235553634-2800-electronic-mech-jan07

Proprietary Information of Perkins Engines Company Limited 2006 - All Rights ReservedPerkins Confidential ‘Green’

Perkins 23/25/2800 SeriesDiesel Engine Training

Perkins Product Training


DomesticsFire Exits

Breaks

Lunch

Toilets

Smoking

Mobile Phones

Health & Safety


Please Note

The product training information is distributed for informational purposes only. It is not to be construed as creating or becoming part of Perkins Engines contractual or warranty obligations

The appropriate service literature, including ‘Service Bulletins’ now available on the www.perkins.com Secured Website, should always be the final authority and source of information

Wiring Diagrams/Electrical Drawings, wire numbers and connection points may change.


Course Objectives

At the end of the course the delegates will be able to –

•Show technicians strip down techniques and the use of special tools •EST(Electronic Service Tool) and fault diagnosis procedures specific to 23/25/2800


Worldwide ‘Off Road’ Legislation Today

Environmental Protection Agency / European Union

Regional Legislation

No Legislation Requirements


‘Off Road’ Emissions Legislation

Tier 0 "A" rated engines can be used in regions without Emissions Legislation.

Tier 1 "B" rated engines are suitable for regions with Tier 1/Stage I Emissions Legislation

Tier 2 "C" rated engines are suitable for regions with Tier 2/Stage II Emissions Legislation.

Tier 3 "D" rated engines are suitable for regions with Tier 3/Stage III Emissions Legislation.


‘Off Road’ Industrial - Ever Cleaner Engines

0

0 1

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

2 3 4 5 6

Tier 3: 56kW<75

Tier 3: 75kW<130

Tier 3: 130kW<560

Tier 4A: 56kW<130

Tier 4A: 130kW<560

Tier 4B: 56kW<560

NOx; NOx + HC (g/kWh)

PM (g/kWh)

1980’sParticulate Matter (PM) 0.6g/kWh

Oxides of Nitrogen(NOx) 10.00g/kWh


Electronic Engine Benefits

Electronic Engine Management system gives: Improved Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) through precise control of

Injection Timing and Duration. Machine protection under extreme operating conditions. Easy servicing and fault diagnostics, Electronic Service Tool, (EST) Exceeds emissions legislation and has a lower noise level. Better engine ‘responsiveness’. Improved reliability,engine monitoring and protection. Further cost savings through integration into ‘Genset' design (CAN) Improved torque, different torque curves available, torque ‘shaping’ Rating changes available, Base Load, Prime, Standby, 1500/1800 Configuration files, gives the customer flexibility, droop, etc


FGA 06 - 1234 - U - 5678 - K

‘F’ Engine Family, 14.6 litre

‘H’ Engine Family, 15.8 litre

‘J’ Engine Family, 18 litre

A = TAG 1 (Turbo-Air to air charge cooled-Genset)

B = TAG 2 (Turbo-Air to air charge cooled-Genset)

D = TAG 3 (Turbo-Air to air charge cooled-Genset)

Generator Set Engine

Number of Cylinders

Engine Serial Number

Country of Manufacture

Year of Manufacture 03Build List

2306 and 2806 Engine Numbering


Engine Ratings - Definitions

Base Load or Continuous Unlimited hours usage, load factor 100% of published base load/continuous power 10% overload available 1 hour in 12 Power available for continuous full load

Prime Power Unlimited hours usage, load factor 80% of published prime power over 24 hours 10% overload available 1 hour in 12

Standby (maximum) Power available at variable load in the event of a mains power network

failure, up to a maximum of 500 hours/year of which 300 hours may be continuous

No overload is permitted and the load factor is 100%


2300/2800 Series EnginesElectronic Control System, Identical

Economic Power Mechanically actuated Electronically controlled Unit Injection.(MEUI)

Optimum turbo-charging, excellent fuel atomisation (30,000 PSI) and combustion, very low emissions.

Reliable Power Low oil usage and wear rates, high

compression ratios ensure clean rapidstarting. World Wide Support from4000 Distributors.

Compact, Efficient Power Exceptional power to weight ratio,

compact size, excellent service access forease of maintenance


2300/2800 - Engine Component ChangesNoticeable Physical Differences - Air Filter Size

Performance Related Pistons Connecting Rods Liner Ring Pack Crankshaft Turbo Air CleanerPackage Size Related Radiator Charge Cooler Fan and Cowling


Combined primary and secondary ‘Eco’Fuel filters

Integral inlet manifold (18 litre horizontal)

Fuel transferpump

Timing CalibrationProbe access hole

ADEM 3 ECMWith Perkinssoftware

Unique wiringharness

Radial sealair filter element

2306/2806 Product Features


Composite oil pan

Composite top cover

Oil cooler

‘Ecoplus’ full flowoil filtration

Single stage high boost turbocharger

Torsional vibration damper

Air to air chargecooler

16 litre

2306/2806 Product Features


2806 -18 litre Product Features

Twin exhaust manifolds

External oil feed to the cylinder

head

Twin turbochargers

Large output coolant pump

New oil filler tube

Aluminium sump

30% larger capacity oil

cooler


Rocker AssembliesRoller Type Rockers

Second oil pressure feed to cylinder head 18 Litre (external)


Forged steel overhead camshaft

Four valves per cylinder

Cylinder Head Four Valve Mono-Block Cylinder Head


One of three oil feed drillings

Valve Assemblies


TDC locator

Turning tool

Valve/Injector Clearance Establishing Number 1 TDC


Valve‘screw and locknut’ adjuster

Injector adjuster

Injector trim code

Button and ‘O’ ring

Valve/Injector Clearance


Tool CH11149

Machine shoulder

Checking correct adjustment




With Number 1 Cylinder at TDC compression stroke adjust Inlet valves 1,2,4 Exh valves 1,3,5 Injectors 3,5,6

With Number 6 Cylinder at TDC compression stroke adjust Inlet valves 3,5,6 Exh valves 2,4,6 Injectors 1,2,4

Clearances Inlet valves 0.38mm (0.015in) Exh Valves 0.76mm (0.030in) Injectors 78.0mm (3.07in) Tool N° CH11149


Injector Sleeve

A stainless steel sleeve is used in the injector bore to seal the coolant

The sleeve is sealed using three ‘O’ rings. However, combustion gases are sealed by the injector seating on the metal in the cylinder head bore.

The ‘O’ ring seal fitted on the injector nozzle provides a combustion gas seal until a carbon dam is formed.


A failed seal results in blow by and a hot injector

Injector Sleeve

A line contact seal is attained


Injector Sleeve


Valve lobesInjector lobe

Drive gear dowel location

CamshaftLong Overlap Camshaft


Camshaft


Camshaft Thrust Plate and Seal


Cylinder head gasket

Spacer plate

‘Shim’ gasket

Oil feed O ring

Coolant bobbin

Oil seal

Head Gasket/Spacer Plate


Thermal sleeve

Air gap

Exhaust Manifold


Cylinder Block Open Summit Cylinder Block


Oil soaked filler band

Rubber O rings (2806)

2306 three lower liner ‘O’ ring seals are all identical in size

Cylinder Liners Induction Hardened Liners


Cylinder LinersProtrusion


Oil cooling gallery

Oil cooling spray cutaways

Pistons2306 ‘Gallery Cooled’ Articulated Piston


Cooling oil reservoir

Pistons2806-16 Articulated Piston


Tightening con-rod bolts

Piston/Con-Rod Assembly


Pistons 2806-18 Piston


Big end cap secured by four bolts

Oil supply to small end bearing

Pistons/Con-Rod Assembly 2806-18 Piston


Piston cooling jetalignment tool

Part Number GE50004

Piston Cooling Jets


Piston cooling jet pipe assembly

Entry to cooling gallery

Connecting rod

Piston

Piston Cooling Jets2806-18


Thrust washer position

Crankshaft


Crankshaft 2806-18


Grooved main bearing fitted to block

180° thrust washersfitted to block

Crankshaft


Block Stiffener Plates

2300 Series

2800 Series 16 litre


2

Torsional DamperHasse and Wrede Damper

1. Housing2. Casing3. Inertia Ring (mass)4. Bearings5. Silicone Fluid

Block Stiffener Plate 2800 18 litre


‘Pendulum’ camshaft gear

Adjustable idler gear

Idler gear

Fuel transfer pump

Crankshaft gear

Oil pump gear position

Compound gear assembly

Coolant pump drive gear position

Timing Gears


Locating dowel

Rotating balance weights

Timing GearsPendulum Camshaft Gear

Timing case

Alignment marks

Timing gear


Timing GearsChecking Gear Backlash


Crankshaft SealsSeal Removal/Fitting

Gear case-split protection ring

Wear sleeve ‘crimp’ tool

Must be fitted as assembly Must not be separated Must be fitted dry

Crankshaft SealsOil Seal and Wear Sleeve


Blue seal (rear) Green seal (front)

Crankshaft Seals


Induction System 2809-18


Induction System

Air Filter Type Single medium duty paper element Max Air Inlet Temp 60°C (140°F) Initial Restriction 2.5kPa

(inlet depression new) Maximum Inlet Depression 6.2Kpa

(with dirty filter) Max Pressure Drop 14Kpa (2.03 psi)

(across charge cooler) Maximum Charge Air Temp 260°C (500°F)

at high (ambient conditions) Turbo Charger 2306 Allied Signal GT 50

2806 Borge Warner S 500 2806-18 twin Borge Warner S310


Induction SystemRadial Seal Filters


Single stage ‘high boost’ turbochargers

No oil priming required

Induction SystemTurbochargers


Exhaust gas outlet

Forward turbochargerRear turbocharger

Induction System2806-18 Turbochargers


A

I

R

COOLANT

Induction SystemAir Charge Cooling/Radiator


Air charge cooling / radiator

Boost air

Coolant

Turbo boost air

Coolant

Induction System 2806-18


Induction System


Trim code,Below barcode

Fuel SystemEUI Location

Put lever here to remove Injector


O ring seals

6 hole injector nozzle

‘Sacrificial’compression ‘O’ ring

Do not re-use seals

Fuel SystemInjector Seals


Transfer pump Primary filter Fuel supply

Fuel return

Venting points

Priming pump

Fuel System Low Pressure Fuel System

Secondary filter


Flow =413 litres/h at 1500

Flow =457 litres/h at 1800

Return flow dependant on engine load – Thermostat.

Fuel SystemFuel Cooler/Return


Fuel SystemEcoplus Fuel Filtration

Fuel SystemFuel Transfer Pump


Fuel Secondary Fuel primary Oil

Fuel System Ecoplus Fuel Filtration Identification


FromTank

To transferpump

Fromtransferpump

Temp sensor

Return to cooler

Return fromhead

PressureReliefValve

Air vent

Supply to head

Hand primerBy-passvalve

Fuel System Ecoplus Fuel Filtration


Fuel SystemNon-return/PRV


Lubrication System

Type Wet sump - full flowsystem

Oil pump Gear driven - with PRV Capacity - total system 68 litres Sump maximum 60 litres Sump minimum 45 litres Lube oil temp - normal (sump) 95°C Lube oil temp - maximum 113°C Lube oil pressure - rated speed 2.7-6 bar (40-88psi) Lube oil pressure - min rated speed 2 bar (30psi) Oil pressure relief valve opening pressure 6.1 bar (88psi)


Lubrication SystemComposite ‘High Capacity’ Sump


Lubrication SystemOil Pump


Samplingpoint O/P switch

Filter by-passvalve

Cooler by-passvalve

Lubrication SystemEcoplus Oil Filtration


Oil cooler assembly

Re-positionedoil fillertube

Re-designedOil filter head

Lubrication System 2806-18


Cooling System

Capacity of engine 20.8 Litres Capacity of complete system 50 Litres Pressure cap setting 70kPa (0.7 Bar) (10psi) Thermostat operating range Starts 88°C. Fully open 98°C Coolant pump Gear driven, centrifugal type Radiator Aluminium core, composite tanks Fan Plastic, 8 blade, pusher type. Maximum temperature. Top tank - 103°C Recommended Coolant. 50% extended life coolant,

50% de-ionised clean water. Coolant Life 3,000 hours or six years - max


Composite top and bottom radiator tanks

ELC coolant to be used at all times

Cooling SystemAir Charge Cooling/Radiator


Thermostat

Thermostat seal

Flow to radiator

By-passreturn to coolant pump

Cooling SystemThermostat Housing


Coolant Temp Sensor

Inlet Manifold Air Pressure

sensor

Fuel Temp Sensor

Inlet Manifold Air Temp Sensor

Engine Oil and Atmospheric

Pressure Sensors Location of Calibration Probe (Plugged)

23/25/2800 SeriesTemperature and Pressure Sensors


Electronic Control Module

40 Pin Customer Connection (J3)

110 Volt MEUI Solenoid Feeds

ECM “On Engine” Connector (J2)

Cam Speed/Position Sensor

Crank Speed/Position

Sensor

9 Pin DiagnosticConnector

23/2800 SeriesConnections and Speed/Position Sensors


23/25/2800 Series Electrical System

36-1 TOOTHCRANKGEAR

36+1 TOOTHCAM GEAR

Internal Injector Harness

Engine Oil Pressure

Inlet Manifold Sensor

Crank Speed/Timing

Cam Speed/Timing

Atmospheric Pressure Sensor

Calibration Probe

Jack 1 (J1)

Jack 2 (J2)

Fuel Temperature Sensor

Coolant Temperature Sensor

Inlet Manifold Sensor


23/25/2800 ‘On Engine’ Wiring HarnessECM

J2/44 Injector Com m on Cylinders 1 & 2

In jectorCyl 1

In jectorCyl 2

In jectorCyl 3

In jectorCyl 4

In jectorCyl 5

In jectorCyl 6

J2/45J2/46J2/55J2/54J2/39J2/38J2/37J2/36

Injector Com m on Cylinders 3 & 4Injector Com m on Cylinders 5 & 6Injector Cylinder 6Injector Cylinder 5Injector Cylinder 4Injector Cylinder 3Injector Cylinder 2Injector Cylinder 1

576

103

112

12 1

J300 P300

AC

+5VSignal

BReturn

AC

+5VSignal

BReturn

AC

+5VSignal

BReturn

Atm ospheric Pressure Sensor

J2/2J2/14J2/3

J2/24

J2/32

J2/33

J2/35

J2/40

Turbo Outlet Pressure Sensor

Oil Pressure Sensor

J2/18

+5VDC Supply

Analogue Return

Fuel Tem perature

Inlet Air Tem peratureReturn

Inlet Air Tem perature Sensor

CSignalBReturn

Coolant Tem perature Sensor

CSignalBReturn

Fuel Tem perature Sensor

CSignalBReturn

Atm ospheric Pressure

Turbo Outlet Pressure

Oil Pressure

Coolant Tem perature

J2/48J2/49 Crank Speed Tim ing -

2Signal1Return

Crankshaft Position Sensor

Crank Speed Tim ing +

Cam speed tim ing -

Cam shaft Position Sensor

Cam Speed tim ing +J2/58J2/59

2Signal1Return

J2/22J2/232

Signal 1Return

Calibration Probe

Calibration Probe +

Calibration Probe -

P2 J2

P203 J203

P200 J200

P201 J201

J100 P100

J105 P105

J103 P103

J401 P401

J402 P402

J400 P400

All fed from Jack 2 (J2) on the ECM


Connectors – A Reminder:

Always use high quality connectors (Gold/Nickel Plated) Keep connections to a minimum Make sure all rubber seals are correctly fitted Remember…

Bad connections cause resistance!

Resistance causes voltage drop!

Lack of a rubber seal caused thisTo happen to an ECM!


Effects of ‘Bad’ (Resistance) Connections

24v dc Lamp Possible ‘Bad’ Connections

24v dc Lamp Resistors

Has the same effect as….Resistances in circuit

1 volt 2 volt

0.1 volt 1 volt

24v dc

19.9v dc

‘J’ Jack‘P’ Plug

Don’t forget all connections!

Don’t forget all connections!


23/25/2800 Series MEUI Injection

Mechanically actuated by the cam shaft Injection controlled by the 110 Volt Solenoid The length of time the Solenoid is energized, and the

timing of the energization are both controlled by the Electronic Control Module (ECM)

Mechanically ActuatedElectronically ControlledUnitInjector 110 Volt Solenoid


110v dc injector solenoid

“Poppet” ValveShut when energised

23/25/2800 Series MEUI Injector

+ 110v

Supply

Off

-

Flow

‘Poppet’ Valve Principals


Poppet Valve de-energised

‘O’ Rings

Fuelchamber

MEUI Injector


‘O’ Rings

Worn MEUI Injector Poppet Valves

Wear on seat, caused by dirty fuel. Primary Filter 10 microns,

Secondary, 2 microns


Injector ‘trim code’

Injector trim code

Extended lifecoolant

Intakemanifold

Fuel chamber

MEUI Injector Location

Torque setting on solenoid Screws 2.5 Nm (22 lb in)


Electronic Control Module (ECM)

Inside the ECM is the management system that controls Speed Governing Air/Fuel Ratio Start/Stop Sequence Engine Protection Devices Diagnostics 110 Volt Injector Pulses

Jack 2 (J2) all “on engine” mounted components

Jack 1 (J1) Customer interface, power supply etc


Basic System – A3-ECM Interactions

Inputs Outputs

Cables/Connectors

Digital speed Adjust

analogue speed Adjust

PWM speed Adjust

Push buttons/switches

fault reset,injection disable,lower/raise

digital speed, etc,etc

ECM power supply, 24 v

Control

Voltage to operate diagnostic lamps

and crank terminate relay

5 volt + 8 voltPower Supplies

110 Volt DC pulsefor Injectors

Digital output for speed control

Cables/Connectors

Cables/Connectors

Cables/Connectors

ElectronicService

Tool

PDL

PROCESSOR

MEMORY(Engine

Programme)

Power supply for 5 volt

6.5 volts and 8 volts

CAN

J 1939Diagnostic

Code Reader

J 1939Engine Control


2300/2500/2800 ‘Off Engine’ Wiring Diagram

J1- 70 Jack - Customer connection.Also J3 - 40 Jack - Customer connection

M achine Wiring Schematic, All Options

9 P in Perkins DataLink Connector

Notes:

O utputs may be used todrive lamps or re lays.

C rank Terminate should bea re lay used to d isconnectthe starter motor in O EMpanel start circu it.

D iagnostic lamp lightswhen active system fau ltregistered

For fu ll deta ils of inputs/outputs, re fer toInsta lla tion M anual

Action A lert

W arning

D iagnostics

Low O il Pressure

H igh Coolant Temp

O verspeed

Critica l O verride

To PW MSpeed Contro l

ECM

J1/19

J1/20

J1/31

Action A lert Lam p Output

W arning Lam p Output

D iagnostics Lam p Output

J1/28 Oil P ressure Lam p Output

J1/29 Coolant Tem perature Lam p Output

J1/30 Overspeed Lam p Output

J1/18

J1/66J1/5

J1/4

Digital G round

PW M Input

Ground

+8V

J1/67

D E

KeySwitch

C ircu itBreaker (16A)

StarterM otor

Start Button

EmergencyStop Button

5K AnalogueSpeed Setting

Potentiometer orInput from Load

Sharer/Synchroniser

A BG FC

Battery24V DC

+-

HJ

Unswitched Battery Positive

P1 J1

J1/61 Unswitched Battery Negative

J1/63

J1/65

J1/52

J1/53

J1/48

J1/70 Switched Battery Positive

J1/3

J1/17

J1/2

Analogue Ground

Analogue Speed Input

+5V

J1/50

J1/34

J1/42

J1939 Data Link +

J1939 Data Link -

J1939 Screen

J1/8 Perkins Data Link +

J1/9 Perkins Data Link -

J1/55

J1/69

Charg ingAlternator

G RD PO S

U

P

K

O

N

A

BB

WR

B

B

W

R

B

B

B

R

R

R

Y

Y

G

G

N

R

B

680R

680R

This W iring Supplied By OEM

ShutdownJ1/10 Shutdown lam p Output

G

J1/13 Crank Term inate OutputK

Crank Terminate(Engine Running

Signal)

In jection D isable

J1/64 Shutdown Em ergency OverrideK

J1/62 Injection D isableU

O ff - D isabled - S top

O n - Enabled - Run

O ff

O n(D isables O il & W ater shutdowns

when on)

O ff

O n

Unswitched Battery Negative







PowerSupply toServiceTool

M ainBatteryFeed(D irectfromstarter/battery)

(ECM la tched out)

1500/1800rpm Select

D roop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

J1/56

J1/46

J1/41

1500/1800 rpm Select

Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

N

A

Y

1500

1800

Droop

Isoch

O

Raise SpeedJ1/7 Raise Speed

O

J1/49 Digital Speed Control EnableG

J1/59 Lower SpeedPLower Speed

Enable

D ig ita lSpeedContro l

D isableD ig ita l Speed Contro l

C T

PW M

G round

+8V

‘J1 Jack

(Different Diagram)


Some Typical Connections - ECM

Inputs Outputs

ECM Power Supply, 24 v

CONTROLE C M Shutdown

Diagnostics

AnalogueSpeed Adjust Crank Terminate

Injection Disabled

Power Supply, 24 v

+-

+ -

5 volt toSensors

+

-

J1939 PDL + -

Ignition Key Switch

Communications Adapter 24 v


23/2800 Series ECM ‘Jack’ Connections

J1 (Jack 1)Customer Side

J2 (Jack 2)“On Engine” Mounted Components


ECM Grounding

Grounding Always ensure the ground straps are on the Engine and

the ECM is connected to the engine block, via the ‘tag’ to prevent EMI, Electro Magnetic Interference, affecting the interior electronic circuits of the ECM.

Warning! When carrying out welding or electrostatic paint spraying,

special precautions should always be followed. These are listed in the Perkins Mechanical and Electronic

Installation Manual. TSL 4262, & TSL 4247.


Electronic Control Module

Nominal battery supply voltage 18-32 volts (Max 48 for 2 mins) Approximately 2 - 6 amps in typical application 10-15 mA in ‘sleep mode’ (ignition off/ECM power on)

High Reliability. External connectors most vulnerable: bent ‘jacks’, J1, J2 over

tightened ECM plugs etc. No internal fuses or serviceable parts. Never replace an ECM without first connecting Electronic Service Tool

(EST) and carrying out basic diagnostics. The ECM is the last component you should suspect.


2300/2800 Series ECM Power Supplies

M achine W iring Schematic, All Options


Notes:


Crank Terminate should bea re lay used to d isconnectthe starter motor in O EMpanel start circu it.

D iagnostic lamp lightswhen active system faultregistered

For fu ll deta ils of inputs/outputs, re fer toInsta llation M anual

Action A lert

W arning

D iagnostics

Low O il Pressure

H igh Coolant Temp

O verspeed

Critical O verride


ECM

J1/19

J1/20

J1/31



Diagnostics Lam p Output

J1/28 Oil Pressure Lam p Output



J1/18

J1/66J1/5

J1/4

Digital Ground

PW M Input

Ground

+8V

J1/67

D E

KeySwitch


StarterM otor

Start Button




Sharer/Synchroniser

A BG FC

Battery24V DC

+-

HJ


P1 J1


J1/63

J1/65

J1/52

J1/53

J1/48


J1/3

J1/17

J1/2

Analogue Ground


+5V

J1/50

J1/34

J1/42

J1939 Data Link +

J1939 Data Link -

J1939 Screen



J1/55

J1/69

ChargingAlternator

G RD PO S

U

P

K

O

N

A

B

B

W

R

B

B

W

R

B

B

B

R

R

R

Y

Y

G

G

N

R

B

680R

680R



G



Signal)

In jection D isable


J1/62 Injection DisableU


O n - Enabled - Run

O ff


when on)

O ff

O n










(ECM latched out)

1500/1800rpm Select

Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

J1/56

J1/46

J1/41


Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

N

A

Y

1500

1800

Droop

Isoch

O


O



Enable



C T

PW M

G round

+8V

+ to Diagnostics Lamps- to Diagnostics Lamps


Minimum J1 Connections, to run a23/2800 Series

ECM Power Supply, 24 v

ControlECM

Injection Disabled

+ -

Ignition Key Switch

NoteWe do suggest thata connection is made to the Perkins Electronic Service Tool(EST) to allow communicationWith Perkins Data Link (PDL)

What are the Jack connection numbers?


Ignition Circuit

Ignition Key Switch This switch may be used for a controlled engine stop. The ignition

switch does not switch off power to the ECM. The ECM remains connected to the battery via a fuse/circuit breaker, even when the ignition is switched off. Can also be used to reset faults. The Electronic Service Tool (EST) cannot communicate with the ECM when the Ignition switch is off.

Injection Disabled If you want to stop the engine, use the ‘Injection Disabled’. This

allows communication with the service tool (EST) to continue.Emergency Shut-down This button, interrupts the main battery power supply to the ECM and

stops the engine. Not Recommended, Don’t forget the ECM is a computer, you do not just ‘chop off ’ the power.


23/25/2800 Series Engine Mounted Sensors

Engine coolant temperature. Inlet manifold air temperature. Fuel temperature. Inlet manifold air pressure. Atmospheric/crankcase pressure. Engine oil pressure. Camshaft/crankshaft speed/timing.

Calibration probe (only in special circumstances)


32

33

35

18

ECM

Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor


Signal Voltage

Signal Voltage

0 Volts

Inlet Air Temperature SensorSignal Voltage

2300/2800 Series – Temperature Sensors


18

ECM

Temperature SensorR

5 Volts

0 Volts

Signal

Ground

23/2800 Series Temperature Sensor Operation


Engine Coolant Temperature SensorEST Code 110

Temperature can be viewed through the ECM in °C/°F via: J1939 CAN link Perkins Data Link (PDL)

The sensor enables the cold start strategy

Also enables the calculation of the fuel limit and engine timing

Engine protection, Warning, Action Alert and Shutdown.

Coolant Temperature Sensor


Engine Coolant Temperature SensorEST Code 110 (Typical Temperature Sensor graph)

110-4 Signal shorted to a lower voltage (voltage under 0.2)

110-3 Signal shorted to a higher voltage or open circuit (voltage over 4.8)

Vo

lts

Temperature

0.2

4.8

Shutdown Temp 361 (3)

Very cold Temp

Action Alert Temp 361 (2)

Warning Temp 361 (1)


Manifold Air Inlet Temperature SensorEST Code 174 Temperature can be viewed

through the ECM in °C/°F via: J1939 CAN link. Perkins Data Link (PDL)

The sensor enables the cold start strategy.

Also enables the calculation of the fuel limit and engine timing

Engine protection, warning and Action Alert.

Manifold Air Inlet Sensor

High inlet air temperatures lead to high exhaust temperatures, which can cause damage to exhaust system components (such as turbochargers and exhaust valves)


Engine Fuel Temperature SensorEST Code 174

Higher Temperature lower mass Lower Temperature greater mass Temperature can be viewed through

the ECM in °C/°F via: J1939 CAN link Perkins Data Link (PDL)

Also enables the calculation of the

fuel limit and engine timing. Protection, Warning and Action Alert.



Voltage between 1 and 2

Wiring harness plug connections (check the harness to ECM)

21

Fuel Temperature SensorCoolant Temperature Sensor

Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor

Temperature Sensor Feeds, Harness Voltages


32

33

2

35

18

3

2ECM ‘Jack 2’

Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor


Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor

Fault 1…………………………. Fault 2………………………….Fault 3………………………….

Break

1

2300/2800 Series SensorsDifferent Fault Codes and How they could be Created


2

3

40

24

14

ECM J2

Engine Oil Pressure Sensor

Intake Manifold Air Pressure Sensor

5 Volts

Signal Voltage

0 Volts

Signal Voltage

Atmospheric/Crankcase Pressure Sensor

Signal Voltage

2300/2800 Series Pressure Sensors


2

3

ECM J2

Pressure Sensor R

5 Volt

6.5 Volts

0 Volts

Sensor ‘Fly Lead’ Main Engine Harness

23/25/2800 Series Pressure Sensor Operation


Inlet Manifold Air Pressure SensorEST Code 273 - (Code also known as Turbo Boost!)

Pressure can be viewed in PSI and Kpa through the ECM via: J1939 CAN link Perkins Data Link (PDL)

Used to determine mass air flow Enables the calculation of the correct

air/fuel ratio Used for smoke limiting strategy Range 52 Kpa Abs. 472 Kpa Abs Protection- Warning and Action Alert.

Inlet Manifold Air Pressure Sensor


Inlet Manifold Air Pressure Sensor

Inlet Manifold Air Pressure Values

2800 Kpa Gauge

1800 rpmFull load 2951/2 Load 1261500 rpmFull Load 249 263 Half TA Luft

1/2 Load 94 95

2300 Kpa Gauge

1800 rpmFull load 2051/2 Load 1191500 rpmFull Load 195 234 Half TA Luft

1/2 Load 71 71


Engine Oil Pressure SensorEST Code 100

Pressure can be viewed in PSI and Kpa through the ECM via: J1939 CAN link Perkins Data Link (PDL)

Protection,Warning,Action Alert Protection ‘mapped’ Range 106 Kpa to 1135 Kpa



Engine Oil Pressure SensorEST Code 100 (Typical Pressure Sensor graph)

100-4 Signal shorted to a lower voltage (less than 0.2 volts)

100-3 Shorted to a higher voltage or open circuit (over 4.8 volts)

Volt

s

Pressure

0.2

4.8

Warning Pressure – E360-1

Action Alert Oil Pressure – E360-3


Atmospheric (Crankcase) Pressure SensorEST Code 274

Pressure can be viewed in PSI and Kpa, ‘absolute’ through the ECM via: J1939 CAN link. Perkins Data Link (PDL)

Used to calibrate the Inlet Air and Oil Pressure Sensors.

With ‘Critical Override’ active, if the sensor fails the engine will Derate by 10%.

Range 40 Kpa A to 116 Kpa A

Atmospheric Pressure Sensor


2800 Series De-rate Information

The 2306 / 2806 series engine electronic control, does not automatically de-rate at high altitudes or high ambient temperatures

The de-rate information for thisengine can be obtained fromPerkins EnginesApplications Department

These de-rate limits mustbe adhered to or severeengine damage may result


Atmospheric/Crankcase Pressure Sensor (DT06-3S) Oil Pressure Sensor (DT06-3S) Intake Manifold Air Pressure Sensor (DT06-3S)

C

AB

Voltage between A and B Voltage between B and C Voltage between A and C

Pressure Sensor Feeds, Harness Voltages

Wiring Harness Plug Connections,

(Checks the harness to ECM)


2300/2800 Series SensorsDifferent Fault Codes and How they could be Created

2

3

40

24

14

3

2

ECM J2


Intake Manifold Air Pressure Sensor

5 Volts

Signal Voltage

0 Volts

Signal Voltage

Atmospheric/Crankcase Pressure Sensor

Signal Voltage

1

Fault 1…………………………. Fault 2………………………….Fault 3………………………….


Crankshaft Gear 36 - 1 tooth

Crankshaft Speed/Position SensorEST Code 190


Camshaft Gear 36 + 1 tooth

Camshaft Speed/Position SensorEST Code 342 (Speed and timing Sensor 2)


Crankshaft Sensor Resistance between 1 and 2

Camshaft Sensor Resistance between 1 and 2

Run Engine and Measure output AC Voltage or Frequency from each Sensor - one at a time

21

21

Crankshaft Speed/Position Sensor ‘fly lead’

Camshaft Speed/Position Sensor ‘fly lead’

Checking Speed/Position Sensors


Additional Sensors/Senders

Oil pressure sender CV18339/3 and adapter 3Y-2888

Coolant temperature sender CV18338/5 and adapter OE51375

Speed Sensor CV18338 and Harness CV18965

Coolant Level switch


Oil Pressure Switch

TemperatureSwitch

Coolant Level sensor

Additional Engine Sensors/Senders


2800 Wiring Diagram

Customer side (Jack 1) Outputs - may be used to drive lamps or

relays. (0.3 A, 1.0 A and 1.5 A) Crank terminate should be a relay to

monitor starter motor in the OEM panel Diagnostic lamp, lights when active fault

code registered, or any of the outputs are disconnected/open circuit

Inputs - injection disable, RPM select, digital speed control, raise/lower, droop/isochronous, etc

For full details of inputs and outputs refer to the installation manual(2800,TSL 4262. 2300, TSL 4267)This drawing for indication only!



Notes:





Action A lert

W arning

D iagnostics

Low O il Pressure

H igh Coolant Temp

O verspeed

Critica l O verride


ECM

J1/19

J1/20

J1/31







J1/18

J1/66J1/5

J1/4

Digital G round

PW M Input

Ground

+8V

J1/67

D E

KeySwitch


StarterM otor

Start Button




Sharer/Synchroniser

A BG FC

Battery24V DC

+-

HJ


P1 J1


J1/63

J1/65

J1/52

J1/53

J1/48


J1/3

J1/17

J1/2

Analogue Ground


+5V

J1/50

J1/34

J1/42

J1939 Data Link +

J1939 Data Link -

J1939 Screen



J1/55

J1/69

Charg ingAlternator

G RD PO S

U

P

K

O

N

A

B

B

W

R

B

B

W

R

B

B

B

R

R

R

Y

Y

G

G

N

R

B

680R

680R



G



Signal)

In jection D isable




O n - Enabled - Run

O ff


when on)

O ff

O n










(ECM la tched out)

1500/1800rpm Select

D roop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

J1/56

J1/46

J1/41


Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

N

A

Y

1500

1800

Droop

Isoch

O


O



Enable



C T

PW M

G round

+8V


Gen-Set Desired Engine Speed/Load Control

The software in the ECM provides the flexibility to cater for Four types of control.

Digital Control Pulse Width Modulated Analogue Control CAN J1939 Control

Typical Pressure Sensor


Digital Speed/Load Control

Enables speed control by digital load-sharing and synchronizing equipment

The Engine can interface directly with manual synchronizing selector switches, relays or push buttons

When the ECM is working on Digital Speed Control

there are three inputs that can be used. Digital Speed Control Enable Digital Speed Control Ramp Rate Digital Speed Control Raise/Lower


Digital Speed/Load Control

Digital speed control (enable/disable) Lower speed (pushbutton/relay contact) Raise speed (pushbutton/relay contact)

Digital speed control ramp rate, (default 10 rpm/sec) This can be adjusted via the Electronic Service Tool Speed adjustment ranges +150 –150 rpm

Machine Wiring Schematic, All Options


Notes:





Action A lert

W arning

D iagnostics

Low O il Pressure

H igh Coolant Temp

O verspeed

Critica l O verride


ECM

J1/19

J1/20

J1/31







J1/18

J1/66J1/5

J1/4

Digital G round

PW M Input

Ground

+8V

J1/67

D E

KeySwitch


StarterM otor

Start Button




Sharer/Synchron iser

A BG FC

Battery24V DC

+-

HJ


P1 J1


J1/63

J1/65

J1/52

J1/53

J1/48


J1/3

J1/17

J1/2

Analogue Ground


+5V

J1/50

J1/34

J1/42

J1939 Data Link +

J1939 Data Link -

J1939 Screen



J1/55

J1/69

Charg ingAlternator

G RD PO S

U

P

K

O

N

A

B

B

W

R

B

B

W

R

B

B

B

R

R

R

Y

Y

G

G

N

R

B

680R

680R



G



Signal)

In jection D isab le




O n - Enabled - Run

O ff

O n(D isab les O il & W ater shutdowns

when on)

O ff

O n










(ECM la tched out)

1500/1800rpm Select

D roop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

J1/56

J1/46

J1/41


Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

N

A

Y

1500

1800

Droop

Isoch

O


O



Enable


D isab leD ig ita l Speed Contro l

C T

PW M

G round

+8V


2300/2800 Series PWM Speed Control

Intended for use with a customers load-sharing unit The PWM signal 500 Hz, duty cycle 10-90% Speed adjustment –24% to +8% (0% is rated speed)

For 50 Hz 1141 to 1621 rpm For 60 Hz 1369 to 1945 rpm Typical Pressure Sensor

Note for Calibration:

If the PWM input is selected on the configuration screen but not connected on the OEM’s side, the ECM will default the speed to 1100,

(and log a diagnostic code 91-8)


2300/2800 Series Analogue Speed Control

Speed adjustment –10% to +10% (0% is rated speed) For 50 Hz 1350 to 1650 rpm For 60 Hz 1620 to 1980 rpm

Typical Pressure Sensor Note for Calibration:If the Analogue input is selected on the configuration screen but not connected on the OEM’s side, the ECM will default the speed to 1100, (and log a diagnostic code 1690-8)


2300/2800 Series Analogue Speed Adjustments

Resistive track potentiometer

Provide linear voltage output (0.5v to 4.5v)

Two series resistors

keep voltage away from fault region

Volt

ag

e o

/p

4.5V

-10% +10%

0.5VFault Region

Fault Region

1500/1800 RPM

Rated Speed


Engine Speed/Ratings Selection Engine Rating,Duties,Speed can be set within limits set by the torque maps The rating of the Engine is selectable via the EST in ‘Configuration’ The Function will be selected at the time of manufacture or in service via the

Electronic Service Tool.

For example: 2300 Series - 2306C-E14TAG2, 2306C-E14TAG3

The ECM has torque limit maps: 1500 rpm prime power 1800 rpm prime power 1500 rpm base load - continuous 1800 rpm base load - continuous 1500 rpm standby maximum power 1800 rpm standby maximum power


2800 Series Engine Protection

There are three alarm levels provided which are defined as: Level 1 - Operator Warning

To warn the operator or machine control system of a possible condition within the ECM control system that requires the operators attention.

Level 2 – Action (called De-rate or Alert)To inform the operator or machine control system to take action to enable the proper control of the system (i.e. to externally de-rate or reduce speed). This is normally used by the OEM to stop the engine.

Level 3 – ShutdownTo inform the operator or machine control system that the ECM has shutdown due to an operating condition reaching an unacceptable level; or if in the ‘critical override’ condition, that the product is now operating in a condition outside of its scope of supply and may cause injury or be damaged in such a way as to invalidate the warranty


Protection Device Warning Action Alert Shutdown

High Coolant Temp

Low Oil Pressure

Engine Over-speed

Inlet Manifold Air Pressure

High Inlet Manifold Air Temp

High Fuel Temp

There is not a warning, alert, shutdown on atmospheric – it purely logs a diagnostic code, the diagnostic lamp comes on, the oil pressure is then invalid and we trigger the oil pressure lamp and the shutdown

Warnings, Action Alert and Shutdown


2800 Series Lamp Outputs The ECM provides individual outputs to drive warning lamps and/or relays to indicate each of the following fault conditions:

Active Fault Codes (Diagnostics) High Coolant Temperature Low Oil Pressure Over-speed Level 1 (Warning) Level 2 (Action Alert) Level 3 (Shutdown)

Lamp Outputs.

The outputs have a maximum current value as below.

Shutdown and Crank Terminate = 1.5 amps.

Action Alert and Warning = 1 amp.

Diagnostics, Oil Pressure, Coolant Temperature, Overspeed = 0.3 amps.


Customer OutputsMachine Wiring Schematic, All Options


Notes:





Action A lert

W arning

D iagnostics

Low O il Pressure

H igh Coolant Temp

O verspeed

Critica l O verride


ECM

J1/19

J1/20

J1/31







J1/18

J1/66J1/5

J1/4

Digital Ground

PW M Input

Ground

+8V

J1/67

D E

KeySwitch


StarterM otor

Start Button




Sharer/Synchroniser

A BG FC

Battery24V DC

+-

HJ


P1 J1


J1/63

J1/65

J1/52

J1/53

J1/48


J1/3

J1/17

J1/2

Analogue Ground


+5V

J1/50

J1/34

J1/42

J1939 Data Link +

J1939 Data Link -

J1939 Screen



J1/55

J1/69

Charg ingAlternator

G RD PO S

U

P

K

O

N

A

B

B

W

R

B

B

W

R

B

B

B

R

R

R

Y

Y

G

G

N

R

B

680R

680R



G



Signal)

In jection D isable


J1/62 Injection DisableU


O n - Enabled - Run

O ff


when on)

O ff

O n










(ECM latched out)

1500/1800rpm Select

D roop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

J1/56

J1/46

J1/41


Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

N

A

Y

1500

1800

Droop

Isoch

O


O



Enable



C T

PW M

G round

+8V

- Negative+ Positive


Injection Disable/Critical Override

When critical override has been enabled in the service tool - the switch when 'open' allows the protection to be over ridden, the switch when closed enables the normal protection - the diagram reads the opposite. The idea was that if you've enabled a feature to over ride protection and the wire drops off then the fail safe results in you being able to run to destruction.

‘Critical Override’ Not Recommended, ignores oil pressure, coolant temperature, atmospheric pressure shutdowns when on



Notes:





Action A lert

W arning

D iagnostics

Low O il Pressure

H igh Coolant Temp

O verspeed

Critical O verride


ECM

J1/19

J1/20

J1/31





J1/29 Coolant Tem perature Lam p O utput


J1/18

J1/66J1/5

J1/4

Digital G round

PW M Input

Ground

+8V

J1/67

D E

KeySwitch


StarterM otor

Start Button




Sharer/Synchroniser

A BG FC

Battery24V DC

+-

HJ


P1 J1


J1/63

J1/65

J1/52

J1/53

J1/48


J1/3

J1/17

J1/2

Analogue Ground


+5V

J1/50

J1/34

J1/42

J1939 Data Link +

J1939 Data Link -

J1939 Screen



J1/55

J1/69

ChargingAlternator

G RD PO S

U

P

K

O

N

A

B

B

W

R

B

B

W

R

B

B

B

R

R

R

Y

Y

G

G

N

R

B

680R

680R


ShutdownJ1/10 Shutdown lam p O utput

G

J1/13 Crank Term inate O utputK


Signal)

In jection D isable

J1/64 Shutdown Em ergency O verrideK



O n - Enabled - Run

O ff


when on)

O ff

O n










(ECM latched out)

1500/1800rpm Select

D roop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

J1/56

J1/46

J1/41


Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

N

A

Y

1500

1800

Droop

Isoch

O


O



Enable



C T

PW M

G round

+8V

+ 24 Volts


2800 Series Switch Inputs

1500/1800 rpm Selection Switch to ground to select 1800 rpm. Enabling of this input is controlled

via the Electronic Service Tool (EST)

Droop/Isochronous Switch to ground for droop governing. Enabling of this switch input and

Percentage droop is set using the EST

Fault Reset This switch is used for clearing faults after an engine shutdown, switch to

ground for fault reset.(Faults cleared by turning the Ignition Switch off/on)


Electronic Fault Diagnostics

Electronic Service Tool (EST) Electronic Diagnostic Device (EDD) Generic Engine Monitor (GEM) Diagnostic Manual TSD 3453 Trouble Shooting Guide (TSG) Perkins Technical Marketing Information (PTMI) Workshop Manual TSD 3450 Installation Manual TSL 4262


Electronic Fault DiagnosticsGeneric Engine Monitor (GEM 2200)Part Number 2800A003 Compact Robust Module, connects via J1939 CAN Several Languages Analogue Gauges Digital Readout Graphs Active Diagnostic Codes Audible Alarm 12/24 Volt Operation


9 Pin (Deutsch) Diagnostic Connector

Machine Wiring Schematic, All Options


Notes:





Action A lert

W arning

D iagnostics

Low O il Pressure

H igh Coolant Temp

O verspeed

Critica l O verride


ECM

J1/19

J1/20

J1/31







J1/18

J1/66J1/5

J1/4

Digital G round

PW M Input

Ground

+8V

J1/67

D E

KeySwitch


StarterM otor

Start Button




Sharer/Synchroniser

A BG FC

Battery24V DC

+-

HJ


P1 J1


J1/63

J1/65

J1/52

J1/53

J1/48


J1/3

J1/17

J1/2

Analogue Ground


+5V

J1/50

J1/34

J1/42

J1939 Data Link +

J1939 Data Link -

J1939 Screen



J1/55

J1/69

ChargingAlternator

G RD PO S

U

P

K

O

N

A

B

B

W

R

B

B

W

R

B

B

B

R

R

R

Y

Y

G

G

N

R

B

680R

680R



G



Signal)

In jection D isable




O n - Enabled - Run

O ff


when on)

O ff

O n










(ECM latched out)

1500/1800rpm Select

D roop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

J1/56

J1/46

J1/41


Droop/Isochronous

Fault Reset

N

A

Y

1500

1800

Droop

Isoch

O


O



Enable



C T

PW M

G round

+8V

Screen - Unused

Used for Diagnostic Code Reader/Generic Engine Monitor, (CAN)Controller Area Network, SAE J1939Genset Control

Used for Electronic Service ToolPerkins Data Link (PDL)


Electronic Engine Diagnostics Electronic Service Tool (EST) computer based.

Many functions, reading of temperature, speed, pressures, etc Genuine network only (including some OEM’s and Dealers) Configuration settings, histograms, graphing, data log, etc Installing/downloading ‘flash files’ and full engine diagnostics.

Electronic Diagnostic Device, (EDD). Reads J 1939 Codes, available to anyone. Not a substitute for the EST. Ability to control Engine Speed Remotely


Electronic Service Tool (EST)

An element of TIPSS The Integrated Product Support Solution Common for all future Perkins Engines Hardware and software required Computer/Communications adapter Annual subscription Restricted to genuine networks


Diagnostic Fault Codes

Active Diagnostic Codes Any fault that is currently ‘Active’ on the engine.

Logged Diagnostic Codes Faults that have occurred, ‘Logged’ and been repaired.Logged Event Codes Problems ‘Events’ that could cause permanent damage

110 3

FMICIDComponent/circuit

identifierFailure mode

identifier

Engine coolant temperature

E 361-1 High Engine Coolant Temperature (Warning)

E 361-2 High Engine Coolant Temperature (Action Alert)

E 361-3 High Engine Coolant Temperature (Shutdown)


This Procedure is only necessary if the Diagnostic Code is present: The engine may run rough, emit white smoke or they may be no

noticeable performance effects

If the ECM has been replaced and you are unable to take data from existing ECM, or if repairs have been completed to the engine drive train or possibly replaced Speed/Timing sensors

The engine must be running at 1100 rpm for ECM calibration.

261-13 Engine Timing Calibration Required

23/25/2800 Speed/Timing Calibration


The probe measures the angular position of the crankshaft and compares this to the measurement coming from the Camshaft Speed/Timing Sensor.

The ECM then makes a correction or calibration if necessary

1mm (0.040in)

Timing Calibration Probe Installation


Crankcase TDC Ref PointCrankshaft TDC Ref Position Crankcase Calibration access blank plug

ECM Calibration ref position

Distance between TDC position and ECM Calibration position approx 100/125 mm

Calibration slot

ECM Timing Calibration Location Position


2300/2800 Series Immersion Heater

110V/240V immersion heaters and thermostat. Rated at 1500W, thermostat temperature range of 38 to 49°C

Immersion Heater

Element Position

Route harness to avoid heat from the exhaust

manifold/turbocharger

Thermostat Sensor

Connect to: 110/240 Volt Power Supply

Immersion Heater Element


2300/2800 Series Cold Start Mode

Timing Advance The ECM provides automatic timing advance in cold weather to

compensate for the increased ignition delay of cold fuel and cold air Several conditions exist in cold engines which cause increased white

smoke from incomplete combustionConditions Triggered below 18 Deg C The inlet air is cold. The fuel is cold and does not ignite as easily Longer Ignition delay. The piston, cylinder wall and head are cold. The cold fuel does not burn as rapidly


2800 Series Governor Stability -

Establish how much governor instability (rpm above and below rated speed) (Increasing governor proportional gain - hunt duration will Increase) (Decreasing governor proportional gain - hunt duration will Decrease)

Adjustments 20 rpm below rated speed - adjust min stability and reduce proportional gain 20 rpm above rated speed - adjust max stability and reduce proportional gain

Typical 2806 Governor proportional gain - 26,214 (range 1 - 39999) Governor maximum stability factor - 3146 Governor minimum stability factor - 1573 Type in value ‘O’ and configuration will return to its default value

Note: Altering values can affect steady state and transient speed/response

Make sure ‘Overspeed’ is configured with the EST


If you need Technical advice contact our dedicated Engineers

Use the Request Formon the Perkins Secured Internet

http://www.perkins.com/perkins/cda/technicalSupportRequest/1,4077,,00.html

OrSend an email to

[email protected]

For URGENT queries only, telephone +44 (0)1733 582858


23/25/2800 Series End of Course Questions

1. What reference voltage do we use to power the analogue speed adjustment, what are the ‘Jack’ numbers?

2. What application could use ‘Critical Override?

3. What would happen if I disconnected the oil pressure sensor?

4. What is the description for these fault codes: 110-3/100-4?

5. What could be the cause of the above faults?

6. What is the preferred method of stopping the engine?

7. Name the two sensors that monitor engine speed/position?

8. Will the engine still start with one speed/position sensor disconnected?


23/25/2800 Series End of Course Questions (cont/d)

9. What does PWM stand for?

10. What type of Thermistor is in the temperature sensors?

11. What are the ‘Jack’ connections for the ECM power supply?

12. What voltage would I expect between ‘Jacks A,B,C,on the harness feeding the pressure sensors?

13. What voltage is expected across the temperature sensor ‘plug’ with the sensor disconnected?

14. Why are diodes fitted across relays in an electronic engine?

15. A pressure sensor power supply open circuit will create which code?

16. How can I achieve 1100 RPM to calibrate the timing?

235553634-2800-electronic-mech-jan07

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