• Berger A.(2005) The Pros and Cons of Vietnam Tourism

Vietnam Tourism:9-20,75-78• Justin Corfield(2008) The History of Vietnam• Hy V. Luong.(2003) Postwar Vietnam

http://travelusb.com/




http://www.vietnamese-recipes.com/

http://www.indochinaclassic.com/

http://media.photobucket.com/