PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF 25,000 TONNES (APPROXIMATE) DEADWEIGHT GENERAL CARGO/CONTAINER VESSEL OF

SERVICE SPEED 16.0 KNOTS

PRESENTED By

Ramakrishna. B

M.tech NAVAL ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. Cdr . V.V.RAO

OBJECTIVES

Owners requirements or Mission requirements

Proportions and preliminary powering Hull form, hydrostatics Free board estimation Structure, scantlings Powering Weight estimation, capacities

OWNERS REQUIREMENTS Type of vessel : General cargo/container vessel Speed : 16 knots DWT : 25000 tonnes Number of day’s travel : 60days Route : with in coastal waters

Proportions and preliminary powering

Basic design of General Cargo/container vessel Parent ship analysis Finalization of main dimensions Preliminary general arrangement plan

Basic design of General Cargo /Container vessel

Introduction: The general cargo ship is the most primitive type of

ship and it is designated so because of its ability to carry packaged items like chemicals, foods, furniture, machinery, motor vehicles, footwear, garments, etc.

The general cargo ship design to capable of carrying all of its cargo in unitized containers is designated as the full container ship. Standard types of containers 20ft,40ft in length 8ft x 8ft

Basic Design of the Ship

The main dimensions of the ship influence many of the ships characteristics such as stability, hold capacity, power requirements and its economic efficiency.

Basic design of General Cargo /Container vessel

The economic factor is of prime importance in designing a ship. An owner requires a ship, which will give him the best possible returns for his initial investment and running costs.

Basic design includes selection of ship dimensions, hull form, amount of power and type of engine, preliminary arrangement of hull and machinery, and major structural arrangement.

PARENT SHIP ANALYSIS

SHIPS OF SPEED AROUND 16 KNOTS AT VARYING DWT (23000 ±26000 TONNES)DWT

(tonnes) Speed (knots)

LBP(m)Breadth(m

)Depth(m) Draft(m) TEU Power(KW)  

26763 20.80 195.10 26.50 16.30 10.50 1063 17212  

26230 15.00 158.00 27.60 13.42 9.68 1022 7503  

25938 18.50 166.95 27.50 14.30 10.50 1799 10000  

25082 16.50 160.03 25.40 15.52 9.96 1229 6804  

24938 18.50 175.00 27.30 16.26 10.08 914 11180  

24815 15.00 168.00 22.86 14.30 10.35 626 7282  

24500 16.00 181.62 22.90 14.18 10.20 598 7003  

24274 15.50 167.42 22.85 14.00 10.48 750 8238  

23618 16.00 167.67 23.36 14.23 10.40 434 9195  

23443 14.50 155.45 22.86 14.18 10.10 707 5737  

Finalization of main dimensions

LENGTH BETWEEN PERPENDUICULARS (L.B.P) = 172.9 m MOULDED BREADTH (B) = 26.7 m MOULDED DEPTH (D) = 15.22 m MOULDED DRAFT (d) = 11.02 m SPEED = 16Knots DISPALCEMENT AT MOULDED DRAFT ()(tones) = 37544.31 VOLUME OF DISPLACEMENT AT MOULDED DRAFT () = 36628.6 m3

BLOCK COEFFICIENT OF FINENESS (CB) = 0.72

MIDSHIP SECTION AREA COEFFICIENT (CM) = 0.98

WATER PLANE AREA COEFFICIENT (CW) = 0.82

LONGITUDINAL PRISMATIC COEFFICIENT (CPL) = 0.73

VERTICAL PRISMATIC COEFFICIENT (CPV) = 0.87

PRELIMINARY GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN

HULL FORM, HYDROSTATICSFINALIZATION OF HULL FORM USING B.S.R.A.

RESULTSBODY PLAN AFT

BODY PLAN FWD

PROFILE AND HALF BREADTH PLAN

TRIBON SOFTWARE MODAL FROM BASIC LINES

HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS FROM THE MODAL @0.00 TRIM

LIGHT SHIP CONDITION FROM TRIBON SOFT WARE

TONNAGE MEASUREMENT OF SHIP

NO OF

DIVISIONS

PART 1

PART 2

PART 3

25% OF TL

50 % 0F TL

25% OF TL

88

8

NO OF DIVISIONS :

Sectional area curve is drawn upto tonnage deck taking the sectional area at ordinate stations. Areas of part-1, 2 and 3 are measured and thus volume is measured

Part 1 volume = 7599.33, Part 2 = 36572.068 and Part-3= 7538.54

TONNAGE MEASUREMENT OF SHIP

Total volume up to the tonnage

deck=V 1 +V 2+V3=7599.33+36572.068+7538.54 =51709.93m3

Gross registered tonnage =K1 x V

K1 =0.2+ 0.02 Log 10V

K1 =0.2+ 0.02 Log 10 51709.93= 0.29427 Gross registered tonnage up to main deck =

0.29427 x 51709.93= 15216.68 Tons Crew accommodation rules are based on Gross registered

tonnage. So, Gross registered tonnage is calculated upto the tonnage deck. When the volume above tonnage deck is condensed, Gross registered tonnage may be amid 25000 tonnes so I have taken crew accommodation for Gross registered tonnage under 25000 tonnes.

FREEBOARD CALCULATION AS PER LOAD LINE REGULATION

Freeboard Calculation Procedure:

Sectional areas are lifted at 85% of the least molded depth

85% of molded depth =15.22 0.85=12.93m Sectional areas lifted at 85% of the least molded depth from Tribon modal

Sectional Area properties from the Tribon modalDraft 12.93 mTrim 0.000 mVolume 42920.236 m3

LCB 87.698 meters

FREEBOARD CALCULATION AS PER LOAD LINE REGULATION

FINAL FREEBOARD = 3674.03 mm = 3.68 m Moulded draft = freeboard depth – freeboard = 15.22-3.68

= 11.54 m MOULDED DRAFT = 11.54 m

SECTIONAL AREAS LIFTED AT MOULDED DRAFT (11.54 M)

Sectional Area Curve PropertiesDraft 11.540 mTrim 0.000 mVolume 37489.679 m^3LCB 88.311 meters

FINALISED PARTICULARS OF THE SHIP 1) LENGTH BETWEEN PARTICULARS -172.9 M 2) LENGTH OVERALL -181.08 M 3) BREADTH (MOULDED) -26.7 M 4) DEPTH (MOULDED) -15.22 M 5) DRAUGHT (MOULDED) -11.56 M 6) BLOCK COEFFICIENT OF FINENESS -0.72 7) MIDSHIP SECTION AREA COEFFICIENT -0.996 8) WATER PLANE AREA CO-EFFICIENT -0.827 9) VERTICAL PRISMATIC CO-EFFICIENT -0.712 10) LONGITUDINAL PRISMATIC CO-EFFICIENT -0.858 9) VOLUME OF DISPLACEMENT between AP and FP -

37489.679 m3

10) DISPLACEMENT -38426.92 TONNES

MID SHIP SECTION

MID SHIP SECTION

Bottom shell plating – strakes of plating – width and thickness.

Side shell plating – width and thickness. Deck plating –width and thickness of each

strake. Tank top plating – width and thickness of

each strake Side girder. Section through solid floor. Section through bracket floor. Bottom shell and tank top longitudinals.

POWERING

RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS

When a ship is moving with velocity V, the effect of this forward motion is to generate dynamic pressures on the hull which modify the original normal static pressure and if the forces arising from this modified pressure system resolved in the fore and aft direction it will be found that there is a resultant which opposes the motion of the ship through the water.

The total resistance coefficient of the ship CT = 2 2

1VS

RT

Total resistance coefficient C T = CF + CR + CA

FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT (CF): CF = 210 2log

075.0

nR

CF = 1.43 10-3

RESISTANCE CALCULATIONSRESIDUARY RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT (CR):

Air and steering resistance:

Air resistance 10 3 CAA =. 07

Steering resistance 10 3 CAS =. 04

TOTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT : CT = CR + CF + CA + CAA +CAS

CT = (1.14+1.43+0.075+0.07+0.04) 10-3

CT =2.70×10-3

TOTAL RESISTANCE:( RT)

RT= CT × ×S ×V2 × 1/2

= (.00270×1021 ×6902.74× 8.2304 2 ) / 2

RT’ = 656.243 KN

Total resistance can be calculated as RT = CT. ½ S V2

Total Resistance = resistance at speed of 14 knots +15% allowance RT = 743.17KN

POWER: Effective power

PE = RT X V = 743.17 8.2304 = 6116.6 KW

103CR = 1.14

THE RESISTANCE AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS

Service Speed (Knots) 14 15 16 17 18

Service Speed (m/s) 7.2016 7.716 8.230 8.7448 9.2592

Froude Number (V/ ) 0.17 0.18 0.196 0.21 0.22

Reynolds Number (VL / ν)1535.44x106 1645.11x106 1754.80x106 1864.46x106 1974.13x106

FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT (CF)      

103 CF Value (From ITTC formulae) 1.450 1.440 1.430 1.410 1.400

RESIDUARY RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT (CR)      

Slenderness Ratio (LOS / 1/3) 5.41 5.41 5.41 5.41 5.41

Standard 103 CR Value (from graph) 0.69 0.78 0.93 1.02 1.2

B / T Correction to (103 CR) std -0.029 -0.029 -0.029 -0.029 -0.029

LCB Correction to Standard 103 CR 0.04 0.05 0.0648 0.09 0.22

Bow Correction to Standard 103 CR 0.102 0.09 0.0800 0.07 -0.09

Bossing Corre to Standard 103 CR 0.03 0.038 0.0465 0.052 0.06

Resultant 103 CR Value 0.833 0.929 1.0923 1.203 1.361

INCREMENTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT (CA)      

Scale Factor Resistance coefficient(CA1) 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075

Air Resistance coefficient (CAA) 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07

Steering Resistance coefficient (CAS) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04         

Total resistance coefficient (Ct) x103 2.468 2.554 2.707 2.798 2.946Total Resistant (RT) (KN) 518.702 616.198 743.179 867.087 1023.516

Effective Power (PE= RT*V)(KW) 3735.487 4754.585 6116.660 7582.501 9476.942

gL

PROPELLER DESIGN

ESTIMATION OF WAKE FRACTION:

Wake Fraction, wT = 0.324

THRUST DEDUCTION FRACTION (t):

Thrust Deduction fraction, t =0. 242

VELOCITY OF ADVANCE: VA = VS (1 – wT) == 5.56 m/s

THRUST REQUIRED: T =980.44KN

RT=As in Resistance calculation at 16 knots

QUASI PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY: D = H R O = PE / PD

=1.12 1.09 0.585=0.71

D = 0.71

PROPELLER DESIGN FINALIZED PARTICULARS :1. DIAMETER (DP) = 7.42 m

2. PITCH (P) = 5.12 m

3. BLADE AREA RATIO (B.A.R) = 0.544. DISC AREA (A0) = =30.19m2

5. EXPANDED BLADE AREA (AE) = B.A.R A0= 0.55 x30.19= 16.60m

6. PROPELLER R.P.M. (N) = 82 rev / min 7 NUMBER OF BLADES = 48 DELIVERED POWER = 9 SHAFT POWER = 7956.55KW10 ENGINE DELIVERED POWER = 8614.59KW

KW46.8155

WEIGHT ESTIMATION, CAPACITIES

ESTIMATION OF LIGHT SHIP WEIGHT: STEEL WEIGHT: W steel weight =5522.0 tonnes.

WOOD AND OUTFIT WEIGHT:1979.24 Tonnes MACHINERY WEIGHT: 688.32 tonnes

TOTAL LIGHT SHIP WEIGHT = 8189.16 tonnes Dead Weight check: Displacement up to load water line = volume of

displacement x 1.025 = 37489.679 x 1.025 = 38426.92 Tonnes

Dead Weight = Displacement – Light ship weight

= 38426.92 -8189.16 = 28243.08 tonnes

Deadweight = 30228.76 Tonnes

CARGO HOLD CAPACITIES

CARGO HOLD -1 = Vol= 2140.63M3, LCG =154.21M

VCG =9.348M CARGO HOLD -2 = Vol= 7468M3

, LCG =136.053M

VCG =8.858M CARGO HOLD -3 = Vol= 8653.29M3

, LCG =112.741M

VCG =8.459M CARGO HOLD -4 = Vol= 8725.69M3

, LCG =88.79M

VCG =88.79M CARGO HOLD -5 = Vol= 8599.11M3

, LCG =64.916M

VCG =8.48M CARGO HOLD -6 = Vol= 7493.15M3

, LCG =41.39M

VCG =8.945M

SCANTLING CALCULATIONS ACCORDING TO I.R.S. RULESPART-3 GENERAL HULL REQUIREMENTS

REFERENCES

PRINCIPLES OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE - EDWARD LEWIS SHIP DESIGN FOR EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY - SCHNEEKLUTH’SPRINCIPLES OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE -RAWSON ANS TUPPERIRS, ABS, LRS, SOLAS, ILLC, IMCA & MARPOL

REGISTRY OF SHIPS OF LRS, IRS & ABSMUCKLES NAVAL ARCHITECTURE - W.MUCKLE & D.A.TAYLORSHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION - ROBERT TAGGARTRESISTANCE AND PROPULSION OF SHIPS - S.A. HARVALDPRACTICAL SHIP DESIGN - WATSON

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