EnglishPalestine

for

Authorship Supervisory CommitteeDr Samer M Rammal (Head) Birzeit UniversityDr Omar Abu Humos Al-Quds UniversityDr Insaf Abass Al-Quds Open UniversityDr Nazma Al Masri Gaza Islamic UniversityMr Suhail Murtaja Ministry of EducationMr Abdul-Raheem Al-Farra Ministry of EducationMr Jameel Ishtaya Ministry of EducationMr Othman Amer (Rapporteur) Ministry of Education

English Language Curriculum TeamDr Hazem Y Najjar (Head) Bethlehem UniversityDr Salem Aweiss Birzeit UniversityDr Omar Abu Humos Al-Quds UniversityDr Odeh J Odeh Al-Najah UniversityDr Sameer M Rammal Birzeit UniversityDr Nazmi Al Masri Gaza Islamic UniversityMiss I’tidal Abu Hamdiyah Ministry of EducationMiss Majedah Dajani Ministry of EducationMr Imad Jabir Hebron UniversityMr Suhail Murtaja Ministry of EducationMr Othman Amer (Rapporteur) Ministry of Education

Trial edition 2006

State of PalestineMinistry of Education& Higher Education

Workbook12

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Macmillan Education LtdBetween Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PPA division of Macmillan Publishers LimitedCompanies and representatives throughout the world

ISBN 1 405 0 7383 7

Text © Mike Macfarlane, Simon Greenall and Andrea Hopkins 2006Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2006

First published 2006

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.

Designed by Dave GloverTypeset by CjB Editorial PlusIllustrated by ??????Original cover design by Wheeler and Porter

The authors and publishers are grateful for permission to reprint thefollowing copyright material:Extract from ‘The Bet’ taken from English Studies Series For Facultyof Arts Book 1 Compiled with Notes and Exercises by ProfessorZeinab Raafat (Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia, Beirut, 1986), reprinted bypermission of the author.Rudyard Kipling: ‘IF’ from Rudyard Kipling’s Verse, The DefinitiveEdition (Hodder & Stoughton, 1945), reprinted by permission of A P Watt Ltd, on behalf of The National Trust for Places of HistoricInterest or National Beauty.Robert Frost ‘The Road Not Taken’ from The Poetry of Robert Frostedited by Edward Connery Lathem (Henry Holt and Company, LLC,New York, 1969), copyright © Henry Holt and Company 1969,reprinted by permission of the publisher.Cecil L Harrison ‘War is Never Over’.

Although we have tried to trace and contact copyright holdersbefore publication, in some cases this has not been possible.If contacted we will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity

Printed and bound in Palestine by A.R. Hijjawi & Sons Co.

2010 2009 2008 2007 200610 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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1

Black goldUnit 1

Synonyms

Find synonyms of these words and phrases on Student’s Book page 7.

Section 1

1 constructed _______________

2 all over (the world) _______________

3 decrease _______________

4 places _______________

Use pairs of words from Exercise 1 to complete the following.

1 How soon will world oil production start to _______________ ? / Some scientists say that it will begin

to _______________ as soon as 2014.

2 We have very little _______________ _______________ about this part of the ocean, and so we’re

sending our deep-sea submarine down to collect more _______________ .

3 After walking all night, you must be _______________ tired. / You’re right. We’re _______________ tired!

4 Have you found all the _______________ you need for the new film? / No, we’re still looking for some

of the _______________ we’re going to need.

5 Thousands of people came to the festival. They didn’t just come from _______________ the country.

They came from _______________ the world.

Vocabulary: the story of fossil fuels

Complete the diagram with words and phrases from the box.

Millions of years ago:

1 _______________ Þ

2 _______________ Þ produced: _______________ =

3 _______________ Þ

4 _______________ Þ

Use words and phrases from Exercise 3 to complete this statement.

Millions of years ago, heat and _______________ on animal _______________ and _______________

_______________ produced _______________ _______________ , which may take the form of _______________ ,

_______________ or _______________ .

4

animal remains coal fossil fuels gas heat oil plant remains pressure

3

2

1

Reading and development

Section 2

5 below _______________

6 scientific information _______________

7 very, very _______________

8 continues _______________

1 _______________

2 _______________

3 _______________

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2

Vocabulary: the oil industry

Complete the description with words from the box. Change the forms as necessary.

The Middle East has the largest oil (1) _______________ in the world, and these are found in a number

of huge (2) _______________ across the region. In each one, thousands of (3) _______________ pump oil

from deep (4) _______________ up through steel and (5) _______________ pipes to the Earth’s surface.

From there, the oil goes into a (6) _______________ that (7) _______________ it perhaps hundreds of

kilometres to its next destination, which may be a (8) _______________ to carry it be sea to other

countries.

The oil is separated at a (9) _______________ to produce several useful products. These include

(10) _______________ for cars, (11) _______________ which is often used by heavy trucks, and fuel for

(12) _______________ aeroplanes.

Vocabulary: countries and nationalities

Add country names to line 1 of each table. Take them from page 7 and from the world mapat the front of the Student’s Book.

6

concrete diesel jet oilfield oil well petrol pipeline

refinery reserve tanker transport underground

5

Country Nationality Country Nationality

1 _________ _________ 1 _________ _________

2 _________ _________ 2 _________ _________

From your own knowledge, add another pair to complete each table.

Connectors

Choose the correct connector in brackets to complete the following.

1 _______________ America was the place where oilfields were first opened, there were soon many

more in other countries around the world. (Although / Because)

2 Demand is rising. _______________ producers have to look for new oil. (Despite this, / Therefore,)

3 Oil production will soon start declining. _______________ oil demand is likely to keep rising. (In the

same way, / However,)

4 Companies are working hard to find more oil _______________ its high price. (because of / although)

Vocabulary: vehicles

Complete the report with the following words and phrases.

The Road Runner is a mini-bus which has a seating (1) _______________ of 12. At the (2) _______________

of just $19,500.00, it is slightly cheaper than another similar (3) _______________ , the Road Star. Thanks

to its (4) _______________ petrol-electric engine, the Road Runner’s (5) _______________ _______________

is excellent, at under $5.00 per 100 km. It is also very reliable, and so (6) _______________

_______________ are below average. When we add the cost of drivers’ pay, the (7) _______________ of

all (8) _______________ _______________ is approximately $1.20 per km.

capacity fuel economy hybrid maintenance costs price running costs total vehicle

9

8

7

Canadiiaann Iraqii

Country Nationality Country Nationality

1 _________ _________ 1 _________ _________

2 _________ _________ 2 _________ _________

Britii sshh Chineessee

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3

Requesting and giving information:the present

Use the sentence parts to write questionsand answers with be.

1 A (be) Yassir Farra / oil worker

B yes, / (be). / (be) / oil rigger

A __________________________________________

B __________________________________________

2 A (be) he / Egypt

B no, / (be not). / (be) Palestinian

A __________________________________________

B __________________________________________

3 A (be) Paolo / Michelle oil engineers, too

B no, / (be not). / (be) a rigger, and / (be) /

geologist

A __________________________________________

B __________________________________________

Use the sentence parts to write questionsand answers with do.

1 A (do) Yassir (work) abroad

B yes, / (do). / (work) / Saudi Arabia

A __________________________________________

B __________________________________________

2 A (do) he (develop) new oil wells

B no, / (do not). / (maintain) pipelines

A __________________________________________

B __________________________________________

3 A (do) Paolo / Michelle (work) / Saudi Arabia,

too

B no, / (do not). / (work) / Alaska, and / in the

*North Sea

A __________________________________________

B __________________________________________

*(name of the sea to the east of Britain)

2

1

Language Write questions for the answers. Use theverbs in brackets.

1 A __________________________________________

B She comes from Canada. (where / come

from)

2 A __________________________________________

B She looks for new oil. (what / do)

3 A __________________________________________

B She gets by air. (how / get / test locations)

4 A __________________________________________

B She starts as soon as the data begins

arriving. ( when / start work)

5 A __________________________________________

B She often works for 18 hours a day. (how

hard / work)

6 A __________________________________________

B Not very often, unfortunately. (how often /

find / oil)

Giving information: the past

Answer these questions about yourself.

1 When were you born?

______________________________________________

2 Where were you born?

______________________________________________

3 How old were you when you started school?

______________________________________________

4 What year did you start school?

______________________________________________

5 Where did you go to school?

______________________________________________

6 How long did you stay at that school?

______________________________________________

7 Were you happy or unhappy there?

______________________________________________

8 Did you particularly like any subject or

subjects more than others?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4

3

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4

Personal details

Read the parts of Paolo’s resume. Thenask and answer interview questions. Use thewords in brackets and information from the CV.

1 Nationality:

A (where (be) / from)

__________________________________________

B __________________________________________

2 Place of birth:

A (where (be) / born)

__________________________________________

B __________________________________________

3 Marital status:

A (be) / single)

__________________________________________

B __________________________________________

4 Work:

A (when / start work)

__________________________________________

B __________________________________________

5

Personal detailsFamily name First name NationalityOrtez Paolo Venezuelan

Place of birth Marital status Home addressCaracas Single PO Box 5703

Date of birth Married Puerto del Rio

Nov 15 1980 Venezuela

Career historyOrganisation Dates PositionAlaska Oil 2005– Senior rigger

Vista Oil 2000–2005 Junior rigger

(Venezuela)

5 Company:

A (who / start work with)

_________________________________________

B _________________________________________

5 Present employment:

A (still work / same / employer)

_________________________________________

B _________________________________________

Puzzle

Do the puzzle and find 10 words. Thewords are from Student’s Book pages 6–11.

1 Without ..., no engine can work.

2 We have to ... the equipment carefully so that

it doesn’t break down.

3 The new company has given ... to many

people who had no jobs before.

4 This is dangerous work, so we must be

careful about ... .

5 He’s not married. He’s still ... .

6 We’ve used most of the oil ... here, so

production is now declining.

7 It’s very easy to ... the area around an oil well.

8 The South Oilfield is the most ... of our fields.

We get most of our oil from there.

9 They have to ... the oil first by pipeline and

then by tanker.

6

Where are you from?

I’m from Venezuela.

9

10

8

7

6

5

4

2

1

3

4

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5

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright, whoseplays include The Seagull, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard. He was also awriter of over thirty-five short stories. He was known for the way he used mood and inactionto suggest the psychological state of his characters.

The Bet by Anton Chekhov

PART 1

It was a dark autumn night. The old bankerwas walking up and down his study andremembering how, fifteen years before, he hadgiven a party one autumn evening. There hadbeen many clever men there, and there hadbeen interesting conversations. Among otherthings they had talked of capital punishment.(1)

The majority of the guests, among whom weremany journalists and intellectual men, disapproved of the death penalty.(2) They considered that form of punishment out ofdate, immoral, and unsuitable for ChristianStates. In the opinion of some of them the death penalty ought to be replaced everywhere by imprisonment for life.

‘I don’t agree with you,’ said their host the banker. ‘I have not tried either the deathpenalty or imprisonment for life, but if onemay judge a priori,(3) the death penalty is moremoral and more humane than imprisonmentfor life. Capital punishment kills a man atonce, but lifelong imprisonment kills himslowly. Which executioner(4) is the morehumane, he who kills you in a few minutes orhe who drags the life out of you in the courseof many years?’

‘Both are equally immoral,’ observed(5) oneof the guests, ‘for they both have the sameobject – to take away life. The State is not God.It has not the right to take away what it cannotrestore when it wants to.’

Among the guests was a young lawyer, ayoung man of five-and-twenty. When he wasasked his opinion, he said:

‘The death sentence(6) and the life sentenceare equally immoral, but if I had to choosebetween the death penalty and imprisonmentfor life, I would certainly choose the second.To live anyhow is better than not at all.’

A lively discussion arose. The banker, whowas younger and more nervous in those days,was suddenly carried away by excitement; hestruck the table with his fist and shouted at theyoung man:

‘It’s not true! I’ll bet you two millions youwouldn’t stay in solitary confinement(7) for fiveyears.’

‘If you mean that in earnest,’ said the youngman, ‘I’ll take the bet, but I would stay not fivebut fifteen years.’

‘Fifteen? Done!’ cried the banker. ‘Gentlemen,I stake(8) two millions!’

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6

‘Agreed! You stake your millions and I stakemy freedom!’ said the young man.

And this wild, senseless bet was carried out!The banker, spoilt(9) and frivolous,(10) with millionsbeyond his reckoning, was delighted at thebet. At supper he made fun of the young man,and said:

‘Think better of it, young man, while there isstill time. To me two millions are a trifle,(11) butyou are losing three or four of the best years ofyour life. I say three or four, because youwon’t stay longer. Don’t forget either, youunhappy man, that voluntary confinement is agreat deal harder to bear than compulsory. Thethought that you have the right to step out inliberty at any moment will poison your wholeexistence in prison. I am sorry for you.’

And now the banker, walking to and fro,remembered all this, and asked himself: ‘Whatwas the object of that bet? What is the good ofthat man’s losing fifteen years of his life andmy throwing away two millions? Can it provethat the death penalty is better or worse thanimprisonment for life? No, no. It was all nonsensical and meaningless. On my part itwas the caprice(12) of a pampered(13) man, andon his part simple greed for money …’

Then he remembered what followed thatevening. It was decided that the young man

should spend the years of his captivity underthe strictest supervision in one of the lodges inthe banker’s garden. It was agreed that for fifteen years he should not be free to cross thethreshold(14) of the lodge, to see human beings,to hear the human voice, or to receive lettersand newspapers. He was allowed to have amusical instrument and books, and wasallowed to write letters, to drink wine, and tosmoke. By the terms of the agreement, the onlyrelations he could have with the outer worldwere by a little window made purposely forthat object. He might have anything he wanted – books, music, wine, and so on – inany quantity he desired by writing an order,but could only receive them through the window. The agreement provided for everydetail and every trifle that would make hisimprisonment strictly solitary, and it boundthe young man to stay there exactly fifteenyears, beginning from twelve o’clock ofNovember 14, 1870, and ending at twelveo’clock of November 14, 1885. The slightestattempt on his part to break the conditions, ifonly two minutes before the end, released thebanker from the obligation to pay him twomillions.

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7

Glossary

1 capital punishment punishment of death bylaw

2 death penalty punishment of death by law

3 a priori /eI praIÆO…/ (Latin) using what we

know about a cause to imagine its likelyeffects

4 executioner someone who kills another as apunishment by law

5 observed – to observe here: comment (butmore commonly used to mean notice orwatch)

6 sentence here: a judge’s official statementthat says how someone will be punished –death ~ by death, or life ~ by spending therest of one’s life in prison

7 solitary confinement a punishment in whicha prisoner is kept alone

8 stake bet, risk losing something importantin order to get or do something else

9 spoilt describing people who get andexpect to get everything they want

10 frivolous not serious or sensible

11 trifle here: a small, unimportant thing

12 caprice a sudden and unexpected idea oraction

13 pampered pampered well looked after andvery comfortable

14 threshold here: the floor at the door to aroom or a building

Reading for pleasure

Read the passage and choose the bestsummary.

1 A group of people at a dinner party are

discussing capital punishment. The host,

a banker, thought that the death penalty

was more moral and humane than life

imprisonment. A young lawyer disagreed.

The banker then bet the young man

two millions that he wouldn’t stay alone

in prison for fifteen years, and the young

man accepted. For fifteen years he would

be able to do anything he wanted, except

to see or hear humans. If he broke these

conditions, he would lose the bet.

1

2 A group of people at a dinner party are

discussing capital punishment. The host,

a banker, thought that life imprisonment

was more moral and humane than the

death penalty. A young lawyer disagreed.

The banker then bet the young man two

millions that he wouldn’t stay alone in

prison for fifteen years, and the young

man accepted. For fifteen years the

lawyer would be able to do anything

he wanted, except to see or hear humans.

If the lawyer broke these conditions,

the banker would lose the bet.

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Answer the questions.

1 Why does the banker think the death

penalty is more moral and humane than life

imprisonment?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Why does one of the guests think that both

are equally immoral?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Why would the young lawyer choose life

imprisonment over death?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 Why does the banker regret the bet?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 How long did the young lawyer agree to stay

in prison?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2

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8

Puncuation

Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (3), full stops (2), commas (3), anapostrophe (... ’s) and a dash.(... – ...).

shanghai one of the worlds biggest cities has

brought in a spanish team of architects to

discuss a possible answer to the problem a truly

amazing tower if the project is agreed it will

take 15 years to build and will be 1.14km tall

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 17, paragraph 5.

Opposites

Find opposites of these words onStudent’s Book page 17.

Paragraphs 1–3

1 lowest _______________

2 stopped _______________

3 past _______________

4 disappeared _______________

5 ugly _______________

6 takes _______________

3

2

1

Reading and development Paragraphs 4–7

7 excluding _______________

8 question _______________

9 bottom _______________

10 fails _______________

Use pairs of words from Exercise 3 tocomplete the following.

1 We _______________ work at 8.00 this morning,

_______________ for lunch at 12.00 and

finished at 4.30.

2 Is this the total price _______________

transport? / No, it’s the price _______________

transport. That’s extra.

3 The population was much smaller in the

_______________ , and in the _______________ it

will get much larger.

4 The _______________ temperature of the day

was 4°C at 4.00 this morning, and the

_______________ was 31°C, at 12.30 this

afternoon.

5 We came down from the _______________ of

the mountain to the _______________ in just

three hours.

6 It’s easy to ask that _______________ , but it’s

very difficult to give the correct

_______________ .

7 The old industrial city is dirty and

_______________ , but the green hills all around

are very _______________ .

8 The same thing happens every time she

takes the exam. She does well in the reading

section and always _______________ in passing,

but she always does badly in the weitten

part and _______________ .

Phrasal verbs: bring

Complete each sentence with bring +along, back, down, in or up.

1 When you come home from Palestine, could

you _______________ _______________ some

kunaffeh?

5

4

People, people everywhereUnit 2

Shanghai,

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9

2 The team will play much better if we

_______________ _______________ a new trainer.

3 Yassir was born and _______________

_______________ as a child in Jenin.

4 We’ll need the completed forms and your

passport, and please _______________

_______________ two passport photos with

you, too.

5 The earthquake _______________

_______________ many of the older buildings

in the city.

Verbs and nouns + preposition

Choose the correct preposition inbrackets.

1 People had a new reason _______________

building higher. (about / for)

2 The Eiffel Tower ... had pointed

_______________ the future. (to / into)

3 ... discuss a possible answer _______________

the problem ... (to / for)

4 To help protect it _______________

earthquakes ... (from / with)

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 17, paragraphs 2 and 5.

Add the correct prepositions to theseother verbs and nouns that you know.

1 You need to listen __________ everyone and

then make up your own mind.

2 I pointed __________ the red bike and asked

how much it was.

3 We don’t have time __________ lunch now.

We’ll have to eat later.

4 The big problem ___________ your idea is

that it won’t work!

5 Look! There’s another example ___________

Anne’s terrible writing.

6 It’s good to meet you at last. I’ve heard a lot

___________ you.

7 I didn’t like Peter when he was small, but he’s

turned ___________ a really nice person now.

8 What’s the difference ___________ these two

types of glass?

8

7

6

Vocabulary: population and socialchanges

Complete the analysis with words fromthe box.

Human population growth today is rapid and

(1) ____________ . Within that growth, we see

various (2) ____________ changes that are of very

great (3) ____________ to the world’s future. For

example, there is a major (4) ____________

towards living in cities. We also see that

the balance of population growth has

(5) ____________ from north to south. As a result,

we find that (6) ____________ cities, e.g. in SE Asia

and S America, are now growing faster than

northern cities in Europe and N America.

The need for more (7) ____________

____________ in cities has led to the

development of very tall (8) ____________

around the world. With their strong steel

(9) ____________ , they are now able to stand

many hundreds of metres tall.

Vocabulary: a new skyscraper

Complete the description with wordsfrom the box.

You can see plans and a model of the new

skyscraper at a public (1) _______________ at City

Hall. The whole (2) _______________ is nearly a

kilometre tall. To support it and (3)

_______________ it from earthquakes, the (4)

_______________ have designed the (5)

_______________ so that they go deep

underground. Then, at ground level, the

(6) _______________ of the structure is nearly a

kilometre in (7) _______________ . This level is

going to be used for car parks and also a large

(8) _______________ _______________ where you

will be able to buy almost anything. Above

that, there are going to be hundreds of

(9) _______________ to carry people to their

homes high in the sky above.

architects base exhibition

foundations lifts protect

shopping centre structure width

10

dynamic frames importance

living space shifted skyscrapers

social southern trend

9

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10

Present simple or present continuous

Put the verbs in brackets into thepresent simple or present continuous.

1 A Tell me, Sameera, what ______________ ?

(you do)

B ______________ an engineer. ______________

large public buildings. (I be) (I design)

2 A Tony, what ______________ over there? Why

______________ up and down like that?

(you do) (you jump)

B ______________ to see over the top of the

wall! (I try)

3 A What ______________ for dinner tonight?

Chicken? (we have)

B No, ______________ chicken. ______________

fish. (we not have) (we have)

4 A How much money ______________ ? (you

and Nadia have)

B ______________ some, but ______________

any. (she have) (I not have)

5 A There’s my friend Omar. ______________

only 18, but ______________ a bit older.

(he be) (he look)

B Wow! ______________ a bit older.

______________ at least 25! (he not just

look) (he look)

6 A Why ______________ at us like that? (that

boy look)

B I’ve just realised ______________ at us.

______________ at the bus just behind us.

Quick! Let’s get off the road! (he not look)

(he look)

7 A Rania, ______________ sad today. What

______________ about? ______________ to

talk about it? (you seem) (you think)

(you want)

B Well, ______________ my brother Hassan?

______________ to move to Canada, and

______________ he should go. (you

remember) (he want) (I not think)

1

Language Past simple or past continuous

Rewrite each pair of sentences as onesentence. Put one verb in the past simple andthe other in the past continuous. Add while tothe part in the past continuous.

1 I (meet) my friend Ali. I (walk) to school.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 I (do) my homework. My little brother (start)

making a noise.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Hanan’s car (break down). She (drive) to

Nablus.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 We (wait) for the bus. Two fire engines

suddenly (go) past.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 Salwa (call) this morning. I (make) lunch.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Past simple or present perfect

Nick and his family are getting ready tomove house. Put the verbs in brackets in thepast simple or the present perfect.

Mum (1) ____________ (you pack) all your

things in boxed yet?

Nick Yes, (2) ____________ (I finish) doing that

last night, and now (3) ____________ (I just

take) the boxes to the front door, ready

for the van.

Mum And (4) ____________ (you clean) your

room yet?

Nick Well, (5) ____________ (I clean) this

morning, but (6) ____________ (I not do)

everything yet.

Mum And where’s Dad? I need his help in the

kitchen.

3

2

I met my friend Ali while I was walking to

school.

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11

Nick I think (7) ____________ (he go) out half

an hour ago. Wait! I can see him from

the window now. (8) ____________ (he just

arrive) with the van.

Mum Oh, no! He’s too early! (9) ____________

(I not even begin) packing the kitchen

things yet!

Nick Wow! That’s a problem! Why

(10) ____________ (we decide) to move

today and not tomorrow?!

Past simple or past perfect

Complete the following with pairs ofverbs from the box. Put one verb in the pastsimple and the other in the past perfect.

1 Deema ______________ at the picture for a

long time. She ______________ anything so

beautiful in all her life.

2 Fadi ______________ with us because he

______________ dinner earlier at home.

3 We were surprised when Nadia

______________ to buy a new TV since she

______________ to do that previously.

4 Up till then, Omar ______________ nothing at

meetings, but he changed and he

______________ to speak all the time.

5 I ______________ that the job would be very

difficult but, in fact, I ______________ that I

could do it with no trouble at all!

Past prefect simple or continuous

Decide whether the action is eitherFINISHED recently or is UNFINISHED. Explain.

1 She’s done her project.

______________________________________________

2 I’ve been learning Japanese for years.

______________________________________________

3 We’ve been waiting all day.

______________________________________________

4 They’ve written all the invitations.

______________________________________________

5

agree – always refuse imagine – find

look – never see not eat – already have

usually say – suddenly want

4

5 I’ve been checking the list of names for the

last hour.

______________________________________________

6 He’s saved enough money for a new sound

system.

______________________________________________

7 She’s been practising her talk to the class

since this morning.

______________________________________________

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Find 12 words fromStudent’s Book Unit 2 pages 16–21.

6

FINISHED. (The project is complete.)

UNFINISHED. (I’m still studying.)

b w i d t h k a w n

f y y g m x t r u e

o t r e n d w e v x

u h s w f s e h b h

n a t i p u y i v i

d i r x r d r t c b

a z u z o h t e o i

t c c a t a j c t t

i j t z e g q t e i

o b u f c d a s p o

n d r c t r l p b n

c k e m e f r a m e

s o c i a l k k r j

j f l d g o g b a s

i m p o r t a n c e

m h e n f i h p l i

s k y s c r a p e r

i

e

x

u

s

h

i

f

t

q

s

n

o

e

n

q

m

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12

The Bet by Anton Chekhov

PART 2

For the first year of his confinement, as far asone could judge from his brief notes, the pris-oner suffered severely from loneliness anddepression. The sounds of the piano could beheard continually day and night from his lodge.He refused wine and tobacco. Wine, he wrote,excites the desires, and desires(1) are the worstfoes(2) of the prisoner; and besides, nothing could be more dreary(3) than drinkinggood wine and seeing no one. And tobaccospoilt the air of his room. In the first year thebooks he sent for(4) were principally(5) of a lightcharacter; novels with a complicated love plot,(6)

sensational and fantastic stories, and so on.In the second year the piano was silent in

the lodge, and the prisoner asked only for the classics. In the fifth year music was audible(7)

again, and the prisoner asked for wine. Thosewho watched him through the window saidthat all that year he spent doing nothing buteating and drinking and lying on his bed, frequently yawning and angrily talking tohimself. He did not read books. Sometimes atnight he would sit down to write; he wouldspend hours writing, and in the morning tearup all that he had written. More than once hecould be heard crying.

In the second half of the sixth year the prisoner began zealously(8) studying languages,philosophy, and history. He threw himselfeagerly into these studies – so much so that thebanker had enough to do to get him the bookshe ordered. In the course of four years somesix hundred volumes were procured(9) at hisrequest. It was during this period that the

banker received the following letter from hisprisoner:

‘My dear Jailer, I write you these lines in sixlanguages. Show them to people who knowthe languages. Let them read them. If they findnot one mistake I implore(10) you to fire a shotin the garden. That shot will show me that myefforts have not been thrown away. Thegeniuses of all ages and of all lands speak different languages, but the same flameburns(11) in them all. Oh, if you only knew whatunearthly(12) happiness my soul(13) feels nowfrom being able to understand them!’ The prisoner’s desire was fulfilled.(14) The bankerordered two shots to be fired in the garden.

Then after the tenth year, the prisoner satimmovably at the table and read nothing butthe Gospel. It seemed strange to the bankerthat a man who in four years had mastered sixhundred learned volumes should waste nearly a year over one thin book easy of comprehension. Theology and histories of reli-gion followed the Gospels.(15)

In the last two years of his confinement theprisoner read an immense quantity of booksquite indiscriminately.(16) At one time he wasbusy with the natural sciences, then he wouldask for Byron or Shakespeare. There werenotes in which he demanded at the same timebooks on chemistry, and a manual of medicine,and a novel, and some treatise(17) on philosophyor theology. His reading suggested a manswimming in the sea among the wreckage(18) ofhis ship, and trying to save his life by greedilyclutching first at one spar(19) and then at another.

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13

Glossary

1 desires strong feelings of wanting to haveor do something

2 foes (literary) enemies

3 dreary making you feel bored or unhappy

4 sent for – send for to ask or arrange forsomeone or something to come to you

5 principally mainly

6 plot a series of events that together are themain story in a book, film, etc

7 audible able to be heard

8 zealously energetically and with effort

9 were procured – to procure to getsomething, especially with effort ordifficulty

10 implore to ask with great feeling someoneto do something

11 the same flame burns the same humanspirit has great energy

12 unearthly strange, beyond what is normalin the ordinary world

13 soul spirit

14 was fulfilled – to fulfil to do what waswanted or hoped for

15 ~Gospel one – or here, all – of the fourbooks in the Christian Bible that describethe life of Jesus Christ

16 indiscriminately without careful thought orplanning

17 treatise a serious book or smaller piece ofwriting about a particular subject

18 wreckage the broken parts that are stillthere after damage or destruction

19 spar here, a thick pole that supports aboat’s sails

Reading for pleasure

Read the passage and match thesentences with the years when they happened.

a He ate and drank, lay on his bed and cried,

and sometimes wrote all night. ____________

b He read all kinds of books, literature, science

and novels. ____________

c He studied philosophy and history, and

learned six languages without mistakes.

____________

d He was lonely and depressed, and spent his

time reading and playing the piano.

____________

e He read a single book about theology and

the history of religion. ____________

Preparation for the tawjehi exam

Answer the questions.

1 Why did the prisoner refuse wine and

tobacco?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Why did the prisoner ask the banker to fire a

shot in the garden? And why do you think

the banker asked for two shots to be fired?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 What did the prisoner’s reading suggest

about his moods at different times?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Complete the sentences.

1 The prisoner often wrote all night, then

____________________________________ .

2 It was difficult to get all the books the

prisoner requested because

____________________________________ .

3 He believed he had mastered six languages

because ____________________________________ .

3

2

Year 1 Year 5 Year 6 Year 10 Year 14/15

1

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14

Don’t throw it away!Unit 3

Puncuation

Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (8), full stops (3), exclamation marks (... !)(2), question marks (... ?) (2), commas (3), andapostrophes (3).

how much do we recycle

last year we produced 295,000 tons of rubbish

of that 24% was recycled thats better than the

average recycling rate of 17% in britain but

experts say we could recycle 60% so lets try to

do better heres what others are already doing

why not us too

__________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at theOxford leaflet on Student’s Book page 27.

Quantities

Match quantities 1-3 with the materialsin the box.

1 400 litres of ______________

2 some pieces of ______________

3 295,000 tons of ______________

concrete rubbish water

3

2

1

Reading and development Match these in the same way. Then addother possible materials.

1 a metre of ________________________________

2 a packet of ________________________________

3 a carton of ________________________________

4 a can of ________________________________

5 a bag of ________________________________

Make statements from the table onStudent’s Book page 27.

1 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Countable or uncountable

Decide which nouns are countable andwhich are uncountable. Write [C] or [U].

1 aluminium [ __ ]

3 car [ __ ]

5 computer [ __ ]

7 equipment [ __ ]

9 money [ __ ]

11 newspaper [ __ ]

13 seed [ __ ]

6

5

cloth cola milk rice seeds

4

cloth, carpet, plastic, glass

In the USA, people

In New Zealand, people recycle 60% of all

waste from homes.

2 bottle [ __ ]

4 city [ __ ]

6 concrete [ __ ]

8 hospital [ __ ]

10 news [ __ ]

12 rubbish [ __ ]

14 water [ __ ]

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15

Many nouns can be countable oruncountable. Decide if the underlined wordsare countable or uncountable. Write [C] or [U].

1 a I need some material for a dress. [ __ ]

b Aluminium is a material that we can

easily recycle. [ __ ]

2 a There’s a paper to sign, and then I can

give you the money. [ __ ]

b Is there any paper for the printer. [ __ ]

3 a Let’s try one more time. [ __ ]

b Time passes quickly when you’re

enjoying yourself. [ __ ]

4 a Could I have a glass of water? [ __ ]

b We need five more pieces of glass to

finish the windows. [ __ ]

Complete the following with countableand uncountable nouns from Exercise 7. Thenwrite [C] or [U].

1 a She’s been to Jerusalem many

______________ . [ __ ]

b I haven’t got ______________ now, so let’s

talk tomorrow. [ __ ]

2 a This ______________ is too thin for a winter

jacket. [ __ ]

b Lots of light-weight ______________ are

used in modern cars. [ __ ]

3 a These ______________ are important

documents. [ __ ]

b Please keep all waste ______________ for

recycling. [ __ ]

Vocabulary: everyday recycling

Complete the summary with words fromthe box.

The Focus section shows that we can reuse

or (1) ____________ many things in many ways.

For example, it is easy to cut old (2) ____________

into pieces of (3) ____________ that we can

then use to make useful things like bed

(4) ____________ . We can also use old plastic

(5) ____________ to grow flower or vegetable

cloth clothes cover pots

rainwater recycle seeds

9

8

7 (6) ____________ , and we can save (7) ____________

to help grow them.

Vocabulary: conserving water

Complete the summary with words fromthe box.

The first text on Student’s Book page 7 is part

of a leaflet from Gaza City (1) ____________ .

It first reminds us that water is (2) ____________

to life: it is a (3) ____________ to every

(4) ____________ thing. It then asks people to be

responsible and (5) ____________ , helping to

conserve water and to (6) ____________ fairer

water (7) ____________ to everybody. The

leaflet goes on to call for people to report

(8) ____________ water pipes and to mend

connections that are (9) ____________ .

Vocabulary: towards more recycling

Complete the summary with words fromthe box.

The Council is worried that people are too

(1) ____________ in the way they throw things

out, and that they are not doing enough about

(2) ____________ . The leaflet explains that

dealing with waste from our homes is

expensive. First, there is the (3) ____________ of

(4) ____________ from people’s homes, and then

there is the problem of safe (5) ____________ of

all this waste at the (6) ____________ . The leaflet

goes on to show that what we throw out

includes things like paper, aluminium cans and

(7) ____________ waste such as old computers –

things that are often recycled in other

countries. Then it shows how ordinary people

are finding ways of recycling materials and

repairing (8) ____________ equipment. This is to

persuade everybody else to (9) ____________

themselves.

collection disposal dump

electronic faulty get started

rubbish recycling wasteful

11

achieve broken Council distribution

leaking living necessity partiotic vital

10

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16

Modal verbs: present forms

Complete each sentence with anappropriate modal verb from the box.

1 If we hurry, we ____________ be able to catch

the bus.

2 I think it’s going to rain. / But it ____________ .

There’s some blue sky over there.

3 ____________ you understand the problem? /

Yes, but what’s the answer?

4 ____________ you definitely be there on time

tomorrow? / Yes, I promise.

5 If the team loses again, they ____________ get

another chance to win the championship

until next year.

6 There’s too much work to do. We just

____________ finish in time. It’s impossible!

Rewrite each sentence. Use could orwould to be more indirect and polite.

1 Can I borrow your book, please?

______________________________________________

2 I prefer to go home now.

______________________________________________

3 Do you want to see the photos? (Use like.)

______________________________________________

4 Please bring me that magazine.

______________________________________________

5 Do you want her to call you?

______________________________________________

Complete each sentence with anappropriate modal verb from the box.

1 It’s a very important meeting, so you

_________________ be late.

(not) have to / need to

must (must not / mustn’t) ought (not)

should (should not / shouldn’t)

3

2

can (cannot / can’t may / might (not)

will (will not / won’t)

1

Language 2 It’s a holiday tomorrow, so I _________________

get up early.

3 I feel ill! / You _________________ to see the

doctor.

4 It seem to me that you _________________ eat

so much chocolate. It’s not very good for

you.

5 Do you really _________________ go? / Yes, I’m

sorry. It’s getting late.

6 Tell us one thing that we really

_________________ do to succeed. / The most

essential thing is to plan carefully.

7 You _________________ to spend your money

so quickly.

8 It’s a beautiful day. We _________________ take

a picnic and go out for the day.

Rewrite each sentence so that it has thesame meaning and contains the word inbrackets (in positive or negative form).

1 It’s a good idea to check your writing

carefully. (should)

______________________________________________

2 It’s necessary for us to revise before the

exams. (need)

______________________________________________

3 Don’t miss the football match next week.

(must)

______________________________________________

4 Is it possible for us to practise basketball

after school? (may)

______________________________________________

5 It’s possible that I’ll visit my cousins in

Amman. (might)

______________________________________________

6 It isn’t necessary to go if you don’t want to.

(have to)

______________________________________________

7 Is it important for me to answer the letter?

(ought)

______________________________________________

8 I’d like you to call me tomorrow. (could)

______________________________________________

4

You should check your writing carefully.

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17

Modal verbs: substitutes

Complete each sentence with a pastmodal form from the box.

1 I was very worried because I knew I

______________ fail my driving test. I felt that I

only had a 50% chance of passing it.

2 But I decided that I ______________ simply do

my best – and hope.

3 I ______________ take the test in our town

because it was too small to have a test

centre.

4 That meant that I ______________ catch the

bus to Nablus.

(not) be able to / couldn’t had to / didn’t

have to might (for may) would (for will)

5

5 Luckily, I ______________ get up too early

because the test wasn’t until midday.

6 But not so luckily, I ______________ wake up

at all that morning. I slept till 11.00!

7 The reason? I ______________ sleep the night

before because I had been so worried

about the test.

8 The result was that I ______________ run all

the way to the bus stop.

9 I almost missed the bus, but I ______________

jump on the bus just as it was leaving.

10 And as for the test, well, Dad met me

afterwards with the car, and I ______________

drive home as a qualified driver!

2

4

2

1

3

51

4 5

3

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Find the words in Student’s Book pages 26–31.

Across

1 The things he’s selling are in very good ... .

2 The Council has to ... of all the rubbish.

3 With more ... , the team will be very good.

4 You should plant two or three ... in

each pot.

5 If your new computer is ..., you need to take it

straight back to the shop.

6

Down

1 The ... environmental services officer is the

top man.

2 I’ve kicked a hundred goals with these old

football ... .

3 You ought to ... the food and put it in the fridge.

4 We can recycle much more of our ... than we

do.

5 It’s ... to mend broken water pipes quickly

and to conserve water.

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18

The Bet by Anton Chekhov

PART 3

The old banker remembered all this, andthought:

‘To-morrow at twelve o’clock he will regainhis freedom. By our agreement I ought to payhim two millions. If I do pay him, it is all overwith me: I shall be utterly ruined.’

Fifteen years before, his millions had beenbeyond his reckoning;(1) now he was afraid to askhimself which were greater, his debts or hisassets. Desperate gambling(2) on the StockExchange(3) wild speculation(4) and the excitabilitywhich he could not get over even in advancingyears, had by degrees(5) led to the decline of hisfortune and the proud, fearless, self-confidentmillionaire had become a banker of middlingrank, trembling at every rise and fall in his investments.

‘Cursed bet!’ muttered the old man, clutch-ing his head in despair ‘Why didn’t the mandie? He is only forty now. He will take my lastpenny from me, he will marry, will enjoy life,

will gamble on the Exchange; while I shalllook at him with envy like a beggar, and hearfrom him every day the same sentence: ‘I amindebted to(6) you for the happiness of my life,let me help you!’ No, it is too much! The onemeans of being saved from bankruptcy(7) anddisgrace is the death of that man!’

It struck three o’clock, the banker listened;everyone was asleep in the house and nothingcould be heard outside but the rustling of thechilled trees. Trying to make no noise, he tookfrom a fireproof safe the key of the door whichhad not been opened for fifteen years, put onhis overcoat, and went out of the house.

It was dark and cold in the garden. Rain wasfalling. A damp cutting wind was racing aboutthe garden, howling and giving the trees norest. The banker strained his eyes,(8) but couldsee neither the earth nor the white statues, northe lodge, nor the trees. Going to the spotwhere the lodge stood, he twice called the

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19

Glossary1 reckoning an ability to count or work out

2 gambling – to gamble to risk losing moneyin the hope of winning more if you arelucky

3 the Stock Exchange a place where peoplebuy and sell shares in companies and maymake or lose a lot of money as the shareprice go up and down

4 speculation here, gambling

5 by degrees little by little

6 indebted to here, grateful to someone fortheir help

7 bankrupcy a situation in which a person ora business officially has no money andcannot pay back money to others

8 strained his eyes tried hard to see

9 watchman a person who guards e.g. abuilding, especially at night

10 sought – to seek to look for

11 greenhouse a building made of glass that isused for growing plants that needprotection from cold weather

12 had the pluck was brave enough, was nottoo frightened

13 easy-chairs large comfortable chairs thatare often used in a living-room

14 seals here, things that keep e.g. a containershut and that you have to break in order toopen it

15 shaggy long, thick and untidy

16 earthy tint a slightly brown colour

watchman.(9) No answer followed. Evidentlythe watchman had sought(10) shelter from theweather, and was now asleep somewhereeither in the kitchen or in the greenhouse(11)

‘If I had the pluck(12) to carry out my intention,’thought the old man, ‘Suspicion would fall firstupon the watchman.’

He felt in the darkness for the steps and thedoor, and went into the entry of the lodge.Then he groped his way into a little passageand lighted a match. There was not a soulthere. There was a bedstead with no beddingon it, and in the corner there was a dark cast-iron stove. The seals on the door leading to theprisoner’s rooms were intact.

When the match went out the old man, trem-bling with emotion, peeped through the littlewindow. A candle was burning dimly in theprisoner’s room. He was sitting at the table.Nothing could be seen but his back, the hair onhis head, and his hands. Open books werelying on the table, on the two easy-chairs, 13)

and on the carpet near the table.Five minutes passed and the prisoner did

not once stir. Fifteen years’ imprisonment hadtaught him to sit still. The banker tapped at thewindow with his finger, and the prisoner madeno movement whatever in response. Then thebanker cautiously broke the seals(14) off the door

and put the key in the keyhole. The rusty lockgave a grating sound and the door creaked.The banker expected to hear at once footstepsand a cry of astonishment, but three minutespassed and it was as quiet as ever in the room.He made up his mind to go in.

At the table a man unlike ordinary peoplewas sitting motionless. He was a skeleton withthe skin drawn tight over his bones, with longcurls like a woman’s and a shaggy(15) beard.His face was yellow with an earthy tint(16) in it,his cheeks were hollow, his back long and nar-row, and the hand on which his shaggy headwas propped was so thin and delicate that itwas dreadful to look at it. His hair was alreadystreaked with silver, and seeing his emaciated,aged-looking face, no one would havebelieved that he was only forty. He was asleep… In front of his bowed head there lay on thetable a sheet of paper on which there wassomething written in fine handwriting.

‘Poor creature!’ thought the banker, ‘he isasleep and most likely dreaming of the millions. And I have only to take this half-dead man, throw him on the bed, stifle him a little with the pillow, and the most conscientious expert would find no sign of aviolent death. But let us first read what he haswritten here …’

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20

Preparation for the tawjehi exam

Tick (4) the correct answer.

1 The banker was no longer a rich man

because …

a he was now quite old.

b he had lost his money on the

Stock Exchange.

c the prisoner had won the bet.

d he doesn’t want the man to thank

him for his happiness.

2 The banker decides to kill the

prisoner because …

a he doesn’t want to lose the bet.

b it’s very quiet and there’s

no one around.

c the man is asleep.

d the guard is absent.

Decide who he refers to: the banker, orthe prisoner.

1 … now he was afraid to ask himself which

were greater, his debts or his assets.

_______________

2 He will take my last penny from me, he will

marry, will enjoy life, will gamble on the

Exchange. _______________

3 He was a skeleton with the skin drawn tight

over his bones, with long curls like a

woman's and a shaggy beard. _______________

4 … he is asleep and most likely dreaming of

the millions. _______________

3

2

Reading for pleasure

Read the passage and number theevents in the order they happen.

a The only way for the banker to save himself

is to kill the prisoner. ______

b Over the years, the banker has lost his

money. ______

c There was no sound outside, not even from

the guard. ______

d The banker decides to kill him, but then

notices a sheet of paper. ______

e The banker is jealous that the prisoner will

soon have won the bet. ______

f It was in the middle of the night as the

banker left the house. ______

g The banker looked through a window into

the prisoner’s rooms. ______

h The prisoner was asleep, so the banker

entered the room. ______

1

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21

Engineeering the futureUnit 4

Grammatical forms and abbreviations

Complete the list below with theunderlined words, including a countable nounwith an irregular plural.

The Dam provides water for many millions of

people and for the irrigation of large areas of

farmland that lie along the Nile.

1 ____________ verb [T] (= transitive verb,

needing an object)

2 ____________ verb [I] (= intransitive verb, not

taking an object)

3 ____________ noun [U] (= uncountable noun)

4 ____________ noun [C] (= countable noun)

5 ____________ noun [C] (irregular plural)

Find more words to complete anotherlist, as in Exercise 1.

The Dam stands 111 metres high, and behind it

lies Lake Nasser. In addition to water, Aswan

supplies large amounts of electricity. It has

therefore brought the Egyptian people great

benefits and has allowed their children to look

forward to a better future.

1 ____________ verb [T]

2 ____________ verb [T]

3 ____________ verb [I]

4 ____________ verb [I]

5 ____________verb [U]

6 ____________ noun [U]

7 ____________verb [U]

8 ____________ noun [U]

9 ____________verb [U]

10 ____________ noun [C] (irregular plural)

2

1

Reading and development Vocabulary: abbreviations

Match the meanings in the box toabbreviations 1–6.

1 min _______________

3 NE _______________

5 m _______________

Adjective or adverb

Choose the correct form from the wordsin brackets to complete the sentences.

1 Egypt’s farmland lies almost ____________

(total / totally) along the Nile.

2 Farmers must now spend ____________

(heavy / heavily) on fertilisers.

3 I was ____________ (proud / proudly) to help

finish the project.

4 The old dam had never been ____________

(high / highly) enough.

5 We ____________ (final / finally) finished in 1970.

6 The floods had ____________ (actual /

actually) been unreliable.

7 Farmers would have faced ____________

(dangerous / dangerously) floods.

8 Gaza can now develop several ____________

(environmental / environmentally) friendly

resorts.

9 There are also ____________ (important /

importantly) natural resources.

10 There is an area of ____________ (special /

specially) natural beauty.

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 37 for numbers 1–7 and page 41 for numbers 8–10.

5

4

kilometre(s) maximum metre(s)

minimum north-east south-west

3

2 max _______________

4 SW _______________

6 km(s) _______________

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22

Vocabulary: Egyptian farming past andpresent

Complete the comparison with thefollowing words.

In ancient times, Egyptian (1) _______________

depended on the Nile to flood their

(2) _______________ and keep it (3) _______________

with the (4) _______________ that the water left

behind. These were a natural (5) _______________

that helped crops grow well year after year. This

happened all the way from the far south to the

(6) _______________ Nile Delta, where many water

(7) _______________ slowly cross the low land to

the sea.

In modern times, the Aswan High Dam has

changed things greatly. First, farmers no longer

(8) _______________ the old dangers of disastrous

floods or the opposite – (9) _______________ .

However, without the old life-giving floods,

farmers now have to buy (10) _______________

farm chemicals to feed their land. But then

again, Aswan has allowed an (11)

_______________ irrigation system which has

brought much more land into active use by

farmers. On (12) _______________ , therefore, the

Dam has been a great benefit to the country.

Vocabulary: developing resorts

Complete the article with words fromthe box.

Tourist resorts are often developed in areas of

great natural (1) ____________ or around ancient

(2) ____________ sites. When this happens, it is

(3) ____________ to plan carefully and in an

(4) ____________ ____________ way. It is

(5) ____________ vital to avoid a (6) ____________

between the site itself and the new

development. If the resort is developed badly, it

has the (7) ____________ to destroy the special

nature of the place. The job of the

(8) ____________ team is therefore a very

absolutely beauty conflict

environmentally friendly essential

heritage infrastructure planning

planning services

7

artificial balance channels droughts

expanded face farmers farmland

fertile fertiliser northern sediments

6

responsible one. They have to produce a plan

that provides all the necessary (9) ____________

and facilities – roads, water and electricity

(10) ____________ , hotels and so on – and that

also still protects what is special and attractive

about the place.

Conditionals – type 0

Answer each question with a fullstatement. Follow the question’s use of if orwhen.

1 Q What do you usually do if you feel tired?

A __________________________________________

2 Q What do you generally do when you get

home from school?

A __________________________________________

3 Q What do you like doing when you have

some free time?

A __________________________________________

4 Q What do you do if you feel thirsty?

A __________________________________________

5 Q What do you do if you can’t understand

your homework?

A __________________________________________

6 Q What do you like doing when you go out

with your family?

A __________________________________________

Conditionals – type 1

Complete the sentence for eachsituation, using the words in brackets as aguide.

1 You and your sister are choosing a present

for your brother. He is crazy about

basketball, and he really wants a basketball

ring so that he can practise scoring at home.

You have just found a good one. You say:

(buy, be)

I know it’s expensive. But ____________________

______________________________________________

2 You have bought a CD, but it seems to be

faulty and does not play on your CD player.

2

1

Language

If I feel tired, I usually

When

if we buy him the

basketball ring, he’ll be very happy.

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23

Your friend advises you and says: (explain,

replace)

You should take it back and talk to the

people at the shop. __________________________

______________________________________________

3 Today is a holiday, and you and your brother

are going to visit your cousins for the day.

However, he is still eating breakfast, and the

bus will go soon. You say: (not leave, miss)

Listen, do you really want to see our cousins,

or not? ______________________________________

______________________________________________

4 Your little sister is standing on a chair and

leaning out of her bedroom window in your

third-floor apartment. You are very

frightened and you shout: (fall, kill yourself )

Get down from that chair right now! ________

______________________________________________

5 Your friend has had an argument with

another friend, and now they are not talking

to each other. Your friend is worried about

the situation but does not know what to do.

You say: (not say sorry, lose)

Look, you started the argument, and you

were wrong. ________________________________

______________________________________________

6 Your sister is trying to decide whether to go

to college or to stay at home and help your

mother with the house and the younger

children. You say: (not go, not get)

Well, I think you should definitely take the

chance. _____________________________________

______________________________________________

Conditionals – type 2

Use the sentence parts to writesentences. Add capital letters, commas and fullstops.

1 / I (have) the chance to go / North America /

(travel) across Canada

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 / I (visit) Australia / (go) surfing / Bondi Beach

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

3 / I (have) more free time / (like) / study music

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 / my brother (work) a bit harder / (be) / best

student in / whole school!

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 / our cousins (come) / live with us / (all have)

/ great time together

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 / my sister (can choose) any career she

(want) / (become) / family doctor

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Conditionals – type 3

Say how things could have happeneddifferently.

1 I spent most of my money on a really good

football, so I didn’t have enough to buy

some new boots.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Mahmoud didn’t study hard enough, so he

didn’t get the grade he wanted in the exam.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 We forgot to take any money with us, so we

couldn’t buy anything to eat.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 I rode down the hill much too fast, so I

couldn’t avoid crashing at the bottom.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4

If I had the chance to go to North America,

I would (I’d)

If I had not (hadn’t) spent most of my

money on a really good football, I would

have (I’d have) had enought to

1405073837.Text.qxd 28/3/06 09:56 Page 23

5 I couldn’t get home early, so I had to miss my

favourite TV programme.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 Salwa managed to save enough money, so

she was able to hep her sister go to college.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Could have and should have

Write suitable replies using could have orshould have and the words in brackets.

1 A I can’t do the work today. There’s no time.

(yesterday)

B __________________________________________

__________________________________________

5

2 A He should talk to his teacher about the

problem. (a long time ago)

B __________________________________________

__________________________________________

3 A We can’t have lunch now. We have to

catch the bus. (earlier)

B __________________________________________

__________________________________________

4 A I’d better apply for a driving licence soon.

(as soon as you were old enough)

B __________________________________________

__________________________________________

5 A I’ll give you back your magazine

tomorrow. I promise. (today)

B __________________________________________

__________________________________________

6 A The pain’s getting worse. She should see

the doctor. (when it first started)

B __________________________________________

__________________________________________

Well, you could have done the work

yesterday.

Yes, but

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Find words in Student’sBook Unit 4 pages 36–41.

6

Across

1 technology that lets you communicate with

people far away

2 The ... point of S America is not very far from

the Antarctic Circle.

3 The ... point of North America is inside the

Arctic Circle.

4 The ... age for getting married is sixteen in

many countries.

5 The ... weight this truck can carry is 40 tons.

6 Near its mouth, the Nile opens into a wide ... .

7 The opposite of sensible.

Down

1 These are small pieces of earth carried and

the dropped by the river.

2 These pieces of earth used to ... the land

along the Nile naturally.

3 possible, even likely

4 a distance of about 1.5 km

5 a small distance – a little longer than one of

a man’s feet

6 vital

7 A ... can easily grow into a war.

8 A good farmer looks after his ... well.

2 3

1

3 4

7

1 2

65

8

4

6

5

7

page overlength by 3 lines

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25

The Bet by Anton Chekhov

PART 4

The banker took the page from the table andread as follows:

‘To-morrow at twelve o’clock I regain myfreedom and the right to associate with(1) othermen, but before I leave this room and see thesunshine, I think it necessary to say a fewwords to you. With a clear conscience I tell you,as before God, who beholds(2) me, that I despisefreedom and life and health, and all that in yourbooks is called the good things of the world.

‘For fifteen years I have been intently studying earthly life. It is true I have not seenthe earth nor men, but in your books I havedrunk fragrant wine, I have sung songs, I havehunted stags and wild boars in the forests,have loved women … Beauties as ethereal(3) asclouds, created by the magic of your poets andgeniuses, have visited me at night, and havewhispered in my ears wonderful tales thathave set my brain in a whirl.(4) In your books Ihave climbed to the peaks of Elburz and MontBlanc, and from there I have seen the sun riseand have watched it at evening flood the sky,the ocean, and the mountain-tops with goldand crimson. I have watched from there thelightning flashing over my head and cleaving(5)

the storm-clouds. I have seen green forests,fields, rivers, lakes, towns. I have heard thesinging of the sirens,(6) and the strains(7) of theshepherds’ pipes; I have touched the wings ofcomely(8) devils(9) who flew down to conversewith me of God ... In your books I have flungmyself into the bottomless pit, performed miracles, slain,(10) burned towns, preached newreligions, conquered whole kingdoms …

‘Your books have given me wisdom. All thatthe unresting thought of man has created inthe ages is compressed into a small compass(11)

in my brain. I know that I am wiser than all ofyou.

‘And I despise your books, I despise wisdomand the blessings of this world. It is all worthless, fleeting,(12) illusory, and deceptive,like a mirage. You may be proud, wise, andfine, but death will wipe you off the face of theearth as though you were no more than miceburrowing under the floor, and your posterity,your history, your immortal geniuses willburn or freeze together with the earthly globe.

‘You have lost your reason and taken thewrong path. You have taken lies for truth, andhideousness for beauty. You would marvel if,owing to strange events of some sorts, frogsand lizards suddenly grew on apple and orangetrees instead of fruit, or if roses began to smelllike a sweating horse; so I marvel at you whoexchange heaven for earth. I don’t want tounderstand you.

‘To prove to you in action how I despise allthat you live by, I renounce(13) the two millionsof which I once dreamed as of paradise andwhich now I despise. To deprive myself of theright to the money I shall go out from here fivehours before the time fixed, and so break thecompact(14) … ‘

When the banker had read this he laid thepage on the table, kissed the strange man onthe head, and went out of the lodge, weeping.At no other time, even when he had lost heavily on the Stock Exchange, had he felt sogreat a contempt for himself. When he gothome he lay on his bed, but his tears and emotion kept him for hours from sleeping.

Next morning the watchmen ran in withpale faces, and told him they had seen the man who lived in the lodge climb out of the window into the garden, go to the gate,and disappear. The banker went at once withthe servants to the lodge and made sure of the flight(15) of his prisoner. To avoid arousingunnecessary talk, he took from the table thewriting in which the millions were renounced,and when he got home locked it up in the fireproof safe.

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26

Glossary1 associate with to spend time with

2 beholds – to behold (literary) to see, look at

3 ethereal having a special beauty that seemsnot to be part of the ordinary world

4 in a whirl in a state of fast-changing chaos

5 cleaving – to cleave (literary) to cut or breakinto two parts with great strength

6 sirens here, women in ancient Greek storieswho sang to men on ships to make themsail towards rocks and crash into them

7 strains (literary) here, sounds

8 comely (old-fashioned) attractive

9 devils bad spirits

10 slain (literary) killed

11 compass (literary) here, space

12 fleeting continuing for only a very shorttime

13 renounce here, to state formally that youare giving up something that you have orcould have

14 compact (formal) here, agreement

15 flight (literary) here, escape

Reading for pleasure

Read the passage and tick (4) thecorrect answer.

The prisoner

a … rejects knowledge and freedom.

b … has learnt a great deal from

his reading.

c … has won the bet.

The banker

d … despises himself.

e … lets the prisoner escape.

f … destroys the page the prisoner wrote.

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Tick (4) the true statements.

1 While he has been in prison, the prisoner

believes that …

a he has gained great wisdom.

b he has achieved great freedom.

c death is better than life

imprisonment.

d he enjoys life more.

2 The banker reads the message …

a and promises to be a better person.

b but decides to ignore it.

c but releases the prisoner.

d and learns to despise money.

Answer the questions.

1 Who do you think is morally better in The Bet,

the lawyer who rejects knowledge, or the

banker who is frightened of the truth? Can

you explain why?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 What happens to the banker?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 What happens to the ex-prisoner?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

2

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27

Punctuation

Rewrite this part of the text. Put incapital letters (6), full stops (2), question marks(2), commas (4) and a dash.

some offer free gifts like watches or calculators

which are nice but not important however

these questions are

1 will i be offered free banking banking

without charges

***

2 could i get a loan if necessary how long for

and at what interest rate

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 47 paragraph 7.

Synonyms

Find synonyms of these words andphrases in the Student’s Book.

Page 46

1 money ________________

2 take out ________________

3 move ________________

4 set up ________________

Page 47

5 plan ________________

6 one day/before too long ________________

3

2

1

Reading and development 7 in fact ________________

8 difficulty ________________

9 money coming in ________________

10 money going out ________________

11 don’t forget ________________

Rewrite the following using elevenwords and phrases from Exercise 3.

Sam I need to take out some money from the

bank.

Rick Me, too, but actually I can’t. I’ve got real

financial difficulties right now. I’ve had

no money coming in, and lots of money

going out recently. My account’s empty!

Sam Wow! You definitely are in a bad

situation. What do you aim to do about

it?

Rick Well, I’m expecting a cheque before too

long.

Sam Yes, but what about right now? I could

move a bit of money to your account if

you like.

Rick Thanks, but I know you haven’t got much

money either.

Sam Well, don’t forget that you can talk to the

bank and set up a loan.

Position of adverbs

Rewrite the sentences. Put the adverbsin brackets in the normal position.

1 (?) You (?) will (?) remain (?) a customer (?)

forever (?). (probably)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 (?) You (?) should (?) make (?) time (?) to

discover these deals (?). (definitely)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5

4

Money mattersUnit 5

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28

Look at Student’s Book page 47paragraphs 5 and 6 to check your work. Thenrewrite these sentences in the same way.

1 You can talk to the bank about a loan.

(certainly)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 You could ask for an overdraft. (possibly)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Vocabulary: language of banking

Match words a–o in the box todefinitions 1–15.

1 _______________: ‘plastic’ that lets you spend

money you do not have

2 _______________: ‘plastic’ that lets you

withdraw money that you have in your

account

3 _______________: activity of using a bank

4 _______________: money that your employer

pays you for your work every month

5 _______________: money that you do not

spend now and keep for the future

6 _______________: fixed amount of money that

you borrow, e.g. from a bank

7 _______________: extra money that you have

to pay for money that you borrow

8 _______________: one of many banks, shops

or offices with the same name

9 _______________: flexible amount of money

that you borrow from a bank

10 _______________: plan which balances money

coming in and money going out

11 _______________: money, especially foreign

money

12 _______________: change one country’s

money into another’s

a account b banking c branch

d budget e credit card f currency

g debit card h exchange

i exchange rate j interest k loan

l overdraft m salary n savings

o traveller’s cheque

7

6 13 _______________: paper that you change for

money in another country

14 _______________: the amount of money that

you pay in one currency to buy money in

another currency

15 _______________: facility at a bank which

allows it to look after your money as you

pay it in and take it out

Complete the explanation by a bank’sstudent adviser with the following words.

Hello. Now, this leaflet explains in detail our

various special (1) _______________ to students,

but here are the main points. First, we

understand the (2) _______________ problems

that many students have, and we are here to

help with (3) _______________ overdrafts of up

to £2,000.

Of course, every student today needs a

computer, and we offer a 15% (4) _______________

when you buy at PC Planet. This is available

both for the (5) _______________ – the equipment

itself – and the (6) _______________ programs

which you use with the computer.

Another thing: students never think about

loss or damage to expensive things like

computers, but these things happen, and we

offer cheap (7) _______________ that will pay if

they do.

Next, when you join us, the first thing that

happens is that we give you £30. We

immediately (8) _______________ that money to

your new account.

Finally, we know that students have to travel

a lot, and we offer a choice of cheap

(9) _______________ tickets to travel by train or

(10) _______________ tickets to travel by road.

coach credit discount financial

hardware insurance interest-free

offers rail software

8

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29

Verb + infinitive or -ing

Choose the correct form in brackets tocomplete each sentence.

1 Hello! I didn’t expect _______________ (to see /

seeing) you here!

2 I feel like _______________ (to go / going) out

for the day. What about you?

3 Would you mind _______________ (to open /

opening) the window? It’s very hot in here.

4 They’ve promised _______________ (to be /

being) ready by 8.00, but I’m not sure they

will be.

5 I don’t understand him, but he seems

_______________ (to want / wanting) to talk

to you.

6 I can’t imagine _______________ (to stay /

staying) very long in such a terrible place.

7 You should avoid _______________ (to drive /

driving) into town in the morning when the

roads are busy.

8 She’s hoping _______________ (to finish /

finishing) the project tonight.

Use a verb from the box in anappropriate form to complete each sentence.

1 I can’t _______________ going out again today.

I’m too tired.

2 I’ve been thinking for a long time, and now

I’ve _______________ to buy the bike.

3 Yussef had problems at first, but now he has

_______________ to get the machine to work.

4 I’m not very interested in basketball. I’d

_______________ to watch the football on

Channel 2.

5 Then I said what I thought would be best. I

_______________ finishing work first and then

going out.

6 I don’t know if you want to talk about it, but I

_______________ noticing that you looked very

sad the other day.

can’t help decide enjoy face

manage offer prefer suggest

2

1

Language 7 You must come to the party. You’ll

_______________ seeing all your old friends

again.

8 Look at this letter from the bank. They’re

_______________ to give me an interest-free

overdraft. Great!

Relative clauses with what, when, where,why and how

Put the sentence parts together to formsentences.

1 he (write) / budget / show what / (plan) /

spend

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 he (work out) / timetable / show when /

(aim) / do various things

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 she (draw) / map / show where / (plan) / go

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 she (create) / travel plan / show how /

(intend) / get there

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 they (make) / notes / show what / (hope) / do

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 they (add) / explanation / show why / (want) /

do it

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

The passive: mixed tenses

Rewrite each sentence with its verb in the passive. Be careful about the position ofwords like first and only.

1 They first set up the bank in London 150

years ago.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4

3

He wrote a budget to show what he

The bank was first

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30

2 In the early days, it only offered banking

services to companies.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 For the last 100 years, it has also accepted

individual customers.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 In the early 1900s, the bank was slowly

starting its first few branches across Europe.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 Today, the bank is still extending its

international operations.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 It will probably achieve its 4,000th branch

within ten years.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

7 These days, people recognise the name of

the bank all over the world.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Rewrite each sentence with a verb in thepassive. Include by + agent where this seemsnecessary.

1 People first exchanged goods many

thousands of years ago.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 People only invented money much later in

history.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 People in different parts of the Ancient World

gradually accepted gold as a currency.

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

5

4 The Lydian people living in modern Turkey

made the first gold-and-silver coins over

2,600 years ago.

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

5 People have also used other things as

money over the years.

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

6 For example, people on South Pacific

islands used seashells as their currency

many years ago.

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

7 The first official bank notes were produced

by the Chinese government over 1,000

years ago.

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Find 8 words fromStudent’s Book pages 46–51.

6

q a y r c h e q u e

c u s t o m e r t j

s o c b e k i d i g

t r a n s f e r t l

p a x n z c u m e h

e x p e n s e s m f

w d b e v c h a r g

d i s c o u n t f h

i

n

c

o

m

e

e

g

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31

John Keats (1795–1821) is considered to be one of Britain’s greatest Romantic poets. During his

life, his work was highly criticised, and it was only after his early death that his poetry was

appreciated for its imagination and rich language.

I had a dove

I had a dove and the sweet(1) dove died; And I have thought it died of grieving: O, what could it grieve for? Its feet were tied, With a silken(2) thread of my own hand’s

weaving; Sweet little red feet! why should you die – Why should you leave me, sweet bird! why? You liv’d alone in the forest-tree, Why, pretty thing! would you not live with me? I kiss’d you oft and gave you white peas(3)

Why not live sweetly, as in the green trees?

John Keats

Glossary

1 sweet here, attractive, also kind and pleasant

2 silken made out of silk, a very expensive,

high-quality sort of cloth

3 white peas small, delicious vegetables

Reading for pleasure

Read the poem again, think aboutmeanings and tick (4) the correct boxes.

1 A dove is a kind of

(a) tree

(b) bird.

2 To grieve is to be

(a) happy

(b) sad

about something which has died.

3 Thread is

(a) thin cotton used for sewing

(b) made of leaves or plants

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Answer the questions.

1 Why do you think the dove’s feet were tied?

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

2 Who tied the bird’s feet?

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

3 Did the poet care about the bird?

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

2

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32

Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) was a story teller and poet, and well-known for his interest in the

adventure and romance which he found in the growing British Empire. He won the Nobel Prize for

Literature in 1907, still the youngest person to receive this award.

If

If you can keep your head(1) when all about you(2)

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,But make allowance for(3) their doubting too;If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,(4)

And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream – and not make dreams your master;If you can think – and not make thoughts your aim;If you can meet with Triumph and DisasterAnd treat those two impostors(5) just the same;If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spokenTwisted by knaves(6) to make a trap for fools,(7)

Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,And stoop(8) and build ‘em up with worn-out tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winningsAnd risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,(9)

And lose, and start again at your beginningsAnd never breathe a word about your loss;If you can force your heart and nerve(10) and sinew(11)

To serve your turn(12) long after they are gone,And so hold on when there is nothing in youExcept the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,(13)

Or walk with kings – nor lose the common touch,(14)

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,If all men count with you,(15) but none too much;If you can fill the unforgiving minute(16)

With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run(17) –Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,And – which is more – you’ll be a Man, my son!

Rudyard Kipling

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33

Glossary

1 keep your head remain sensible andthinking clearly in a crisis

2 all about you everyone around you

3 make allowance for here, to consider andaccept something that others feel eventhough you do not agree with them

4 give way to hating weakly let yourself hate

5 imposters here, things that pretend to besomething special and important, whichthey are not

6 knaves (old-fashioned) dishonest men

7 make a trap for fools get stupid people tobelieve something that is no longer thetruth because the ‘knaves’ have changedyour words and ideas

8 stoop to bend the top half of your bodydownwards, here meaning to bend down tostart working hard

9 pitch and toss a competitive throwinggame which you may win or lose

10 nerve here, feeling of self-control

11 sinew here, physical strength

12 serve your turn do what you need them todo

13 virtue here, honesty, goodness

14 the common touch ability to communicatewell and naturally with ordinary people

15 count with you are important to you

16 unforgiving minute time that continues todisappear whether or not you do anythinggood and useful with it

17 distance run good and useful activity done

Reading for pleasure

Read the poem and choose the bestsummary of the poem.

1 The poem tells a young man about to

leave home how he should behave

in the British colonies.

2 The poem is a set of rules for young

people on behaviour, honesty and

self-development in a hostile world.

3 The poem encourages individual

courage and sacrifice over merely

following the rules of society.

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Decide what advice the poet gives if

1 … people panic and blame you

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

2 … men doubt you

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

3 … things you have created are broken

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

4 … you lose all your winnings

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

5 …your heart and nerve are gone

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

Describe what will happen if you followall the advice the poet gives.

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

3

2

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34

Punctuation

Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (4), full stops (4) and apostrophes (3).

just say no dont take on too much because

other people want you to think about yourself

more learn to say no when youre asked to do

something that doesnt fit in with your goals

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 57, Tip 6.

Synonyms

Find synonyms of these words andphrases in the Student’s Book page 57.

1 particularly ________________

2 alone ________________

3 prepared ________________

4 aims ________________

5 sometimes ________________

6 timetable ________________

7 keep to ________________

8 is more important ________________

than ________________

9 match, go well with ________________

10 tidy everything ________________

up ________________

3

2

1

Reading and development Complete the following using words andphrases from Exercise 3.

1 A What’s your main ________________ in life

at the moment?

B Right now, the major ________________ is to

do well in the Tawjehi exams.

2 A Have you written a revision

________________ to help you organise

your work?

B Yes, I’ve got a ________________ that tells

me what I need to do every day.

3 A Do you manage to ________________ your

revision plan?

B Well, I try to ________________ it as closely

as possible, but I sometimes can’t quite

get everything done.

4 A What about organising your room? Have

you found time to ________________ ?

B Well, I ________________ a week ago, but

now I’m afraid it’s getting into a mess

again.

5 A Is there anything you find ________________

hard to do?

B Yes, I find it ________________ difficult to

work when there’s football on TV.

Phrasal verbs with get

Complete each sentence with get and aword from the box.

1 They used to be friends, but now they don’t

____________ each other at all.

2 My pen has fallen into the hole in the floor,

and I can’t ____________ it ____________ .

3 I’m worried that Hani is ____________

computer games far too much. He spends

hours playing them!

4 Hanan hopes to ____________ college, but she

won’t know till the summer.

into on with out

5

4

Getting your life organisedUnit 6

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35

5 It’s hard to start work again, but we really

must ________________ it.

6 Khalid stood up to speak, but he was so shy

that he couldn’t ________________ the words

________________ .

Other phrasal verbs

Complete the sentences with otherphrasal verbs from Student’s Book pages 57and 61.

1 I’m going to ________________ the job of

running the junior football team.

2 This is important to remember, so

________________ it ________________ , please.

3 I’m going on the internet to ________________

more about Palestine.

4 We have to have the meeting today. We can’t

________________ it ________________ any longer.

Vocabulary: planning your life

Complete the tips for new students withthe following words.

If you create a (1) ____________ for yourself, this

will help you get your life more (2) ____________ .

To do it properly, you need to leave enough

space to write your most important

(3) ____________ activities and (4) ____________ –

things you have to do such as (5) ____________

for a big test. Keep this important document

safely in a (6) ____________ , and remember to

check it every day.

Try to (7) ____________ things that waste time,

e.g. playing computer games, and then get rid of

these terrible (8) ____________ . Other things may

have to go, too, if they do not (9) ____________

your most important goals and (10) ____________ .

However, you shouldn’t go completely mad

about this. Leave some time to (11) ____________

and have fun, or you could just (12) ____________

– and that would be a disaster.

burn out daily file fit in with identify

obligations organised planner priorities

relax revision time wasters

7

find out put off take on write down

6

Vocabulary: the first day at college

Complete the tips for new students withthe following words.

There was a lot for Jamila to do on her first day

at college, and it was hard to (1) _______________ .

She first went to the (2) _______________ centre

to get her student (3) _______________ card. Then

she ran all the way to the library in order to

be (4) _______________ for a tour of the

(5) _______________ there which was led by the

chief (6) _______________ . After that, she went to

a meeting with the Head and (7) _______________

Head of her Department. From there, she raced

to the (8) _______________ – not for a game of

basketball or anything like that, but to find

out about all the college clubs and

(9) _______________ such as sports and drama.

As she was going in, she saw an old friend

in the (10) _______________ to the building,

and they agreed to meet again later. Inside,

Jamila talked to a lot of people, and she

(11) _______________ for the volleyball team and

the folk music club. Then it was time to meet

her friend at the college (12) _______________

for coffee and something to eat. After an hour

together, she was really tired, and she went

back to her room for a good night’s sleep.

administration cafeteria deputy

entrance facilities get everything done

gymnasium identity librarian on time

signed up societies

8

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36

Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives

Underline all the pronouns and possessive adjectives in the sentences. Then add them tothe table below.

1 I’ve lost my book. Have any of you seen it?

2 Would you like me to help you with your work?

3 I saw myself on TV the other day. Have you ever seen yourselves on TV?

4 We tried to help him, but he didn’t want us there, and he didn’t want our help.

5 The children have had a bad day. She’s cut herself, and he’s burned himself.

6 Have you two got your tickets ready? I’ve got mine here, but have you both got yours?

7 Are these CDs ours or theirs? / They’re both theirs. This one is his, and the other one is hers. Look,

it’s got her name on it.

8 The climbers got caught in a storm at night. It got so bad that they couldn’t see and soon lost

their way. Two of the group fell and injured themselves.

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexivepronouns pronouns pronouns adjectives pronouns

Sing: 1st ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

2nd ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

3rd ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____

Plur: 1st ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

2nd ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

3rd ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

Complete the table yourself.

Write what you would say in these situations. Use words from the table.

1 You want to offer to carry a heavy case for an old lady.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 Somebody has picked up your school bag instead of his / her own bag, which you now pick up

and point at as you call.

Hey! That bag’s ____________ , not ____________ . This one is ____________ bag.

3 You want to get your magazine back from your friend.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 You want to warn your little brother to stop playing with the kitchen knife because of the danger

of cutting himself.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 Explain what you gave your brother and your sister at Eid.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3

2

1

Language

Would you like

Could

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37

Reflexive pronouns: mixed uses

Use reflexive pronouns to complete the sentences. In addition to the normal way, use reflexives with by, with for and also to emphasise.

1 I know you both want to turn back, but I _______________ feel we should go on.

2 Your hair looks terrible. Look at _______________ in the mirror.

3 You don’t need to explain. I can see _______________ what is happening.

4 The others were too tired to continue, so Salwa climbed _______________ to the top of the mountain.

5 Huda loved giving everybody else jobs to do, but she _______________ did very little work.

6 Ahmed is getting very strange. He talks to _______________ all the time!

7 I’ll tell you the answer this time, but in future you must learn to think _______________ .

8 Hassan is so strong that he was able to move the cooker _______________ , without any help.

9 The question _______________ is not very complicated, but the answer certainly is.

10 The boy fell down the stairs and hurt _______________ quite badly.

11 The old lady lives _______________ these days, and she rarely goes out to see anyone.

12 You don’t need to explain what I did to everyone. I can speak _______________ .

Indirect forms

Look at Sameer Badawi’s lists of questions for his Department Head, Dr Bremner, and for the librarian. Use the starters in the box below to turn them into polite, indirect forms.

Questions for Dr Bremner1 What day do lectures start?2 Is there a timetable for lectures?3 Can we see you to discuss any problems?4 Is it necessary for us to buy all the books on the reading list?5 How much written work are we supposed to produce each semester?

Questions for the librarian1 Do students have to pay to borrow books?2 When does the library close in the evening?3 Can anybody use the computers in the library?4 Is the library open at the weekend and during holidays?5 What do we do when somebody else has the books we need?

Questions for Dr Bremner1 _____________________________________________________________________________

2 _____________________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

I wonder Can I ask Can you tell me May I ask Could you say Could you tell me

5

4

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38

Questions for the librarian1 _____________________________________________________________________________

2 _____________________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Puzzle

Do the puzzle and find 10 words. Use words from Student’s Book pages 56–61.

6

1 The most important thing is the top ... .

2 Don’t ... so much. Everything will be all right.

3 something you have to do

4 aims

5 With this, you know what you need to do

and when.

6 every day

7 For some people, the ... of life are so great

that they burn out.

8 Too much ... is a bad thing, so you need to

find ways of reducing it and relaxing.

9 Air companies usually have different ... for

summer and winter flights.

9

7

3

6

4

2

8

5

1

10

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39

The Road Not Taken is one of the most famous works by the American poet, Robert Frost

(1874–1963). He is highly regarded, particularly in the US, where he is known for his interest in

pastoral themes. Frost lived for a while in a rural part of England, and this poem was written after

a walk in the countryside. While the form of the verse is traditional, it reflects the rhythms and

vocabulary of ordinary modern speech.

The Road Not TakenTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth; (1)

Then took the other, as just as fair, (2)

And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear; (3)

Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same,

Glossary

1 undergrowth smaller plants growing close

together under larger trees

2 as just as fair being just as attractive

3 wanted wear new, as in need of being used

4 ages and ages hence a long, long way into

the future

Reading for pleasure

Read the poem and choose the bestsummary.

1 The narrator is describing a walk in a

wood. He comes to a fork in the path

and has to choose the best route. One

path is worn and so has been clearly

used, which suggests it’s the right way

to go. The other path is grassy which

suggests few people have taken it.

Yet the narrator chooses the second

path, even though it may go in the

wrong direction because he thinks

it will be different and more interesting.

2 As a traveller on the road of life, the

narrator wants to join two different

roads, but he can only choose one

of them. He chooses the one less

travelled, and that ‘makes all the

difference’. The poem is a call for

the reader to choose his or her

own way in life and not follow the

path that others have already taken.

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Answer the questions.

1 And having perhaps the better claim …

Why was it better to take this path?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Had worn them really about the same, …

What was the condition of the two paths?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Yet knowing how way leads on to way, …

So why does he doubt he’ll ever come back?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 And that has made all the difference.

What kind of difference has it made?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2

And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh, I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence: (4)

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I –I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.

Robert Frost

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40

Cecil L. Harrison is an American poet who fought with the US Marines against Japan in World War

2, and in particular in the last major battle of the war in Okinawa from April to June 1945. He

witnessed the death of 200,000 Japanese soldiers and civilians, and 100,000 US casualties.

War is never over (1)

War is never overThough the treaties may be signedThe memories of the battlesAre forever in our minds

War is never overSo when you welcome heroes homeRemember in their minds they holdMemories known to them alone

War is never overNam (2) veterans (3) know this wellNow other wars bring memories backOf their own eternal hell

War is never overFor I knew world war two (4)

And I'll not forget the battlesOr the nightmares that ensue

War is never overThose left home to wait know thisFor many still are waitingIt was their farewell (5) kiss

War is never overThough we win the victoryStill in our minds the battles No freedom is not free! (6)

Cecil L. Harrison

Glossary

1 over finished

2 Nam short for Vietnam and referring to the

*Second Indo-Chinese War (1965–75) which

the USA and South Vietnam fought to prevent

communist North Vietnam from taking over

the south; an abbreviation invented and used

by Americans who fought there

*(The name ‘Vietnam War’ actually also covers the First and

Second Indo-Chinese Wars, the first being fought by the

French and the Vietnamese army against the communist

Vietnamese under Ho Chi-minh (1946-54), which led to the

separation of the country into north and south.)

3 veteran mainly a US expression for someone

who fought for his or her country in a war

4 world war two the war from 1939 to 1945, in

which the main countries on one side were

Germany, Italy and Japan and, on the other,

Britain, the USA and the Soviet Union

5 farewell (old-fashioned) goodbye

6 No freedom is not free = No, freedom is not

free!

Reading for pleasure

Read the poem and decide which ofthese opinions the poet would agree with.

1 There is nothing which is worth fighting

a war over.

2 Soldiers never forget the battles

they fought.

1

3 The people who stayed at home

sometimes suffer more than those

who died.

4 Defending freedom costs lives.

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Answer the questions.

1 Though the treaties may be signed …

What treaties does the poet mean?

______________________________________________

2 So when you welcome heroes home …

Who does you refer to?

______________________________________________

3 Nam veterans know this well …

What is a Nam veteran?

______________________________________________

4 For many still are waiting / It was their farewell

kiss …

Why are they waiting? Why was it their

farewell kiss?

______________________________________________

2

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41

Opposites

Find opposites of words in Student’sBook page 67.

Letters to Jasmin

1 past _______________

2 put on (weight) _______________

3 start (2 words) _______________

4 refuse _______________

5 well _______________

Replies from Jasmin

6 difficult _______________

7 fat _______________

8 sad _______________

Complete the following using wordsfrom Exercise 1.

1 How _______________ do you speak French? /

Not too _______________ . I can do simple

things like shopping.

2 What’s wrong? You don’t look very

_______________ . / You’re right. I’m

_______________ because my grandmother is

very ill.

3 I want to _______________ another five kilos. /

But you already weigh far too little. You need

to _______________ some weight.

4 The university _______________ my first

application, but when I applied again, they

_______________ me!

5 Nadia’s _______________ was very unhappy. I

really hope that her _______________ will be

much better.

2

1

Reading and development 6 You’re feeding that cat too much. I know it

used to be very _______________ , but now it’s

far too _______________ !

7 The first part of the journey was

_______________ because the road was good,

but then the road ended, and things got

much more _______________ .

8 Our school year _______________ in

September, we _______________ for a break in

February, and then the year _______________ in

June.

Phrasal verbs: mixed

Complete the following with thesephrasal verbs from Student’s Book pages 66,67 and 69.

1 I can’t argue with her any more. I’m going to

_______________ and do what she says.

2 Salwa is very sad. Let’s go and talk to her and

try to _______________ her _______________ .

3 Everything is badly organised here. We need

you to come and _______________ things

_______________ .

4 It really _______________ me _______________

when I have to waste time looking for things.

5 My parents say I haven’t got time for both

football and basketball. I’m going to have to

_______________ one or the other.

6 All the problems at home have _______________

Ali _______________ badly. He’s very unhappy.

cheer up get down give in

give up sort out stress out

3

Dealing with stressUnit 7

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42

Vocabulary: feelings

Say how you would feel in thesesituations. Choose words from Box 1 and Box2. Try to use two adjectives for each situation.

1 You have to go up in front of the whole

school to receive a prize. On the way up, you

fall.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Three different teachers have today told your

class that you are going to have ‘surprise’

tests tomorrow.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 You have tried very hard to get into the local

football team to play your favourite sport,

but you have failed.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 Your brother went to study in America two

months ago. He wrote several times when he

first arrived, but you have heard nothing

since then.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 Your parents have given you a beautiful

present – exactly what you have wanted for

a long, long time.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 You are a passenger on a coach that is going

down a long, steep hill. The driver is going far

too fast, and he is not concentrating on the

road.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

angry annoyed depressed embarrassed

frightened happy nervous pleased

sad scared stressed (out) unhappy

upset worried

a bit a little quite very extremely

4

Vocabulary: a personal problem

Somebody else has written to Jasminabout one of the letter writers in the Student’sBook page 67. Read to find out who.Write the name. ____________________________

Complete the letter with words from thebox.

accept architect arguments

husband married refuse right now

unhappy university worried

6

5

If that happened, I would feel extremely

If that happened

and

Dear Jasmin

I’m very (1) _______________ about mysister, and I can’t stop thinking about her. She used to be a happyperson, but now she has become very (2) _______________ . There have been (3) _______________ between her and ourparents about her future. Mum and Dad want her to get (4) _______________

when she finishes school, and they havechosen somebody who would certainly be a good (5) _______________ to her. But she desperately wants a career, and sheloves architecture, so (6) _______________

she wants to (7) _______________ the placeat (8) _______________ she has been offered and to train to become an (9) _______________ . What should she do?Should she do what our parents want, or should she (10) _______________ ?

Salah (17)

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43

Verb + infinitive or verb + -ing (2)

You heard Tim and his sister Lucy inListening and speaking. Now complete the nextpart of their conversation. Use these lists tohelp you choose the correct forms of the verbsin brackets.

Tim I’ve got another problem, Lucy. Would

you mind (1) _______________ (give) me

some more advice?

Lucy OK, I’ll try (2) _______________ (help) if I

can. What’s the problem?

Tim Well, after our last conversation, I really

want (3) _______________ (work) harder,

especially in physics, but a few days ago I

forgot (4) _______________ (put) my

physics book away in my desk at school. I

expected (5) _______________ (find) it in

the same place in the physics *lab the

next day, but it had disappeared.

Lucy Oh, no! That’s so stupid!

Tim Well, I didn’t mean (6) _______________

(lose) it, did I?

Lucy No, of course not, but you really must stop

(7) _______________ (make) mistakes like

this.

Tim OK, OK, but what do you suggest? I’ve

given up (8) _______________ (look for) it

now. It’s gone.

Lucy Have you considered (9) _______________

(ask) your teacher for another one?

Tim I can’t face (10) _______________ (tell) him.

He’ll be so angry!

Verb + infinitivedecide expect forget decide

expect mean try want

Verb + -ingconsider face feel like

give up mind stop

1

Language Lucy Well, unless you decide (11) _______________

(do) that, you won’t get another book,

and then you won’t be able to study

properly. So even though you don’t feel

like (12) _______________ (talk) to him, you

don’t have any choice. You just have to!

Tim I suppose you’re right. Again!

*lab – short for laboratory

Complete the sentences. Use the correctforms of the pairs of verbs in the box.

1 A I ____________ ____________ the museum in

Bethlehem a long time ago, but I’m not

sure what year it was.

B Did you ____________ ____________ the

museum as I suggested when you were

there last month?

2 A I ____________ ____________ the book when

I was at the shop, but I forgot.

B Don’t worry. It just ____________

____________ it by phone instead.

3 A I’m ____________ ____________ 146.58 × 14.46

in my head, but it’s quite difficult!

B Why don’t you ____________ ____________ it

____________ on my calculator instead? It’ll

be a lot quicker!

4 A I’ll never ____________ ____________ my

cousin on TV for the first time.

B That reminds me. We mustn’t ____________

____________ her when she’s on TV again

tonight.

5 A You must ____________ ____________ things

we don’t need like DVDs.

B You’re right, but I’m going to ____________

and ____________ some things we do need

at the supermarket on my way home.

6 A She’s amazing. She ____________

____________ novel after novel for ten years.

B And now, she’s ____________ ____________

a book of poetry.

forget / watch go on / write mean / order

remember / visit stop / buy try / work out

2

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44

Suggesting, advising and warnings

Write what you would say if you were inthese situations. Use the starters in brackets.

1 Your neighbour’s child is climbing on a high

wall. You are worried that he will fall and hurt

himself. (If you don’t ..., you’ll ...)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 You and your friends are discussing where to

go. Your suggestion is the park. (What about

(+ -ing) ...)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Your friend has felt ill for several days but

does not want to go to the doctor. You think

a visit to the doctor would be sensible. (If I

were you, I’d ...)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 Your brother has had several money

presents for Eid and is not sure how to use

the cash. Make two suggestions. (You could ...

or ...)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 Your sister is having problems with her

homework, and you can’t help her very

much. You think it would be a good idea for

her to ask her teacher to explain everything

again. (You had better ...)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 Your brother has started smoking, and you

want him to stop. You are worried about him

a) wasting a lot of money, and b) destroying

his health. (Unless you ..., you’ll ...)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Use words from Student’sBook Unit 7 pages 66–71.

Across

1 a big, important test

2 She often ... the amount of sweet things she

eats, but then she slowly starts to eat more

again.

3 think very hard about something

4 frighten

5 If people are unpleasant to you, it is very

easy to get ... .

6 a married woman

7 He is so ... that he can run all day!

8 Don’t be depressed about it. Don’t let it get

you ... .

Down

1 You need ... help. I’m going to call the doctor.

2 He was unhappy, but the good news soon ...

him up.

3 You need to choose a subject to study that

you like and that will ... you.

4 not sure

5 If she has to do too many things at the same

time, she gets very ... out.

4

6

4

3

1 2

3

1 2

4 5

5

7 8

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45

Ella Wheeler Wilcox (1850–1919) was one of the USA’s most optimistic writers. Her poems and

prose demonstrate the triumph of hope over despair, of victory over failure and of good over evil.

But her popularity attracted criticism of her poetry, which some felt was too sentimental.

Solitude

Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep,(1) and you weep alone. For the sad old earth must borrow its mirth,(2)

But has trouble enough of its own. Sing, and the hills will answer; Sigh,(3) it is lost on the air. The echoes(4) bound(5) to a joyful(6) sound, But shrink from(7) voicing(8) care.(9)

Rejoice,(10) and men will seek(11) you; Grieve,(12) and they turn and go. They want full measure(13) of all your pleasure,(14)

But they do not need your woe.(15)

Be glad, and your friends are many;Be sad, and you lose them all. There are none to decline(16) your nectared wine,(17)

But alone you must drink life’s gall.(18)

Feast,(19) and your halls are crowded; Fast,(20) and the world goes by.(21)

Succeed and give, and it helps you live, But no man can help you die. There is room in the halls of pleasure(22)

For a long and lordly train,(23)

But one by one we must all file on(24)

Through the narrow aisles(25) of pain.(26)

Ella Wheeler Wilcox

Glossary

1 weep cry, often used in poetry

2 mirth (old-fashioned) laughter

3 sigh breathe out with a long, soft sound thatmay show you are sad or happy – here, sad

4 echoes sounds that are repeated as soundwaves hit e.g. walls and come back

5 bound jump

6 joyful very happy

7 shrink from draw back from

8 voicing talking about

9 care (old-fashioned) worry

10 rejoice feel and express great happiness

11 seek look for

12 grieve feel very sad

13 full measure the full amount

14 all your pleasure everything that you enjoy

15 woe sorrow, sadness

16 decline say no to

17 nectared wine sweet drink

18 gall (old-fashioned) something that tastesterrible and is poisonous

19 feast (old-fashioned) eat a large amount,often at a special time

20 fast eat nothing for a period of time

21 goes by passes you without stopping

22 halls of pleasure large rooms where peoplecome together to enjoy themselves

23 long and lordly train fine-looking group ofpeople moving forward in a long line

24 one by one ... file on go on one at a time

25 narrow aisles narrow spaces for walking

26 pain illness, loneliness and death

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Maltbie D. Babcock (1858–1901) was famous more as a priest(1) than as a poet, but his hymns(2) are

still sung in many churches today. He had an ability to express truth and morality(3) simply.

Be Strong

Be strong!We are not here to play, to dream, to drift,

We have hard work to do, and loads to lift.

Shun not the struggle;(4) face it. ‘Tis(5) God’s gift.

Be strong!Say not the days are evil,(6) – Who’s to blame?(7)

And fold not the hands and acquiesce, – O shame!(8)

Stand up, speak out, and bravely, in God’s name.

Be strong!It matters not how deep entrenched the wrong,(9)

How hard the battle goes, the day, how long.

Faint(10) not, fight on! To-morrow comes the song.(11)

Maltbie D. Babcock

46

Reading for pleasure

Read the poem and decide what it tellsthe reader to do. Circle the correct word.

laugh weep sing sigh be glad be sad

Decide if the following words have apositive or negative meaning in the poem.Write (P) or (N).

care ___ fast ___ feast ___ full measure ___

gall ___ mirth ___ nectared ___ shrink ___

2

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Tick (4) the true statements, accordingto the poem.

1 The earth is a sad place, but people make

it happy.

2 Sighing is a sound which no one hears.

3 If you grieve, people will try to help you.

4 When you’re unhappy, you’re unpopular.

5 You’ll always be alone if you’re successful.

6 You should learn to suffer pain alone.

1

Glossary

1 priest religious leader

2 hymns Christian religious songs

3 morality ideas about right and wrong in theway we think and behave

4 struggle hard fight

5 ‘Tis (old-fashioned) It is

6 evil very bad

7 blame say or think s.b. or sth is the cause ofan accident, problem or bad situation

8 shame state of feeling bad or embarrassedafter behaving badly

9 the wrong something that is bad

10 faint when your brain stops working for ashort time, and you collapse

11 To-morrow comes the song the prize, thehappy time in life after death

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Reading for pleasure

Read the poem and decide if it suggestsyou should or shouldn’t do the following.Write √ or X.

dream ___

faint ___

fight on __

fold your hands ___

lift loads ___

play ___

speak out ___

stand up ___

Work out the meanings. Tick (4) (a) or(b).

1 drift means something like

(a) be decisive ___ .

(b) be uncertain ___ .

2 shun means

(a) to accept ___ .

(b) to avoid or refuse___ .

3 acquiesce means

(a) to agree to something ___ .

(b) to disagree with something ___ .

4 Something which is entrenched is

(a) difficult to change ___ .

(b) new ___ .

2

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Say whether these sentences are true (T)or false (F). Correct the false statements.

1 Life is a struggle which we should face. ___

2 We should not stand back and simply

accept our fate. ___

3 We need to fight for right and against

wrong. ___

4 It is acceptable to have a moment’s

doubt. ___

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

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Punctuation

Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capital letters (15), full stops (2), a colon (:) and commas (7).

applicants should send their curriculum vitae and a covering letter in english to ms j ashour human

resources manager at po box 7854 ramallah stating the relevant job title and reference number

closing date thursday march 5

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at Student’s Book page 77.

Curriculum vitae

Think about yourself in ten years from now. Write the CV that you might have by then.Use Arwa Abed’s CV on Student’s Book p 77 to help you feel free to imagine details.

3

2

1

Reading and development

Your future world of workUnit 8

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: __________________________________________

Contact details Address: ___________________________________________________________

Personal data Date of birth: __________________________________

_____________________ __________________________________

Education Qualifications

_____________________ _____________________________ ______________________________________________

_____________________ _____________________________ ______________________________________________

_____________________ _____________________________ ______________________________________________

Work experience

_____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Languages _____________________________ _____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

Skills _____________________________ _____________________________

Achievements ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Interests _____________________________ _____________________________

_____________________________ _____________________________

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Vocabulary: writing a CV

Use words from the two boxes to complete the two paragraphs of advice.

There is a (1) ____________ of slightly different ways for an (2) ____________ to write a good

(3) ____________ ____________ (CV for short). Whatever way you do it, though, the (4) ____________ is to

write it so that it will attract the employer’s attention immediately and increase the chances of a

positive (5) ____________ . The main points are that a CV must take up no more than a page, and that

all the information it (6) ____________ must be very clear and tidy. It must give a full picture of your

education and (7) ____________ , normally starting with the most recent information first.

Where possible, emphasise points that are (8) ____________ to the particular application. For example,

if you are applying for a (9) ____________ or (10) ____________ job in business, be sure to mention, e.g.

a (11) ____________ from a (12) ____________ evening course in IT skills as well as your main

(13) ____________ studies, e.g. your university (14) ____________ course. Then again, if you are applying

for a manager’s job, show that you can lead and organise. For example, if you were (15) ____________

as a student (16) ____________ at college, make sure that you say so.

Definitions

Match the words in the box to the definitions below.

1 ________________ the various tasks that a job requires you to do

2 ________________ top manager’s job in a company or other organisation

3 ________________ person who helps managers e.g. by preparing letters and other documents

4 ________________ area of an organisation’s activities that creates and uses systems to get work

done efficiently

5 ________________ A good ... is somebody who can make other people understand and get

interested in his / her ideas, plans, etc.

6 ________________ help

7 ________________ organise and control the activities of other people in, e.g., in a company

8 ________________ person or organisation that creates an advert and places it, e.g. in a

newspaper

9 ________________ the things you wear, e.g. jacket, shirt, trousers

10 ________________ area of an organisation’s activities that decides what needs to be done and

how it should be done

11 ________________ being full of energy and interest in favour of something

12 ________________ feeling that one immediately gets about a person or thing

13 ________________ person who is asked questions e.g. at a job interview

14 ________________ being the right or most sensible thing or action in a particular situation, e.g.

wearing a business suit to work in an office

administration advertiser appropriate assistance clothes communicator direct

director duties enthusiastic impression interviewee management secretary

5

administrative certificate degree elected full-time

part-time relevant representative secretarial

applicant career challenge curriculum vitae provides range response

4

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Formal letters

Put the material in the right order and use the sentence parts to write out a complete letterof application in business letter format.

GlobalCom (Palestine) * Ramallah * Ms J Ashour * PO Box 7854 * Human Resources Manager

Huda Hussein * Enc * H Hussein * Yours sincerely

Gaza * 152 Al Quds Road * PO Box 2359 * February 21, (+ year)

Application for the post of Secretary * Dear Ms Ashour

/ hope / application will receive / positive response / very much look forward / hearing from you /

due course

/ feel sure / have / skills and experience / need, and / believe / would be able / carry out / required

duties / job to a high standard

/ like / apply / post / Secretary, Office / Director (Ref: GCP298), which / advertised / Ramallah News

three days ago, / February 18 / attach / copy / CV, as required

6

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

__________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

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Prepositions

Jameela Ashour is discussing theGlobalCom advert with her assistant, OmarBader. Complete the conversation withappropriate prepositions from the box. (Youcan find a lot of them in the advert onStudent’s Book page 77.)

JA Let’s talk (1) ____________ our new advert.

OB What would you like to begin (2) _________ ?

JA I think we should say something

(3) ____________ GlobalCom – that we

build websites (4) ____________ business

customers all (5) ____________ the world.

OB And then should we provide a list

(6) ____________ the various jobs?

JA Yes, and I want to add two more jobs

(7) ____________ the list. First, we need a

new personal assistant (8) ____________ /

____________ the Director, and we also

need a secretary to help this new PA.

OB Then I suppose we need to give the

requirements (8) ____________ /

____________ each job below.

JA Yes, and I’ve already made some notes

(10) ____________ / ____________ some

(11) ____________ the duties and

responsibilities. Let’s start (12) ____________

the job (13) ____________ PA. This person

has to provide close support

(14) ____________ the Director and carry

out a wide range (51) ____________

secretarial and administrative tasks.

OB But she doesn’t have to do everything

(16) ____________ herself, does she?

JA No, no. Please add that she will have the

help (17) ____________ a full-time

secretary.

OB Right, and what qualifications are we

looking (18) ____________ ?

JA Well, she’ll certainly need a degree

(19) ____________ business administration.

about at by for in

of on over to with

1

Language OB And how many years (20) ____________

experience?

JA (21) ____________ least three, I think.

OB What about computer skills?

JA She’ll need experience (22) ____________ all

the important software. And it would

certainly help (23) ____________ her to

have an interest (24) ____________ website

design.

OB What (25) ____________ languages?

JA There’ll be a need (26) ____________ both

English and Arabic – spoken and written,

(27) ____________ course. And please add

a requirement that applicants should

apply (28) ____________ English as a first

test (29) ____________ their language

ability. And another point: it’s important

(30) ____________ the successful applicant

to be a good communicator.

Offers

Use the sentence parts to write thesecretary’s offers to people who are calling totalk to different managers.

1 I’m sorry, but there’s no answer.

you / me / would / like / a message / to take

______________________________________________

2 I’m afraid he’s with a customer at the moment.

like / to call / you / back / you / him / would

______________________________________________

3 I’m sorry, but she’s not at her desk.

her / a message / would / like / to leave /

you / her / for

______________________________________________

4 I’m afraid he’s in a meeting at the moment.

somebody else / instead / like / you / you /

to help / would

______________________________________________

5 I’m sorry, but she’s travelling on business

today.

you / me / mobile number / you / would /

to give / her / like

______________________________________________

2

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A note about Shakespeare and King Lear

William Shakespeare was born in 1564 inStratford-upon-Avon, England, and he becamethe most important of all English writers. As ayoung man, he moved to London, became anactor and later developed into England’s mostpopular writer of plays.

Shakespeare wrote King Lear around 1605,and most people think it is one of his greatestplays. The play is a story from ancient times,but the people of Shakespeare’s time understood very well the sufferings of Learand Gloucester at the hands of their own children. They were also worried about theviolence and social problems that can developwhen rulers and governments change. Theyhad just lived through such a change whenQueen Elizabeth died in 1603. She had no children of her own to be king or queen afterher, and this could have led to war.(Fortunately, though, Elizabeth had finallynamed her cousin’s son just as she was dying.This was King James of Scotland, who thenbecame ruler of both countries.)

Elizabethan England was a society that gaveevery person a clear place, high or low. Itrequired that people in lower positions shouldgive great respect to the rich and powerful,and also to parents and older people. Peoplewere shocked by the play King Lear because itshowed the king and others in high positionsbeing hurt by their children. It raised fears ofsocial destruction.

List of characters(1)

Lear, King of BritainLear is now an old man. He wants to leave thetroubles and pressures of being king, but hewants to be respected as if he was still king. Heexpects his daughters to be grateful to him forgiving them all his land and power and can’tunderstand why they treat him so badly. He isperhaps not a good king or a good man. Hegets angry very easily, and he makes a very stupid decision when he fails to take the goodadvice of the Earl(2) of Kent and Cordelia. Hismost serious mistake is to believe that love canbe bought. But by the end of the play he haslearned that love and justice are not found infine words and a show of power, but in actions.

CordeliaCordelia is the youngest of Lear’s threedaughters. She is intelligent, honest and kind.She understands at once the falseness and the

danger of her father’s plan to give awayeverything according to how much each ofhis daughters says she loves him. She refusesto play this game of competing with her sisters and saying she loves her father evenmore than they do. Instead, she tells the honest truth in simple words, and this makesher father angry with her. She is the onlydaughter who really loves him, however, andeven after his unkindness to her she comes torescue and look after him.

GonerilGoneril is Lear’s oldest daughter, and she ismarried to the Duke(3) of Albany. She is cruel,selfish and ambitious. She does not reallylove her father and cannot wait for him to diebefore getting her hands on his power. Sheworks with her sister Regan to destroy herfather’s life, in the end making him go mad.(4)

She prefers the evil Edmund to her own husband and turns against her sister whenshe sees her as a rival for Edmund’s love. Sheplans to kill her husband, and she poisons hersister before finally killing herself.

ReganRegan is even more cruel(5) than Goneril, sinceshe gets her husband the Duke of Cornwall totorture(6) and blind(7) the old Earl of Gloucesterand kills the servant(8) who tries to stop him.She tells Goneril’s servant Oswald to killGloucester. She understands and gets on wellenough with Goneril before they becomerivals for Edmund and therefore enemies.(9)

The Earl of KentThe Earl of Kent is King Lear’s greatest friendand adviser. Like Cordelia, he dislikes dishonesty and prefers to speak the honesttruth, even if it gets him into trouble; and likeher he remains true to Lear even after the oldKing has sent him away and talked aboutkilling him. However, like Lear, he gets angryeasily. Kent is such a friend to Lear that he feelshe cannot live long after the old King has died.

The Earl of GloucesterThe Earl of Gloucester is also an old man,with two grown-up sons. He gets on wellwith his legitimate(11) son Edgar, but he likeshis illegitimate son Edmund better. He is muchtoo quick to believe Edmund’s lies(12) about hisbrother. He wants to get on well with everyoneand tries to be a peacemaker between the Kingand his daughters – until he can no longeraccept their terrible treatment of Lear and

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decides it is time to do what is right. He is verybrave(13) when he is tortured.

EdmundEdumund is angry because his brother willreceive all his father’s money and powerwhile he himself will get nothing because his parents were not married. Edmund is cleverat making his father and brother feel what he wants them to feel. He is decisive, a goodleader of the army, brave in battle, and someone who does not mind danger.Unfortunately he is also secretive, selfish,(14)

cruel and does not care about anyone apartfrom himself – except for one time. Just beforehe dies, his brother forgives(15) him for the badthings he has done, and he in turn tries tosave the lives of Lear and Cordelia.

EdgarEdgar is in many ways rather similar to hisbrother Edmund. He too is quite secretive. Heenjoys acting the part of Tom the madman,and he is brave in battle, preventing his fatherfrom being killed by Oswald and finally fighting his brother man to man. What makeshim very different from Edmund is his feelings for others. He feels deeply sorry forthe King when he goes mad and for his

own father when he is blinded. He even feelssorry for Edmund when he is dying, and heforgives him.

The Duke of CornwallThe Duke of Cornwall matches his wife Reganclosely. He too is cruel and ambitious.(16)

The Duke of AlbanyThe Duke of Albany is basically a good manwho is married to a bad woman. He is weaker than his wife Goneril, who looksdown on him. But when he finds out how badshe really is, he is quick to say what he thinksof her, and is ready to act decisively.

The Fool(17)

Lear’s Fool is a strange person. He sees veryclearly how stupid Lear has been and tellshim so. He is intelligent in a strange way andfunny and rather sad. He stays with Learwhen he is mad and tries to make him feelhappier with his strange jokes. He clearlylikes the old King and calls him Nuncle(Uncle). He disappears from the play afterAct 3.(18) We do not really know what happensto him, except for what Lear says in the finalscene,(19) ‘My poor fool is hanged’.(20)

Glossary

1 character here, a person in a play (= drama)

2 earl a man with great power and a veryhigh place in English society

3 duke a man with great power and a veryhigh place in English society

4 mad ill in the mind, stupid, crazy

5 cruel causing pain or unhappiness toothers, the opposite of kind

6 torture hurt someone in a very cruel way,often to get information

7 blind damage or take out someone’s eyesso that they cannot see

8 servant someone who has the job ofworking for others

9 enemy someone who is against others andtries to hurt or kill them

10 legitimate correct according to the law;here a child with parents who are married

11 lie a statement that is not true and that thespeaker or writer knows is untrue

12 brave able to deal with danger, trouble orpain without being afraid

13 selfish thinking only about oneself and notcaring about others

14 forgive decide to stop being angry withsomeone who has done something bad

16 ambitious wanting very much to becomesuccessful, rich or famous

17 fool (1) a king’s personal entertainer (2) person who does not behave sensibly

18 act here, a large section of a play, e.g. The

play consists of five acts.

19 scene here, a smaller part of a play, e.g. Act 1

consists of four scenes.

20 hang here, kill by hanging someone with arope around the neck

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King Lear

ACT 1

A long time ago, Lear was King of Britain. Hehad three daughters. The oldest daughter,Goneril, was married to the Duke of Albany.His middle daughter, Regan, was the wife ofthe Duke of Cornwall. The King of France andthe Duke of Burgundy both wanted to marryhis youngest daughter, Cordelia.

King Lear was old and tired, and he decidedto give the country to his three daughters.They and their husbands would rule insteadof him, while he, with one hundred knights toprotect him, would stay with each daughter inturn for a month. In order to decide how toshare the country between his daughters heasked them to say how much they loved him.

Goneril, the oldest, said that she loved herfather very much. She made a long list ofthings of great value and said that she lovedher father more than any of them and as muchas life itself. The King was very pleased withher answer, and he gave her and her husbandone third of the land. Regan said that sheloved her father even more than her sister did.The King was very pleased again, and he gaveher and her husband another third of the land.

Cordelia, King Lear’s youngest daughter,was his favourite. He was sure that Cordeliawould say that she loved him even more thanthe other two. But Cordelia did not want tocompete with her sisters in boasting(1) abouther love for her father. She knew that they didnot love their father as much as they said.When her turn came, she said, ‘I love you as

much as a daughter should love her father, nomore and no less.’ Lear was shocked.(2) He toldher to think again, and give him a betteranswer. Cordelia said that it was right for achild to return the love its parent had given it.

King Lear was even more shocked and gotvery angry. He said that Cordelia was nolonger his daughter, and gave her share of thecountry to Goneril and Regan. It was now theturn of everyone else to be shocked. The King’sadvisers all thought that he was wrong but theEarl of Kent was the only one who was braveenough to say anything. He reminded the Kingthat Cordelia was his favourite daughter andthat she loved him very much. He asked theKing to think again, and to act more sensibly.But the King just got even angrier, and he sentKent away. Lear then asked the King of Franceand the Duke of Burgundy if they still wantedto marry Cordelia, now that she had nothingapart from the clothes she was wearing.Burgundy said no; but the King of Franceloved her for telling the truth and did not careabout land or money. Cordelia said goodbye toher sisters, asking them to look after theirfather well, and then she left with the King ofFrance. Her sisters warned each other thatLear’s cruel treatment of Cordelia meant thatthere was something wrong with his mind andthat in future he might also turn against them.

Meanwhile, the Earl of Gloucester’s illegitimate son Edmund was planning to takehis legitimate brother’s place. He showed his

A/W 8.1King Lear on his throne in his ancient palace, half-rising from the throne

and pointing angrily to banish the shocked Cordelia who has just spoken. Goneril and Regan both looking sneaky and pleased. King of France and

other baron types in a half-circle all around and all looking shocked.

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father a letter which he said had been writtenby Edgar. The letter asked him to help Edgarkill their father for a share of everything theold man had. Gloucester believed this.Edmund then told Edgar that their father wasvery angry with him and advised him to hidefrom the old man.

After Lear and his hundred knights(3) hadstayed with Goneril for two weeks, thingsstarted to go wrong. Goneril told her servantsto be rude and to quarrel(4) with Lear’s men.Although Lear had sent him away, the Earl ofKent returned. He disguised(5) himself as a

poor man, and he became Lear’s servant. Hehit Goneril’s servant Oswald for speaking disrespectfully to Lear, and then Lear’s Fooljoked that Lear himself had become the Foolbecause he had given away all his power to hisdaughters. Goneril was unkind to Lear aboutthe behaviour of his men. And now Learcursed(6) Goneril, wishing that if she had achild, that it would torment(7) her.

Lear was even more angry when he foundthat Goneril had got rid of fifty of his men. Hewas so upset by Goneril’s behaviour that hewas afraid he would go mad.

Glossary

1 boast say that what you have or do is better

than what others have or do

2 shocked be suddenly and unpleasantly

surprised

3 knight in the past, a soldier from a high

social class who fought on a horse

4 quarrel have a bad argument, fight with

words

5 disguise change clothes, etc, to look like

someone else

6 curse ask the gods to hurt or destroy

someone

7 torment cause terrible pain

Reading for pleasure

Read the passage and choose the bestsummary.

1 The first part of King Lear describes how

Lear shares the country between his three

daughters. Goneril and Regan both

describe how much they love their father,

and he gives each of them a third of his

land. Cordelia is more honest and tells

him she loves him as her father, no

more and no less.

2 In the first part of King Lear, Goneril and

Regan are interested in taking power from

their father and ruling the country. They say

that the old King is a great leader. Their

younger sister wants nothing to do with this

plan, and simply tells the old man that she

loves him because he is her father.

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Answer the questions.

1 Why does Lear ask how much his daughters

love him?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 How is Cordelia’s answer different from the

answers her sisters give?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 What does Lear do as a result of this answer,

and why is this so shocking?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 How does Edmund turn his father against his

half-brother Edgar, and why?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 By the end of Act 1, what does Lear realise

about Goneril?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2

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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 1 Scene 1: King Lear’s palace

Lear: Know that I have divided my country into three parts. I wish to spend my old age inpeace, and I want to leave the hard work of government to those who are young and strong,my daughters and their husbands. I am now going to say publicly what each of my daughterswill get from me, so as to avoid disagreements when I am gone. Now tell me, my daughters,which of you loves me the best, so that I can best reward her. Goneril, my eldest daughter,speak first.

Goneril: Sir, I love you more than words can say; better than eyesight, freedom, better thanall my riches; as much as life itself, as much as my health, my beauty, my honour; as much asany child ever loved its father; much more than all these things I love you.

Cordelia: [To herself] What can I say? Nothing – I will love in silence.Lear: [Showing the map] I make you the Lady of all this land, from here to here. You and your

children will rule this land forever. Now, our second daughter, Regan, speak up.Regan: I am just like my sister, so you should value me the same. She has said exactly what I

feel, except that I love you even more. I am only happy when I am with you, and I carenothing for any other things.

Lear: To you and your children for ever I give this other third of our country, no less than theone I gave to Goneril. Now, my dearest child, my youngest daughter, what do you have tosay to win a richer prize than your sisters?

Cordelia: Nothing, my lord.Lear: Nothing will come of nothing. Speak again.Cordelia: I cannot put my heart into my mouth. I love you, your Majesty, as much as a

daughter should love her father, no more, no less.Lear: What, Cordelia? Mend your speech a little, or it will damage your future.Cordelia: My dear lord, you are my father, you brought me up, you loved me. It is right that

in return for this I should obey you, love you, and honour you; and I do. Why have mysisters married, if they love you best? When I marry, my husband will have half my love.

Lear: Do you mean this?Cordelia: Yes, my lord.Lear: So young, and so uncaring.Cordelia: So young, my lord, and truthful.Lear: Fine, then keep your truth and nothing else. I am no longer your father, and from this

day you are a stranger to my heart and to me. I will be kinder to a man that eats his ownchildren than I will to you.

Kent: My lord king –Lear: Quiet, Kent. Do not come between me and my anger. I loved her the most, and thought

she would be kind to me in my old age. Call France, and Burgundy! Do it! Cornwall andAlbany, you can divide Cordelia’s third between you. I will keep for myself one hundredknights, and stay with each of you in turn one month, at your expense. I shall keep the nameof King, and the honour due to a king.

Kent: Lord king, I have always loved and honoured you, but you really don’t want to do this.Lear: You are making me angry.Kent: Let your anger fall on me, but I must speak! What are you doing, old man? Giving away

your country and your power to whoever flatters you the most? Stop this madness now, keepyour country. I know that Cordelia does not love you less than the others.

Lear: Silence, Kent, if you value your life!Kent: I’m not afraid to die in serving you.

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Lear: Out of my sight! [Lays his hand on his sword]Kent: I say that what you are doing is wrong.Lear: Hear me now, you foolish man. You have tried to make me break my word, a thing I

have never done. You have five days to get out of my country. After that, if you are foundhere, you will be killed.

Kent: Goodbye, king. May the gods protect you, Cordelia. As for you [to Regan and Goneril] Ihope your actions prove your speeches true. [He leaves]

[Enter France and Burgundy]Lear: My Lord Burgundy, you and this king both wanted my daughter’s love. I was going to

give her a third of my land, but now her price has fallen. There she stands, and the onlything she brings with her is my dislike. If you want her, she’s yours.

Burgundy: I don’t know what to say.Lear: Will you take her, with all her faults, with no friends, with a father who hates her, has

cursed her, and is now a stranger to her, or will you leave her?Burgundy: Forgive me, royal sir. I cannot choose her under these conditions.Lear: Leave her then. [To France] As for you, great King, I would not want you to marry

someone I hate, and therefore I ask you to set your love on a better person than her.France: This is very strange, that you should so suddenly hate the person who was your best,

your dearest, your favourite daughter. What terrible crime could she have committed tocause such anger?

Cordelia: Please your Majesty, tell people the true reason that you have stopped loving me.Make it clear that it is not for some horrible crime like murder, or some dishonour, butbecause I refused to flatter you.

France: Is that all? Beautiful Cordelia, to me you are still rich and desirable, because you tellthe truth. I will marry you and make you the Queen of France.

Lear: She is yours, France. She is no daughter of mine, and I will never see her face again. Youleave without my love, and without my blessing. [He leaves]

France: Say goodbye to your sisters.Cordelia: Sisters, our father loves you. I know what you truly are, but I don’t want to say it

out loud. Love our father and look after him. I leave him in your care; I only wish I couldleave him in a better place.

Regan: Don’t tell us what we should do.Goneril: Yes, you should work hard to make your husband happy, as he’s been so kind as to

take you when you have nothing, and leave us alone.Cordelia: Bad people are always found out in time.France: Come, Cordelia. [They leave]Goneril: Sister, I have a lot to say to you. I think our father will leave tonight.Regan: Yes, he’s going to you first, then next month to us.Goneril: I have been watching him closely, and you see how he changes his mind all the time

now that he is old. He always loved Cordelia the most, and then he does this to her. It showshis bad judgement.

Regan: It’s his age that makes him so changeable.Goneril: He has always acted without thinking carefully, and now that he is old this fault will

grow worse.Regan: We will see more sudden acts like sending Kent away.Goneril: We must talk more about this. If he continues to have power and to be so angry and

unpredictable, he may turn against us. We have to stop him, as soon as possible.

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Punctuation

Rewrite the following. Put in capitalletters (13), full stops (3), commas (4),apostrophes (2) and hyphens (...-...) (2).

since then it has always been a city thatwelcomes different cultures and lifestyles and ithas for example large chinese and arabamerican communities beautiful san franciscois also near silicon valley which is the heart ofamericas computer industry san francisco istherefore one of americas top career as well astourist destinations

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 87.

Word families: nouns and adjectives

Add words from the text on Student’sBook page 87 to complete the word families.

Noun Adjective

Section 1 (Introduction)

1 difference _______________

2 _______________ cultural

3 _______________ industrial

Section 2 (Fact file)

4 combination _______________

5 _______________ dangerous

3

2

1

Reading and development Section 4 (US entry requirements: study visas)

6 medicine _______________

7 specialist _______________

Complete the following with pairs ofwords from Exercise 3.

1 Ali has always wanted to study _______________ ,

and now he’s just started at _______________

school this year.

2 Can you taste the _______________ between

them? / No, to me they don’t taste any

_______________ .

3 Dr Mansour is a _______________ in Islamic

design, and he says that these old tiles are

very _______________ .

4 Egypt had one of the great _______________ of

the Ancient World. This new _______________

history, Land of the Pharaohs, shows how

great it was.

5 After the earthquake, a lot of buildings were

in a _______________ condition. There was a

real _______________ that they would collapse.

Word families: verbs and nouns

Add words from the text on Student’sBook page 87 to complete the word families.

Verb Noun

1 discover _____________

2 tour _____________

3 enter _____________

4 require _____________

5 study _____________ / _____________

6 immigrate _____________

7 apply _____________ / _____________

8 _____________ traveller

9 photograph ____________ / photography

10 visit _____________ / _____________

5

4

Palestinians around theworldUnit 9

58

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59

Complete the following with pairs ofwords from Exercise 5.

1 What qualifications do they _______________ ?

/ The main _______________ is a good tawjihe

result.

2 The US is a nation of _______________ , and

people are still _______________ and settling in

America in large numbers.

6 3 Have you _______________ for the job yet? /

Yes, I sent my _______________ yesterday.

4 If you are a college _______________ and you

want to _______________ in America, you need

a special visa.

5 The scientists have _______________ a huge

ancient city deep in the South American

forest. This is a very important _______________ .

Vocabulary: book publications

Complete the network with words from the box that you know.

_______________ _______________ _______________

(book for book for memories of school studies) tourists one’s life

_______________ BOOK _______________

(drama)PUBLICATIONS

(long story)

_______________ _______________ _______________

(study of a (information about (meaningsparticular issue) the whole world) of words)

dictionary encyclopedia guidebook memoir novel play report textbook

7

Complete the following with words from Exercise 7.

1 At the beginning of the school year, we all get new _______________ .

2 If you don’t know a word, look it up in the _______________ .

3 When you visit Jerusalem, you really need a good _______________ .

4 The UN has produced a good _______________ on disease control.

5 Last year we read the _______________ Silas Marner, and this year we are studying Shakespeare’s

play King Lear.

Vocabulary: geographical features

Complete the description with words from the box.

The Bay Area is a large (1) ____________ community that (2) ____________ San Francisco (3) ____________ .

(4) ____________ , there is Silicon Valley, the famous home of the American IT industry. The sea is part

of life here, and there are various (5) ____________ , which many ships and fishing boats use. Over the

years, San Francisco was the point of (6) ____________ for many immigrants arriving by sea from Asia.

This explains why even today there is a large (7) ____________ Chinese community of around 150,000.

Bay entry ethnic Nearby ports surrounds urban

9

8

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60

Vocabulary: travel to America

Complete the conversation with words from the box.

A Are you applying for an ordinary tourist (1) ____________ , or one for academic or vocational

(2) ____________ ?

B One that allows me to study English in America.

A Well, that’s no problem. You’ll just need to complete the right forms, pay the (3) ____________ of

$45.00, show that you have a (4) ____________ passport and also provide (5) ____________ that you

have enough money to live in America for the time that you want to stay.

Vocabulary: a park

Complete the description with words from the box.

What is now Golden Gate Park used to be a large area of (1) ____________ to the west of San Francisco.

Today, it is a beautiful, (2) ____________ park where you can do all kinds of energetic (3) ____________

activities or, on the other hand, just (4) ____________ . You can go to the various (5) ____________

____________ and play football, basketball and many other sports, or you can just walk quietly through

large flower gardens.

outdoor peaceful relax sand visa sports grounds

11

fee proof studies valid visa

10

be and have

Use the sentence parts to make threestatements.

1 the River Nile / almost 6,700 kilometres /

(length / long)

a __________________________________________

__________________________________________

b __________________________________________

__________________________________________

c __________________________________________

__________________________________________

2 the Atlantic Ocean / approximately 5,000

kilometres / (width / wide)

a __________________________________________

__________________________________________

b __________________________________________

__________________________________________

1

Language c __________________________________________

__________________________________________

3 the Atlantic / roughly three kilometres /

(depth / deep)

a __________________________________________

__________________________________________

b __________________________________________

__________________________________________

c __________________________________________

__________________________________________

4 Mount Everest / nearly 9,000 metres / (height

/ high)

a __________________________________________

__________________________________________

b __________________________________________

__________________________________________

c __________________________________________

__________________________________________

The River Nile has a length of almost

6,700 kilometres.

The length of the River Nile is almost

6,700 kilometres..

The River Nile is almost 6,700

kilometres long.

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61

Defining relative clauses

Think back to Units 1 and 2 and match a-fto 1–6. Join them with relative pronouns who orwhich and write them out as single sentences.

1 Oil, coal and gas are all fossil fuels.

2 Yassir Farra is an oil worker.

3 Michelle Carr is a Canadian geologist.

4 New York was the place.

5 The newest record holder is a thin, silver-

blue building.

6 There would be hundreds of lifts for the people.

a It became the first city of skyscrapers.

b They may one day live in ‘the city in the sky’.

c He comes from Palestine and works in Saudi

Arabia.

d They were formed millions of years ago.

e It stands high above the city of Dubai.

f She works in the North Sea to the east of

Britain.

1 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Reduced relative clauses

Think back to Unit 3. Cross out relativepronouns where it is possible to leave them out.

1 Rainwater is one of the things that Fadi and

Huda save or recycle.

2 The Gaza City leaflet is about things that

people can do to save water.

3 The Oxford City Council leaflet is the one

which is about recycling rubbish.

3

2

4 It talks about people who are doing various

things to reduce, repair and recycle.

Think back to Unit 4. Cross outunnecessary words in each sentence and writeit out with reduced relative clauses.

1 The Aswan High Dam it is the name of the

dam which the government completed it in

1970.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 The smaller dam at Aswan it is the one that

the government had constructed it 70 years

earlier.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 The High Dam it was the first project which

Mousa Barakat worked on it after he

graduated from Alexandria University.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 Egyptian farmers they were the people who

the dam most clearly helped them.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Non-defining relative clauses

Think back to Unit 5. Add the secondsentence to the first as a non-defining relativeclause. Put in the necessary commas, and adda relative pronoun.

1 Banks usually have special offers for

students. They all want to attract young

people as new customers.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 When you check the various offers, ask

yourself whether they are really useful or

not. You ought to make time to do this.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5

4

The Aswan High Dam is the name of

the dam

Banks, which all want to attract young

people as customers, usually have special

offers for students.

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62

3 Be careful when you choose your future

bank. It should have a branch near where

you are going to live.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 When you open an account, you will be

given a chequebook and a debit card. You

should do this before you leave home.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 You can use your card to get money from

cash machines. These are called ATMs in

American English.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 If you have financial problems, you can talk to

your bank about a loan. A lot of students do.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

7

1

1

4

4

2

2

5

8

6

3

3

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Find words fromStudent’s Book pages 86–91.

Across

1 a place that you travel to

2 Cousins, uncles, aunts and grandparents are

all ... .

3 Before you enter the country, you have to

meet several ... requirements.

4 Three-two-two-four-five: that’s three-...-two-

four-five.

5 Omar has moved to a new apartment, but he

doesn’t have a new ... number. He just uses

his mobile.

6

6 a large area of water which has land part of

the way around it

7 Look at the date on your passport. It runs out

next month, and it won’t be ... after that.

8 It’s a good place to live. The school and the

shops are quite ... .

Down

1 go all the way round

2 San Francisco has a lot of ... communities, but

the largest is the Chinese-American one.

3 Three-two-two-two-four-five: that’s three-...-

two-four-five.

4 We added some cold water to ... the

temperature.

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63

King Lear

ACT 2

Edmund told his brother Edgar to run awaybecause someone had told their father wherehe was hiding, and that he would be killed.Edgar believed this and ran. He planned tohide from his father’s men by pretending to bea mad, homeless person. Meanwhile, Edmundcut his arm with his sword.(1) Then he told hisfather that Edgar had done this because he,Edmund, had refused(2) to help Edgar kill theold man. Gloucester was very angry, but alsovery sad: ‘O madam, my old heart is cracked,it’s cracked!’ he told Regan. Regan blamed(3)

Edgar’s (apparent) evil(4) plan to kill his ownfather on the terrible influence(5) of Lear andhis knights.

Lear asked Kent to take a letter to hisdaughter Regan. The letter told Regan to getready because he was coming to stay at herhouse with all his knights. But Goneril alsosent a letter to Regan. She complained abouttheir father and warned her sister that his menwere noisy and expensive.

The two messengers(6) arrived at the sametime, and they argued with each other. Kenthit Goneril’s messenger Oswald and he fell tothe ground. Regan and her husband the Dukeof Cornwall ordered their men to make Kent a prisoner, even though it was extremely disrespectful to do this to the King’s messenger.When the King arrived, the first thing he sawwas his servant Kent as a prisoner. He couldnot believe that anyone would dare(7) to do thisto his messenger. He demanded(8) to see his

daughter and her husband, but he was toldthey were too tired to see him. Then he sawthat Goneril was already there. She had cometo tell her sister not to look after Lear.

Regan later told the King to go home withGoneril. She told him to send away fifty of hismen and ask Goneril to forgive him for beingangry and thinking too much of himself.

The King reminded Regan that he had givenher half of all his land, and asked her to let himstay, with all his men. Regan said that evenfifty men were too many. She would acceptonly twenty-five. So Lear said that he wouldgo back with Goneril. He said that she mustlove him twice as much as Regan because shewould allow him fifty knights instead of twenty-five. Then the sisters said that really he didn’t need ten, or five, or even one of hisown men.

The King now realised that giving awayeverything had been a terrible mistake. Hehad lost all his power, and his two olderdaughters felt no love or kindness for him. Itwas night time and a terrible storm was justbeginning. Goneril and Regan offered shelter(9)

to Lear, but not to any of his men. He felt hecould not stay with either daughter, so hewent out into the storm, alone except for Kentand his old Fool.

The old Earl of Gloucester felt sorry for Lear,but Goneril and Regan only said that if theirfather was suffering, he himself was the one to blame.

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64

Glossary

1 sword a weapon that is held in the hand and

is used for cutting and killing

2 refuse say that you will not do or accept

something

3 blame say or think that someone or

something is the cause of a problem,

accident or bad situation

4 evil very bad

5 influence power to persuade and affect the

behaviour of others

6 messenger someone who carries messages

or letters to people

7 dare be brave or mad enough to do

something even though it is very dangerous

or may cause trouble

8 demand say strongly and clearly that you

want something

9 shelter something that protects you from

bad weather or other kinds of danger

Reading for pleasure

Decide which words you can use todescribe (a) Lear and (b) Goneril and Regan.

a Lear: _________________________________________

______________________________________________

b Goneril and Reagan: _________________________

______________________________________________

angry badly advised cruel dishonest

mistaken sad selfish shocked

shocking suffering ungrateful wrong

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Tick (4) the correct answer:

1 Edmund cuts his arm because

a he wants his father to feel sorry

for him.

b he does not want to do any

work that day.

c he thinks it will make others

think he is a great fighter.

d he wants his father to believe

that Edgar has tried to kill him.

2 Lear leaves Goneril and goes to see

Regan because

a he likes Regan’s husband

better than Goneril’s.

b Goneril has run out of food in her

castle and cannot feed his men.

c he is angry with Goneril for

sending away fifty of his men.

d he is worried that Goneril wants

to kill him.

Complete the sentences.

1 Lear says that Goneril must love him twice as

much as Regan because ____________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Regan and her husband order Kent to be

made a prisoner because ___________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Lear realises that giving away his kingdom

has been a mistake because ________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 The Earl of Gloucester feels sorry for King

Lear because ________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

2

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65

Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 2 Scene 4: In front of the Earl of Gloucester’s castle

Lear: How strange that they should leave their home, and not send back my messenger.Kent: Good morning, my lord.Lear: Why are you tied up? Who has dared to do this to you?Kent: It was your son and daughter.Lear: No.Kent: Yes.Lear: No, they would not.Kent: Yes, they have.Lear: They dare not do it; they could not, would not, do it. It’s worse than murder, to treat my

messenger so badly. Oh, I can hardly speak – I feel pain round my heart – keep down,sorrow! Where is my daughter?

Kent: With the Earl of Gloucester, sir, inside.Lear: Stay here. Don’t follow me. [Goes in … comes back with Gloucester] They refuse to see me?

They are sick, they are tired, they have travelled all night? These are just excuses. Gloucester,I want to speak with the Duke of Cornwall and his wife.

Gloucester: Well, my lord, I have informed them so.Lear: Informed them? Do you understand me, man? The King wants to speak with Cornwall.

The father wishes to speak with his daughter. Are they informed of this? Go and tell the Dukeand his wife that I will speak with them! Now, at once! Oh, my heart, my rising heart! [EnterCornwall, Regan, servants] Good morning to you both. [Kent is set free]

Regan: I am glad to see your Majesty.Lear: Regan, I think you are. You should be glad to see me. If you were not, you would not be

my true daughter. My dear Regan, your sister has been so unkind, it’s like a sword in myheart. I can hardly speak – you will not believe what she – oh, Regan!

Regan: Please, sir, be patient. I’m sure you are wrong about her. She would never treat youbadly. You can’t blame her for trying to stop the bad behaviour of your men.

Lear: My curses on her!Regan: Sir, you are old, and near the end of your life. You should be guided by someone who

understands your condition better than you do. I ask you to return to my sister and admityou have wronged her.

Lear: Ask her to forgive me? Listen to what you are asking me to say: ‘Dear daughter, I admitthat I am old. Age is unnecessary. [Kneels] On my knees I ask that you will give me clothes,food, and a bed.’

Regan: Good sir, don’t do this. Go back to my sister.Lear: [Getting up] Never, Regan. She sent away half my men, she was cruel and ungrateful to

me. I hope heaven destroys her!Cornwall: Don’t say that, sir!Lear: I hope she is blinded, I hope she falls ill and loses all her beauty!Regan: Oh, Sir! You will wish the same on me when you’re in a bad mood.Lear: No, Regan, I will never curse you. You are kind-hearted, not unkind like her. You have

not forgotten to be grateful for the half of my land that I gave you. [Enter Goneril] Who isthis? Oh, heavens, help me against her. [To Goneril] How can you look at my face? Oh, Regan,will you take her by the hand?

Goneril: Why shouldn’t she take my hand? What have I done? Nothing that any personwould call wrong.

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66

Lear: Oh, my heart will break out of my body! How is it that my man was tied?Regan: Father, please try to behave sensibly. Return and stay with my sister for the rest of the

month, send away half your men, and then come to me. Lear: Return to her, and fifty men sent away? I’d rather live in the open air with animals and

birds as my companions, and go hungry and cold. Return with her? I would rather be theservant of this hateful servant [Pointing at Oswald].

Goneril: It’s your choice.Lear: I will not trouble you, my child – goodbye! I can be patient, I can stay with Regan, I and

my hundred knights.Regan: No, you can’t! I’m not ready for you, I’m not in my own house now and I can’t feed

and keep all those men. Please go with my sister. Fifty followers is a lot, why should youneed more than that? Why should you need so many?

Goneril: Why can’t you be looked after by her servants, or mine?Regan: Yes, why not? If they treated you badly, we would punish them. Really, if you come to

me, bring only twenty five men. I have no room for more.Lear: I gave you everything. Our agreement was that I should keep a hundred knights. And

now I must make do with twenty five? [To Goneril] She is worse than you. I’ll go with you.Your fifty is double twenty five, so you must love me twice as much as she does.

Goneril: Why do you need twenty five? Or ten? Or five?Regan: Why do you need one?Lear: It’s not a question of need! Heaven, give me patience! You see me here, you gods, a poor

old man, full of misery. If it is you that is making my daughters hate me, at least let me bearit like a man, with anger, and not like a woman, with tears in my eyes. No, you unnaturalwomen! I will take such revenge on both of you that the whole world shall – I will do suchthings – I don’t know what, but they will be the terrors of the earth. You think I’ll cry. No, I’llnot cry. I have good reason to cry, but my heart shall break into a hundred thousand piecesbefore I’ll cry. O Fool, I shall go mad! [Lear, Gloucester, Kent, and Fool leave; the storm begins]

Cornwall: Let’s go in, the storm’s coming.Regan: This is a small house, there’s no room for the old man and his people.Goneril: It’s his own fault – don’t worry about him.Regan: I will happily shelter him here, but not one follower.Goneril: I agree. Where is Gloucester?Gloucester: Oh dear, it’s almost night, this storm is terrible, and there’s no shelter for many

miles around.Regan: Sir, he wants his own way, and if he suffers, no-one is to blame but himself. Shut your

doors.Cornwall: Yes, shut your doors, it’s a wild night. Come in out of the storm.

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67

Formal letters

Write the letter from Sami to Miss Fullerton which she answers on Student’s Book page 97.Do the following.

1 Write in formal style.

2 Get address details from Student’s Book page 97. Use this date: May 3 (+ year)

3 Start with an appropriate greeting.

4 Write the body of the letter like this.

Paragraph 1 – One sentence is enough. Start like this.

I am writing with reference to my application of (date) to join ...Paragraph 2 – Start like this:

I am pleased to say that I have now received ... Say when you expect to arrive.

Paragraph 3 – One sentence is enough. Start like this.

I very much look forward to ...

5 End the letter appropriately.

1

Reading and development

Why do people behavelike that?Unit 10

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

__________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

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Vocabulary: cultural differences

Complete the explanation with wordsfrom the box.

When we travel in another country and culture,

it can be very important to know something

about (1) _______________ _______________

differences in order to avoid mistakes or

(2) _______________ that can be (3) _______________

and may even cause anger.

Let’s start with ways of saying hello.

(4) _______________ are very different in different

cultures. In one culture, it is correct to hake

hands (5) _______________ and lightly. In another,

it is important for people to shake hands for

longer and more (6) _______________ to show

that they are friendly and (7) _______________ .

Again, in some cultures it is normal for men –

but not men and women – to kiss each other

on the (8) _______________ , while in others the

opposite is true.

Another clear difference is the distance people

keep between them when they are talking. In

some cultures, people stand very close, while

in others people do not feel comfortable unless

they are much farther (9) _______________ : they

require a (10) _______________ _______________ of

50–60 centimetres.

Visitors to another culture should always find

out how services are paid for. In many countries

it is normal to (11) _______________ at a rate of

around 10% in taxis and at restaurants.

However, more may be expected in some

cultures while in Japan people are completely

(12) _______________ in this sort of payment. It is

not expected and not wanted.

From all this we can see that ideas of

(13) _______________ and the (14) _______________

of different forms of behaviour vary a lot

around the world. These points help to

emphasise the (15) _______________ of

(16) _______________ differences before we move

away from home to visit or live in a different

culture from our own.

acceptability apart briefly cheek

comfort zone cross-cultural cultural

embarrassing firmly greetings

importance misunderstandings

politeness sincere tip uninterested

2

Vocabulary: visiting Palestine andPalestinians

Complete the explanation with wordsfrom the box.

Palestine lies at a cultural cross-roads between

Africa, Europe and Asia and, because of this,

many civilisations have left their (1) ____________

here. You can see this clearly in the

(2) ____________ of ancient remains everywhere.

Equally, you can see it in the variety of arts,

crafts, customs and (3) ____________ that

together form the Palestinian cultural

(4) ____________ .

As for the Palestinians themselves, they are

(5) ____________ people who enjoy making and

being with friends. They are also extremely

(6) ____________ ____________ with a strong

interest in their children and relatives. As

a visitor, you will find that they are very

(7) ____________ and will give you a good

welcome to their country. If they invite you as

a (8) ____________ to their homes, they will want

you to feel (9) ____________ and at home with

them and their families.

Connectors

Choose the appropriate connectors inbrackets to complete the short essay.

English: a world language

(1) ____________ (Although / Because) we often

hear the terms ‘British English’ and ‘American

English’, the language has (2) ____________ (in

fact / because of this) become something much

bigger – a world language. (3) ____________ (In

other words, / By contrast,) huge numbers of

people use the language to communicate with

each other (4) ____________ (as / even though) it

is not their own first language. (5) ____________

(Therefore, / For example,) it is used in all

communications in international air

(6) ____________ (and / or) sea transport all over

the world. (7) ____________ (Moreover, /

However,) English has become the most

common language of international business.

When, say, a Japanese and a German want to

4

family oriented guest heritage

hospitable mark relaxed sociable

traditions wealth

3

68

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69

discuss a business deal, they are likely to do so

in this language. (8) ____________ (Again, / On the

other hand,) around 70% of all websites on the

internet are in English.

(9) ____________ (In spite of / As a result of ) all

these developments, English does not now

really belong just to the people who use it as

their first language. (10) ____________ (While /

Due to the fact that) there are around 500

million of these first-language users, there are

(11) ____________ (also / either) at least another

billion people who use English some of the

time – often in their work. (12) ____________ (As /

Though) this number continues to grow, the

time will come when a third of the world’s

population uses the language.

(13) ____________ (Because of / Despite) the wide

range of different users and uses, many

different sorts of English are developing around

the world today. This means that it can

sometimes be a little difficult at first for people

from different parts of the world to understand

each others’ forms of English. (14) ____________

(However, / Therefore,) this language is now a

vital tool of international communication.

Articles: a(n), the and zero article

Sami is reading about Boston, the capitalof the State of Massachusetts. Add a(n), the orzero article.

Massachusetts: With (1) _______ population of

about 6,400,000 and (2) _______ area of 21,455

sq km, it has (3) _______ third most dense

population of any of (4) _______ America’s 50

states. It is located in (5) _______ north-east of

(6) _______ United States in (7) _______ region

that is called (8) _______ New England. Founded

in 1629, it is (9) _______ part of (10) _______

country with (11) _______ very long history. It is

one of (12) _______ oldest thirteen states, and

(13) _______ War of Independence against

(14) _______ Britain began at (15) _______ small

town (Lexington) near (16) _______ state capital,

Boston, in 1775.

In addition to (17) _______ tourism, other important

industries are (18) _______ electronics, (19)

_______ book publishing and (20) _______ farming.

1

Language

Comparison

Use the information in Tables 1 and 2 tocompare Boston and San Francisco. Use thesentence starters, the words in brackets andthe words in the box.

Paragraph 1: History and population growth

(city) (be founded) (year) – / early / (city), which /

In 1850, (city) (be) / big / (city), it (have) a

population of /

Since then however, (city) (grow) / fast / (city)

And so, today, (city) (have) / large population /

(city), and it now (have) a population of / This is

despite the fact that the area of (city) (be) only /

large / (city)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Paragraph 2: Geographical location and climate

(city) (be located) / far north / (city)

It is therefore not surprising that (city) (be) /

cold / (city) in winter.

Boston San Francisco

Location 42.22° 37.47°

Average January –2°C 9°C

temperatures July 23°C 17°C

annual 11°C 14°C

Average annual rainfall 1,091mm 494mm

Boston San Francisco

Founded 1630 1776

Population: 1850 136,881 34,776

Today 589,141 801,377

Area 48.6 sq m 46.7 sq m

a little quite a lot much far

2

Boston was founded in 1630 – much earlier

than San Francisco, which

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However, in summer, (city) (be) / actually warm /

(city)

On average over the whole year, though, (city)

(be) / cool / (city)

As for average annual rainfall, (city) (be) / wet /

(city)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Write a further paragraph ofcomparison. Use some of the adjectives in thebox.

Start like this. Continue with a contrast (On the

other hand, ...), and finish with your choice (If I

had to choose between living in (name) or

(name), I would probably prefer (name), mainly

because ...)

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

beautiful comfortable enjoyable

exciting exhausting interesting

lively pleasant relaxed

3

70

From what I know about these two cities, I

think life in (name) is probably more

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Find words fromStudent’s Book pages 96–101.

Across

1 side of the face

2 not stressed

3 seeming to be honestly friendly, but not

4 His handshake was very ...

5 Let’s ... at the cafeteria at 7.30.

Down

1 When people make ... mistakes, they often go

red in the face.

2 We’re all well and in good ..., thanks.

3 a large amount of something that is useful or

exciting; also a large amount of money

and/or other things of value

4 lasting for only a short time

5 somebody who has been invited to another

person’s home or party

4

4 5

3

4

2

2

1

3

5

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King Lear

ACT 3

Kent found out that the King of France hadcome to England with an army, and withCordelia. Kent sent Cordelia a letter to explainwhat had happened. Then he went looking forLear. Meanwhile, Lear’s sorrow and anger hadbecome too great for him to bear(1) and he wentmad. He shouted at the storm to do its worst:‘Blow winds and crack your cheeks!’

Kent persuaded Lear to take shelter in asmall, dirty hut.(2) For the first time, Lear beganto feel sorry for people other than himself as hethought about those who had no homes andonly old, thin clothes to wear. Inside the hutthey found Edgar, who was disguised as a beggar(3) called ‘poor Tom’. He was pretendingto be mad, and he had no clothes, covering himself just with a blanket.(4) Lear was sure thatpoor Tom had gone mad because he had giveneverything to his daughters – just like himself.

Meanwhile, Gloucester told Edmund thatAlbany and Cornwall were quarrelling witheach other, and that he had received a letterwhich told him about the King of France’splan to rescue Lear from his cruel daughters.Gloucester felt upset because Regan andCornwall had stopped him from helping Learor even talking about him. He had now decid-ed to take Lear’s side against Goneril, Reganand their husbands.

Hearing this, Edmund decided to repeateverything to Cornwall, even though he knewthat his father would be in serious trouble.

Gloucester now refused to follow the Duke ofCornwall’s orders and, instead, went out looking

for Lear. He found him in the hut and asked himto come back to his castle, but Lear refused toleave ‘poor Tom’. Then, in his madness, Learheld a mock trial(5) of his evil daughters, with the Fool, ‘poor Tom’ and Kent as judges(6) andstools(7) in the place of his daughters.

Later, Gloucester heard Regan andCornwall as they planned to kill Lear, so hewarned Kent to take the King to Dover,(8)

where he would be safe with Cordelia and theKing of France.

Cornwall was very angry when Edmundtold him what Gloucester had done. He calledGloucester a traitor,(9) and told Edmund that hewould punish the old Earl. Edmund decidedto leave, so that no-one could blame him fornot protecting his father.

Cornwall decided to punish Gloucester byblinding him. He ordered his servants to tie theold man to a chair. Then he blinded one ofGloucester’s eyes. Just as he was going to blindthe other eye too, one of his servants suddenlyattacked(10) him: he could not bear the Duke’scruelty any longer. The Duke of Cornwallkilled the man, but he himself was also hurt.Despite this, he went on to blind Gloucester’sother eye, and then told his suffering victim(11)

that it was his own son Edmund who hadbetrayed(12) him. Gloucester then realised thatEdmund had lied to him from the beginning,and that Edgar was innocent.(13)

At that point, Regan ordered the blind oldman to be thrown out of his own castle into thestorm.

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72

Glossary

1 bear accept e.g. pain or a bad situation

2 hut a small, simple shelter

3 beggar a very poor person who asks forclothes and food from richer people

4 blanket large piece of cloth used as a bedcovering

5 mock trial a pretend examination of aperson or people to find whether they havedone something against the law

6 judge a person who is in charge of findingout whether someone has done somethingagainst the law

7 stool a chair without a back

8 Dover a town on the south-east coast ofEngland, the easiest place for the FrenchKing and Cordelia to reach when they sailedfrom France

9 traitor person who helps an enemy againstsomeone or something he / she shouldsupport

10 attack use violence against a person orplace

11 victim someone who has been hurt orkilled by someone or by an accident

12 betray help an enemy against someone orsomething you should support, often bygiving valuable information

13 innocent of a person who has not doneanything wrong or against the law

Reading for pleasure

Complete the paragraph with wordsfrom the box.

When Lear was out in the terrible

(1) ____________ , he felt that the violence of the

wind and the (2) ____________ all around him

was like the (3) ____________ of his own feelings.

When he went into the little (4) ____________ ,

he found ‘poor Tom’ there. Tom seemed very

(5) ____________ from the rich, (6) ____________

people the King was normally spent time with.

He appeared to be poor, powerless and

(7) ____________ , and the King felt very

(8) ____________ for him.

different hut mad powerful

rain sorry storm violence

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Tick (4) the correct answer:

1 Lear goes mad because

a he likes the noise and violence of

the storm and wants the wind to

blow even harder.

b his daughters have treated him so

badly that his mind cannot bear

his feelings of anger and sorrow.

c he knows that he has brought

disaster on himself by giving

everything away.

d he feels that the world does not

make sense any more and people

do not behave as they ought to.

2 Gloucester decides to help King Lear

because

a he feels sorry for him because he

is out in the storm with no shelter.

b he hears that Albany and Cornwall

are quarrelling with each other.

c the Duke of Cornwall tells him

not to.

d he wants the King of France and

Cordelia to like him.

Complete the sentences.

1 Edmund quickly leaves his father's castle

after betraying him to Cornwall because

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Regan and her husband decide to blind the

Earl of Gloucester because __________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Lear refuses to come back to the castle with

Gloucester because _________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 The Duke of Cornwall's servant suddenly

attacks the Duke because ___________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

2

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73

Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 3 Scene 7: Inside Gloucester’s castle

Cornwall [to Goneril]: Go quickly and find your husband, and show him this letter, whichwe took from Gloucester.

Regan: Hang him.Goneril: Pull out his eyes.Cornwall: Leave him to me. Edmund, you go with Goneril. It’s not right for you to watch

what I intend to do to your father the traitor. Let’s keep in contact by messenger. Goodbye.[Enter Oswald] Where is the King?

Oswald: My lord of Gloucester has taken him away. About thirty five of his knights havegone with him to Dover, where they will join their friends the French. [Oswald, Goneril andEdmund leave]

Cornwall: Find the traitor Gloucester, tie him up like a thief, and bring him to me. [Servantsleave] We can’t kill him without some kind of trial, but I will do something to him to showhow angry I am. [Servants come back with Gloucester] Is that the traitor?

Regan: Ungrateful traitor!Cornwall: Tie up his old arms.Gloucester: What are you doing? My good friends, you are my guests. Do not hurt me,

friends. [Servants tie him up]Regan: Harder, tighter – the dirty traitor!Gloucester: I am not a traitor, you unkind lady!Cornwall: Tie him to this chair.Gloucester: What are you going to do to me?Cornwall: What letters have you had from France?Regan: You’d better be honest because we know the truth.Cornwall: What have you been planning with the traitors who have just landed in our country?Regan: The same people you just sent the King to. Tell us!Gloucester: I have a letter, but the person who wrote it is not an enemy, and it contains only

guesses.Cornwall: Clever.Regan: and false.Cornwall: Where have you sent the King?Gloucester: To Dover.Regan: Why to Dover? Didn’t we tell you –Cornwall: Why to Dover? Let him answer that.Gloucester: I can’t escape so I might as well tell the truth.Regan: Why to Dover?Gloucester: Because I wouldn’t stand and watch you and your sister torment him any longer.

You let him go off in the middle of the night, in such a storm! If wild animals had been atyour gate that evening you would have let them in, but your own father … But I will see youpay for your cruelty.

Cornwall: You will never see it. Hold the chair while I get at his eyes.Gloucester: Help! Help! Oh, cruel – oh, you gods! Help me!Regan: One eye is out. Now one side will laugh at the other. Take the other eye too.First Servant: Stop, my lord! I have served you since I was a child, but I will never serve you

better than by telling you to stop this.

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74

Regan: What do you mean, you dog?First Servant: Think about what you are doing!Cornwall: You’re my servant! [They draw swords and fight]First Servant: Come on then, take your chances.Regan: Give me your sword. A servant dares to stand up to us? [Takes a sword from another

servant and runs it into the First Servant from behind]First Servant: Oh! I am killed. My lord, you have one eye left to see this … oh!Cornwall: We’ll have to stop it seeing any more. Out, dirty thing! You can’t see now!Gloucester: Everything is dark. Where is my son Edmund? Edmund, let nature make you

angry, and pay them back for their cruelty to me!Regan: Rubbish, traitor! Edmund hates you. It was he that told us all about your plan. He

won’t feel sorry for you.Gloucester: I’ve been a fool. He must have lied about Edgar. Oh, kind gods, forgive me, and

help Edgar!Regan: Throw him out, and let him smell his way to Dover. [Servant unties Gloucester and leads

him out. To Cornwall] Are you all right?Cornwall: No, I’ve been hurt. Throw that servan into the rubbish. Oh, Regan, I’m injured!

This comes at a bad time. Give me your arm. [They leave together]Second Servant: I’ll never care what evil I do if the gods allow this man to live.Third Servant: If she lives to old age, all women will follow her example.Second Servant: Let’s follow the old Earl.Third Servant: Yes, let’s do that. I’ll get some cotton and egg-whites to apply to his poor

injured face. Heaven help him!

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Punctuation

Rewrite this part of the text. Put in capitalletters (11), full stops (4), an exclamation mark,commas (7) and apostrophes (5).

hello and welcome to job shop the programme

that presents the world of work im lyn dale and

today were looking at telecommunications

amazingly this industry now offers thousands

of different jobs that didnt even exist just 20

years ago

first were going to talk to rania hassan whos a

helpdesk adviser rania hi

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 107, lines 1–4.

Synonyms

Find synonyms of these words andphrases in Student’s Book page 107.

Lines 1-10

1 finding out about _______________

2 problems _______________

3 tough _______________

Lines 11-20

4 on the phone _______________

5 from time to time _______________

3

2

1

Reading and development 6 essential _______________

7 at the beginning _______________

Lines 21-32

8 try to find _______________

9 discover _______________

10 fortunately _______________

Complete the following using pairs ofwords and phrases from Exercise 3.

1 Listen, this is important. It’s _______________

that we find the problem immediately, and

it’s also _______________ that we solve it quickly.

2 Where’s Andy? His wife’s _______________ and

wants to talk to him. / I’ll call him. Andy,

quickly, your wife’s _______________ .

3 What’s wrong? Are you _______________

something? / Yes, I’m _______________ my

school bag. I know I left it somewhere here.

4 What was the job like _______________ , when

you joined the company five years ago? /

_______________ , it was very difficult, but now

it’s much easier.

5 Scientists are working to _______________

more about the disease. They hope that if

they _______________ enough, they’ll be able

to prevent it.

Vocabulary: abbreviations

Use abbreviations on Student’s Book page108 to rewrite the reply to Rania’s message onpage 108. Use any other abbreviations you know.

Hi!

About information for peterhill3@palnet.org:

thanks for this contact. I’m expecting to get

new details tonight or tomorrow morning and

will forward them as soon as possible –

probably tomorrow afternoon.

By the way, great that the report seems OK.

Please let me know your ideas about Paragraph

Number 4. Thanks in advance.

Sally

5

4

CommunicationsUnit 11

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76

Now match meanings a–r to importantabbreviations and symbols 1–18 that youalready know.

1 am

2 &

3 approx

4 cm(s)

5 Co

6 C/O

Now match more meanings a–r to otherimportant abbreviations and symbols 1–18that you already know.

1 m

2 maximum

3 M/F

4 minimum

5 mm(s)

6 Mob

Write out these sentences in note form,with abbreviations from Exercises 6–7. Alsochange written numbers to figures.

1 The Aswan High Dam is roughly 110 metres

high and 3.8 kilometres long, and it took

about ten years to complete.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

8

a male or female b after midday

c telephone d miles per hour e year(s)

f road g north-east h post office box

i plus j mobile phone k street

l minimum m millimetre(s) n south-west

o number(s) p metre(s) q maximum

r pound(s)

7

a about / around / roughly / approximately

b department c centimetre(s)

d for example e hour(s) f euro(s)

g company h January i first

j kilogram(s) k before midday

l equals/the same as m kilometres per hour

n dollar(s) o kilometre(s) p care of

q Friday r and

6 2 The minimum charge is six euros, and the

maximum weight is ten kilograms.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Please send it to Peter Swale, care of post

box office 73052, Hebron, and write Code

Number BD719 on the label.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 Tom has moved from 23 King Street to 47

City Road, telephone 01865 274563. (His

mobile – 07766 560234 – is still the same.)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 Going past the hospital, you have to drive at

just twenty miles per hour – approximately

the same as thirty kilometres per hour.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 We started at nine o’clock in the morning on

Tuesday, February the second. We travelled

south-east for eighty kilometres, then turned

west for two hours and finally arrived at one

o’clock in the afternoon.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Vocabulary: Rania’s job

Complete the summary with words fromthe box.

Rania works for a (1) _______________ of

computer superstores, and she is a helpdesk

adviser – a job that did not (2) _______________

until quite recently. She helps (3) _______________

who have (4) _______________ problems with

equipment they have bought. She often has to

(5) _______________ _______________ worried

customers before she can start working with

them. She usually has to do simple things such

as helping them to (6) _______________ a

program. However, she (7) _______________ gets

complicated problems. For example, she may

callers calm down calmly chain exist

incidents install lost occasionally

recover suspects technical truth virus

9

7 Dept

8 $

9 e.g.

10 =

11 €

12 Fri

13 hr(s)

14 1st

15 Jan

16 kg(s)

17 km(s)

18 kph

7 mph

8 NE

9 No(s)

10 +

11 pm

12 PO Box(or POB)

13 £

14 Rd

15 SW

16 St

17 Tel

18 yr(s)

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77

have to get rid of a (8) _______________ , or she

might have to (9) _______________ a file that is

(10) _______________ . She has to think quickly

and (11) _______________ as she moves from

idea to idea. There are also sometimes

(12) _______________ when the customer says

things which she (13) _______________ are

not correct. She then has to get to the

(14) _______________ in a polite round-about way.

Adverbs of frequency

Use these adverbs and the ideas belowto write six true statements about yourself.

1 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

always usually often sometimes

occasionally never

get up

leave home early/late

arrive at school

get home in the morning /

afternoon / evening /

at night

have lunch

do my homework at/ before / after (time)

watch TV

go to bed on weekdays / at the

weekend

1

Language

Sentence adverbs

Add the appropriate adverbs from thebox to the sentences below.

1 _______________ , I stood up to speak and

immediately forgot what I wanted to say.

2 _______________ , the phone went dead in the

middle of our conversation.

3 _______________ , there is more computing

power in your little calculator than there was

in the first spaceship to the Moon.

4 _______________ , Huda lives in Amman now

and it is very difficult to meet.

5 _______________ , the storm did not damage

the house.

Irregular verbs

Use these irregular adverbs and thecomparative forms shown to complete thestory.

At the beginning of the football season, our

team were not playing (1) ____________ together.

Some of the team members used to arrive very

(2) ____________ for training, and nobody trained

very (3) ____________ .

All that soon changed when our new trainer

arrived. At our first training evening with him,

he was clearly unhappy, but he just said things

like, ‘Come on, can’t you run (4) ____________

than that?’ But then at our second training

evening, he got really angry and shouted,

‘You’re doing even (5) ____________ than last

time. You have to do much (6) ____________ than

this or I’m going to give up and leave you!’

That woke us all up (7) ____________ ! Soon,

everybody was trying much (8) ____________

than before. And it worked. When the

championships started, we began winning –

again and again!

fast hard late well

better faster harder worse

3

Amazingly, Annoyingly, Embarrassingly,

Fortunately, Sadly,

2

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Adverbs: mixed

Add the adverbs in brackets to thefollowing sentences and write out the wholeas a paragraph.

1 We didn’t play at the start of our biggest

match of the season. (unfortunately, / very

confidently)

2 At the same time, the other team were

playing and trying. (well / hard)

3 They didn’t break through during those first

20 minutes. (luckily, / successfully)

4 Then we started playing again – as we had

done all season. (suddenly / properly)

5 We scored our first goal, and then we scored

another one at the end of the first half.

(quickly / nearly)

6 In the second half, we played and we scored

two more goals. (even better / finally)

7 We had won the championship even though

we had begun the season. (amazingly, / so

badly)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4

Puzzle

Do the puzzle and find 10 words. Usewords from Student’s Book Unit 11 pages106–111.

1 ... are much smaller and lighter than ordinary

computers.

2 It’s a difficult, ... job, but I enjoy it.

3 These files all have to go in the top drawer of

the ...(6) ... (7).

4 The phones are very busy. Customers have

been ... us all morning.

5 A good telephone manner and good ...

generally are important when you deal with

customers.

6 I’ve marked the important parts of the text

with a green ... pen.

7 In order to be ... in our work, it’s important to

keep the office tidy.

8 Lots of programs are already ... in the

computer when you buy it.

9 Could you put these letters in those ...,

please?

4

9

8

7

6

4

2

1

10

3

5

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King Lear

ACT 4

Edgar and Gloucester, who was now blind,met out on the windy heath.(1) Edgar took careof his father but did not say who he was. Hestill pretended to be ‘poor mad Tom’. Gloucesterremembered seeing Tom the night before withLear. ‘He reminded me of my poor son Edgar,’said the old man. ‘How I wish I could holdhim in my arms again, though I will never beable to see him now! We are like flies(2) and thegods are like cruel little boys; they tormentand kill us for fun.’ While Gloucester was talking like this, Edgar could hardly speakbecause of his sorrow at seeing his poor fatherblinded.

Gloucester now asked Edgar to take him toDover. He wanted to throw himself from thehigh cliffs(3) there and end his unhappy life.Edgar agreed, but instead took him to themiddle of a field. Gloucester jumped, but ofcourse he only fell to the ground. Edgar liftedhim up, pretending to be a friendly stranger.(4)

He allowed his father to think that he had fallen and survived by a miracle.(5)

Meanwhile, Goneril had fallen in love withEdmund. She now despised(6) her own husbandthe Duke of Albany as a weak person. On theother hand, Albany had come to hate whatGoneril, Regan, Cornwall and Edmund

between them had done. He told his wife: ‘Youare not worth the dust which the rude(7) windblows in your face.’

Then a messenger brought the news that theDuke of Cornwall had died after the servant’sattack during the blinding of Gloucester.Goneril was immediately worried by thisnews. It meant that her sister Regan was nowa widow(8) and might marry the man she nowwanted for herself – Edmund. Albany’s mindwas on something very different. He nowunderstood that Edmund had betrayed hisown father to Cornwall’s cruelty, and he wasvery angry. He decided to punish Edmund forbeing such a terrible traitor.

At this point, the King of France had toreturn to France, leaving Cordelia near Doverwith his army. There, she read Kent’s lettertelling her about Lear’s fall into madness. Learwas now in Dover, but he felt too ashamed(9) ofthe way he had behaved towards Cordelia tosee her. Gloucester and Edgar met Lear, covered in wild flowers and out of his mind.Gloucester recognised(10) Lear’s voice, as theold King explained that the poor and powerlessare always the ones who are punished for theircrimes,(11) while the rich and powerful do thesame things but are not punished. Then Lear

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Glossary

1 heath wild, open, treeless land, withoutfarms

2 fly small, black flying creature

3 cliff steep high rock face, usually next tothe sea

4 stranger someone you do not know

5 miracle an amazing event caused bysomething greater than the ordinary powerof human beings

6 despise look down on people thinking thatthey have no value

7 rude (here, old-fashioned) rough, wild

8 widow a woman whose husband has died

9 ashamed feeling embarrassed and badabout something you have done

10 recognise know someone or somethingbecause you have seen, met or heard thembefore

11 crime an action that is against the law

12 confused unable to understand somethingor think clearly about it

13 kneel (knelt) go down on your knees

14 blessing a wish that someone will be welland happy, words that show you think well of them

recognised Gloucester – the first sign that hismadness was beginning to disappear.

Meanwhile, Goneril’s servant Oswald hadbeen ordered to find Gloucester and kill him.But Edgar, still in disguise, prevented this.They fought and he killed Oswald. Then hefound and read a letter that Oswald was carrying from Goneril to Edmund. In the letterGoneril told Edmund to kill her husbandAlbany so that he could marry her.

Now Cordelia found Lear. She was very sad

to see him mad. Her doctor gave him medicineto make him well again. When he woke up hewas confused,(12) and did not know where hewas. Cordelia knelt(13) down in front of himand asked for his blessing.(14) As for Lear, herealised that this was Cordelia, and he fullyexpected her to be angry with him. After all,she had every reason to be! But Cordelia madehim understand that she loved him and forgavehim. Both father and daughter were extremelyhappy to be together again.

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Reading for pleasure

Who might have said or thought thefollowing? Explain each situation in turn.

1 ‘I can’t bear to see my poor father like this.

How could anyone have hurt him like this

and treated him so cruelly?’

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 ‘Am I finally going mad or am I just

confused? How could I have fallen so far and

still be alive?’

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 ‘I’ve got to think quickly. How am I going to

stop her from getting him now that her

husband is dead?’

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 ‘What? I don’t believe this! It means that that

terrible woman is trying to get my brother to

kill her husband. This is really, really bad!’

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 ‘At last! My father! But has he really gone

completely mad? I’ll ask my doctor to give

him some medicine that may perhaps help

him.’

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

1

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Tick (4) the correct answer.

1 Gloucester decides to jump off the cliff

because

a he cannot bear the pain of his

blinding any more.

b he knows he will never be able

to see his son Edgar again or

hold him in his arms.

c he is so deeply unhappy at what

he has done to Edgar and what

he has suffered at the hands

of Cornwall.

d he is afraid of meeting the Duke of

Cornwall again.

2 The Duke of Albany feels that his wife

Goneril is evil because

a she has helped Regan and Cornwall

to make Lear go mad and to blind

Gloucester.

b she has fallen in love with Edmund.

c she thinks he is weak.

d she does not love him any more.

Complete the sentences.

1 Goneril is worried when she hears that her

sister’s husband has died since ______________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Edgar leads his father to the middle of a field

and not to the high cliffs as _________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 King Lear fully expects Cordelia to be angry

with him because ___________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 Goneril has written a letter to Edmund

telling him to kill her husband because _____

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

2

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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 4 Scene 7: A tent in the French camp: Cordelia, Kent, Doctor and Gentleman

Cordelia: Kent, how can I ever repay your goodness? My whole life will be too short to do it.Kent: Your thanks, madam, are more than enough payment. Cordelia: [To the Doctor] How is the King?Doctor: He is still sleeping.Cordelia: Oh you kind gods, repair his broken mind, and bring him back to his senses.Doctor: We could wake him now, your Majesty, he has slept long enough.Cordelia: We will do what you think is best. [Servants carry Lear in a chair] Is he dressed?Gentleman: Yes, madam, we put fresh clothes on him as he slept.Doctor: Be close when we wake him; I’m not sure he will be himself. Come closer.Cordelia: My dear father, I hope this kiss can help to repair the damage that my two sisters

did to you. Even if you were not their father, they should have respected your white hairs.Was this a face to put out into the wild winds and the storm? My enemy’s dog, even if hehad bitten me, would have spent that night by my fire; but you, poor father, were forced toshelter with animals and poor people in a smelly hut. It’s a wonder that you didn’t lose yourlife as well as your mind. He’s waking – speak to him.

Doctor: It’s best if you speak to him.Cordelia: How are you, my royal lord? How is your Majesty?Lear: You do me wrong to wake me from death. You are in heaven, but I am tied to a wheel of

fire, and my own tears burn me like hot metal.Cordelia: Sir, do you know me?Lear: You are a spirit, I know. Where did you die?Cordelia: Still far away from his old self.Doctor: He’s only just woken up – let him alone for a while.Lear: Where have I been? Where am I? Is this daylight? I can’t think clearly. I don’t know

what to say. I am not sure these are my hands: let’s see. They have feeling. I wish I knewwhat’s happening.

Cordelia: Look at me, Father. Hold your hand over me and give me your blessing. Lear: Please do not laugh at me. I am a very foolish old man, nearly eighty years old, and to

speak plainly, I fear I am not in my perfect mind. I think I should know you and this man, butI can’t be sure. I don’t know what place this is. I can’t remember these clothes I’m wearing, orwhere I slept last night. Don’t laugh at me, but I think this lady is my child Cordelia.

Cordelia: So I am, I am.Lear: Are these tears? Don’t cry. If you have poison for me, I will drink it. I know you do not

love me, for your sisters have, as I remember, done me some wrong. You have some cause,they have not.

Cordelia: No cause, no cause.Lear: Am I in France?Kent: In your own country, sir.Lear: Truly?Doctor: Be comforted, madam. He is no longer so mad, but it might be dangerous for him to

think too much about the recent past. Don’t question him until he is better.Cordelia: Can your Highness walk?Lear: You must be patient with me. Please now, forget and forgive. I am old and foolish. [They

go out together]

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Punctuation

Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (9), full stops (3), a question mark,commas (4), inverted commas (‘...’) (6) and adash.

next day omar sent ibn abbas to buy the milk

and was very pleased to find that it still

contained no water what reward should this

girl have he asked and ibn abbas suggested

money no omar replied she should have

something greater something that everyone

will remember

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 117, paragraph 8.

Opposites

Find opposites of these words onStudent’s Book page 117.

Introduction

1 was born _____________

2 learned _____________

3 light _____________

4 led _____________

The horse race

5 won _____________

6 rich _____________

3

2

1

Reading and development The honest daughter

7 agreed _____________

8 allowed _____________

9 forget _____________

10 taken _____________

Use pairs of words from Exercise 3 tocomplete the following.

1 It’s too warm for that thick, _______________

winter jacket. You need to wear your

_______________ summer jacket or you’ll be far

too hot!

2 Are we _______________ to take photos here?

No, I’m sorry. This is a top-security zone and

all photography is _______________ .

3 Caliph Omar _______________ in 581, and he

_______________ in 644, so he lived for about

63 years.

4 Do you _______________ the name of that man

we met at the coffee shop? / No, I’m sorry,

I’ve _______________ it.

5 In last week’s lesson, you _______________ how

to make a pizza, and this week I’m going to

_______________ you how to cook some

spaghetti dishes.

6 All right, we _______________ to work late this

evening, but we _______________ to work all

weekend as well. That’s too much to ask!

Add two words to the table fromStudent’s Book page 117, paragraph 8. Thencomplete the table from your own knowledge.

somebody / one

nowhere

anybody / one

everything

5

4

The voice of the peopleUnit 12

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Rewrite the sentences using words fromthe table in Exercise 5 to replace theunderlined words.

1 I hope you put the money in a place that’s safe.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Don’t say a single thing about this to the

others.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Will there be any people at the conference

that we know?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 There’s a thing I need to do in town. I have to

go to the bank.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

5 Mahmoud knows this country well. He been

to every part of it.

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6 Have you seen all the people you need to

meet?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

7 Not a single person went to the meeting!

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

8 Have you got all the things you’ll need for

the trip?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Phrasal verbs: carry

Complete each sentence with carry / becarried + out, on or away.

1 If we _______________ down this road, we’ll

soon come to the right house.

2 After that wonderful winning goal, the crowd

got completely _______________ . You could

hear the noise right across town!

7

6 3 We have to _______________ some tests to

make sure the building is safe.

Phrasal verbs: turn

Complete each sentence with turn + off /on, up / down, back, into or out.

1 In a few days, the rain _____________ the

desert _____________ a field of grass and

flowers.

2 This road is getting worse and worse. I think

we should _____________ .

3 The water’s still cold, so could you

_____________ the heat, please?

4 After I left that night, I realised that I hadn’t

_____________ the lights _____________ , so I had

to go back and do that.

5 I’d never made bread before, so I was a bit

worried, but in fact it _____________ very well.

Here – have a piece. It tastes quite good!

6 That music is too loud. Do you think you

could _____________ it _____________ a bit,

please?

7 When you _____________ the TV, you should

_____________ it _____________ at the wall

socket so that there’s no danger of fire.

Vocabulary: government past andpresent

Complete the three paragraphs withwords from the three boxes.

In the past, most countries suffered under

leaders who were (1) ____________ like Hitler or

Stalin, or were (2) ____________ who lived in their

rich palaces and (3) ____________ their nations

with all power in their hands. Ordinary people

had to live (4) ____________ freedom or a

proper system of justice. They simply had to

(5) ____________ their rulers and do what they

were told. Any (6) ____________ to fight for

freedom was usually (7) ____________ , and

anybody who tried this faced (8) ____________

punishment, with years in prison and often

death.

attempt defeated dictators kings

obey ruled severe without

9

8

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Of course, down through history there have

sometimes been good rulers who have been

(9) ____________ and have understood how to

lead their countries well. For example, people

(10) ____________ a great leader like Caliph Omar

to lead them well, and they were happy to

follow this very (11) ____________ man. He had a

deep (12) ____________ in (13) ____________ and

truth between people. He also (14) ____________

freedom and equality for all people without

(15) ____________ , including himself. Stories

about his life show that he hated the

(16) ____________ of the woman who wanted to

add water to the milk her daughter sold. He

also hated the (17) ____________ shown to the

poor Egyptian who was beaten because he

won a horse race against a boy from the ruling

family.

It has taken a long time for the idea to develop

that all people should be (18) ____________ to do

and say what they want, and that all should be

(19) ____________ under the law, whether they

are rich or poor. Today, though, most countries

have reached this point. Most have

(20) ____________ systems of government which

require (21) ____________ every few years. These

are both for members of government to

represent the people in different parts of the

country and for the head of government, who

in most countries is given the (22) ____________

of (23) ____________ . Under this sort of system,

people who want to succeed have to talk to the

people about their ideas. They have to make

many (24) ____________ on TV and at public

meetings, and they have to (25) ____________

to everyone through their words and their

actions that they are the right ones for the

job of leading the country.

demonstrate elections equal

established free president

speeches title

belief dishonesty exception

holy honesty injustice

stood for trusted wise

Vocabulary: stories about Caliph Omar

Complete the summaries with wordsfrom the two boxes.

The young (1) ____________ of the Governor of

Egypt was (2) ____________ when a poor, young

Egyptian won a horse race against him. He took

his whip and beat the boy badly. Caliph Omar

heard the story and called the Governor, the

son and the boy to Medina. There, he

(3) ____________ the incident to discover the

truth. He was very angry with the Governor and

his son, who represented Islam in Egypt, and he

found it difficult to (4) ____________ the son’s

(5) ____________ behaviour towards the poor

Egyptian. He hated the fact that the young

‘so-called aristocrat’ had (6) ____________ the

high standards of behaviour that Islam requires

of all believers. He said, ‘How (7) ____________

you treat free people like slaves!’, and he

ordered that the son should be beaten as he

himself had beaten the Egyptian boy.

One night when Caliph Omar and Ibn Abbas

were secretly visiting the poorest part of town,

they heard an argument between a mother and

her (1) ____________ about adding water to some

milk. The mother said that (2) ____________ the

girl did that, they would not have enough

money to buy food. But the daughter refused,

saying it would be (3) ____________ to do that.

Next morning Ibn Abbas went back to buy the

milk and brought it to Caliph Omar. They were

very pleased to find that the girl had remained

strong and not added any water. The two

women were then brought to him, and he told

them what he had found out. The mother was

very frightened. She (4) ____________ with fear

and (5) ____________ deeply for her behaviour. As

for the girl, Omar was so pleased with her that

he wanted his son and her to get married and

become (6) ____________ and (7) ____________ .

‘Islam needs daughters like you,’ he said to her.

apologised daughter dishonest

husband shook unless wife

abandoned dare forgive furious

investigated son unjust

10

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Reported speech: general

Put this further Caliph Omar story into reported speech.

Cloth for all

One day towards the end of Ramadan, one of Caliph Omar’s advisers said to him, ‘Ramadan has been

hard for the people, and they’re very much looking forward to Eid.’

Omar replied, ‘Yes, and they have followed the Qur’an well during Ramadan, so I would like to do

something special for them.’

‘What exactly do you plan to do?’ his adviser asked.

‘I’m going to give each person a piece of cloth so that everyone can make new clothes ready for

the festival,’ Omar answered.

‘Is it possible to find so much cloth?’ the other man wondered.

‘I believe we can buy enough in the soukh, Omar said, and then he requested his adviser’s help.

‘Please take all the money that I have here,’ he said. ‘Go to the soukh with it and buy all the cloth the

traders have.’

*****

Two days later, Caliph Omar had a mountain of cloth to give to the people. They came all day long

until at the end one small man came from the desert to receive his piece of cloth, which was cut

small to fit him. He looked at his cloth and then at Caliph Omar, a large man who was now wearing

his own new clothes ready for Eid. He said to Omar, ‘You’re very unjust. You’re a large man, and

you’ve taken a much larger piece of cloth than mine,’ he went on to say. ‘How can that be right?’ he

asked. ‘Why didn’t you give yourself the same amount of cloth as you’re giving everybody else?’ he

wondered. ‘Is it right for you to talk about equality when you treat yourself better than other

people?’ he demanded to know.

Omar did not reply. Instead, he turned to his young son Abdullah and said, ‘Please tell this man

what has happened.’

Abdullah, who was not wearing new clothes, then explained. ‘My father did not take a larger piece

than other people. I gave him my own piece so that he could have enough for himself.’ Then he

added, ‘I was happy to do that because he has done so much for me and for all of us.’

Cloth for all

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

1

Language

One day towards the end of Ramadan, one of Caliph Omar’s advisers said to him that Ramadan

had been hard for the people, and that they were very much looking forward to Eid. Omar replied

that they had followed the Qur’an well during Ramadan, so he would like

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

*****

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Puzzle

Do the puzzle. Find 15 words from Student’s Book Unit 12 pages 116–121.2

Two days later, Caliph Omar had a mountain of cloth to give to the people. They came all day

long until at the end one small man came from the desert to receive his piece of cloth, which was

cut small to fit him. He looked at his cloth and then at Caliph Omar, a large man who was now

wearing his own new clothes ready for Eid. He said to Omar that he was very unjust. He was

a large man, and he had taken a much

q n g o v e r n o r z c w r k s l t h o n e s t y p e p h e

y r x o p g x z r y r a l e a d e r h y t i z u b i a o r q

f u r i o u s t e a e i g d x j g j s o n t a i n v o w d u

s m o p f u r h f s w t r u s t q n k r p l q j m g b e n a

r e l i g i o n u b a d u i e m f i n c i d e n t k s r j l

t i u a q d k c s w r h o r d e r d o x n c y v k u z f c i

w n l e v b v j e c d e h v f f e j s o p w m a q l t u l t

d e m o n s t r a t e b r e s p o n s i b i l i t y m l f y

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King Lear

ACT 5

When Regan asked Edmund if he was in lovewith Goneril, he denied(1) it. But just thenGoneril and Albany arrived, and the sisterswere immediately jealous(2) of each other. Eachknew that the other wanted to marry Edmund,and each wanted to make sure that she herselfwould win him. As for Edmund, he could notmake up his mind which sister to marry.

Meanwhile, Edgar, who was still disguised,gave a letter to Albany. It was the one thatGoneril had written to Edmund. So with this,Albany knew that his own wife had plannedto kill him and marry his killer.

Now it was time for the great battle(3)

between the French and English armies. Edgarhid his father for safety under a tree while thebattle was being fought. The battle began, andthe English army under Edmund won.Unfortunately for Lear and Cordelia, theywere both captured.(4)

Lear was not afraid of going to prison if hecould just be sure of staying with Cordelia. Hetried to make her feel happier by saying: ‘Come,let’s away to prison: We two will sing like birdsin the cage.’(5) But after they had been taken toprison, Edmund gave one of his soldiers a letterwith secret orders to kill them.

Albany understood the danger to Lear andCordelia, and he asked Edmund to let himlook after the two of them. Edmund said hewould let Albany have them, but not now. Hewould give them to him the next day, he said.Albany reminded Edmund that he should nottalk like this to him, as the young man was nothis social equal.

Then Goneril and Regan began to quarrelabout Edmund - until Regan suddenly becamevery ill and collapsed. Goneril had poisonedher!

At this point, Albany arrested(6) Edmund fortreason. He decided that Edmund must facetrial by combat.(7) Edgar was the one whooffered to fight Edmund and prove he was atraitor. He did this still without telling anyonewho he really was.

The two brothers fought, and Edgar won.Edmund fell, already close to death, and henow finally admitted(8) all his crimes.

Then Edgar finally showed who he was, andhe went on to explain that their father had justdied. It had happened like this. After he hadfound safety for the old man under a tree, hehad told him he was the Earl’s son. Then,while getting ready for the battle, he hadasked for his father’s blessing. And at thatmoment, the old man had suffered a hugeheart attack and died. But he had at least diedhappily, in his son’s arms.

When Goneril realised that her husbandknew about Edmund and her, she became desperate, ran away and killed herself with aknife in the heart. After a messenger hadreturned with this shocking news, Albanyturned to ask the dying Edmund what he haddone with Lear and Cordelia. Edmund repliedthat he had ordered their deaths, but if Edgarran to the castle he might just be in time tosave them.

Edgar started to leave for the castle as fast aspossible, but he was too late: Cordelia hadalready been killed. A moment later, Leararrived, carrying Cordelia’s dead body in hisarms. This final sorrow was too great for herfather to bear. The old King’s heart broke atlast, and he died. In the end, only Kent, Edgar and Albany wereleft to bury(9) the dead. Goneril's husband, theDuke of Albany, became King of England.

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Glossary

1 deny say that something is not true

2 jealous angry and upset that someone else

has or may get something that you want

3 battle fight between two armies

4 capture catch someone or take control of

something, especially in war

5 cage container, usually made of thin pieces

of metal, and usually used for keeping birds

or small animals

6 arrest stop someone being free, seize them

and hold them

7 trial by combat an ancient way of providing

proof of something through fighting, here

for example proving that Edmund really was

a traitor if he lost the fight with Edgar

8 admit agree that something bad is true

9 bury put something deep in the ground

Reading for pleasure

1 King Lear is often acted now, and people think

it is one of Shakespeare’s best plays. But for

many years after Shakespeare’s death it was

unpopular. When it was acted again in public,

the end of the play was changed. People

found Shakespeare’s ending unbearably cruel

and sad, so they wrote a new one in which

Cordelia is not murdered. Some people were

also too shocked by the scene in which the

Earl of Gloucester is blinded. They said this

was too terrible to be shown in public, and

they felt that Shakespeare had made his bad

characters too evil to be human. In the

twentieth century, however, it became clear to

everyone that human beings really can be as

cruel and evil as Regan, Goneril, Cornwall and

Edmund. Now people see that Shakespeare’s

ideas about the worst in human nature were

true, and no-one uses the happy ending.

What do you think about the ending?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Preparing for the tawjehi exam

Tick (4) the correct answer.

1 Goneril wants Edmund to murder her

husband because

a she cannot afford to pay someone

else to do it.

b she hates her husband and

doesn’t want to be married to

him any more.

c she wants to become the

Countess of Gloucester.

d she cannot marry Edmund while

her husband was still alive.

2 The Duke of Albany arrests Edmund

because

a he is angry with him for not

giving him Lear and Cordelia.

b he feels that Edmund has led

the English army badly.

c he wants to bring Edmund to

justice for his treason.

d he knows that his wife is in love

with Edmund.

Answer the questions.

1 Why does Goneril poison her sister?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 What makes Lear happy to go to prison?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 What do you think makes Edmund try to save

the lives of Lear and Cordelia at the last minute?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4 How many of the main characters in the play

die by the end, and how does each one die?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3

2

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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 5 Scene 3: The British camp near Dover, Edmund with Lear and Cordelia

Edmund: Take them away and watch them well until we decide what to do with them.Cordelia: I’m young and strong and can bear this. I am more worried about you, father. Let

us talk to my sisters.Lear: No, no, no, no! Let’s go to prison. We two alone will sing like birds in a cage. When you

kneel and ask my blessing, I’ll kneel and ask your forgiveness, and so we’ll live, and pray,and sing, and tell old stories, and laugh at all the important people in their expensive clothes,always worrying about who’s in and who’s out. We’ll be so wise, in our safe prison walls,we’ll live longer than all of them.

Edmund: Take them away.Lear: The gods themselves, Cordelia, will bless us. No-one can separate us now. Dry your

eyes. The years will eat them all up, before they can make us cry. We’ll see them die first.Come. [They leave]

Edmund: Come here, captain, and listen. Take this letter and follow them to prison. If you dowhat the letter tells you, you will be well rewarded. A soldier can’t afford to be soft-hearted.Don’t talk to anyone about these orders – either tell me you’ll do it, or find another job.

Captain: If it is a man’s work, I’ll do it. [Leaves. Enter Albany, Goneril, Soldiers]Albany: Sir, you have shown yourself brave today, and had good fortune. You have taken

prisoners. I want those prisoners from you, to deal with them as I think best.Edmund: Sir, I have sent the old King to prison, and the Queen with him. They are ready to

be judged tomorrow, or whenever you like. But today let’s rest from the fighting before wethink about what to do with them.

Albany: You are under me in this war. You are not my brother.Regan: He is what we decide to make him. I think you should have asked me before you

spoke to him. He led our army in my place; he is well qualified to call himself your brother.Through me, he is equal to the best in the land.

Goneril: He’d be the best if he married you.Regan: That’s truer than you think.Goneril: I was joking.Regan: Lady, I am not well, or I would answer you angrily. Edmund, take my soldiers, my

prisoners, my wealth; do what you want with them and me; I surrender to you, and leteveryone see, I create you here my lord and husband.

Goneril: You are really going to have him?Albany: You can’t stop her.Edmund: Nor can you, lord.Albany: Oh, yes I can. Listen to this. I arrest you, Edmund, as a traitor, and with you I arrest

this snake in human clothes [pointing to Goneril]. You have a sword, Edmund: let the trumpetsound. If no-one else will fight to prove you are a traitor, I will do it myself. [Throws down hisglove]

Regan: Oh, I am sick!Edmund: [Throws down his glove] I will fight you. Whoever says I am a traitor is a lying dog. I

will fight for my truth and honour against you or anyone.Albany: A herald, here! Herald!Regan: My sickness grows worse.Albany: She is not well; carry her to my tent. [Herald comes in] Herald, speak loudly.

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Herald: If any man will fight to prove Edmund, so-called Earl of Gloucester, a traitor, let himstep forward. [Trumpets sound. Edgar comes in]

Herald: Who are you? What is your name?Edgar: My name is lost, but I was born as high as the man I have come to fight. Who speaks

for Edmund, Earl of Gloucester?Edmund: I will defend myself. Have you anything to say?Edgar: I say that you are a traitor, false to your gods, your brother, and your father, a traitor

against this great prince, and from the top of your head to your feet a dirty, low-down traitor.If you deny this, you are lying; and I will prove it with this sword.

Edmund: I throw these lies back in your face. [They fight. Edmund is wounded and falls to theground]

Goneril: You have been tricked. You don’t have to fight unless you know your opponent’sname.

Albany: Shut your mouth, woman, or I’ll shut it with this letter. Read here your own evil.Don’t try to tear it, lady – I see you recognise this.

Goneril: What if I do? I make the laws, not you. Who can arrest me?Albany: You monster! Do you know this letter?Goneril: Don’t ask me what I know. [She leaves]Albany: Go after her – she’s desperate. Stop her.Edmund: I have done everything you accuse me of, and much, much more. Time will bring it

all to light. It’s history now, and so am I. [to Edgar] Who are you? I forgive you my death.Edgar: Let us forgive one another. I am your brother, Edgar, whom you wronged. But let me

tell what happened to my father. While I was hiding dressed as a poor madman, I met myfather, newly blinded. I led him, begged for him, saved him from despair, but I never toldhim who I was, until half an hour ago, when I was preparing for this fight. I asked hisblessing, and told him everything. But his poor heart was too weak to bear such great joyand grief; it broke and he died, with a smile. [A Gentleman comes in holding a bloody knife]

Gentleman: My lord, your wife is dead – I pulled this from her heart. She admitted that shepoisoned her sister.

Albany: Bring their bodies here. Here comes the Earl of Kent. We have no time for politeness,my lord.

Kent: I came to say good night to the King my master. Isn’t he here?Albany: Heavens, we forgot him. Edmund, speak, where are the King and Cordelia?Edmund: I want to do some good before I die. Send a messanger to the castle, quickly. I

ordered their deaths, but if you run you might be in time – take my sword – give it to thecaptain. [Edgar gives the sword to a messenger who runs off] Goneril and I told him to hangCordelia in the prison.

Albany: God protect her! Take him away. [Edmund is carried off. Enter Lear, carrying Cordelia’sbody in his arms]

Lear: No, no, no, no! Oh, you are men of stone! She’s gone forever. I know the differencebetween life and death. She’s as dead as earth. Lend me a mirror – if her breath mists it, thenshe’s alive – she lives! If it is true, it makes up for every sorrow I have suffered. Oh no! Icould have saved her; now she’s gone forever. Cordelia, Cordelia, stay a little longer. Whatdid you say? She always had a low, soft voice. I killed the man who was hanging you. Whoare you? Aren’t you the Earl of Kent?

Kent: I am. Your eldest daughters have killed themselves.Lear: Yes, I think so.

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Albany: Lear will be King again. I give up everything to him. Everyone shall get what isright.

Lear: And my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life? Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life,and you no life at all? You’ll come no more, never, never, never, never, never. Please, undothis button. Thank you, sir. Do you see this? Look at her. Look, her lips, look there, lookthere! [He dies]

Edgar: He faints. My lord, my lord!Kent: Break, heart, break!Edgar: He is gone.Kent: The wonder is that he survived so long.Albany: Carry them away. You two, friends, rule after him and help rebuild our damaged

country.Kent: I have a journey, sir, shortly to go. My master calls me, I must not say no.Edgar: We must speak our true feelings. The oldest has suffered most. We that are young shall

never see so much, nor live so long.

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I Speaking (5 minutes – 10 marks)

Decide what you should say in thesesituations. Tick (4) the correct box. (2 marks)

1 You want to suggest something to a friend.

a You’re going to call your mother

now, aren’t you?

b Why not call your mother now?

c Do you ever call your mother?

2 As a police officer, you need to check a

tourist’s passport. The tourist has been

driving too fast.

a Show me your passport.

b I wonder if you could show me

your passport.

c May I see your passport, please?

Supply the missing parts in thefollowing dialogue. You work in a touristinformation centre and are helping a foreignvisitor. (8 marks)

You Good morning. How (1) _______________ ?

Visitor Well, I’m (2) _______________ some

information on Palestine.

You What (3) _______________ information

are you thinking of? Places to visit,

perhaps? Or how to get around the

country?

Visitor Everything really.

You Well, (4) _______________ , perhaps you

should buy a guidebook.

Visitor Good idea.

You I think (5) _______________ have a look

at these ones up here on the wall.

(6) _______________ , I’ll get them down

so that you can look at them properly.

Visitor Thanks very much.

2

1

Part 1 (40 minutes – 60 marks) You Now, this one is the best.

Visitor But it’s very big and heavy. I think I

need (7) _______________ .

You Well, then, what about this one?

Visitor Yes, this is about right. How

(8) _______________ ?

You It’s just $15.

II Listening (10 minutes – 15 marks)

Listen and tick (4) the words andnumbers you hear. (3 marks)

1 bit beat

2 pen Ben

3 cash catch

4 18 80

5 357 375

6 46,981 49,681

Look at the picture, listen and answerthese questions. (4 marks)

1 What is a little unusual about this applicant?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Which offer is most important for him?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4

3

Practice Test 1

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Listen again and complete the application form. (8 marks)5

Personal details:

Family name: ________________ First name(s): (1) ________________

Date of birth: (2) ________________ Marital status: (3) ________________

Educational details:

Institution: (4) ________________ Studying: (5) ________________

Contact details:

Address: (6) ________________ Tel: (Home) _______________

________________ (Mobile) (7) ________________

(8) ________________ E-mail: ________________

III Vocabulary (10 minutes – 15 marks)

Complete the sentences with do, get, have, make and take in suitable forms. (5 marks)

1 I __________ my birthday party yesterday, and my mother __________ a cake for me.

2 I wanted to __________ some stamps at the post office, but I’d forgotten to __________ any money

with me.

3 She’s __________ her homework at the moment. She always __________ it at this time of day.

4 It usually __________ six weeks to finish each house, but things have __________ much slower

because of the bad weather.

5 The children are __________ a tree house and they’re __________ a wonderful time!

Complete the sentences with another word from the same word family. (5 marks)

1 Recently, there have been several hurricanes that have been extremely _______________ . (destroy)

2 The big problem with fossil fuels is that they cause a lot of _______________ . (polluted)

3 I can’t tell the _______________ these two sorts of cola. (different)

4 What _______________ are you? / I’m American. (nation)

5 This documentary isn’t really very _______________ . (interest)

Form suitable word pairs from the words in the boxes in order to complete the sentences.(5 marks)

1 Saudi Arabia has the largest _______________________________ in the world.

2 Take your _______________________________ with you, and then you can call us while you’re on the bus.

3 Alia is our new _______________________________ , and she’s trying hard to improve conditions for all

of us here at college.

4 I’ve paid all the money I received into my new _______________________________ .

5 The Great Pyramid of Cheops at Giza was probably the largest single _______________________________

in the whole of the Ancient world.

account phone project representative reserves

bank construction mobile oil student

8

7

6

Jamjoum

London

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IV Language (15 minutes – 20 marks)

Choose a, b, c or d. (10 marks)

1 When __________________ school?

a he left b was he left c did he leave d was he leaving

2 She __________________ in Nablus since the start of this year.

a is living c has lived d lived e is living

3 ______________________ washing the dishes yet?

a What time did you finish b Have you finished

c Will you finish d When did you finish

4 You __________________ take the radio back to the shop. It’s working!

a must b mustn’t c don’t have to d have to

5 When I __________________ home after school, I’ll have lunch.

a get b am getting c will get d have been getting

6 Nadia would help us if she __________________ , but she can’t.

a will be able to b can c had been able to d could

7 If we had heard about the bad weather, we __________________ at home.

a we stayed b would stay c will stay d would have stayed

8 Why didn’t you get up earlier? Then you ______________________ the job this morning.

a would be able to finish b could have finished

c could finish d could have to finish

9 Ali quickly looked __________________ in the mirror before he started his interview.

a for himself b himself c by himself d at himself

10 Look at this letter! I __________________ a place at City College, and that’s my first choice!

a have been offered b have offered c was offered d am offering

Rewrite the sentences. Start with the words in brackets. (10 marks)

1 How long will the interview last? (I wonder)

________________________________________________________________________________________

2 Here’s my advice: don’t apply for a credit card. (I advise)

________________________________________________________________________________________

3 The ocean here is about three kilometres deep. (The ocean here has)

________________________________________________________________________________________

4 We will send you a letter to confirm this. (You will)

________________________________________________________________________________________

5 He started work at 6.30 this morning. (He has been)

________________________________________________________________________________________

10

9

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I Reading (10 minutes – 10 marks)

The Council has asked for people’s opinions about priority projects for the community. Matchthree of the following people to the letters below. Sign the letters with their names. (1 mark)

Dr Huda Alawi, Head of Sciences, Al Quds Community College

Omar Hussain, Infrastructure Maintenance Department, City Council

Muneera Amir, ambulance driver, Central Hospital

Dr Jameel Mustapha, Assistant Director, Palestine Telecom Services

1

Part 2 Vocational (20 minutes – 20 marks)

Dear Sir/Madam

I work in the emergency medical service,

and I strongly believe that we should

make health care our top priority. Our

doctors and nurses work hard for the

health of the community but, as we all

know, there is always a great need for

better equipment and more facilities for

our growing population.

Yours faithfully

___________________________

Dear Sir/MadamAs an electrical engineer, I help maintainthe local electricity supply, and I can tellyou that we need to make the system ourmost important priority. It was built for amuch smaller population many years ago,and we now need to expand it and bringit up to date.Yours faithfully___________________________

Dear Sir/Madam

I have always worked in education, and I

feel sure that this is the area which

should be our number one priority. Our

teachers try hard to give our young

people the best possible start in life, but

as the numbers of young people continue

to rise, we need ever more trained people,

equipment and classrooms.

Yours faithfully

___________________________

Say what problem all three letter writers face. (1 mark)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2

a

b

c

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Say who might say these things. Writetheir names. (4 marks)

1 ________________________ ‘In my work, it’s

extremely important to get to the scene of

the accident quickly and to give the casualty

appropriate first aid as soon as possible.’

2 ________________________ ‘We check cables all

the time and do everything we can to avoid

power failures since these cause so many

problems. Without energy, factories can’t

produce, office equipment can’t work and

families can’t even cook!’

3 ________________________ ‘We need to

communicate all day every day with our

offices in New York, London and Tokyo. We

exchange huge amounts of electronic data,

and so we have to have the most modern IT

systems.’

4 ________________________ ‘For me, the best

times are when I’ve successfully taught my

students something so that they’ve

understood it and become excited by this

new piece of knowledge.’

Find words that help you connect whatyou know about these people and what theysay. Write three words or phrases for eachperson. (4 marks)

1 ______________ ______________ ______________

2 ______________ ______________ ______________

3 ______________ ______________ ______________

4 ______________ ______________ ______________

II Writing (10 minutes – 10 marks)

Write your own short letter to theCouncil. Argue for one of the followingpriorities. You can use ideas and languagefrom letters a–c. Finish by signing it with yourname.

Priorities

1 New waste recycling facilities

2 Better telecommunications services

3 Road construction and repairs

4 Better water supply system

5

4

3

I Reading (15 minutes – 14 marks)

Part 3 Academic (30 minutes – 28 marks)

What will the world be like in 2025? Nobody

can be sure, but present trends are worrying.

By 2025, there will be over eight billion humans.

And we will be making heavy demands on the

Earth’s resources of food, water, fossil fuels and

other raw materials.

Some will be getting rarer. Most importantly, we

will have used well over half the world’s oil

reserves. Production will be declining, and this

once-cheap energy source will be very

expensive.

That might be good news. Less oil consumption

could lead to fewer carbon emissions, and this

might weaken the greenhouse effect which,

many scientists say, is already here. If, by 2025,

we have managed partly to replace oil with

renewable energy sources such as wind and

power from the sun, we could be moving

slowly towards a cleaner, greener world.

However, this benefit may be lost due partly to

the fast-expanding economies of China, India

and other newly industrialising countries. Their

expansion is being powered largely by an even

more polluting fuel than oil: coal. Unless the

disastrous emissions are controlled, global

environmental problems will increase.

The great dangers are global warming and

climate change. Scientists warn that some

regions will become drier, while others become

wetter or experience more violent weather.

Moreover, global warming means higher sea

levels as oceans warm and expand and as land

ice melts into the sea.

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Further effects follow. Deserts will expand – just

when we need more farmland to feed

ourselves. Moreover, the world’s coasts will

slowly flood. And as most humans live near the

sea, many will become refugees.

Nearly all scientists now accept that these

changes are very real and are already

happening. Most governments do, too.

However, international action is difficult to

agree. Meanwhile, environmental experts fear

that time is running out.

Ordinary people can help, though. We can all

reduce consumption of energy and goods and

cut waste by reusing, repairing and recycling as

much as possible. If enough people do enough,

the world may just avoid the worst dangers of

global warming during the 21st century.

Read the text and answer the followingin brief notes. (9 marks)

1 Big demands on resources, which include:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

c __________________________________________

d __________________________________________

2 Effects on oil – (a) price, and (b) use:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

3 Possible result of less use of oil:

______________________________________________

4 Two newly industrialising countries:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

5 Probable results of greater use of coal:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

6 Two dangerous effects of these results:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

7 Effects on (a) deserts, and (b) coasts:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

1

8 Problems these will cause humans:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

9 Things ordinary people can do to help

reduce the dangers:

a __________________________________________

b __________________________________________

by __________________________________________

__________________________________________

Answer these questions. (5 marks)

1 Thinking about the picture, what title do you

suggest for the text? (1 mark)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 Looking into the future, does the writer seem

(a) optimistic, (b) pessimistic or (c) a mixture

of both? Explain. (2 marks)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3 Do you agree or disagree with the writer?

Explain. (2 marks)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

II Writing (15 minutes – 14 marks)

Write about your life in the comingyears. In paragraph 1, say what you think yourworld – family, friends and community – willbe like. In paragraph 2, say what you hope youwill do during your life.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

3

2

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_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Literature

Answer the questions.

Unit 1

At the party there were arguments for and

against the death penalty. State the argument

for or against that seemed to you to be the

strongest.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Unit 2

Which, in your opinion, were (a) the worst

period and (b) the happiest point of the

lawyer’s years of imprisonment? Explain.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Unit 3

Contrast the banker’s thoughts about the

prisoner’s future and the way the prisoner

actually appeared on his last night of

imprisonment.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

1

Part 4 (10 minutes – 12 marks)

Unit 4

At the end, how did (a) the prisoner, and (b) the

banker feel about themselves? Explain.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Unit 5

What is the central truth that Keats is telling us

in ‘I had a dove’?

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Which seems to you the most important ‘if’ in

Kipling’s poem? Explain.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Unit 6

If you had been in Frost’s situation, which road

would you have taken? Explain.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

What does Harrison mean when he says

‘… freedom is not free’?

________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

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Practice Test 2B Ah, but wait. Mr Barakat’s phone

(8) ____________ now.

A Oh, great! Thanks. … Hello. Mr Barakat? …

II Listening (10 minutes – 15 marks)

Listen and mark tag questions that rise ( ) and fall ( ). (3marks)

1 She comes from Hebron, doesn’t she? ______

2 He isn’t very well, is he? ______

3 You can’t lift that by yourself, can you? ______

4 We will get there on time, won’t we? ______

5 They really shouldn’t behave like

that, should they? ______

6 I hope you agreed to make the

changes. You did, didn’t you? ______

Look at the picture, listen and answerthese questions. (4 marks)

4

3

I Speaking (5 minutes – 10 marks)

Decide what you should say in thesesituations. Tick (4) the correct box. (2 marks)

1 You are answering a customer’s phone call.

a Hello. Who are you?

b Yes. What do you want?

c Good morning. How can I help you?

2 You want to disagree with someone in a

formal discussion.

a No, that’s stupid. The situation is

completely different.

b No, I wouldn’t really say that. In my ,

opinion the situation is quite different.

c Wrong, wrong, wrong! You’re totally

wrong about the situation.

Supply the missing parts in thefollowing dialogue. (8 marks)

A (1) ____________ I ____________ Mr Barakat,

please?

B I’ll (2) ____________ you ____________ to him

now.

A Thank you.

B … I’m (3) ____________ , ____________ is busy.

A Oh, no! I really need to tell him something.

B Would (4) ____________ hold?

A Mm, well no, I (5) ____________ to go a

meeting now.

B In that case, (6) ____________ me ____________

a message?

A I’m not sure. It’s a bit complicated.

B Well, I can ask him to (7) ____________ if

____________ .

A Thanks. Perhaps he could call this

afternoon.

2

1

Part 1 (40 minutes – 60 marks)

Ý

Ý

1 Who are the speakers, and how do they

know each other?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2 What is going to happen?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

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Match the phrasal verb parts and use them in their correct forms to complete the sentences.(Be careful: some of the parts can form more then one phrasal verb.) (5 marks)

1 Khalid always keeps trying. He never __________ __________ .

2 The boys __________ __________ the whole task without any mistakes.

3 We’ve been working hard since last year, and now we’ve finally succeeded in __________ the old

building __________ a lovely home.

4 Please stop being so unpleasant to us. It’s __________ me __________ .

5 When she first arrived, she was very upset, but she gradually __________ __________ and began to

say what had happened.

Complete the sentences with two words from the same word family. (5 marks)

1 Of course you can believe her. She’s a very _______________ person. In fact, I don’t think she’s ever

said or done anything _______________ in her whole life! (honest)

2 Mariam is a great _______________ . She always _______________ events like class trips. (organisation)

3 We must never stop _______________ – even when things look bad and completely _______________ .

(hope)

4 If you’re going to _______________ for the job, you must remember to send in your _______________

before March 15th. (applicant)

5 The driver knew that he had acted _______________ by driving so fast. Later, he took _______________

for the damage and paid for it. (responsible)

Choose five appropriate connectors from the box to complete the paragraph. (5 marks)

(1) ____________ the first TV pictures were sent by satellite in the 1960s, satellite TV did not enter most

people’s homes until much later. Today, (2) ____________ , it is common for people to receive 50, 100

although and but even if finally however in spite of moreover or whereas

8

7

down down into out up

calm carry get give turn

6

Mark’s travel details

Depart Sydney: Date: (1) ________________

Depart London: Date: (2) ________________

Time: (3) ________________ Flight: (4) ________________

Arrive Gaza: Time: (5) ________________

Depart Gaza: Date: (6) ________________

Sameer’s contact details

Mobile: (7) ________________

E-mail: (8) ________________

Listen again and complete Mark’s travel details. (? marks)5

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(3) ____________ even several hundred channels. (4) ____________ , it is even possible to get your

favourite TV programme from home (5) ____________ you now live on the other side of the world.

IV Language (15 minutes – 20 marks)

Choose a, b, c or d. (10 marks)

1 ____________ answer the letter soon, it’ll be too late.

a If you b When you c Unless you d Not if you

2 Here’s an idea. What about Omar ____________ you this afternoon?

a to meet b meet c meets d meeting

3 Would you like me to ask her ____________ you back?

a to call b calling c called d call

4 My birthday is ____________ March 15th.

a on b at c in d by

5 Ramallah is ____________ the north of Jerusalem.

a in b from c to d on

6 To get to the other side of the city, it’s better to drive round it instead of ____________

the middle, which would take hours!

a in b over c towards d through

7 New York has always been a place _______________ dynamic and full of energy.

a who is b is c that is d which being

8 There’s _______________ I was telling you about.

a boys b the boy c a boy d some boys

9 I think this book is ____________________________ the other one.

a more interesting than b the most interesting of

c interestinger than d more interesting as

10 Salwa’s really ill. I think __________________________________________ .

a we quickly should call the doctor b we should call quickly the doctor

c we should call the doctor quickly d quickly we should call the doctor

Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets. (10 marks)

1 Please remember to buy some milk. (forget)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 The bridge is 872 metres long. (length)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 Where did she go? (I must find out)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 Do you know the way to the library? (Huda asked me)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 Both of us can come to your party this evening. (Peter and Mary told Sue)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

10

9

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I Reading (10 minutes – 8 marks)

Part 2 Vocational (20 minutes – 20 marks)

Ramallah News JOBS SECTION Thurs June 13, 20..

THE PALESTINE GLASS COMPANYDue to recent expansion, we wish to fill the following posts.

1 Assistant Production Controller Ref B4252 Secretary, Export Department Ref B451

Duties and responsibilities• Support a team of five who are responsible for our very important international sales.

Qualifications• A good qualification in secretarial skills;• Three years’ experience in an international business environment;• Ability to be accurate and tidy in all areas of work;• Excellent spoken and written Arabic and English.

Applicants should apply in English to Mr H Hamid, Human Resources Manager,PO Box 2498, Nablus by Thursday June 27. Please state the relevant job title andreference number.

52, jenin street

nablus29th june, 20..

palestine glass company

po box 2498nablusdear sirI would like to apply for

the job in the

newspaper (ref 415).

I graduated from high school three years ago,

and I have worked as a sales assistant at

the nablus general goods store since the

n.

I look forward to hearing from you.

yours faithfully

jameela al magrabi

69, Qalqiliah RoadNablusJune 14, 20..Mr H Hamid

Human Resources ManagerThe Palestine Glass CompanyPO Box 2498Dear Mr HamidJob applicationI am writing to apply for the post of Secretary,Export Department (Ref B415), which wasadvertised in the Ramallah News yesterdayJune 13.I graduated from Nablus Business College inSecretarial and IT Studies two years ago, andsince then I have been a junior secretary withInternational Data Corporation (Palestine),where the two working languages are Arabicand English. With this excellent experience, Ibelieve that I am now well qualified for thechallenge of the job that you are advertising.I enclose my CV, and I look forward to hearingfrom you in due course.Yours sincerelyN BadawiNadia Badawi

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Do these tasks. (3 marks)

1 Match the second section of the advert to the correct job. (Write the job reference.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

2 Note where the advert appeared.

_________________________________________________________________________________

3 Write the date that it appeared.

_________________________________________________________________________________

4 Write the closing date for applications.

_________________________________________________________________________________

5 Note the name of the person applicants must write to.

_________________________________________________________________________________

6 Note the company’s PO Box number.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Say which of the above points (if any) Jameela Al Magrabi dealt with correctly. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Comment on other problems with Jameela’s application. (Think about points underQualifications in the advert.) (3 marks)

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Say what problems there are (if any) with Nadia Badawi’s application. (1 mark)

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

II Writing (10 minutes – 12 marks)

You are Mr Hamid’s PA. Write back to one of the applicants, refusing the application politelybut briefly. (Do not write the addresses.) (5 marks)

Paragraph 1 Say thank you for the application , mentioning the job and reference number.

Paragraph 2 Begin like this: We are sorry to say that we canot take your application forwardbecause ... (Give one reason.)

Paragraph 3 Thank the applicant again – for her interest in the company and the job.

5

4

3

2

1

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Write back to the other applicant, offering an interview. (Do not write the addresses.) (7 marks)

Paragraph 1 (As in Letter 1)

Paragraph 2 Begin like this: We are very pleased to be able to invite you to ... (Go on to offer an

interview time and date.)

Paragraph 3 Ask the applicant to contact you if there are any problems.

Paragraph 4 Finish politely, starting like this: We look forward to ...

6

_____________________

__________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

__________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

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I Reading (15 minutes – 14 marks)

We live at a unique point in history. On the one

hand, we face many problems. Some – hunger,

disease, poverty and injustice – are old ones.

Others – above all climate change – are largely

man-made. On the other hand, science and

technology have given us the power to shape

the future of the planet. In fact, we have

reached the point when we must decide what

kind of world our *great-grandchildren will

have. We can either leave them a better one or,

perhaps, a much worse one. The choice is ours,

and this is a huge responsibility.

We are also going through uniquely rapid

changes that are both exciting and frightening.

Modern satellite telecommunications are

shrinking the world and bringing it to our TV

screens, and globalisation is bringing products

from around the world into our shops at ever-

cheaper prices. However, the TV pictures are

often ugly, and a major side-effect of

globalisation is industrial destruction and

unemployment in many countries.

This storm of good and bad extends to other

areas such as medicine. Doctors are constantly

making new discoveries, and basic health care

is now available to more people than ever

before. Yet deadly diseases are also killing more

people every year. Several thousand children

die of malaria each day in Africa, while over 40

million people are now HIV positive and face

death from AIDS. The war against these killers

continues.

The dangers and difficulties we face are

enormous but so, too, are the opportunities.

Optimists believe that we really can win

through to a calmer, brighter future. But we can

only do this if we start using our skills and

intelligence much better than we have in the

past.

First, we must realise that we are all in this

together. We have to work together as one

human nation, sharing land and resources fairly.

We also need to strengthen organisations that

bring us together. These must allow everyone

to feel included, to feel that they too are free to

build a good life for themselves, their families

Part 3 Academic (30 minutes – 30 marks)

and communities. With our united energy and

intelligence, we can then surely achieve that

better world for our great-grandchildren.

*our children’s children’s children

Read the text and explain the followingphrases. (8 marks)

Paragraph 1

1 man-made

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2 shape the future of the planet

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3 a huge responsibility

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Paragraph 2

4 uniquely rapid changes

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5 shrinking the world

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Paragraph 3

6 the war against these killers

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1

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Paragraph 5

7 we are all in this together

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8 a good life

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Answer these questions. (7 marks)

1 What title do you suggest for the text?

(1 mark)

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2 What is the connection between

globalisation and ‘unemployment in many

countries’? (2 marks)

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3 What connection is there between the last

paragraph and the letters in the designs at

the end of the text? (2 marks)

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4 You have read about the optimistic view of

the future. Say briefly what a pessimist might

expect the future to be like. (2 marks)

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II Writing (15 minutes – 14 marks)

Write an informal personal letter to yourgreat-grandchildren.

In paragraph 1, introduce yourself to them,

saying how old you are at the time of writing

this letter to them, and that you hope that they

will read this letter at the same age.

In paragraph 2, explain something about the

problems of life today for the world in general

and for Palestinians in particular.

In paragraph 3, describe what you and other

Palestinians of your age hope to do in order to

build a better future for Palestine.

3

2

In paragraph 4, briefly describe the better life that

you hope your great-grandchildren will have.

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Literature

Answer the questions.

Unit 7

What is the main idea in Wilcox’s poem

‘Solitude’? (1 mark)

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1

Part 4 (10 minutes – 12 marks)

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108

What is the main idea in Babcock’s poem ‘Be

Strong’? (1 mark)

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Unit 8

What is the big difference between the way

that (a) Goneril and Regan, and (b) Cordelia

speak about their love for their father? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________

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What terrible mistake does Lear make as a

result of his daughters’ words? (1 mark)

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Unit 9

What evil plan does Edmund start to carry out

in Act 1 and continue to do so in Act 2?

(1 mark)

_________________________________________________

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By the end of Act 2, what has Lear realised

about Goneril and Regan? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________

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Unit 10

How does Gloucester show that he is a good

man in Act 3? (1 mark)

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How does Edmund show that he is even more

evil than we have already seen in Acts 1 and 2?

(1 mark)

_________________________________________________

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Unit 11

How does Lear’s life change for the better in

Act 4? (2 marks)

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Unit 12

How are we given hope of a happy ending

towards the end of Act 5? (1 mark)

_________________________________________________

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How is that hope destroyed at the end?

(1 mark)

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be was/were beenbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbend bent bentbite bit bittenbleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdeal (with) dealt dealtdie died dieddig dug dugdive dived diveddo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamtdrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforecast forecast forecastforesee foresaw foreseenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozenget got gotgive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang hung hunghave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledlean leaned/leant leaned/leantlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let let

lie lay lainlie lied liedlight lit litlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metoverhear overheard overheardoversleep overslept oversleptpay paid paidprove proved provedput put putread read readrebuild rebuilt rebuiltrewrite rewrote rewrittenride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew sewed sewnshake shook shakenshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow showed shownshrink shrank shrunkshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank sunksit sat satsleep slept sleptsmell smelled/smelt smelled/smeltspeak spoke spokenspell spelled/spelt spelled/speltspend spent spentspill spilled/spilt spilled/spiltspread spread spreadstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenstick stuck stuckstrike struck struckswiri swam swumswing swang swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understoodwake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

Irregular verbs

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Capital letter(A, B, C, etc)

Full stop (.)

Question mark (?)

Exclamation mark (!)

Comma (,)

Apostrophe (’)

Colon (:)

Semi-colon (;)

Hyphen (-)

Quotation Marks (‘…’)

Brackets (…)

Dash (–)

1st letter of a sentence

1st letter of names of places, nationalities,organizations, etc (see Unit 5, page 34)

book/film/TV programme titles, etc

for abbreviations

at the end of a sentence

(sometimes) after an abbreviation

in amounts of money

in decimal figures

in e-mail & website addresses

after a direct question

to show surprise, etc

between adjectives and other things in lists

to divide two parts of a long sentence(each with main verbs)

to separate extra information from themain part of a sentence

before or after a name

before a tag question

to show missing lettersNote! it’s = it is/it has, not a possessive.

to show possessivesNote! with s endings: s’

to introduce a section or a list

to separate two closely connected sen-tences – instead of a full stop

to join two words

to divide a word at the end of a line

to mark spoken words

to focus on words

to separate extra information from themain part of a sentence

to show references to related informa-tion

like Brackets Use 1, but less formal

to mean to

This is your book

Ramallah, Palestinian, the UnitedNations

Star Wars

the UN, UNESCO

This is your book.

The U.N., Mr. Roberts, 1st. Nov.

€2.50 (read: two Euros fifty)

10.12 (read: ten point one two)

esmith@aol.org (read: esmith-at-aol-dot-org)

Did you see it?

That’s fantastic!

Get a pen, a book and some paper.It was a dark, cold, wet night.He got up, turned round, looked andthen laughed.

We arrived early, but the others camemuch later.

Hebron, which is a very ancient city, liessouth of Jerusalem.

Ali, let’s go. Let’s go, Ali.

He’s finished, hasn’t he?

You’ll do it, won’t you?It’s a beautiful baby. Have you decidedits name?

This is Mahmoud’s bike.James’ bike, the boys’ bikes

Section 3: Things to bring: tent, cooker,pans, boots, etc

We arrived at 9.00; it was raining againas usual!

It’s a well-made machine.

I’ve read about the compli-cated history of Palestine.

‘We can win!’ he shouted.

Peter Davies (1926–2003) was born inNorth London and went to school at …

Collect more ideas about energy (see Unit 9)

The pen – his, not hers

The Amman– Beirut flight

Uses Examples

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