EnglishPalestine
for
Authorship Supervisory CommitteeDr Samer M Rammal (Head) Birzeit UniversityDr Omar Abu Humos Al-Quds UniversityDr Insaf Abass Al-Quds Open UniversityDr Nazma Al Masri Gaza Islamic UniversityMr Suhail Murtaja Ministry of EducationMr Abdul-Raheem Al-Farra Ministry of EducationMr Jameel Ishtaya Ministry of EducationMr Othman Amer (Rapporteur) Ministry of Education
English Language Curriculum TeamDr Hazem Y Najjar (Head) Bethlehem UniversityDr Salem Aweiss Birzeit UniversityDr Omar Abu Humos Al-Quds UniversityDr Odeh J Odeh Al-Najah UniversityDr Sameer M Rammal Birzeit UniversityDr Nazmi Al Masri Gaza Islamic UniversityMiss I’tidal Abu Hamdiyah Ministry of EducationMiss Majedah Dajani Ministry of EducationMr Imad Jabir Hebron UniversityMr Suhail Murtaja Ministry of EducationMr Othman Amer (Rapporteur) Ministry of Education
Trial edition 2006
State of PalestineMinistry of Education& Higher Education
Workbook12
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Macmillan Education LtdBetween Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PPA division of Macmillan Publishers LimitedCompanies and representatives throughout the world
ISBN 1 405 0 7383 7
Text © Mike Macfarlane, Simon Greenall and Andrea Hopkins 2006Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2006
First published 2006
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Designed by Dave GloverTypeset by CjB Editorial PlusIllustrated by ??????Original cover design by Wheeler and Porter
The authors and publishers are grateful for permission to reprint thefollowing copyright material:Extract from ‘The Bet’ taken from English Studies Series For Facultyof Arts Book 1 Compiled with Notes and Exercises by ProfessorZeinab Raafat (Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabia, Beirut, 1986), reprinted bypermission of the author.Rudyard Kipling: ‘IF’ from Rudyard Kipling’s Verse, The DefinitiveEdition (Hodder & Stoughton, 1945), reprinted by permission of A P Watt Ltd, on behalf of The National Trust for Places of HistoricInterest or National Beauty.Robert Frost ‘The Road Not Taken’ from The Poetry of Robert Frostedited by Edward Connery Lathem (Henry Holt and Company, LLC,New York, 1969), copyright © Henry Holt and Company 1969,reprinted by permission of the publisher.Cecil L Harrison ‘War is Never Over’.
Although we have tried to trace and contact copyright holdersbefore publication, in some cases this has not been possible.If contacted we will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity
Printed and bound in Palestine by A.R. Hijjawi & Sons Co.
2010 2009 2008 2007 200610 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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1
Black goldUnit 1
Synonyms
Find synonyms of these words and phrases on Student’s Book page 7.
Section 1
1 constructed _______________
2 all over (the world) _______________
3 decrease _______________
4 places _______________
Use pairs of words from Exercise 1 to complete the following.
1 How soon will world oil production start to _______________ ? / Some scientists say that it will begin
to _______________ as soon as 2014.
2 We have very little _______________ _______________ about this part of the ocean, and so we’re
sending our deep-sea submarine down to collect more _______________ .
3 After walking all night, you must be _______________ tired. / You’re right. We’re _______________ tired!
4 Have you found all the _______________ you need for the new film? / No, we’re still looking for some
of the _______________ we’re going to need.
5 Thousands of people came to the festival. They didn’t just come from _______________ the country.
They came from _______________ the world.
Vocabulary: the story of fossil fuels
Complete the diagram with words and phrases from the box.
Millions of years ago:
1 _______________ Þ
2 _______________ Þ produced: _______________ =
3 _______________ Þ
4 _______________ Þ
Use words and phrases from Exercise 3 to complete this statement.
Millions of years ago, heat and _______________ on animal _______________ and _______________
_______________ produced _______________ _______________ , which may take the form of _______________ ,
_______________ or _______________ .
4
animal remains coal fossil fuels gas heat oil plant remains pressure
3
2
1
Reading and development
Section 2
5 below _______________
6 scientific information _______________
7 very, very _______________
8 continues _______________
1 _______________
2 _______________
3 _______________
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2
Vocabulary: the oil industry
Complete the description with words from the box. Change the forms as necessary.
The Middle East has the largest oil (1) _______________ in the world, and these are found in a number
of huge (2) _______________ across the region. In each one, thousands of (3) _______________ pump oil
from deep (4) _______________ up through steel and (5) _______________ pipes to the Earth’s surface.
From there, the oil goes into a (6) _______________ that (7) _______________ it perhaps hundreds of
kilometres to its next destination, which may be a (8) _______________ to carry it be sea to other
countries.
The oil is separated at a (9) _______________ to produce several useful products. These include
(10) _______________ for cars, (11) _______________ which is often used by heavy trucks, and fuel for
(12) _______________ aeroplanes.
Vocabulary: countries and nationalities
Add country names to line 1 of each table. Take them from page 7 and from the world mapat the front of the Student’s Book.
6
concrete diesel jet oilfield oil well petrol pipeline
refinery reserve tanker transport underground
5
Country Nationality Country Nationality
1 _________ _________ 1 _________ _________
2 _________ _________ 2 _________ _________
From your own knowledge, add another pair to complete each table.
Connectors
Choose the correct connector in brackets to complete the following.
1 _______________ America was the place where oilfields were first opened, there were soon many
more in other countries around the world. (Although / Because)
2 Demand is rising. _______________ producers have to look for new oil. (Despite this, / Therefore,)
3 Oil production will soon start declining. _______________ oil demand is likely to keep rising. (In the
same way, / However,)
4 Companies are working hard to find more oil _______________ its high price. (because of / although)
Vocabulary: vehicles
Complete the report with the following words and phrases.
The Road Runner is a mini-bus which has a seating (1) _______________ of 12. At the (2) _______________
of just $19,500.00, it is slightly cheaper than another similar (3) _______________ , the Road Star. Thanks
to its (4) _______________ petrol-electric engine, the Road Runner’s (5) _______________ _______________
is excellent, at under $5.00 per 100 km. It is also very reliable, and so (6) _______________
_______________ are below average. When we add the cost of drivers’ pay, the (7) _______________ of
all (8) _______________ _______________ is approximately $1.20 per km.
capacity fuel economy hybrid maintenance costs price running costs total vehicle
9
8
7
Canadiiaann Iraqii
Country Nationality Country Nationality
1 _________ _________ 1 _________ _________
2 _________ _________ 2 _________ _________
Britii sshh Chineessee
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3
Requesting and giving information:the present
Use the sentence parts to write questionsand answers with be.
1 A (be) Yassir Farra / oil worker
B yes, / (be). / (be) / oil rigger
A __________________________________________
B __________________________________________
2 A (be) he / Egypt
B no, / (be not). / (be) Palestinian
A __________________________________________
B __________________________________________
3 A (be) Paolo / Michelle oil engineers, too
B no, / (be not). / (be) a rigger, and / (be) /
geologist
A __________________________________________
B __________________________________________
Use the sentence parts to write questionsand answers with do.
1 A (do) Yassir (work) abroad
B yes, / (do). / (work) / Saudi Arabia
A __________________________________________
B __________________________________________
2 A (do) he (develop) new oil wells
B no, / (do not). / (maintain) pipelines
A __________________________________________
B __________________________________________
3 A (do) Paolo / Michelle (work) / Saudi Arabia,
too
B no, / (do not). / (work) / Alaska, and / in the
*North Sea
A __________________________________________
B __________________________________________
*(name of the sea to the east of Britain)
2
1
Language Write questions for the answers. Use theverbs in brackets.
1 A __________________________________________
B She comes from Canada. (where / come
from)
2 A __________________________________________
B She looks for new oil. (what / do)
3 A __________________________________________
B She gets by air. (how / get / test locations)
4 A __________________________________________
B She starts as soon as the data begins
arriving. ( when / start work)
5 A __________________________________________
B She often works for 18 hours a day. (how
hard / work)
6 A __________________________________________
B Not very often, unfortunately. (how often /
find / oil)
Giving information: the past
Answer these questions about yourself.
1 When were you born?
______________________________________________
2 Where were you born?
______________________________________________
3 How old were you when you started school?
______________________________________________
4 What year did you start school?
______________________________________________
5 Where did you go to school?
______________________________________________
6 How long did you stay at that school?
______________________________________________
7 Were you happy or unhappy there?
______________________________________________
8 Did you particularly like any subject or
subjects more than others?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4
3
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Personal details
Read the parts of Paolo’s resume. Thenask and answer interview questions. Use thewords in brackets and information from the CV.
1 Nationality:
A (where (be) / from)
__________________________________________
B __________________________________________
2 Place of birth:
A (where (be) / born)
__________________________________________
B __________________________________________
3 Marital status:
A (be) / single)
__________________________________________
B __________________________________________
4 Work:
A (when / start work)
__________________________________________
B __________________________________________
5
Personal detailsFamily name First name NationalityOrtez Paolo Venezuelan
Place of birth Marital status Home addressCaracas Single PO Box 5703
Date of birth Married Puerto del Rio
Nov 15 1980 Venezuela
Career historyOrganisation Dates PositionAlaska Oil 2005– Senior rigger
Vista Oil 2000–2005 Junior rigger
(Venezuela)
5 Company:
A (who / start work with)
_________________________________________
B _________________________________________
5 Present employment:
A (still work / same / employer)
_________________________________________
B _________________________________________
Puzzle
Do the puzzle and find 10 words. Thewords are from Student’s Book pages 6–11.
1 Without ..., no engine can work.
2 We have to ... the equipment carefully so that
it doesn’t break down.
3 The new company has given ... to many
people who had no jobs before.
4 This is dangerous work, so we must be
careful about ... .
5 He’s not married. He’s still ... .
6 We’ve used most of the oil ... here, so
production is now declining.
7 It’s very easy to ... the area around an oil well.
8 The South Oilfield is the most ... of our fields.
We get most of our oil from there.
9 They have to ... the oil first by pipeline and
then by tanker.
6
Where are you from?
I’m from Venezuela.
9
10
8
7
6
5
4
2
1
3
4
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5
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright, whoseplays include The Seagull, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard. He was also awriter of over thirty-five short stories. He was known for the way he used mood and inactionto suggest the psychological state of his characters.
The Bet by Anton Chekhov
PART 1
It was a dark autumn night. The old bankerwas walking up and down his study andremembering how, fifteen years before, he hadgiven a party one autumn evening. There hadbeen many clever men there, and there hadbeen interesting conversations. Among otherthings they had talked of capital punishment.(1)
The majority of the guests, among whom weremany journalists and intellectual men, disapproved of the death penalty.(2) They considered that form of punishment out ofdate, immoral, and unsuitable for ChristianStates. In the opinion of some of them the death penalty ought to be replaced everywhere by imprisonment for life.
‘I don’t agree with you,’ said their host the banker. ‘I have not tried either the deathpenalty or imprisonment for life, but if onemay judge a priori,(3) the death penalty is moremoral and more humane than imprisonmentfor life. Capital punishment kills a man atonce, but lifelong imprisonment kills himslowly. Which executioner(4) is the morehumane, he who kills you in a few minutes orhe who drags the life out of you in the courseof many years?’
‘Both are equally immoral,’ observed(5) oneof the guests, ‘for they both have the sameobject – to take away life. The State is not God.It has not the right to take away what it cannotrestore when it wants to.’
Among the guests was a young lawyer, ayoung man of five-and-twenty. When he wasasked his opinion, he said:
‘The death sentence(6) and the life sentenceare equally immoral, but if I had to choosebetween the death penalty and imprisonmentfor life, I would certainly choose the second.To live anyhow is better than not at all.’
A lively discussion arose. The banker, whowas younger and more nervous in those days,was suddenly carried away by excitement; hestruck the table with his fist and shouted at theyoung man:
‘It’s not true! I’ll bet you two millions youwouldn’t stay in solitary confinement(7) for fiveyears.’
‘If you mean that in earnest,’ said the youngman, ‘I’ll take the bet, but I would stay not fivebut fifteen years.’
‘Fifteen? Done!’ cried the banker. ‘Gentlemen,I stake(8) two millions!’
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6
‘Agreed! You stake your millions and I stakemy freedom!’ said the young man.
And this wild, senseless bet was carried out!The banker, spoilt(9) and frivolous,(10) with millionsbeyond his reckoning, was delighted at thebet. At supper he made fun of the young man,and said:
‘Think better of it, young man, while there isstill time. To me two millions are a trifle,(11) butyou are losing three or four of the best years ofyour life. I say three or four, because youwon’t stay longer. Don’t forget either, youunhappy man, that voluntary confinement is agreat deal harder to bear than compulsory. Thethought that you have the right to step out inliberty at any moment will poison your wholeexistence in prison. I am sorry for you.’
And now the banker, walking to and fro,remembered all this, and asked himself: ‘Whatwas the object of that bet? What is the good ofthat man’s losing fifteen years of his life andmy throwing away two millions? Can it provethat the death penalty is better or worse thanimprisonment for life? No, no. It was all nonsensical and meaningless. On my part itwas the caprice(12) of a pampered(13) man, andon his part simple greed for money …’
Then he remembered what followed thatevening. It was decided that the young man
should spend the years of his captivity underthe strictest supervision in one of the lodges inthe banker’s garden. It was agreed that for fifteen years he should not be free to cross thethreshold(14) of the lodge, to see human beings,to hear the human voice, or to receive lettersand newspapers. He was allowed to have amusical instrument and books, and wasallowed to write letters, to drink wine, and tosmoke. By the terms of the agreement, the onlyrelations he could have with the outer worldwere by a little window made purposely forthat object. He might have anything he wanted – books, music, wine, and so on – inany quantity he desired by writing an order,but could only receive them through the window. The agreement provided for everydetail and every trifle that would make hisimprisonment strictly solitary, and it boundthe young man to stay there exactly fifteenyears, beginning from twelve o’clock ofNovember 14, 1870, and ending at twelveo’clock of November 14, 1885. The slightestattempt on his part to break the conditions, ifonly two minutes before the end, released thebanker from the obligation to pay him twomillions.
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Glossary
1 capital punishment punishment of death bylaw
2 death penalty punishment of death by law
3 a priori /eI praIÆO…/ (Latin) using what we
know about a cause to imagine its likelyeffects
4 executioner someone who kills another as apunishment by law
5 observed – to observe here: comment (butmore commonly used to mean notice orwatch)
6 sentence here: a judge’s official statementthat says how someone will be punished –death ~ by death, or life ~ by spending therest of one’s life in prison
7 solitary confinement a punishment in whicha prisoner is kept alone
8 stake bet, risk losing something importantin order to get or do something else
9 spoilt describing people who get andexpect to get everything they want
10 frivolous not serious or sensible
11 trifle here: a small, unimportant thing
12 caprice a sudden and unexpected idea oraction
13 pampered pampered well looked after andvery comfortable
14 threshold here: the floor at the door to aroom or a building
Reading for pleasure
Read the passage and choose the bestsummary.
1 A group of people at a dinner party are
discussing capital punishment. The host,
a banker, thought that the death penalty
was more moral and humane than life
imprisonment. A young lawyer disagreed.
The banker then bet the young man
two millions that he wouldn’t stay alone
in prison for fifteen years, and the young
man accepted. For fifteen years he would
be able to do anything he wanted, except
to see or hear humans. If he broke these
conditions, he would lose the bet.
1
2 A group of people at a dinner party are
discussing capital punishment. The host,
a banker, thought that life imprisonment
was more moral and humane than the
death penalty. A young lawyer disagreed.
The banker then bet the young man two
millions that he wouldn’t stay alone in
prison for fifteen years, and the young
man accepted. For fifteen years the
lawyer would be able to do anything
he wanted, except to see or hear humans.
If the lawyer broke these conditions,
the banker would lose the bet.
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Answer the questions.
1 Why does the banker think the death
penalty is more moral and humane than life
imprisonment?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Why does one of the guests think that both
are equally immoral?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Why would the young lawyer choose life
imprisonment over death?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 Why does the banker regret the bet?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 How long did the young lawyer agree to stay
in prison?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2
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8
Puncuation
Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (3), full stops (2), commas (3), anapostrophe (... ’s) and a dash.(... – ...).
shanghai one of the worlds biggest cities has
brought in a spanish team of architects to
discuss a possible answer to the problem a truly
amazing tower if the project is agreed it will
take 15 years to build and will be 1.14km tall
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 17, paragraph 5.
Opposites
Find opposites of these words onStudent’s Book page 17.
Paragraphs 1–3
1 lowest _______________
2 stopped _______________
3 past _______________
4 disappeared _______________
5 ugly _______________
6 takes _______________
3
2
1
Reading and development Paragraphs 4–7
7 excluding _______________
8 question _______________
9 bottom _______________
10 fails _______________
Use pairs of words from Exercise 3 tocomplete the following.
1 We _______________ work at 8.00 this morning,
_______________ for lunch at 12.00 and
finished at 4.30.
2 Is this the total price _______________
transport? / No, it’s the price _______________
transport. That’s extra.
3 The population was much smaller in the
_______________ , and in the _______________ it
will get much larger.
4 The _______________ temperature of the day
was 4°C at 4.00 this morning, and the
_______________ was 31°C, at 12.30 this
afternoon.
5 We came down from the _______________ of
the mountain to the _______________ in just
three hours.
6 It’s easy to ask that _______________ , but it’s
very difficult to give the correct
_______________ .
7 The old industrial city is dirty and
_______________ , but the green hills all around
are very _______________ .
8 The same thing happens every time she
takes the exam. She does well in the reading
section and always _______________ in passing,
but she always does badly in the weitten
part and _______________ .
Phrasal verbs: bring
Complete each sentence with bring +along, back, down, in or up.
1 When you come home from Palestine, could
you _______________ _______________ some
kunaffeh?
5
4
People, people everywhereUnit 2
Shanghai,
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9
2 The team will play much better if we
_______________ _______________ a new trainer.
3 Yassir was born and _______________
_______________ as a child in Jenin.
4 We’ll need the completed forms and your
passport, and please _______________
_______________ two passport photos with
you, too.
5 The earthquake _______________
_______________ many of the older buildings
in the city.
Verbs and nouns + preposition
Choose the correct preposition inbrackets.
1 People had a new reason _______________
building higher. (about / for)
2 The Eiffel Tower ... had pointed
_______________ the future. (to / into)
3 ... discuss a possible answer _______________
the problem ... (to / for)
4 To help protect it _______________
earthquakes ... (from / with)
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 17, paragraphs 2 and 5.
Add the correct prepositions to theseother verbs and nouns that you know.
1 You need to listen __________ everyone and
then make up your own mind.
2 I pointed __________ the red bike and asked
how much it was.
3 We don’t have time __________ lunch now.
We’ll have to eat later.
4 The big problem ___________ your idea is
that it won’t work!
5 Look! There’s another example ___________
Anne’s terrible writing.
6 It’s good to meet you at last. I’ve heard a lot
___________ you.
7 I didn’t like Peter when he was small, but he’s
turned ___________ a really nice person now.
8 What’s the difference ___________ these two
types of glass?
8
7
6
Vocabulary: population and socialchanges
Complete the analysis with words fromthe box.
Human population growth today is rapid and
(1) ____________ . Within that growth, we see
various (2) ____________ changes that are of very
great (3) ____________ to the world’s future. For
example, there is a major (4) ____________
towards living in cities. We also see that
the balance of population growth has
(5) ____________ from north to south. As a result,
we find that (6) ____________ cities, e.g. in SE Asia
and S America, are now growing faster than
northern cities in Europe and N America.
The need for more (7) ____________
____________ in cities has led to the
development of very tall (8) ____________
around the world. With their strong steel
(9) ____________ , they are now able to stand
many hundreds of metres tall.
Vocabulary: a new skyscraper
Complete the description with wordsfrom the box.
You can see plans and a model of the new
skyscraper at a public (1) _______________ at City
Hall. The whole (2) _______________ is nearly a
kilometre tall. To support it and (3)
_______________ it from earthquakes, the (4)
_______________ have designed the (5)
_______________ so that they go deep
underground. Then, at ground level, the
(6) _______________ of the structure is nearly a
kilometre in (7) _______________ . This level is
going to be used for car parks and also a large
(8) _______________ _______________ where you
will be able to buy almost anything. Above
that, there are going to be hundreds of
(9) _______________ to carry people to their
homes high in the sky above.
architects base exhibition
foundations lifts protect
shopping centre structure width
10
dynamic frames importance
living space shifted skyscrapers
social southern trend
9
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Present simple or present continuous
Put the verbs in brackets into thepresent simple or present continuous.
1 A Tell me, Sameera, what ______________ ?
(you do)
B ______________ an engineer. ______________
large public buildings. (I be) (I design)
2 A Tony, what ______________ over there? Why
______________ up and down like that?
(you do) (you jump)
B ______________ to see over the top of the
wall! (I try)
3 A What ______________ for dinner tonight?
Chicken? (we have)
B No, ______________ chicken. ______________
fish. (we not have) (we have)
4 A How much money ______________ ? (you
and Nadia have)
B ______________ some, but ______________
any. (she have) (I not have)
5 A There’s my friend Omar. ______________
only 18, but ______________ a bit older.
(he be) (he look)
B Wow! ______________ a bit older.
______________ at least 25! (he not just
look) (he look)
6 A Why ______________ at us like that? (that
boy look)
B I’ve just realised ______________ at us.
______________ at the bus just behind us.
Quick! Let’s get off the road! (he not look)
(he look)
7 A Rania, ______________ sad today. What
______________ about? ______________ to
talk about it? (you seem) (you think)
(you want)
B Well, ______________ my brother Hassan?
______________ to move to Canada, and
______________ he should go. (you
remember) (he want) (I not think)
1
Language Past simple or past continuous
Rewrite each pair of sentences as onesentence. Put one verb in the past simple andthe other in the past continuous. Add while tothe part in the past continuous.
1 I (meet) my friend Ali. I (walk) to school.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 I (do) my homework. My little brother (start)
making a noise.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Hanan’s car (break down). She (drive) to
Nablus.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 We (wait) for the bus. Two fire engines
suddenly (go) past.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 Salwa (call) this morning. I (make) lunch.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Past simple or present perfect
Nick and his family are getting ready tomove house. Put the verbs in brackets in thepast simple or the present perfect.
Mum (1) ____________ (you pack) all your
things in boxed yet?
Nick Yes, (2) ____________ (I finish) doing that
last night, and now (3) ____________ (I just
take) the boxes to the front door, ready
for the van.
Mum And (4) ____________ (you clean) your
room yet?
Nick Well, (5) ____________ (I clean) this
morning, but (6) ____________ (I not do)
everything yet.
Mum And where’s Dad? I need his help in the
kitchen.
3
2
I met my friend Ali while I was walking to
school.
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11
Nick I think (7) ____________ (he go) out half
an hour ago. Wait! I can see him from
the window now. (8) ____________ (he just
arrive) with the van.
Mum Oh, no! He’s too early! (9) ____________
(I not even begin) packing the kitchen
things yet!
Nick Wow! That’s a problem! Why
(10) ____________ (we decide) to move
today and not tomorrow?!
Past simple or past perfect
Complete the following with pairs ofverbs from the box. Put one verb in the pastsimple and the other in the past perfect.
1 Deema ______________ at the picture for a
long time. She ______________ anything so
beautiful in all her life.
2 Fadi ______________ with us because he
______________ dinner earlier at home.
3 We were surprised when Nadia
______________ to buy a new TV since she
______________ to do that previously.
4 Up till then, Omar ______________ nothing at
meetings, but he changed and he
______________ to speak all the time.
5 I ______________ that the job would be very
difficult but, in fact, I ______________ that I
could do it with no trouble at all!
Past prefect simple or continuous
Decide whether the action is eitherFINISHED recently or is UNFINISHED. Explain.
1 She’s done her project.
______________________________________________
2 I’ve been learning Japanese for years.
______________________________________________
3 We’ve been waiting all day.
______________________________________________
4 They’ve written all the invitations.
______________________________________________
5
agree – always refuse imagine – find
look – never see not eat – already have
usually say – suddenly want
4
5 I’ve been checking the list of names for the
last hour.
______________________________________________
6 He’s saved enough money for a new sound
system.
______________________________________________
7 She’s been practising her talk to the class
since this morning.
______________________________________________
Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Find 12 words fromStudent’s Book Unit 2 pages 16–21.
6
FINISHED. (The project is complete.)
UNFINISHED. (I’m still studying.)
b w i d t h k a w n
f y y g m x t r u e
o t r e n d w e v x
u h s w f s e h b h
n a t i p u y i v i
d i r x r d r t c b
a z u z o h t e o i
t c c a t a j c t t
i j t z e g q t e i
o b u f c d a s p o
n d r c t r l p b n
c k e m e f r a m e
s o c i a l k k r j
j f l d g o g b a s
i m p o r t a n c e
m h e n f i h p l i
s k y s c r a p e r
i
e
x
u
s
h
i
f
t
q
s
n
o
e
n
q
m
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12
The Bet by Anton Chekhov
PART 2
For the first year of his confinement, as far asone could judge from his brief notes, the pris-oner suffered severely from loneliness anddepression. The sounds of the piano could beheard continually day and night from his lodge.He refused wine and tobacco. Wine, he wrote,excites the desires, and desires(1) are the worstfoes(2) of the prisoner; and besides, nothing could be more dreary(3) than drinkinggood wine and seeing no one. And tobaccospoilt the air of his room. In the first year thebooks he sent for(4) were principally(5) of a lightcharacter; novels with a complicated love plot,(6)
sensational and fantastic stories, and so on.In the second year the piano was silent in
the lodge, and the prisoner asked only for the classics. In the fifth year music was audible(7)
again, and the prisoner asked for wine. Thosewho watched him through the window saidthat all that year he spent doing nothing buteating and drinking and lying on his bed, frequently yawning and angrily talking tohimself. He did not read books. Sometimes atnight he would sit down to write; he wouldspend hours writing, and in the morning tearup all that he had written. More than once hecould be heard crying.
In the second half of the sixth year the prisoner began zealously(8) studying languages,philosophy, and history. He threw himselfeagerly into these studies – so much so that thebanker had enough to do to get him the bookshe ordered. In the course of four years somesix hundred volumes were procured(9) at hisrequest. It was during this period that the
banker received the following letter from hisprisoner:
‘My dear Jailer, I write you these lines in sixlanguages. Show them to people who knowthe languages. Let them read them. If they findnot one mistake I implore(10) you to fire a shotin the garden. That shot will show me that myefforts have not been thrown away. Thegeniuses of all ages and of all lands speak different languages, but the same flameburns(11) in them all. Oh, if you only knew whatunearthly(12) happiness my soul(13) feels nowfrom being able to understand them!’ The prisoner’s desire was fulfilled.(14) The bankerordered two shots to be fired in the garden.
Then after the tenth year, the prisoner satimmovably at the table and read nothing butthe Gospel. It seemed strange to the bankerthat a man who in four years had mastered sixhundred learned volumes should waste nearly a year over one thin book easy of comprehension. Theology and histories of reli-gion followed the Gospels.(15)
In the last two years of his confinement theprisoner read an immense quantity of booksquite indiscriminately.(16) At one time he wasbusy with the natural sciences, then he wouldask for Byron or Shakespeare. There werenotes in which he demanded at the same timebooks on chemistry, and a manual of medicine,and a novel, and some treatise(17) on philosophyor theology. His reading suggested a manswimming in the sea among the wreckage(18) ofhis ship, and trying to save his life by greedilyclutching first at one spar(19) and then at another.
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13
Glossary
1 desires strong feelings of wanting to haveor do something
2 foes (literary) enemies
3 dreary making you feel bored or unhappy
4 sent for – send for to ask or arrange forsomeone or something to come to you
5 principally mainly
6 plot a series of events that together are themain story in a book, film, etc
7 audible able to be heard
8 zealously energetically and with effort
9 were procured – to procure to getsomething, especially with effort ordifficulty
10 implore to ask with great feeling someoneto do something
11 the same flame burns the same humanspirit has great energy
12 unearthly strange, beyond what is normalin the ordinary world
13 soul spirit
14 was fulfilled – to fulfil to do what waswanted or hoped for
15 ~Gospel one – or here, all – of the fourbooks in the Christian Bible that describethe life of Jesus Christ
16 indiscriminately without careful thought orplanning
17 treatise a serious book or smaller piece ofwriting about a particular subject
18 wreckage the broken parts that are stillthere after damage or destruction
19 spar here, a thick pole that supports aboat’s sails
Reading for pleasure
Read the passage and match thesentences with the years when they happened.
a He ate and drank, lay on his bed and cried,
and sometimes wrote all night. ____________
b He read all kinds of books, literature, science
and novels. ____________
c He studied philosophy and history, and
learned six languages without mistakes.
____________
d He was lonely and depressed, and spent his
time reading and playing the piano.
____________
e He read a single book about theology and
the history of religion. ____________
Preparation for the tawjehi exam
Answer the questions.
1 Why did the prisoner refuse wine and
tobacco?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Why did the prisoner ask the banker to fire a
shot in the garden? And why do you think
the banker asked for two shots to be fired?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 What did the prisoner’s reading suggest
about his moods at different times?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Complete the sentences.
1 The prisoner often wrote all night, then
____________________________________ .
2 It was difficult to get all the books the
prisoner requested because
____________________________________ .
3 He believed he had mastered six languages
because ____________________________________ .
3
2
Year 1 Year 5 Year 6 Year 10 Year 14/15
1
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14
Don’t throw it away!Unit 3
Puncuation
Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (8), full stops (3), exclamation marks (... !)(2), question marks (... ?) (2), commas (3), andapostrophes (3).
how much do we recycle
last year we produced 295,000 tons of rubbish
of that 24% was recycled thats better than the
average recycling rate of 17% in britain but
experts say we could recycle 60% so lets try to
do better heres what others are already doing
why not us too
__________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at theOxford leaflet on Student’s Book page 27.
Quantities
Match quantities 1-3 with the materialsin the box.
1 400 litres of ______________
2 some pieces of ______________
3 295,000 tons of ______________
concrete rubbish water
3
2
1
Reading and development Match these in the same way. Then addother possible materials.
1 a metre of ________________________________
2 a packet of ________________________________
3 a carton of ________________________________
4 a can of ________________________________
5 a bag of ________________________________
Make statements from the table onStudent’s Book page 27.
1 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Countable or uncountable
Decide which nouns are countable andwhich are uncountable. Write [C] or [U].
1 aluminium [ __ ]
3 car [ __ ]
5 computer [ __ ]
7 equipment [ __ ]
9 money [ __ ]
11 newspaper [ __ ]
13 seed [ __ ]
6
5
cloth cola milk rice seeds
4
cloth, carpet, plastic, glass
In the USA, people
In New Zealand, people recycle 60% of all
waste from homes.
2 bottle [ __ ]
4 city [ __ ]
6 concrete [ __ ]
8 hospital [ __ ]
10 news [ __ ]
12 rubbish [ __ ]
14 water [ __ ]
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15
Many nouns can be countable oruncountable. Decide if the underlined wordsare countable or uncountable. Write [C] or [U].
1 a I need some material for a dress. [ __ ]
b Aluminium is a material that we can
easily recycle. [ __ ]
2 a There’s a paper to sign, and then I can
give you the money. [ __ ]
b Is there any paper for the printer. [ __ ]
3 a Let’s try one more time. [ __ ]
b Time passes quickly when you’re
enjoying yourself. [ __ ]
4 a Could I have a glass of water? [ __ ]
b We need five more pieces of glass to
finish the windows. [ __ ]
Complete the following with countableand uncountable nouns from Exercise 7. Thenwrite [C] or [U].
1 a She’s been to Jerusalem many
______________ . [ __ ]
b I haven’t got ______________ now, so let’s
talk tomorrow. [ __ ]
2 a This ______________ is too thin for a winter
jacket. [ __ ]
b Lots of light-weight ______________ are
used in modern cars. [ __ ]
3 a These ______________ are important
documents. [ __ ]
b Please keep all waste ______________ for
recycling. [ __ ]
Vocabulary: everyday recycling
Complete the summary with words fromthe box.
The Focus section shows that we can reuse
or (1) ____________ many things in many ways.
For example, it is easy to cut old (2) ____________
into pieces of (3) ____________ that we can
then use to make useful things like bed
(4) ____________ . We can also use old plastic
(5) ____________ to grow flower or vegetable
cloth clothes cover pots
rainwater recycle seeds
9
8
7 (6) ____________ , and we can save (7) ____________
to help grow them.
Vocabulary: conserving water
Complete the summary with words fromthe box.
The first text on Student’s Book page 7 is part
of a leaflet from Gaza City (1) ____________ .
It first reminds us that water is (2) ____________
to life: it is a (3) ____________ to every
(4) ____________ thing. It then asks people to be
responsible and (5) ____________ , helping to
conserve water and to (6) ____________ fairer
water (7) ____________ to everybody. The
leaflet goes on to call for people to report
(8) ____________ water pipes and to mend
connections that are (9) ____________ .
Vocabulary: towards more recycling
Complete the summary with words fromthe box.
The Council is worried that people are too
(1) ____________ in the way they throw things
out, and that they are not doing enough about
(2) ____________ . The leaflet explains that
dealing with waste from our homes is
expensive. First, there is the (3) ____________ of
(4) ____________ from people’s homes, and then
there is the problem of safe (5) ____________ of
all this waste at the (6) ____________ . The leaflet
goes on to show that what we throw out
includes things like paper, aluminium cans and
(7) ____________ waste such as old computers –
things that are often recycled in other
countries. Then it shows how ordinary people
are finding ways of recycling materials and
repairing (8) ____________ equipment. This is to
persuade everybody else to (9) ____________
themselves.
collection disposal dump
electronic faulty get started
rubbish recycling wasteful
11
achieve broken Council distribution
leaking living necessity partiotic vital
10
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16
Modal verbs: present forms
Complete each sentence with anappropriate modal verb from the box.
1 If we hurry, we ____________ be able to catch
the bus.
2 I think it’s going to rain. / But it ____________ .
There’s some blue sky over there.
3 ____________ you understand the problem? /
Yes, but what’s the answer?
4 ____________ you definitely be there on time
tomorrow? / Yes, I promise.
5 If the team loses again, they ____________ get
another chance to win the championship
until next year.
6 There’s too much work to do. We just
____________ finish in time. It’s impossible!
Rewrite each sentence. Use could orwould to be more indirect and polite.
1 Can I borrow your book, please?
______________________________________________
2 I prefer to go home now.
______________________________________________
3 Do you want to see the photos? (Use like.)
______________________________________________
4 Please bring me that magazine.
______________________________________________
5 Do you want her to call you?
______________________________________________
Complete each sentence with anappropriate modal verb from the box.
1 It’s a very important meeting, so you
_________________ be late.
(not) have to / need to
must (must not / mustn’t) ought (not)
should (should not / shouldn’t)
3
2
can (cannot / can’t may / might (not)
will (will not / won’t)
1
Language 2 It’s a holiday tomorrow, so I _________________
get up early.
3 I feel ill! / You _________________ to see the
doctor.
4 It seem to me that you _________________ eat
so much chocolate. It’s not very good for
you.
5 Do you really _________________ go? / Yes, I’m
sorry. It’s getting late.
6 Tell us one thing that we really
_________________ do to succeed. / The most
essential thing is to plan carefully.
7 You _________________ to spend your money
so quickly.
8 It’s a beautiful day. We _________________ take
a picnic and go out for the day.
Rewrite each sentence so that it has thesame meaning and contains the word inbrackets (in positive or negative form).
1 It’s a good idea to check your writing
carefully. (should)
______________________________________________
2 It’s necessary for us to revise before the
exams. (need)
______________________________________________
3 Don’t miss the football match next week.
(must)
______________________________________________
4 Is it possible for us to practise basketball
after school? (may)
______________________________________________
5 It’s possible that I’ll visit my cousins in
Amman. (might)
______________________________________________
6 It isn’t necessary to go if you don’t want to.
(have to)
______________________________________________
7 Is it important for me to answer the letter?
(ought)
______________________________________________
8 I’d like you to call me tomorrow. (could)
______________________________________________
4
You should check your writing carefully.
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17
Modal verbs: substitutes
Complete each sentence with a pastmodal form from the box.
1 I was very worried because I knew I
______________ fail my driving test. I felt that I
only had a 50% chance of passing it.
2 But I decided that I ______________ simply do
my best – and hope.
3 I ______________ take the test in our town
because it was too small to have a test
centre.
4 That meant that I ______________ catch the
bus to Nablus.
(not) be able to / couldn’t had to / didn’t
have to might (for may) would (for will)
5
5 Luckily, I ______________ get up too early
because the test wasn’t until midday.
6 But not so luckily, I ______________ wake up
at all that morning. I slept till 11.00!
7 The reason? I ______________ sleep the night
before because I had been so worried
about the test.
8 The result was that I ______________ run all
the way to the bus stop.
9 I almost missed the bus, but I ______________
jump on the bus just as it was leaving.
10 And as for the test, well, Dad met me
afterwards with the car, and I ______________
drive home as a qualified driver!
2
4
2
1
3
51
4 5
3
Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Find the words in Student’s Book pages 26–31.
Across
1 The things he’s selling are in very good ... .
2 The Council has to ... of all the rubbish.
3 With more ... , the team will be very good.
4 You should plant two or three ... in
each pot.
5 If your new computer is ..., you need to take it
straight back to the shop.
6
Down
1 The ... environmental services officer is the
top man.
2 I’ve kicked a hundred goals with these old
football ... .
3 You ought to ... the food and put it in the fridge.
4 We can recycle much more of our ... than we
do.
5 It’s ... to mend broken water pipes quickly
and to conserve water.
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18
The Bet by Anton Chekhov
PART 3
The old banker remembered all this, andthought:
‘To-morrow at twelve o’clock he will regainhis freedom. By our agreement I ought to payhim two millions. If I do pay him, it is all overwith me: I shall be utterly ruined.’
Fifteen years before, his millions had beenbeyond his reckoning;(1) now he was afraid to askhimself which were greater, his debts or hisassets. Desperate gambling(2) on the StockExchange(3) wild speculation(4) and the excitabilitywhich he could not get over even in advancingyears, had by degrees(5) led to the decline of hisfortune and the proud, fearless, self-confidentmillionaire had become a banker of middlingrank, trembling at every rise and fall in his investments.
‘Cursed bet!’ muttered the old man, clutch-ing his head in despair ‘Why didn’t the mandie? He is only forty now. He will take my lastpenny from me, he will marry, will enjoy life,
will gamble on the Exchange; while I shalllook at him with envy like a beggar, and hearfrom him every day the same sentence: ‘I amindebted to(6) you for the happiness of my life,let me help you!’ No, it is too much! The onemeans of being saved from bankruptcy(7) anddisgrace is the death of that man!’
It struck three o’clock, the banker listened;everyone was asleep in the house and nothingcould be heard outside but the rustling of thechilled trees. Trying to make no noise, he tookfrom a fireproof safe the key of the door whichhad not been opened for fifteen years, put onhis overcoat, and went out of the house.
It was dark and cold in the garden. Rain wasfalling. A damp cutting wind was racing aboutthe garden, howling and giving the trees norest. The banker strained his eyes,(8) but couldsee neither the earth nor the white statues, northe lodge, nor the trees. Going to the spotwhere the lodge stood, he twice called the
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19
Glossary1 reckoning an ability to count or work out
2 gambling – to gamble to risk losing moneyin the hope of winning more if you arelucky
3 the Stock Exchange a place where peoplebuy and sell shares in companies and maymake or lose a lot of money as the shareprice go up and down
4 speculation here, gambling
5 by degrees little by little
6 indebted to here, grateful to someone fortheir help
7 bankrupcy a situation in which a person ora business officially has no money andcannot pay back money to others
8 strained his eyes tried hard to see
9 watchman a person who guards e.g. abuilding, especially at night
10 sought – to seek to look for
11 greenhouse a building made of glass that isused for growing plants that needprotection from cold weather
12 had the pluck was brave enough, was nottoo frightened
13 easy-chairs large comfortable chairs thatare often used in a living-room
14 seals here, things that keep e.g. a containershut and that you have to break in order toopen it
15 shaggy long, thick and untidy
16 earthy tint a slightly brown colour
watchman.(9) No answer followed. Evidentlythe watchman had sought(10) shelter from theweather, and was now asleep somewhereeither in the kitchen or in the greenhouse(11)
‘If I had the pluck(12) to carry out my intention,’thought the old man, ‘Suspicion would fall firstupon the watchman.’
He felt in the darkness for the steps and thedoor, and went into the entry of the lodge.Then he groped his way into a little passageand lighted a match. There was not a soulthere. There was a bedstead with no beddingon it, and in the corner there was a dark cast-iron stove. The seals on the door leading to theprisoner’s rooms were intact.
When the match went out the old man, trem-bling with emotion, peeped through the littlewindow. A candle was burning dimly in theprisoner’s room. He was sitting at the table.Nothing could be seen but his back, the hair onhis head, and his hands. Open books werelying on the table, on the two easy-chairs, 13)
and on the carpet near the table.Five minutes passed and the prisoner did
not once stir. Fifteen years’ imprisonment hadtaught him to sit still. The banker tapped at thewindow with his finger, and the prisoner madeno movement whatever in response. Then thebanker cautiously broke the seals(14) off the door
and put the key in the keyhole. The rusty lockgave a grating sound and the door creaked.The banker expected to hear at once footstepsand a cry of astonishment, but three minutespassed and it was as quiet as ever in the room.He made up his mind to go in.
At the table a man unlike ordinary peoplewas sitting motionless. He was a skeleton withthe skin drawn tight over his bones, with longcurls like a woman’s and a shaggy(15) beard.His face was yellow with an earthy tint(16) in it,his cheeks were hollow, his back long and nar-row, and the hand on which his shaggy headwas propped was so thin and delicate that itwas dreadful to look at it. His hair was alreadystreaked with silver, and seeing his emaciated,aged-looking face, no one would havebelieved that he was only forty. He was asleep… In front of his bowed head there lay on thetable a sheet of paper on which there wassomething written in fine handwriting.
‘Poor creature!’ thought the banker, ‘he isasleep and most likely dreaming of the millions. And I have only to take this half-dead man, throw him on the bed, stifle him a little with the pillow, and the most conscientious expert would find no sign of aviolent death. But let us first read what he haswritten here …’
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20
Preparation for the tawjehi exam
Tick (4) the correct answer.
1 The banker was no longer a rich man
because …
a he was now quite old.
b he had lost his money on the
Stock Exchange.
c the prisoner had won the bet.
d he doesn’t want the man to thank
him for his happiness.
2 The banker decides to kill the
prisoner because …
a he doesn’t want to lose the bet.
b it’s very quiet and there’s
no one around.
c the man is asleep.
d the guard is absent.
Decide who he refers to: the banker, orthe prisoner.
1 … now he was afraid to ask himself which
were greater, his debts or his assets.
_______________
2 He will take my last penny from me, he will
marry, will enjoy life, will gamble on the
Exchange. _______________
3 He was a skeleton with the skin drawn tight
over his bones, with long curls like a
woman's and a shaggy beard. _______________
4 … he is asleep and most likely dreaming of
the millions. _______________
3
2
Reading for pleasure
Read the passage and number theevents in the order they happen.
a The only way for the banker to save himself
is to kill the prisoner. ______
b Over the years, the banker has lost his
money. ______
c There was no sound outside, not even from
the guard. ______
d The banker decides to kill him, but then
notices a sheet of paper. ______
e The banker is jealous that the prisoner will
soon have won the bet. ______
f It was in the middle of the night as the
banker left the house. ______
g The banker looked through a window into
the prisoner’s rooms. ______
h The prisoner was asleep, so the banker
entered the room. ______
1
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21
Engineeering the futureUnit 4
Grammatical forms and abbreviations
Complete the list below with theunderlined words, including a countable nounwith an irregular plural.
The Dam provides water for many millions of
people and for the irrigation of large areas of
farmland that lie along the Nile.
1 ____________ verb [T] (= transitive verb,
needing an object)
2 ____________ verb [I] (= intransitive verb, not
taking an object)
3 ____________ noun [U] (= uncountable noun)
4 ____________ noun [C] (= countable noun)
5 ____________ noun [C] (irregular plural)
Find more words to complete anotherlist, as in Exercise 1.
The Dam stands 111 metres high, and behind it
lies Lake Nasser. In addition to water, Aswan
supplies large amounts of electricity. It has
therefore brought the Egyptian people great
benefits and has allowed their children to look
forward to a better future.
1 ____________ verb [T]
2 ____________ verb [T]
3 ____________ verb [I]
4 ____________ verb [I]
5 ____________verb [U]
6 ____________ noun [U]
7 ____________verb [U]
8 ____________ noun [U]
9 ____________verb [U]
10 ____________ noun [C] (irregular plural)
2
1
Reading and development Vocabulary: abbreviations
Match the meanings in the box toabbreviations 1–6.
1 min _______________
3 NE _______________
5 m _______________
Adjective or adverb
Choose the correct form from the wordsin brackets to complete the sentences.
1 Egypt’s farmland lies almost ____________
(total / totally) along the Nile.
2 Farmers must now spend ____________
(heavy / heavily) on fertilisers.
3 I was ____________ (proud / proudly) to help
finish the project.
4 The old dam had never been ____________
(high / highly) enough.
5 We ____________ (final / finally) finished in 1970.
6 The floods had ____________ (actual /
actually) been unreliable.
7 Farmers would have faced ____________
(dangerous / dangerously) floods.
8 Gaza can now develop several ____________
(environmental / environmentally) friendly
resorts.
9 There are also ____________ (important /
importantly) natural resources.
10 There is an area of ____________ (special /
specially) natural beauty.
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 37 for numbers 1–7 and page 41 for numbers 8–10.
5
4
kilometre(s) maximum metre(s)
minimum north-east south-west
3
2 max _______________
4 SW _______________
6 km(s) _______________
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22
Vocabulary: Egyptian farming past andpresent
Complete the comparison with thefollowing words.
In ancient times, Egyptian (1) _______________
depended on the Nile to flood their
(2) _______________ and keep it (3) _______________
with the (4) _______________ that the water left
behind. These were a natural (5) _______________
that helped crops grow well year after year. This
happened all the way from the far south to the
(6) _______________ Nile Delta, where many water
(7) _______________ slowly cross the low land to
the sea.
In modern times, the Aswan High Dam has
changed things greatly. First, farmers no longer
(8) _______________ the old dangers of disastrous
floods or the opposite – (9) _______________ .
However, without the old life-giving floods,
farmers now have to buy (10) _______________
farm chemicals to feed their land. But then
again, Aswan has allowed an (11)
_______________ irrigation system which has
brought much more land into active use by
farmers. On (12) _______________ , therefore, the
Dam has been a great benefit to the country.
Vocabulary: developing resorts
Complete the article with words fromthe box.
Tourist resorts are often developed in areas of
great natural (1) ____________ or around ancient
(2) ____________ sites. When this happens, it is
(3) ____________ to plan carefully and in an
(4) ____________ ____________ way. It is
(5) ____________ vital to avoid a (6) ____________
between the site itself and the new
development. If the resort is developed badly, it
has the (7) ____________ to destroy the special
nature of the place. The job of the
(8) ____________ team is therefore a very
absolutely beauty conflict
environmentally friendly essential
heritage infrastructure planning
planning services
7
artificial balance channels droughts
expanded face farmers farmland
fertile fertiliser northern sediments
6
responsible one. They have to produce a plan
that provides all the necessary (9) ____________
and facilities – roads, water and electricity
(10) ____________ , hotels and so on – and that
also still protects what is special and attractive
about the place.
Conditionals – type 0
Answer each question with a fullstatement. Follow the question’s use of if orwhen.
1 Q What do you usually do if you feel tired?
A __________________________________________
2 Q What do you generally do when you get
home from school?
A __________________________________________
3 Q What do you like doing when you have
some free time?
A __________________________________________
4 Q What do you do if you feel thirsty?
A __________________________________________
5 Q What do you do if you can’t understand
your homework?
A __________________________________________
6 Q What do you like doing when you go out
with your family?
A __________________________________________
Conditionals – type 1
Complete the sentence for eachsituation, using the words in brackets as aguide.
1 You and your sister are choosing a present
for your brother. He is crazy about
basketball, and he really wants a basketball
ring so that he can practise scoring at home.
You have just found a good one. You say:
(buy, be)
I know it’s expensive. But ____________________
______________________________________________
2 You have bought a CD, but it seems to be
faulty and does not play on your CD player.
2
1
Language
If I feel tired, I usually
When
if we buy him the
basketball ring, he’ll be very happy.
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23
Your friend advises you and says: (explain,
replace)
You should take it back and talk to the
people at the shop. __________________________
______________________________________________
3 Today is a holiday, and you and your brother
are going to visit your cousins for the day.
However, he is still eating breakfast, and the
bus will go soon. You say: (not leave, miss)
Listen, do you really want to see our cousins,
or not? ______________________________________
______________________________________________
4 Your little sister is standing on a chair and
leaning out of her bedroom window in your
third-floor apartment. You are very
frightened and you shout: (fall, kill yourself )
Get down from that chair right now! ________
______________________________________________
5 Your friend has had an argument with
another friend, and now they are not talking
to each other. Your friend is worried about
the situation but does not know what to do.
You say: (not say sorry, lose)
Look, you started the argument, and you
were wrong. ________________________________
______________________________________________
6 Your sister is trying to decide whether to go
to college or to stay at home and help your
mother with the house and the younger
children. You say: (not go, not get)
Well, I think you should definitely take the
chance. _____________________________________
______________________________________________
Conditionals – type 2
Use the sentence parts to writesentences. Add capital letters, commas and fullstops.
1 / I (have) the chance to go / North America /
(travel) across Canada
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 / I (visit) Australia / (go) surfing / Bondi Beach
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
3 / I (have) more free time / (like) / study music
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 / my brother (work) a bit harder / (be) / best
student in / whole school!
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 / our cousins (come) / live with us / (all have)
/ great time together
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 / my sister (can choose) any career she
(want) / (become) / family doctor
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Conditionals – type 3
Say how things could have happeneddifferently.
1 I spent most of my money on a really good
football, so I didn’t have enough to buy
some new boots.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Mahmoud didn’t study hard enough, so he
didn’t get the grade he wanted in the exam.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 We forgot to take any money with us, so we
couldn’t buy anything to eat.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 I rode down the hill much too fast, so I
couldn’t avoid crashing at the bottom.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4
If I had the chance to go to North America,
I would (I’d)
If I had not (hadn’t) spent most of my
money on a really good football, I would
have (I’d have) had enought to
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5 I couldn’t get home early, so I had to miss my
favourite TV programme.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 Salwa managed to save enough money, so
she was able to hep her sister go to college.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Could have and should have
Write suitable replies using could have orshould have and the words in brackets.
1 A I can’t do the work today. There’s no time.
(yesterday)
B __________________________________________
__________________________________________
5
2 A He should talk to his teacher about the
problem. (a long time ago)
B __________________________________________
__________________________________________
3 A We can’t have lunch now. We have to
catch the bus. (earlier)
B __________________________________________
__________________________________________
4 A I’d better apply for a driving licence soon.
(as soon as you were old enough)
B __________________________________________
__________________________________________
5 A I’ll give you back your magazine
tomorrow. I promise. (today)
B __________________________________________
__________________________________________
6 A The pain’s getting worse. She should see
the doctor. (when it first started)
B __________________________________________
__________________________________________
Well, you could have done the work
yesterday.
Yes, but
Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Find words in Student’sBook Unit 4 pages 36–41.
6
Across
1 technology that lets you communicate with
people far away
2 The ... point of S America is not very far from
the Antarctic Circle.
3 The ... point of North America is inside the
Arctic Circle.
4 The ... age for getting married is sixteen in
many countries.
5 The ... weight this truck can carry is 40 tons.
6 Near its mouth, the Nile opens into a wide ... .
7 The opposite of sensible.
Down
1 These are small pieces of earth carried and
the dropped by the river.
2 These pieces of earth used to ... the land
along the Nile naturally.
3 possible, even likely
4 a distance of about 1.5 km
5 a small distance – a little longer than one of
a man’s feet
6 vital
7 A ... can easily grow into a war.
8 A good farmer looks after his ... well.
2 3
1
3 4
7
1 2
65
8
4
6
5
7
page overlength by 3 lines
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25
The Bet by Anton Chekhov
PART 4
The banker took the page from the table andread as follows:
‘To-morrow at twelve o’clock I regain myfreedom and the right to associate with(1) othermen, but before I leave this room and see thesunshine, I think it necessary to say a fewwords to you. With a clear conscience I tell you,as before God, who beholds(2) me, that I despisefreedom and life and health, and all that in yourbooks is called the good things of the world.
‘For fifteen years I have been intently studying earthly life. It is true I have not seenthe earth nor men, but in your books I havedrunk fragrant wine, I have sung songs, I havehunted stags and wild boars in the forests,have loved women … Beauties as ethereal(3) asclouds, created by the magic of your poets andgeniuses, have visited me at night, and havewhispered in my ears wonderful tales thathave set my brain in a whirl.(4) In your books Ihave climbed to the peaks of Elburz and MontBlanc, and from there I have seen the sun riseand have watched it at evening flood the sky,the ocean, and the mountain-tops with goldand crimson. I have watched from there thelightning flashing over my head and cleaving(5)
the storm-clouds. I have seen green forests,fields, rivers, lakes, towns. I have heard thesinging of the sirens,(6) and the strains(7) of theshepherds’ pipes; I have touched the wings ofcomely(8) devils(9) who flew down to conversewith me of God ... In your books I have flungmyself into the bottomless pit, performed miracles, slain,(10) burned towns, preached newreligions, conquered whole kingdoms …
‘Your books have given me wisdom. All thatthe unresting thought of man has created inthe ages is compressed into a small compass(11)
in my brain. I know that I am wiser than all ofyou.
‘And I despise your books, I despise wisdomand the blessings of this world. It is all worthless, fleeting,(12) illusory, and deceptive,like a mirage. You may be proud, wise, andfine, but death will wipe you off the face of theearth as though you were no more than miceburrowing under the floor, and your posterity,your history, your immortal geniuses willburn or freeze together with the earthly globe.
‘You have lost your reason and taken thewrong path. You have taken lies for truth, andhideousness for beauty. You would marvel if,owing to strange events of some sorts, frogsand lizards suddenly grew on apple and orangetrees instead of fruit, or if roses began to smelllike a sweating horse; so I marvel at you whoexchange heaven for earth. I don’t want tounderstand you.
‘To prove to you in action how I despise allthat you live by, I renounce(13) the two millionsof which I once dreamed as of paradise andwhich now I despise. To deprive myself of theright to the money I shall go out from here fivehours before the time fixed, and so break thecompact(14) … ‘
When the banker had read this he laid thepage on the table, kissed the strange man onthe head, and went out of the lodge, weeping.At no other time, even when he had lost heavily on the Stock Exchange, had he felt sogreat a contempt for himself. When he gothome he lay on his bed, but his tears and emotion kept him for hours from sleeping.
Next morning the watchmen ran in withpale faces, and told him they had seen the man who lived in the lodge climb out of the window into the garden, go to the gate,and disappear. The banker went at once withthe servants to the lodge and made sure of the flight(15) of his prisoner. To avoid arousingunnecessary talk, he took from the table thewriting in which the millions were renounced,and when he got home locked it up in the fireproof safe.
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26
Glossary1 associate with to spend time with
2 beholds – to behold (literary) to see, look at
3 ethereal having a special beauty that seemsnot to be part of the ordinary world
4 in a whirl in a state of fast-changing chaos
5 cleaving – to cleave (literary) to cut or breakinto two parts with great strength
6 sirens here, women in ancient Greek storieswho sang to men on ships to make themsail towards rocks and crash into them
7 strains (literary) here, sounds
8 comely (old-fashioned) attractive
9 devils bad spirits
10 slain (literary) killed
11 compass (literary) here, space
12 fleeting continuing for only a very shorttime
13 renounce here, to state formally that youare giving up something that you have orcould have
14 compact (formal) here, agreement
15 flight (literary) here, escape
Reading for pleasure
Read the passage and tick (4) thecorrect answer.
The prisoner
a … rejects knowledge and freedom.
b … has learnt a great deal from
his reading.
c … has won the bet.
The banker
d … despises himself.
e … lets the prisoner escape.
f … destroys the page the prisoner wrote.
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Tick (4) the true statements.
1 While he has been in prison, the prisoner
believes that …
a he has gained great wisdom.
b he has achieved great freedom.
c death is better than life
imprisonment.
d he enjoys life more.
2 The banker reads the message …
a and promises to be a better person.
b but decides to ignore it.
c but releases the prisoner.
d and learns to despise money.
Answer the questions.
1 Who do you think is morally better in The Bet,
the lawyer who rejects knowledge, or the
banker who is frightened of the truth? Can
you explain why?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 What happens to the banker?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 What happens to the ex-prisoner?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
2
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Punctuation
Rewrite this part of the text. Put incapital letters (6), full stops (2), question marks(2), commas (4) and a dash.
some offer free gifts like watches or calculators
which are nice but not important however
these questions are
1 will i be offered free banking banking
without charges
***
2 could i get a loan if necessary how long for
and at what interest rate
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 47 paragraph 7.
Synonyms
Find synonyms of these words andphrases in the Student’s Book.
Page 46
1 money ________________
2 take out ________________
3 move ________________
4 set up ________________
Page 47
5 plan ________________
6 one day/before too long ________________
3
2
1
Reading and development 7 in fact ________________
8 difficulty ________________
9 money coming in ________________
10 money going out ________________
11 don’t forget ________________
Rewrite the following using elevenwords and phrases from Exercise 3.
Sam I need to take out some money from the
bank.
Rick Me, too, but actually I can’t. I’ve got real
financial difficulties right now. I’ve had
no money coming in, and lots of money
going out recently. My account’s empty!
Sam Wow! You definitely are in a bad
situation. What do you aim to do about
it?
Rick Well, I’m expecting a cheque before too
long.
Sam Yes, but what about right now? I could
move a bit of money to your account if
you like.
Rick Thanks, but I know you haven’t got much
money either.
Sam Well, don’t forget that you can talk to the
bank and set up a loan.
Position of adverbs
Rewrite the sentences. Put the adverbsin brackets in the normal position.
1 (?) You (?) will (?) remain (?) a customer (?)
forever (?). (probably)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 (?) You (?) should (?) make (?) time (?) to
discover these deals (?). (definitely)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5
4
Money mattersUnit 5
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28
Look at Student’s Book page 47paragraphs 5 and 6 to check your work. Thenrewrite these sentences in the same way.
1 You can talk to the bank about a loan.
(certainly)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 You could ask for an overdraft. (possibly)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Vocabulary: language of banking
Match words a–o in the box todefinitions 1–15.
1 _______________: ‘plastic’ that lets you spend
money you do not have
2 _______________: ‘plastic’ that lets you
withdraw money that you have in your
account
3 _______________: activity of using a bank
4 _______________: money that your employer
pays you for your work every month
5 _______________: money that you do not
spend now and keep for the future
6 _______________: fixed amount of money that
you borrow, e.g. from a bank
7 _______________: extra money that you have
to pay for money that you borrow
8 _______________: one of many banks, shops
or offices with the same name
9 _______________: flexible amount of money
that you borrow from a bank
10 _______________: plan which balances money
coming in and money going out
11 _______________: money, especially foreign
money
12 _______________: change one country’s
money into another’s
a account b banking c branch
d budget e credit card f currency
g debit card h exchange
i exchange rate j interest k loan
l overdraft m salary n savings
o traveller’s cheque
7
6 13 _______________: paper that you change for
money in another country
14 _______________: the amount of money that
you pay in one currency to buy money in
another currency
15 _______________: facility at a bank which
allows it to look after your money as you
pay it in and take it out
Complete the explanation by a bank’sstudent adviser with the following words.
Hello. Now, this leaflet explains in detail our
various special (1) _______________ to students,
but here are the main points. First, we
understand the (2) _______________ problems
that many students have, and we are here to
help with (3) _______________ overdrafts of up
to £2,000.
Of course, every student today needs a
computer, and we offer a 15% (4) _______________
when you buy at PC Planet. This is available
both for the (5) _______________ – the equipment
itself – and the (6) _______________ programs
which you use with the computer.
Another thing: students never think about
loss or damage to expensive things like
computers, but these things happen, and we
offer cheap (7) _______________ that will pay if
they do.
Next, when you join us, the first thing that
happens is that we give you £30. We
immediately (8) _______________ that money to
your new account.
Finally, we know that students have to travel
a lot, and we offer a choice of cheap
(9) _______________ tickets to travel by train or
(10) _______________ tickets to travel by road.
coach credit discount financial
hardware insurance interest-free
offers rail software
8
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29
Verb + infinitive or -ing
Choose the correct form in brackets tocomplete each sentence.
1 Hello! I didn’t expect _______________ (to see /
seeing) you here!
2 I feel like _______________ (to go / going) out
for the day. What about you?
3 Would you mind _______________ (to open /
opening) the window? It’s very hot in here.
4 They’ve promised _______________ (to be /
being) ready by 8.00, but I’m not sure they
will be.
5 I don’t understand him, but he seems
_______________ (to want / wanting) to talk
to you.
6 I can’t imagine _______________ (to stay /
staying) very long in such a terrible place.
7 You should avoid _______________ (to drive /
driving) into town in the morning when the
roads are busy.
8 She’s hoping _______________ (to finish /
finishing) the project tonight.
Use a verb from the box in anappropriate form to complete each sentence.
1 I can’t _______________ going out again today.
I’m too tired.
2 I’ve been thinking for a long time, and now
I’ve _______________ to buy the bike.
3 Yussef had problems at first, but now he has
_______________ to get the machine to work.
4 I’m not very interested in basketball. I’d
_______________ to watch the football on
Channel 2.
5 Then I said what I thought would be best. I
_______________ finishing work first and then
going out.
6 I don’t know if you want to talk about it, but I
_______________ noticing that you looked very
sad the other day.
can’t help decide enjoy face
manage offer prefer suggest
2
1
Language 7 You must come to the party. You’ll
_______________ seeing all your old friends
again.
8 Look at this letter from the bank. They’re
_______________ to give me an interest-free
overdraft. Great!
Relative clauses with what, when, where,why and how
Put the sentence parts together to formsentences.
1 he (write) / budget / show what / (plan) /
spend
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 he (work out) / timetable / show when /
(aim) / do various things
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 she (draw) / map / show where / (plan) / go
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 she (create) / travel plan / show how /
(intend) / get there
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 they (make) / notes / show what / (hope) / do
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 they (add) / explanation / show why / (want) /
do it
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
The passive: mixed tenses
Rewrite each sentence with its verb in the passive. Be careful about the position ofwords like first and only.
1 They first set up the bank in London 150
years ago.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4
3
He wrote a budget to show what he
The bank was first
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30
2 In the early days, it only offered banking
services to companies.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 For the last 100 years, it has also accepted
individual customers.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 In the early 1900s, the bank was slowly
starting its first few branches across Europe.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 Today, the bank is still extending its
international operations.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 It will probably achieve its 4,000th branch
within ten years.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
7 These days, people recognise the name of
the bank all over the world.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Rewrite each sentence with a verb in thepassive. Include by + agent where this seemsnecessary.
1 People first exchanged goods many
thousands of years ago.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 People only invented money much later in
history.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 People in different parts of the Ancient World
gradually accepted gold as a currency.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5
4 The Lydian people living in modern Turkey
made the first gold-and-silver coins over
2,600 years ago.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5 People have also used other things as
money over the years.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6 For example, people on South Pacific
islands used seashells as their currency
many years ago.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
7 The first official bank notes were produced
by the Chinese government over 1,000
years ago.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Find 8 words fromStudent’s Book pages 46–51.
6
q a y r c h e q u e
c u s t o m e r t j
s o c b e k i d i g
t r a n s f e r t l
p a x n z c u m e h
e x p e n s e s m f
w d b e v c h a r g
d i s c o u n t f h
i
n
c
o
m
e
e
g
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31
John Keats (1795–1821) is considered to be one of Britain’s greatest Romantic poets. During his
life, his work was highly criticised, and it was only after his early death that his poetry was
appreciated for its imagination and rich language.
I had a dove
I had a dove and the sweet(1) dove died; And I have thought it died of grieving: O, what could it grieve for? Its feet were tied, With a silken(2) thread of my own hand’s
weaving; Sweet little red feet! why should you die – Why should you leave me, sweet bird! why? You liv’d alone in the forest-tree, Why, pretty thing! would you not live with me? I kiss’d you oft and gave you white peas(3)
Why not live sweetly, as in the green trees?
John Keats
Glossary
1 sweet here, attractive, also kind and pleasant
2 silken made out of silk, a very expensive,
high-quality sort of cloth
3 white peas small, delicious vegetables
Reading for pleasure
Read the poem again, think aboutmeanings and tick (4) the correct boxes.
1 A dove is a kind of
(a) tree
(b) bird.
2 To grieve is to be
(a) happy
(b) sad
about something which has died.
3 Thread is
(a) thin cotton used for sewing
(b) made of leaves or plants
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Answer the questions.
1 Why do you think the dove’s feet were tied?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2 Who tied the bird’s feet?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
3 Did the poet care about the bird?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2
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32
Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) was a story teller and poet, and well-known for his interest in the
adventure and romance which he found in the growing British Empire. He won the Nobel Prize for
Literature in 1907, still the youngest person to receive this award.
If
If you can keep your head(1) when all about you(2)
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,But make allowance for(3) their doubting too;If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,(4)
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:
If you can dream – and not make dreams your master;If you can think – and not make thoughts your aim;If you can meet with Triumph and DisasterAnd treat those two impostors(5) just the same;If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spokenTwisted by knaves(6) to make a trap for fools,(7)
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,And stoop(8) and build ‘em up with worn-out tools;
If you can make one heap of all your winningsAnd risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,(9)
And lose, and start again at your beginningsAnd never breathe a word about your loss;If you can force your heart and nerve(10) and sinew(11)
To serve your turn(12) long after they are gone,And so hold on when there is nothing in youExcept the Will which says to them: ‘Hold on!’
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,(13)
Or walk with kings – nor lose the common touch,(14)
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,If all men count with you,(15) but none too much;If you can fill the unforgiving minute(16)
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run(17) –Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,And – which is more – you’ll be a Man, my son!
Rudyard Kipling
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33
Glossary
1 keep your head remain sensible andthinking clearly in a crisis
2 all about you everyone around you
3 make allowance for here, to consider andaccept something that others feel eventhough you do not agree with them
4 give way to hating weakly let yourself hate
5 imposters here, things that pretend to besomething special and important, whichthey are not
6 knaves (old-fashioned) dishonest men
7 make a trap for fools get stupid people tobelieve something that is no longer thetruth because the ‘knaves’ have changedyour words and ideas
8 stoop to bend the top half of your bodydownwards, here meaning to bend down tostart working hard
9 pitch and toss a competitive throwinggame which you may win or lose
10 nerve here, feeling of self-control
11 sinew here, physical strength
12 serve your turn do what you need them todo
13 virtue here, honesty, goodness
14 the common touch ability to communicatewell and naturally with ordinary people
15 count with you are important to you
16 unforgiving minute time that continues todisappear whether or not you do anythinggood and useful with it
17 distance run good and useful activity done
Reading for pleasure
Read the poem and choose the bestsummary of the poem.
1 The poem tells a young man about to
leave home how he should behave
in the British colonies.
2 The poem is a set of rules for young
people on behaviour, honesty and
self-development in a hostile world.
3 The poem encourages individual
courage and sacrifice over merely
following the rules of society.
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Decide what advice the poet gives if
1 … people panic and blame you
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2 … men doubt you
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3 … things you have created are broken
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
4 … you lose all your winnings
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
5 …your heart and nerve are gone
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Describe what will happen if you followall the advice the poet gives.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3
2
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34
Punctuation
Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (4), full stops (4) and apostrophes (3).
just say no dont take on too much because
other people want you to think about yourself
more learn to say no when youre asked to do
something that doesnt fit in with your goals
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 57, Tip 6.
Synonyms
Find synonyms of these words andphrases in the Student’s Book page 57.
1 particularly ________________
2 alone ________________
3 prepared ________________
4 aims ________________
5 sometimes ________________
6 timetable ________________
7 keep to ________________
8 is more important ________________
than ________________
9 match, go well with ________________
10 tidy everything ________________
up ________________
3
2
1
Reading and development Complete the following using words andphrases from Exercise 3.
1 A What’s your main ________________ in life
at the moment?
B Right now, the major ________________ is to
do well in the Tawjehi exams.
2 A Have you written a revision
________________ to help you organise
your work?
B Yes, I’ve got a ________________ that tells
me what I need to do every day.
3 A Do you manage to ________________ your
revision plan?
B Well, I try to ________________ it as closely
as possible, but I sometimes can’t quite
get everything done.
4 A What about organising your room? Have
you found time to ________________ ?
B Well, I ________________ a week ago, but
now I’m afraid it’s getting into a mess
again.
5 A Is there anything you find ________________
hard to do?
B Yes, I find it ________________ difficult to
work when there’s football on TV.
Phrasal verbs with get
Complete each sentence with get and aword from the box.
1 They used to be friends, but now they don’t
____________ each other at all.
2 My pen has fallen into the hole in the floor,
and I can’t ____________ it ____________ .
3 I’m worried that Hani is ____________
computer games far too much. He spends
hours playing them!
4 Hanan hopes to ____________ college, but she
won’t know till the summer.
into on with out
5
4
Getting your life organisedUnit 6
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35
5 It’s hard to start work again, but we really
must ________________ it.
6 Khalid stood up to speak, but he was so shy
that he couldn’t ________________ the words
________________ .
Other phrasal verbs
Complete the sentences with otherphrasal verbs from Student’s Book pages 57and 61.
1 I’m going to ________________ the job of
running the junior football team.
2 This is important to remember, so
________________ it ________________ , please.
3 I’m going on the internet to ________________
more about Palestine.
4 We have to have the meeting today. We can’t
________________ it ________________ any longer.
Vocabulary: planning your life
Complete the tips for new students withthe following words.
If you create a (1) ____________ for yourself, this
will help you get your life more (2) ____________ .
To do it properly, you need to leave enough
space to write your most important
(3) ____________ activities and (4) ____________ –
things you have to do such as (5) ____________
for a big test. Keep this important document
safely in a (6) ____________ , and remember to
check it every day.
Try to (7) ____________ things that waste time,
e.g. playing computer games, and then get rid of
these terrible (8) ____________ . Other things may
have to go, too, if they do not (9) ____________
your most important goals and (10) ____________ .
However, you shouldn’t go completely mad
about this. Leave some time to (11) ____________
and have fun, or you could just (12) ____________
– and that would be a disaster.
burn out daily file fit in with identify
obligations organised planner priorities
relax revision time wasters
7
find out put off take on write down
6
Vocabulary: the first day at college
Complete the tips for new students withthe following words.
There was a lot for Jamila to do on her first day
at college, and it was hard to (1) _______________ .
She first went to the (2) _______________ centre
to get her student (3) _______________ card. Then
she ran all the way to the library in order to
be (4) _______________ for a tour of the
(5) _______________ there which was led by the
chief (6) _______________ . After that, she went to
a meeting with the Head and (7) _______________
Head of her Department. From there, she raced
to the (8) _______________ – not for a game of
basketball or anything like that, but to find
out about all the college clubs and
(9) _______________ such as sports and drama.
As she was going in, she saw an old friend
in the (10) _______________ to the building,
and they agreed to meet again later. Inside,
Jamila talked to a lot of people, and she
(11) _______________ for the volleyball team and
the folk music club. Then it was time to meet
her friend at the college (12) _______________
for coffee and something to eat. After an hour
together, she was really tired, and she went
back to her room for a good night’s sleep.
administration cafeteria deputy
entrance facilities get everything done
gymnasium identity librarian on time
signed up societies
8
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36
Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives
Underline all the pronouns and possessive adjectives in the sentences. Then add them tothe table below.
1 I’ve lost my book. Have any of you seen it?
2 Would you like me to help you with your work?
3 I saw myself on TV the other day. Have you ever seen yourselves on TV?
4 We tried to help him, but he didn’t want us there, and he didn’t want our help.
5 The children have had a bad day. She’s cut herself, and he’s burned himself.
6 Have you two got your tickets ready? I’ve got mine here, but have you both got yours?
7 Are these CDs ours or theirs? / They’re both theirs. This one is his, and the other one is hers. Look,
it’s got her name on it.
8 The climbers got caught in a storm at night. It got so bad that they couldn’t see and soon lost
their way. Two of the group fell and injured themselves.
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexivepronouns pronouns pronouns adjectives pronouns
Sing: 1st ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2nd ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
3rd ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____ ____ / ____ / ____
Plur: 1st ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2nd ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
3rd ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Complete the table yourself.
Write what you would say in these situations. Use words from the table.
1 You want to offer to carry a heavy case for an old lady.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Somebody has picked up your school bag instead of his / her own bag, which you now pick up
and point at as you call.
Hey! That bag’s ____________ , not ____________ . This one is ____________ bag.
3 You want to get your magazine back from your friend.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 You want to warn your little brother to stop playing with the kitchen knife because of the danger
of cutting himself.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 Explain what you gave your brother and your sister at Eid.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
2
1
Language
Would you like
Could
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37
Reflexive pronouns: mixed uses
Use reflexive pronouns to complete the sentences. In addition to the normal way, use reflexives with by, with for and also to emphasise.
1 I know you both want to turn back, but I _______________ feel we should go on.
2 Your hair looks terrible. Look at _______________ in the mirror.
3 You don’t need to explain. I can see _______________ what is happening.
4 The others were too tired to continue, so Salwa climbed _______________ to the top of the mountain.
5 Huda loved giving everybody else jobs to do, but she _______________ did very little work.
6 Ahmed is getting very strange. He talks to _______________ all the time!
7 I’ll tell you the answer this time, but in future you must learn to think _______________ .
8 Hassan is so strong that he was able to move the cooker _______________ , without any help.
9 The question _______________ is not very complicated, but the answer certainly is.
10 The boy fell down the stairs and hurt _______________ quite badly.
11 The old lady lives _______________ these days, and she rarely goes out to see anyone.
12 You don’t need to explain what I did to everyone. I can speak _______________ .
Indirect forms
Look at Sameer Badawi’s lists of questions for his Department Head, Dr Bremner, and for the librarian. Use the starters in the box below to turn them into polite, indirect forms.
Questions for Dr Bremner1 What day do lectures start?2 Is there a timetable for lectures?3 Can we see you to discuss any problems?4 Is it necessary for us to buy all the books on the reading list?5 How much written work are we supposed to produce each semester?
Questions for the librarian1 Do students have to pay to borrow books?2 When does the library close in the evening?3 Can anybody use the computers in the library?4 Is the library open at the weekend and during holidays?5 What do we do when somebody else has the books we need?
Questions for Dr Bremner1 _____________________________________________________________________________
2 _____________________________________________________________________________
3 _____________________________________________________________________________
4 _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5 _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
I wonder Can I ask Can you tell me May I ask Could you say Could you tell me
5
4
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Questions for the librarian1 _____________________________________________________________________________
2 _____________________________________________________________________________
3 _____________________________________________________________________________
4 _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5 _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Puzzle
Do the puzzle and find 10 words. Use words from Student’s Book pages 56–61.
6
1 The most important thing is the top ... .
2 Don’t ... so much. Everything will be all right.
3 something you have to do
4 aims
5 With this, you know what you need to do
and when.
6 every day
7 For some people, the ... of life are so great
that they burn out.
8 Too much ... is a bad thing, so you need to
find ways of reducing it and relaxing.
9 Air companies usually have different ... for
summer and winter flights.
9
7
3
6
4
2
8
5
1
10
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39
The Road Not Taken is one of the most famous works by the American poet, Robert Frost
(1874–1963). He is highly regarded, particularly in the US, where he is known for his interest in
pastoral themes. Frost lived for a while in a rural part of England, and this poem was written after
a walk in the countryside. While the form of the verse is traditional, it reflects the rhythms and
vocabulary of ordinary modern speech.
The Road Not TakenTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth; (1)
Then took the other, as just as fair, (2)
And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear; (3)
Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same,
Glossary
1 undergrowth smaller plants growing close
together under larger trees
2 as just as fair being just as attractive
3 wanted wear new, as in need of being used
4 ages and ages hence a long, long way into
the future
Reading for pleasure
Read the poem and choose the bestsummary.
1 The narrator is describing a walk in a
wood. He comes to a fork in the path
and has to choose the best route. One
path is worn and so has been clearly
used, which suggests it’s the right way
to go. The other path is grassy which
suggests few people have taken it.
Yet the narrator chooses the second
path, even though it may go in the
wrong direction because he thinks
it will be different and more interesting.
2 As a traveller on the road of life, the
narrator wants to join two different
roads, but he can only choose one
of them. He chooses the one less
travelled, and that ‘makes all the
difference’. The poem is a call for
the reader to choose his or her
own way in life and not follow the
path that others have already taken.
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Answer the questions.
1 And having perhaps the better claim …
Why was it better to take this path?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Had worn them really about the same, …
What was the condition of the two paths?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Yet knowing how way leads on to way, …
So why does he doubt he’ll ever come back?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 And that has made all the difference.
What kind of difference has it made?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2
And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh, I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence: (4)
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I –I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.
Robert Frost
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40
Cecil L. Harrison is an American poet who fought with the US Marines against Japan in World War
2, and in particular in the last major battle of the war in Okinawa from April to June 1945. He
witnessed the death of 200,000 Japanese soldiers and civilians, and 100,000 US casualties.
War is never over (1)
War is never overThough the treaties may be signedThe memories of the battlesAre forever in our minds
War is never overSo when you welcome heroes homeRemember in their minds they holdMemories known to them alone
War is never overNam (2) veterans (3) know this wellNow other wars bring memories backOf their own eternal hell
War is never overFor I knew world war two (4)
And I'll not forget the battlesOr the nightmares that ensue
War is never overThose left home to wait know thisFor many still are waitingIt was their farewell (5) kiss
War is never overThough we win the victoryStill in our minds the battles No freedom is not free! (6)
Cecil L. Harrison
Glossary
1 over finished
2 Nam short for Vietnam and referring to the
*Second Indo-Chinese War (1965–75) which
the USA and South Vietnam fought to prevent
communist North Vietnam from taking over
the south; an abbreviation invented and used
by Americans who fought there
*(The name ‘Vietnam War’ actually also covers the First and
Second Indo-Chinese Wars, the first being fought by the
French and the Vietnamese army against the communist
Vietnamese under Ho Chi-minh (1946-54), which led to the
separation of the country into north and south.)
3 veteran mainly a US expression for someone
who fought for his or her country in a war
4 world war two the war from 1939 to 1945, in
which the main countries on one side were
Germany, Italy and Japan and, on the other,
Britain, the USA and the Soviet Union
5 farewell (old-fashioned) goodbye
6 No freedom is not free = No, freedom is not
free!
Reading for pleasure
Read the poem and decide which ofthese opinions the poet would agree with.
1 There is nothing which is worth fighting
a war over.
2 Soldiers never forget the battles
they fought.
1
3 The people who stayed at home
sometimes suffer more than those
who died.
4 Defending freedom costs lives.
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Answer the questions.
1 Though the treaties may be signed …
What treaties does the poet mean?
______________________________________________
2 So when you welcome heroes home …
Who does you refer to?
______________________________________________
3 Nam veterans know this well …
What is a Nam veteran?
______________________________________________
4 For many still are waiting / It was their farewell
kiss …
Why are they waiting? Why was it their
farewell kiss?
______________________________________________
2
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41
Opposites
Find opposites of words in Student’sBook page 67.
Letters to Jasmin
1 past _______________
2 put on (weight) _______________
3 start (2 words) _______________
4 refuse _______________
5 well _______________
Replies from Jasmin
6 difficult _______________
7 fat _______________
8 sad _______________
Complete the following using wordsfrom Exercise 1.
1 How _______________ do you speak French? /
Not too _______________ . I can do simple
things like shopping.
2 What’s wrong? You don’t look very
_______________ . / You’re right. I’m
_______________ because my grandmother is
very ill.
3 I want to _______________ another five kilos. /
But you already weigh far too little. You need
to _______________ some weight.
4 The university _______________ my first
application, but when I applied again, they
_______________ me!
5 Nadia’s _______________ was very unhappy. I
really hope that her _______________ will be
much better.
2
1
Reading and development 6 You’re feeding that cat too much. I know it
used to be very _______________ , but now it’s
far too _______________ !
7 The first part of the journey was
_______________ because the road was good,
but then the road ended, and things got
much more _______________ .
8 Our school year _______________ in
September, we _______________ for a break in
February, and then the year _______________ in
June.
Phrasal verbs: mixed
Complete the following with thesephrasal verbs from Student’s Book pages 66,67 and 69.
1 I can’t argue with her any more. I’m going to
_______________ and do what she says.
2 Salwa is very sad. Let’s go and talk to her and
try to _______________ her _______________ .
3 Everything is badly organised here. We need
you to come and _______________ things
_______________ .
4 It really _______________ me _______________
when I have to waste time looking for things.
5 My parents say I haven’t got time for both
football and basketball. I’m going to have to
_______________ one or the other.
6 All the problems at home have _______________
Ali _______________ badly. He’s very unhappy.
cheer up get down give in
give up sort out stress out
3
Dealing with stressUnit 7
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42
Vocabulary: feelings
Say how you would feel in thesesituations. Choose words from Box 1 and Box2. Try to use two adjectives for each situation.
1 You have to go up in front of the whole
school to receive a prize. On the way up, you
fall.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Three different teachers have today told your
class that you are going to have ‘surprise’
tests tomorrow.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 You have tried very hard to get into the local
football team to play your favourite sport,
but you have failed.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 Your brother went to study in America two
months ago. He wrote several times when he
first arrived, but you have heard nothing
since then.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 Your parents have given you a beautiful
present – exactly what you have wanted for
a long, long time.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 You are a passenger on a coach that is going
down a long, steep hill. The driver is going far
too fast, and he is not concentrating on the
road.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
angry annoyed depressed embarrassed
frightened happy nervous pleased
sad scared stressed (out) unhappy
upset worried
a bit a little quite very extremely
4
Vocabulary: a personal problem
Somebody else has written to Jasminabout one of the letter writers in the Student’sBook page 67. Read to find out who.Write the name. ____________________________
Complete the letter with words from thebox.
accept architect arguments
husband married refuse right now
unhappy university worried
6
5
If that happened, I would feel extremely
If that happened
and
Dear Jasmin
I’m very (1) _______________ about mysister, and I can’t stop thinking about her. She used to be a happyperson, but now she has become very (2) _______________ . There have been (3) _______________ between her and ourparents about her future. Mum and Dad want her to get (4) _______________
when she finishes school, and they havechosen somebody who would certainly be a good (5) _______________ to her. But she desperately wants a career, and sheloves architecture, so (6) _______________
she wants to (7) _______________ the placeat (8) _______________ she has been offered and to train to become an (9) _______________ . What should she do?Should she do what our parents want, or should she (10) _______________ ?
Salah (17)
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Verb + infinitive or verb + -ing (2)
You heard Tim and his sister Lucy inListening and speaking. Now complete the nextpart of their conversation. Use these lists tohelp you choose the correct forms of the verbsin brackets.
Tim I’ve got another problem, Lucy. Would
you mind (1) _______________ (give) me
some more advice?
Lucy OK, I’ll try (2) _______________ (help) if I
can. What’s the problem?
Tim Well, after our last conversation, I really
want (3) _______________ (work) harder,
especially in physics, but a few days ago I
forgot (4) _______________ (put) my
physics book away in my desk at school. I
expected (5) _______________ (find) it in
the same place in the physics *lab the
next day, but it had disappeared.
Lucy Oh, no! That’s so stupid!
Tim Well, I didn’t mean (6) _______________
(lose) it, did I?
Lucy No, of course not, but you really must stop
(7) _______________ (make) mistakes like
this.
Tim OK, OK, but what do you suggest? I’ve
given up (8) _______________ (look for) it
now. It’s gone.
Lucy Have you considered (9) _______________
(ask) your teacher for another one?
Tim I can’t face (10) _______________ (tell) him.
He’ll be so angry!
Verb + infinitivedecide expect forget decide
expect mean try want
Verb + -ingconsider face feel like
give up mind stop
1
Language Lucy Well, unless you decide (11) _______________
(do) that, you won’t get another book,
and then you won’t be able to study
properly. So even though you don’t feel
like (12) _______________ (talk) to him, you
don’t have any choice. You just have to!
Tim I suppose you’re right. Again!
*lab – short for laboratory
Complete the sentences. Use the correctforms of the pairs of verbs in the box.
1 A I ____________ ____________ the museum in
Bethlehem a long time ago, but I’m not
sure what year it was.
B Did you ____________ ____________ the
museum as I suggested when you were
there last month?
2 A I ____________ ____________ the book when
I was at the shop, but I forgot.
B Don’t worry. It just ____________
____________ it by phone instead.
3 A I’m ____________ ____________ 146.58 × 14.46
in my head, but it’s quite difficult!
B Why don’t you ____________ ____________ it
____________ on my calculator instead? It’ll
be a lot quicker!
4 A I’ll never ____________ ____________ my
cousin on TV for the first time.
B That reminds me. We mustn’t ____________
____________ her when she’s on TV again
tonight.
5 A You must ____________ ____________ things
we don’t need like DVDs.
B You’re right, but I’m going to ____________
and ____________ some things we do need
at the supermarket on my way home.
6 A She’s amazing. She ____________
____________ novel after novel for ten years.
B And now, she’s ____________ ____________
a book of poetry.
forget / watch go on / write mean / order
remember / visit stop / buy try / work out
2
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Suggesting, advising and warnings
Write what you would say if you were inthese situations. Use the starters in brackets.
1 Your neighbour’s child is climbing on a high
wall. You are worried that he will fall and hurt
himself. (If you don’t ..., you’ll ...)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 You and your friends are discussing where to
go. Your suggestion is the park. (What about
(+ -ing) ...)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Your friend has felt ill for several days but
does not want to go to the doctor. You think
a visit to the doctor would be sensible. (If I
were you, I’d ...)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 Your brother has had several money
presents for Eid and is not sure how to use
the cash. Make two suggestions. (You could ...
or ...)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 Your sister is having problems with her
homework, and you can’t help her very
much. You think it would be a good idea for
her to ask her teacher to explain everything
again. (You had better ...)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 Your brother has started smoking, and you
want him to stop. You are worried about him
a) wasting a lot of money, and b) destroying
his health. (Unless you ..., you’ll ...)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Use words from Student’sBook Unit 7 pages 66–71.
Across
1 a big, important test
2 She often ... the amount of sweet things she
eats, but then she slowly starts to eat more
again.
3 think very hard about something
4 frighten
5 If people are unpleasant to you, it is very
easy to get ... .
6 a married woman
7 He is so ... that he can run all day!
8 Don’t be depressed about it. Don’t let it get
you ... .
Down
1 You need ... help. I’m going to call the doctor.
2 He was unhappy, but the good news soon ...
him up.
3 You need to choose a subject to study that
you like and that will ... you.
4 not sure
5 If she has to do too many things at the same
time, she gets very ... out.
4
6
4
3
1 2
3
1 2
4 5
5
7 8
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Ella Wheeler Wilcox (1850–1919) was one of the USA’s most optimistic writers. Her poems and
prose demonstrate the triumph of hope over despair, of victory over failure and of good over evil.
But her popularity attracted criticism of her poetry, which some felt was too sentimental.
Solitude
Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep,(1) and you weep alone. For the sad old earth must borrow its mirth,(2)
But has trouble enough of its own. Sing, and the hills will answer; Sigh,(3) it is lost on the air. The echoes(4) bound(5) to a joyful(6) sound, But shrink from(7) voicing(8) care.(9)
Rejoice,(10) and men will seek(11) you; Grieve,(12) and they turn and go. They want full measure(13) of all your pleasure,(14)
But they do not need your woe.(15)
Be glad, and your friends are many;Be sad, and you lose them all. There are none to decline(16) your nectared wine,(17)
But alone you must drink life’s gall.(18)
Feast,(19) and your halls are crowded; Fast,(20) and the world goes by.(21)
Succeed and give, and it helps you live, But no man can help you die. There is room in the halls of pleasure(22)
For a long and lordly train,(23)
But one by one we must all file on(24)
Through the narrow aisles(25) of pain.(26)
Ella Wheeler Wilcox
Glossary
1 weep cry, often used in poetry
2 mirth (old-fashioned) laughter
3 sigh breathe out with a long, soft sound thatmay show you are sad or happy – here, sad
4 echoes sounds that are repeated as soundwaves hit e.g. walls and come back
5 bound jump
6 joyful very happy
7 shrink from draw back from
8 voicing talking about
9 care (old-fashioned) worry
10 rejoice feel and express great happiness
11 seek look for
12 grieve feel very sad
13 full measure the full amount
14 all your pleasure everything that you enjoy
15 woe sorrow, sadness
16 decline say no to
17 nectared wine sweet drink
18 gall (old-fashioned) something that tastesterrible and is poisonous
19 feast (old-fashioned) eat a large amount,often at a special time
20 fast eat nothing for a period of time
21 goes by passes you without stopping
22 halls of pleasure large rooms where peoplecome together to enjoy themselves
23 long and lordly train fine-looking group ofpeople moving forward in a long line
24 one by one ... file on go on one at a time
25 narrow aisles narrow spaces for walking
26 pain illness, loneliness and death
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Maltbie D. Babcock (1858–1901) was famous more as a priest(1) than as a poet, but his hymns(2) are
still sung in many churches today. He had an ability to express truth and morality(3) simply.
Be Strong
Be strong!We are not here to play, to dream, to drift,
We have hard work to do, and loads to lift.
Shun not the struggle;(4) face it. ‘Tis(5) God’s gift.
Be strong!Say not the days are evil,(6) – Who’s to blame?(7)
And fold not the hands and acquiesce, – O shame!(8)
Stand up, speak out, and bravely, in God’s name.
Be strong!It matters not how deep entrenched the wrong,(9)
How hard the battle goes, the day, how long.
Faint(10) not, fight on! To-morrow comes the song.(11)
Maltbie D. Babcock
46
Reading for pleasure
Read the poem and decide what it tellsthe reader to do. Circle the correct word.
laugh weep sing sigh be glad be sad
Decide if the following words have apositive or negative meaning in the poem.Write (P) or (N).
care ___ fast ___ feast ___ full measure ___
gall ___ mirth ___ nectared ___ shrink ___
2
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Tick (4) the true statements, accordingto the poem.
1 The earth is a sad place, but people make
it happy.
2 Sighing is a sound which no one hears.
3 If you grieve, people will try to help you.
4 When you’re unhappy, you’re unpopular.
5 You’ll always be alone if you’re successful.
6 You should learn to suffer pain alone.
1
Glossary
1 priest religious leader
2 hymns Christian religious songs
3 morality ideas about right and wrong in theway we think and behave
4 struggle hard fight
5 ‘Tis (old-fashioned) It is
6 evil very bad
7 blame say or think s.b. or sth is the cause ofan accident, problem or bad situation
8 shame state of feeling bad or embarrassedafter behaving badly
9 the wrong something that is bad
10 faint when your brain stops working for ashort time, and you collapse
11 To-morrow comes the song the prize, thehappy time in life after death
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Reading for pleasure
Read the poem and decide if it suggestsyou should or shouldn’t do the following.Write √ or X.
dream ___
faint ___
fight on __
fold your hands ___
lift loads ___
play ___
speak out ___
stand up ___
Work out the meanings. Tick (4) (a) or(b).
1 drift means something like
(a) be decisive ___ .
(b) be uncertain ___ .
2 shun means
(a) to accept ___ .
(b) to avoid or refuse___ .
3 acquiesce means
(a) to agree to something ___ .
(b) to disagree with something ___ .
4 Something which is entrenched is
(a) difficult to change ___ .
(b) new ___ .
2
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Say whether these sentences are true (T)or false (F). Correct the false statements.
1 Life is a struggle which we should face. ___
2 We should not stand back and simply
accept our fate. ___
3 We need to fight for right and against
wrong. ___
4 It is acceptable to have a moment’s
doubt. ___
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
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Punctuation
Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capital letters (15), full stops (2), a colon (:) and commas (7).
applicants should send their curriculum vitae and a covering letter in english to ms j ashour human
resources manager at po box 7854 ramallah stating the relevant job title and reference number
closing date thursday march 5
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at Student’s Book page 77.
Curriculum vitae
Think about yourself in ten years from now. Write the CV that you might have by then.Use Arwa Abed’s CV on Student’s Book p 77 to help you feel free to imagine details.
3
2
1
Reading and development
Your future world of workUnit 8
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: __________________________________________
Contact details Address: ___________________________________________________________
Personal data Date of birth: __________________________________
_____________________ __________________________________
Education Qualifications
_____________________ _____________________________ ______________________________________________
_____________________ _____________________________ ______________________________________________
_____________________ _____________________________ ______________________________________________
Work experience
_____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Languages _____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
Skills _____________________________ _____________________________
Achievements ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Interests _____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
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Vocabulary: writing a CV
Use words from the two boxes to complete the two paragraphs of advice.
There is a (1) ____________ of slightly different ways for an (2) ____________ to write a good
(3) ____________ ____________ (CV for short). Whatever way you do it, though, the (4) ____________ is to
write it so that it will attract the employer’s attention immediately and increase the chances of a
positive (5) ____________ . The main points are that a CV must take up no more than a page, and that
all the information it (6) ____________ must be very clear and tidy. It must give a full picture of your
education and (7) ____________ , normally starting with the most recent information first.
Where possible, emphasise points that are (8) ____________ to the particular application. For example,
if you are applying for a (9) ____________ or (10) ____________ job in business, be sure to mention, e.g.
a (11) ____________ from a (12) ____________ evening course in IT skills as well as your main
(13) ____________ studies, e.g. your university (14) ____________ course. Then again, if you are applying
for a manager’s job, show that you can lead and organise. For example, if you were (15) ____________
as a student (16) ____________ at college, make sure that you say so.
Definitions
Match the words in the box to the definitions below.
1 ________________ the various tasks that a job requires you to do
2 ________________ top manager’s job in a company or other organisation
3 ________________ person who helps managers e.g. by preparing letters and other documents
4 ________________ area of an organisation’s activities that creates and uses systems to get work
done efficiently
5 ________________ A good ... is somebody who can make other people understand and get
interested in his / her ideas, plans, etc.
6 ________________ help
7 ________________ organise and control the activities of other people in, e.g., in a company
8 ________________ person or organisation that creates an advert and places it, e.g. in a
newspaper
9 ________________ the things you wear, e.g. jacket, shirt, trousers
10 ________________ area of an organisation’s activities that decides what needs to be done and
how it should be done
11 ________________ being full of energy and interest in favour of something
12 ________________ feeling that one immediately gets about a person or thing
13 ________________ person who is asked questions e.g. at a job interview
14 ________________ being the right or most sensible thing or action in a particular situation, e.g.
wearing a business suit to work in an office
administration advertiser appropriate assistance clothes communicator direct
director duties enthusiastic impression interviewee management secretary
5
administrative certificate degree elected full-time
part-time relevant representative secretarial
applicant career challenge curriculum vitae provides range response
4
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Formal letters
Put the material in the right order and use the sentence parts to write out a complete letterof application in business letter format.
GlobalCom (Palestine) * Ramallah * Ms J Ashour * PO Box 7854 * Human Resources Manager
Huda Hussein * Enc * H Hussein * Yours sincerely
Gaza * 152 Al Quds Road * PO Box 2359 * February 21, (+ year)
Application for the post of Secretary * Dear Ms Ashour
/ hope / application will receive / positive response / very much look forward / hearing from you /
due course
/ feel sure / have / skills and experience / need, and / believe / would be able / carry out / required
duties / job to a high standard
/ like / apply / post / Secretary, Office / Director (Ref: GCP298), which / advertised / Ramallah News
three days ago, / February 18 / attach / copy / CV, as required
6
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
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Prepositions
Jameela Ashour is discussing theGlobalCom advert with her assistant, OmarBader. Complete the conversation withappropriate prepositions from the box. (Youcan find a lot of them in the advert onStudent’s Book page 77.)
JA Let’s talk (1) ____________ our new advert.
OB What would you like to begin (2) _________ ?
JA I think we should say something
(3) ____________ GlobalCom – that we
build websites (4) ____________ business
customers all (5) ____________ the world.
OB And then should we provide a list
(6) ____________ the various jobs?
JA Yes, and I want to add two more jobs
(7) ____________ the list. First, we need a
new personal assistant (8) ____________ /
____________ the Director, and we also
need a secretary to help this new PA.
OB Then I suppose we need to give the
requirements (8) ____________ /
____________ each job below.
JA Yes, and I’ve already made some notes
(10) ____________ / ____________ some
(11) ____________ the duties and
responsibilities. Let’s start (12) ____________
the job (13) ____________ PA. This person
has to provide close support
(14) ____________ the Director and carry
out a wide range (51) ____________
secretarial and administrative tasks.
OB But she doesn’t have to do everything
(16) ____________ herself, does she?
JA No, no. Please add that she will have the
help (17) ____________ a full-time
secretary.
OB Right, and what qualifications are we
looking (18) ____________ ?
JA Well, she’ll certainly need a degree
(19) ____________ business administration.
about at by for in
of on over to with
1
Language OB And how many years (20) ____________
experience?
JA (21) ____________ least three, I think.
OB What about computer skills?
JA She’ll need experience (22) ____________ all
the important software. And it would
certainly help (23) ____________ her to
have an interest (24) ____________ website
design.
OB What (25) ____________ languages?
JA There’ll be a need (26) ____________ both
English and Arabic – spoken and written,
(27) ____________ course. And please add
a requirement that applicants should
apply (28) ____________ English as a first
test (29) ____________ their language
ability. And another point: it’s important
(30) ____________ the successful applicant
to be a good communicator.
Offers
Use the sentence parts to write thesecretary’s offers to people who are calling totalk to different managers.
1 I’m sorry, but there’s no answer.
you / me / would / like / a message / to take
______________________________________________
2 I’m afraid he’s with a customer at the moment.
like / to call / you / back / you / him / would
______________________________________________
3 I’m sorry, but she’s not at her desk.
her / a message / would / like / to leave /
you / her / for
______________________________________________
4 I’m afraid he’s in a meeting at the moment.
somebody else / instead / like / you / you /
to help / would
______________________________________________
5 I’m sorry, but she’s travelling on business
today.
you / me / mobile number / you / would /
to give / her / like
______________________________________________
2
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A note about Shakespeare and King Lear
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 inStratford-upon-Avon, England, and he becamethe most important of all English writers. As ayoung man, he moved to London, became anactor and later developed into England’s mostpopular writer of plays.
Shakespeare wrote King Lear around 1605,and most people think it is one of his greatestplays. The play is a story from ancient times,but the people of Shakespeare’s time understood very well the sufferings of Learand Gloucester at the hands of their own children. They were also worried about theviolence and social problems that can developwhen rulers and governments change. Theyhad just lived through such a change whenQueen Elizabeth died in 1603. She had no children of her own to be king or queen afterher, and this could have led to war.(Fortunately, though, Elizabeth had finallynamed her cousin’s son just as she was dying.This was King James of Scotland, who thenbecame ruler of both countries.)
Elizabethan England was a society that gaveevery person a clear place, high or low. Itrequired that people in lower positions shouldgive great respect to the rich and powerful,and also to parents and older people. Peoplewere shocked by the play King Lear because itshowed the king and others in high positionsbeing hurt by their children. It raised fears ofsocial destruction.
List of characters(1)
Lear, King of BritainLear is now an old man. He wants to leave thetroubles and pressures of being king, but hewants to be respected as if he was still king. Heexpects his daughters to be grateful to him forgiving them all his land and power and can’tunderstand why they treat him so badly. He isperhaps not a good king or a good man. Hegets angry very easily, and he makes a very stupid decision when he fails to take the goodadvice of the Earl(2) of Kent and Cordelia. Hismost serious mistake is to believe that love canbe bought. But by the end of the play he haslearned that love and justice are not found infine words and a show of power, but in actions.
CordeliaCordelia is the youngest of Lear’s threedaughters. She is intelligent, honest and kind.She understands at once the falseness and the
danger of her father’s plan to give awayeverything according to how much each ofhis daughters says she loves him. She refusesto play this game of competing with her sisters and saying she loves her father evenmore than they do. Instead, she tells the honest truth in simple words, and this makesher father angry with her. She is the onlydaughter who really loves him, however, andeven after his unkindness to her she comes torescue and look after him.
GonerilGoneril is Lear’s oldest daughter, and she ismarried to the Duke(3) of Albany. She is cruel,selfish and ambitious. She does not reallylove her father and cannot wait for him to diebefore getting her hands on his power. Sheworks with her sister Regan to destroy herfather’s life, in the end making him go mad.(4)
She prefers the evil Edmund to her own husband and turns against her sister whenshe sees her as a rival for Edmund’s love. Sheplans to kill her husband, and she poisons hersister before finally killing herself.
ReganRegan is even more cruel(5) than Goneril, sinceshe gets her husband the Duke of Cornwall totorture(6) and blind(7) the old Earl of Gloucesterand kills the servant(8) who tries to stop him.She tells Goneril’s servant Oswald to killGloucester. She understands and gets on wellenough with Goneril before they becomerivals for Edmund and therefore enemies.(9)
The Earl of KentThe Earl of Kent is King Lear’s greatest friendand adviser. Like Cordelia, he dislikes dishonesty and prefers to speak the honesttruth, even if it gets him into trouble; and likeher he remains true to Lear even after the oldKing has sent him away and talked aboutkilling him. However, like Lear, he gets angryeasily. Kent is such a friend to Lear that he feelshe cannot live long after the old King has died.
The Earl of GloucesterThe Earl of Gloucester is also an old man,with two grown-up sons. He gets on wellwith his legitimate(11) son Edgar, but he likeshis illegitimate son Edmund better. He is muchtoo quick to believe Edmund’s lies(12) about hisbrother. He wants to get on well with everyoneand tries to be a peacemaker between the Kingand his daughters – until he can no longeraccept their terrible treatment of Lear and
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decides it is time to do what is right. He is verybrave(13) when he is tortured.
EdmundEdumund is angry because his brother willreceive all his father’s money and powerwhile he himself will get nothing because his parents were not married. Edmund is cleverat making his father and brother feel what he wants them to feel. He is decisive, a goodleader of the army, brave in battle, and someone who does not mind danger.Unfortunately he is also secretive, selfish,(14)
cruel and does not care about anyone apartfrom himself – except for one time. Just beforehe dies, his brother forgives(15) him for the badthings he has done, and he in turn tries tosave the lives of Lear and Cordelia.
EdgarEdgar is in many ways rather similar to hisbrother Edmund. He too is quite secretive. Heenjoys acting the part of Tom the madman,and he is brave in battle, preventing his fatherfrom being killed by Oswald and finally fighting his brother man to man. What makeshim very different from Edmund is his feelings for others. He feels deeply sorry forthe King when he goes mad and for his
own father when he is blinded. He even feelssorry for Edmund when he is dying, and heforgives him.
The Duke of CornwallThe Duke of Cornwall matches his wife Reganclosely. He too is cruel and ambitious.(16)
The Duke of AlbanyThe Duke of Albany is basically a good manwho is married to a bad woman. He is weaker than his wife Goneril, who looksdown on him. But when he finds out how badshe really is, he is quick to say what he thinksof her, and is ready to act decisively.
The Fool(17)
Lear’s Fool is a strange person. He sees veryclearly how stupid Lear has been and tellshim so. He is intelligent in a strange way andfunny and rather sad. He stays with Learwhen he is mad and tries to make him feelhappier with his strange jokes. He clearlylikes the old King and calls him Nuncle(Uncle). He disappears from the play afterAct 3.(18) We do not really know what happensto him, except for what Lear says in the finalscene,(19) ‘My poor fool is hanged’.(20)
Glossary
1 character here, a person in a play (= drama)
2 earl a man with great power and a veryhigh place in English society
3 duke a man with great power and a veryhigh place in English society
4 mad ill in the mind, stupid, crazy
5 cruel causing pain or unhappiness toothers, the opposite of kind
6 torture hurt someone in a very cruel way,often to get information
7 blind damage or take out someone’s eyesso that they cannot see
8 servant someone who has the job ofworking for others
9 enemy someone who is against others andtries to hurt or kill them
10 legitimate correct according to the law;here a child with parents who are married
11 lie a statement that is not true and that thespeaker or writer knows is untrue
12 brave able to deal with danger, trouble orpain without being afraid
13 selfish thinking only about oneself and notcaring about others
14 forgive decide to stop being angry withsomeone who has done something bad
16 ambitious wanting very much to becomesuccessful, rich or famous
17 fool (1) a king’s personal entertainer (2) person who does not behave sensibly
18 act here, a large section of a play, e.g. The
play consists of five acts.
19 scene here, a smaller part of a play, e.g. Act 1
consists of four scenes.
20 hang here, kill by hanging someone with arope around the neck
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King Lear
ACT 1
A long time ago, Lear was King of Britain. Hehad three daughters. The oldest daughter,Goneril, was married to the Duke of Albany.His middle daughter, Regan, was the wife ofthe Duke of Cornwall. The King of France andthe Duke of Burgundy both wanted to marryhis youngest daughter, Cordelia.
King Lear was old and tired, and he decidedto give the country to his three daughters.They and their husbands would rule insteadof him, while he, with one hundred knights toprotect him, would stay with each daughter inturn for a month. In order to decide how toshare the country between his daughters heasked them to say how much they loved him.
Goneril, the oldest, said that she loved herfather very much. She made a long list ofthings of great value and said that she lovedher father more than any of them and as muchas life itself. The King was very pleased withher answer, and he gave her and her husbandone third of the land. Regan said that sheloved her father even more than her sister did.The King was very pleased again, and he gaveher and her husband another third of the land.
Cordelia, King Lear’s youngest daughter,was his favourite. He was sure that Cordeliawould say that she loved him even more thanthe other two. But Cordelia did not want tocompete with her sisters in boasting(1) abouther love for her father. She knew that they didnot love their father as much as they said.When her turn came, she said, ‘I love you as
much as a daughter should love her father, nomore and no less.’ Lear was shocked.(2) He toldher to think again, and give him a betteranswer. Cordelia said that it was right for achild to return the love its parent had given it.
King Lear was even more shocked and gotvery angry. He said that Cordelia was nolonger his daughter, and gave her share of thecountry to Goneril and Regan. It was now theturn of everyone else to be shocked. The King’sadvisers all thought that he was wrong but theEarl of Kent was the only one who was braveenough to say anything. He reminded the Kingthat Cordelia was his favourite daughter andthat she loved him very much. He asked theKing to think again, and to act more sensibly.But the King just got even angrier, and he sentKent away. Lear then asked the King of Franceand the Duke of Burgundy if they still wantedto marry Cordelia, now that she had nothingapart from the clothes she was wearing.Burgundy said no; but the King of Franceloved her for telling the truth and did not careabout land or money. Cordelia said goodbye toher sisters, asking them to look after theirfather well, and then she left with the King ofFrance. Her sisters warned each other thatLear’s cruel treatment of Cordelia meant thatthere was something wrong with his mind andthat in future he might also turn against them.
Meanwhile, the Earl of Gloucester’s illegitimate son Edmund was planning to takehis legitimate brother’s place. He showed his
A/W 8.1King Lear on his throne in his ancient palace, half-rising from the throne
and pointing angrily to banish the shocked Cordelia who has just spoken. Goneril and Regan both looking sneaky and pleased. King of France and
other baron types in a half-circle all around and all looking shocked.
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father a letter which he said had been writtenby Edgar. The letter asked him to help Edgarkill their father for a share of everything theold man had. Gloucester believed this.Edmund then told Edgar that their father wasvery angry with him and advised him to hidefrom the old man.
After Lear and his hundred knights(3) hadstayed with Goneril for two weeks, thingsstarted to go wrong. Goneril told her servantsto be rude and to quarrel(4) with Lear’s men.Although Lear had sent him away, the Earl ofKent returned. He disguised(5) himself as a
poor man, and he became Lear’s servant. Hehit Goneril’s servant Oswald for speaking disrespectfully to Lear, and then Lear’s Fooljoked that Lear himself had become the Foolbecause he had given away all his power to hisdaughters. Goneril was unkind to Lear aboutthe behaviour of his men. And now Learcursed(6) Goneril, wishing that if she had achild, that it would torment(7) her.
Lear was even more angry when he foundthat Goneril had got rid of fifty of his men. Hewas so upset by Goneril’s behaviour that hewas afraid he would go mad.
Glossary
1 boast say that what you have or do is better
than what others have or do
2 shocked be suddenly and unpleasantly
surprised
3 knight in the past, a soldier from a high
social class who fought on a horse
4 quarrel have a bad argument, fight with
words
5 disguise change clothes, etc, to look like
someone else
6 curse ask the gods to hurt or destroy
someone
7 torment cause terrible pain
Reading for pleasure
Read the passage and choose the bestsummary.
1 The first part of King Lear describes how
Lear shares the country between his three
daughters. Goneril and Regan both
describe how much they love their father,
and he gives each of them a third of his
land. Cordelia is more honest and tells
him she loves him as her father, no
more and no less.
2 In the first part of King Lear, Goneril and
Regan are interested in taking power from
their father and ruling the country. They say
that the old King is a great leader. Their
younger sister wants nothing to do with this
plan, and simply tells the old man that she
loves him because he is her father.
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Answer the questions.
1 Why does Lear ask how much his daughters
love him?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 How is Cordelia’s answer different from the
answers her sisters give?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 What does Lear do as a result of this answer,
and why is this so shocking?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 How does Edmund turn his father against his
half-brother Edgar, and why?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 By the end of Act 1, what does Lear realise
about Goneril?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2
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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 1 Scene 1: King Lear’s palace
Lear: Know that I have divided my country into three parts. I wish to spend my old age inpeace, and I want to leave the hard work of government to those who are young and strong,my daughters and their husbands. I am now going to say publicly what each of my daughterswill get from me, so as to avoid disagreements when I am gone. Now tell me, my daughters,which of you loves me the best, so that I can best reward her. Goneril, my eldest daughter,speak first.
Goneril: Sir, I love you more than words can say; better than eyesight, freedom, better thanall my riches; as much as life itself, as much as my health, my beauty, my honour; as much asany child ever loved its father; much more than all these things I love you.
Cordelia: [To herself] What can I say? Nothing – I will love in silence.Lear: [Showing the map] I make you the Lady of all this land, from here to here. You and your
children will rule this land forever. Now, our second daughter, Regan, speak up.Regan: I am just like my sister, so you should value me the same. She has said exactly what I
feel, except that I love you even more. I am only happy when I am with you, and I carenothing for any other things.
Lear: To you and your children for ever I give this other third of our country, no less than theone I gave to Goneril. Now, my dearest child, my youngest daughter, what do you have tosay to win a richer prize than your sisters?
Cordelia: Nothing, my lord.Lear: Nothing will come of nothing. Speak again.Cordelia: I cannot put my heart into my mouth. I love you, your Majesty, as much as a
daughter should love her father, no more, no less.Lear: What, Cordelia? Mend your speech a little, or it will damage your future.Cordelia: My dear lord, you are my father, you brought me up, you loved me. It is right that
in return for this I should obey you, love you, and honour you; and I do. Why have mysisters married, if they love you best? When I marry, my husband will have half my love.
Lear: Do you mean this?Cordelia: Yes, my lord.Lear: So young, and so uncaring.Cordelia: So young, my lord, and truthful.Lear: Fine, then keep your truth and nothing else. I am no longer your father, and from this
day you are a stranger to my heart and to me. I will be kinder to a man that eats his ownchildren than I will to you.
Kent: My lord king –Lear: Quiet, Kent. Do not come between me and my anger. I loved her the most, and thought
she would be kind to me in my old age. Call France, and Burgundy! Do it! Cornwall andAlbany, you can divide Cordelia’s third between you. I will keep for myself one hundredknights, and stay with each of you in turn one month, at your expense. I shall keep the nameof King, and the honour due to a king.
Kent: Lord king, I have always loved and honoured you, but you really don’t want to do this.Lear: You are making me angry.Kent: Let your anger fall on me, but I must speak! What are you doing, old man? Giving away
your country and your power to whoever flatters you the most? Stop this madness now, keepyour country. I know that Cordelia does not love you less than the others.
Lear: Silence, Kent, if you value your life!Kent: I’m not afraid to die in serving you.
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Lear: Out of my sight! [Lays his hand on his sword]Kent: I say that what you are doing is wrong.Lear: Hear me now, you foolish man. You have tried to make me break my word, a thing I
have never done. You have five days to get out of my country. After that, if you are foundhere, you will be killed.
Kent: Goodbye, king. May the gods protect you, Cordelia. As for you [to Regan and Goneril] Ihope your actions prove your speeches true. [He leaves]
[Enter France and Burgundy]Lear: My Lord Burgundy, you and this king both wanted my daughter’s love. I was going to
give her a third of my land, but now her price has fallen. There she stands, and the onlything she brings with her is my dislike. If you want her, she’s yours.
Burgundy: I don’t know what to say.Lear: Will you take her, with all her faults, with no friends, with a father who hates her, has
cursed her, and is now a stranger to her, or will you leave her?Burgundy: Forgive me, royal sir. I cannot choose her under these conditions.Lear: Leave her then. [To France] As for you, great King, I would not want you to marry
someone I hate, and therefore I ask you to set your love on a better person than her.France: This is very strange, that you should so suddenly hate the person who was your best,
your dearest, your favourite daughter. What terrible crime could she have committed tocause such anger?
Cordelia: Please your Majesty, tell people the true reason that you have stopped loving me.Make it clear that it is not for some horrible crime like murder, or some dishonour, butbecause I refused to flatter you.
France: Is that all? Beautiful Cordelia, to me you are still rich and desirable, because you tellthe truth. I will marry you and make you the Queen of France.
Lear: She is yours, France. She is no daughter of mine, and I will never see her face again. Youleave without my love, and without my blessing. [He leaves]
France: Say goodbye to your sisters.Cordelia: Sisters, our father loves you. I know what you truly are, but I don’t want to say it
out loud. Love our father and look after him. I leave him in your care; I only wish I couldleave him in a better place.
Regan: Don’t tell us what we should do.Goneril: Yes, you should work hard to make your husband happy, as he’s been so kind as to
take you when you have nothing, and leave us alone.Cordelia: Bad people are always found out in time.France: Come, Cordelia. [They leave]Goneril: Sister, I have a lot to say to you. I think our father will leave tonight.Regan: Yes, he’s going to you first, then next month to us.Goneril: I have been watching him closely, and you see how he changes his mind all the time
now that he is old. He always loved Cordelia the most, and then he does this to her. It showshis bad judgement.
Regan: It’s his age that makes him so changeable.Goneril: He has always acted without thinking carefully, and now that he is old this fault will
grow worse.Regan: We will see more sudden acts like sending Kent away.Goneril: We must talk more about this. If he continues to have power and to be so angry and
unpredictable, he may turn against us. We have to stop him, as soon as possible.
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Punctuation
Rewrite the following. Put in capitalletters (13), full stops (3), commas (4),apostrophes (2) and hyphens (...-...) (2).
since then it has always been a city thatwelcomes different cultures and lifestyles and ithas for example large chinese and arabamerican communities beautiful san franciscois also near silicon valley which is the heart ofamericas computer industry san francisco istherefore one of americas top career as well astourist destinations
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 87.
Word families: nouns and adjectives
Add words from the text on Student’sBook page 87 to complete the word families.
Noun Adjective
Section 1 (Introduction)
1 difference _______________
2 _______________ cultural
3 _______________ industrial
Section 2 (Fact file)
4 combination _______________
5 _______________ dangerous
3
2
1
Reading and development Section 4 (US entry requirements: study visas)
6 medicine _______________
7 specialist _______________
Complete the following with pairs ofwords from Exercise 3.
1 Ali has always wanted to study _______________ ,
and now he’s just started at _______________
school this year.
2 Can you taste the _______________ between
them? / No, to me they don’t taste any
_______________ .
3 Dr Mansour is a _______________ in Islamic
design, and he says that these old tiles are
very _______________ .
4 Egypt had one of the great _______________ of
the Ancient World. This new _______________
history, Land of the Pharaohs, shows how
great it was.
5 After the earthquake, a lot of buildings were
in a _______________ condition. There was a
real _______________ that they would collapse.
Word families: verbs and nouns
Add words from the text on Student’sBook page 87 to complete the word families.
Verb Noun
1 discover _____________
2 tour _____________
3 enter _____________
4 require _____________
5 study _____________ / _____________
6 immigrate _____________
7 apply _____________ / _____________
8 _____________ traveller
9 photograph ____________ / photography
10 visit _____________ / _____________
5
4
Palestinians around theworldUnit 9
58
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59
Complete the following with pairs ofwords from Exercise 5.
1 What qualifications do they _______________ ?
/ The main _______________ is a good tawjihe
result.
2 The US is a nation of _______________ , and
people are still _______________ and settling in
America in large numbers.
6 3 Have you _______________ for the job yet? /
Yes, I sent my _______________ yesterday.
4 If you are a college _______________ and you
want to _______________ in America, you need
a special visa.
5 The scientists have _______________ a huge
ancient city deep in the South American
forest. This is a very important _______________ .
Vocabulary: book publications
Complete the network with words from the box that you know.
_______________ _______________ _______________
(book for book for memories of school studies) tourists one’s life
_______________ BOOK _______________
(drama)PUBLICATIONS
(long story)
_______________ _______________ _______________
(study of a (information about (meaningsparticular issue) the whole world) of words)
dictionary encyclopedia guidebook memoir novel play report textbook
7
Complete the following with words from Exercise 7.
1 At the beginning of the school year, we all get new _______________ .
2 If you don’t know a word, look it up in the _______________ .
3 When you visit Jerusalem, you really need a good _______________ .
4 The UN has produced a good _______________ on disease control.
5 Last year we read the _______________ Silas Marner, and this year we are studying Shakespeare’s
play King Lear.
Vocabulary: geographical features
Complete the description with words from the box.
The Bay Area is a large (1) ____________ community that (2) ____________ San Francisco (3) ____________ .
(4) ____________ , there is Silicon Valley, the famous home of the American IT industry. The sea is part
of life here, and there are various (5) ____________ , which many ships and fishing boats use. Over the
years, San Francisco was the point of (6) ____________ for many immigrants arriving by sea from Asia.
This explains why even today there is a large (7) ____________ Chinese community of around 150,000.
Bay entry ethnic Nearby ports surrounds urban
9
8
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Vocabulary: travel to America
Complete the conversation with words from the box.
A Are you applying for an ordinary tourist (1) ____________ , or one for academic or vocational
(2) ____________ ?
B One that allows me to study English in America.
A Well, that’s no problem. You’ll just need to complete the right forms, pay the (3) ____________ of
$45.00, show that you have a (4) ____________ passport and also provide (5) ____________ that you
have enough money to live in America for the time that you want to stay.
Vocabulary: a park
Complete the description with words from the box.
What is now Golden Gate Park used to be a large area of (1) ____________ to the west of San Francisco.
Today, it is a beautiful, (2) ____________ park where you can do all kinds of energetic (3) ____________
activities or, on the other hand, just (4) ____________ . You can go to the various (5) ____________
____________ and play football, basketball and many other sports, or you can just walk quietly through
large flower gardens.
outdoor peaceful relax sand visa sports grounds
11
fee proof studies valid visa
10
be and have
Use the sentence parts to make threestatements.
1 the River Nile / almost 6,700 kilometres /
(length / long)
a __________________________________________
__________________________________________
b __________________________________________
__________________________________________
c __________________________________________
__________________________________________
2 the Atlantic Ocean / approximately 5,000
kilometres / (width / wide)
a __________________________________________
__________________________________________
b __________________________________________
__________________________________________
1
Language c __________________________________________
__________________________________________
3 the Atlantic / roughly three kilometres /
(depth / deep)
a __________________________________________
__________________________________________
b __________________________________________
__________________________________________
c __________________________________________
__________________________________________
4 Mount Everest / nearly 9,000 metres / (height
/ high)
a __________________________________________
__________________________________________
b __________________________________________
__________________________________________
c __________________________________________
__________________________________________
The River Nile has a length of almost
6,700 kilometres.
The length of the River Nile is almost
6,700 kilometres..
The River Nile is almost 6,700
kilometres long.
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Defining relative clauses
Think back to Units 1 and 2 and match a-fto 1–6. Join them with relative pronouns who orwhich and write them out as single sentences.
1 Oil, coal and gas are all fossil fuels.
2 Yassir Farra is an oil worker.
3 Michelle Carr is a Canadian geologist.
4 New York was the place.
5 The newest record holder is a thin, silver-
blue building.
6 There would be hundreds of lifts for the people.
a It became the first city of skyscrapers.
b They may one day live in ‘the city in the sky’.
c He comes from Palestine and works in Saudi
Arabia.
d They were formed millions of years ago.
e It stands high above the city of Dubai.
f She works in the North Sea to the east of
Britain.
1 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Reduced relative clauses
Think back to Unit 3. Cross out relativepronouns where it is possible to leave them out.
1 Rainwater is one of the things that Fadi and
Huda save or recycle.
2 The Gaza City leaflet is about things that
people can do to save water.
3 The Oxford City Council leaflet is the one
which is about recycling rubbish.
3
2
4 It talks about people who are doing various
things to reduce, repair and recycle.
Think back to Unit 4. Cross outunnecessary words in each sentence and writeit out with reduced relative clauses.
1 The Aswan High Dam it is the name of the
dam which the government completed it in
1970.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 The smaller dam at Aswan it is the one that
the government had constructed it 70 years
earlier.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 The High Dam it was the first project which
Mousa Barakat worked on it after he
graduated from Alexandria University.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 Egyptian farmers they were the people who
the dam most clearly helped them.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Non-defining relative clauses
Think back to Unit 5. Add the secondsentence to the first as a non-defining relativeclause. Put in the necessary commas, and adda relative pronoun.
1 Banks usually have special offers for
students. They all want to attract young
people as new customers.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 When you check the various offers, ask
yourself whether they are really useful or
not. You ought to make time to do this.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5
4
The Aswan High Dam is the name of
the dam
Banks, which all want to attract young
people as customers, usually have special
offers for students.
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3 Be careful when you choose your future
bank. It should have a branch near where
you are going to live.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 When you open an account, you will be
given a chequebook and a debit card. You
should do this before you leave home.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 You can use your card to get money from
cash machines. These are called ATMs in
American English.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 If you have financial problems, you can talk to
your bank about a loan. A lot of students do.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
7
1
1
4
4
2
2
5
8
6
3
3
Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Find words fromStudent’s Book pages 86–91.
Across
1 a place that you travel to
2 Cousins, uncles, aunts and grandparents are
all ... .
3 Before you enter the country, you have to
meet several ... requirements.
4 Three-two-two-four-five: that’s three-...-two-
four-five.
5 Omar has moved to a new apartment, but he
doesn’t have a new ... number. He just uses
his mobile.
6
6 a large area of water which has land part of
the way around it
7 Look at the date on your passport. It runs out
next month, and it won’t be ... after that.
8 It’s a good place to live. The school and the
shops are quite ... .
Down
1 go all the way round
2 San Francisco has a lot of ... communities, but
the largest is the Chinese-American one.
3 Three-two-two-two-four-five: that’s three-...-
two-four-five.
4 We added some cold water to ... the
temperature.
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King Lear
ACT 2
Edmund told his brother Edgar to run awaybecause someone had told their father wherehe was hiding, and that he would be killed.Edgar believed this and ran. He planned tohide from his father’s men by pretending to bea mad, homeless person. Meanwhile, Edmundcut his arm with his sword.(1) Then he told hisfather that Edgar had done this because he,Edmund, had refused(2) to help Edgar kill theold man. Gloucester was very angry, but alsovery sad: ‘O madam, my old heart is cracked,it’s cracked!’ he told Regan. Regan blamed(3)
Edgar’s (apparent) evil(4) plan to kill his ownfather on the terrible influence(5) of Lear andhis knights.
Lear asked Kent to take a letter to hisdaughter Regan. The letter told Regan to getready because he was coming to stay at herhouse with all his knights. But Goneril alsosent a letter to Regan. She complained abouttheir father and warned her sister that his menwere noisy and expensive.
The two messengers(6) arrived at the sametime, and they argued with each other. Kenthit Goneril’s messenger Oswald and he fell tothe ground. Regan and her husband the Dukeof Cornwall ordered their men to make Kent a prisoner, even though it was extremely disrespectful to do this to the King’s messenger.When the King arrived, the first thing he sawwas his servant Kent as a prisoner. He couldnot believe that anyone would dare(7) to do thisto his messenger. He demanded(8) to see his
daughter and her husband, but he was toldthey were too tired to see him. Then he sawthat Goneril was already there. She had cometo tell her sister not to look after Lear.
Regan later told the King to go home withGoneril. She told him to send away fifty of hismen and ask Goneril to forgive him for beingangry and thinking too much of himself.
The King reminded Regan that he had givenher half of all his land, and asked her to let himstay, with all his men. Regan said that evenfifty men were too many. She would acceptonly twenty-five. So Lear said that he wouldgo back with Goneril. He said that she mustlove him twice as much as Regan because shewould allow him fifty knights instead of twenty-five. Then the sisters said that really he didn’t need ten, or five, or even one of hisown men.
The King now realised that giving awayeverything had been a terrible mistake. Hehad lost all his power, and his two olderdaughters felt no love or kindness for him. Itwas night time and a terrible storm was justbeginning. Goneril and Regan offered shelter(9)
to Lear, but not to any of his men. He felt hecould not stay with either daughter, so hewent out into the storm, alone except for Kentand his old Fool.
The old Earl of Gloucester felt sorry for Lear,but Goneril and Regan only said that if theirfather was suffering, he himself was the one to blame.
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Glossary
1 sword a weapon that is held in the hand and
is used for cutting and killing
2 refuse say that you will not do or accept
something
3 blame say or think that someone or
something is the cause of a problem,
accident or bad situation
4 evil very bad
5 influence power to persuade and affect the
behaviour of others
6 messenger someone who carries messages
or letters to people
7 dare be brave or mad enough to do
something even though it is very dangerous
or may cause trouble
8 demand say strongly and clearly that you
want something
9 shelter something that protects you from
bad weather or other kinds of danger
Reading for pleasure
Decide which words you can use todescribe (a) Lear and (b) Goneril and Regan.
a Lear: _________________________________________
______________________________________________
b Goneril and Reagan: _________________________
______________________________________________
angry badly advised cruel dishonest
mistaken sad selfish shocked
shocking suffering ungrateful wrong
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Tick (4) the correct answer:
1 Edmund cuts his arm because
a he wants his father to feel sorry
for him.
b he does not want to do any
work that day.
c he thinks it will make others
think he is a great fighter.
d he wants his father to believe
that Edgar has tried to kill him.
2 Lear leaves Goneril and goes to see
Regan because
a he likes Regan’s husband
better than Goneril’s.
b Goneril has run out of food in her
castle and cannot feed his men.
c he is angry with Goneril for
sending away fifty of his men.
d he is worried that Goneril wants
to kill him.
Complete the sentences.
1 Lear says that Goneril must love him twice as
much as Regan because ____________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Regan and her husband order Kent to be
made a prisoner because ___________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Lear realises that giving away his kingdom
has been a mistake because ________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 The Earl of Gloucester feels sorry for King
Lear because ________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
2
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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 2 Scene 4: In front of the Earl of Gloucester’s castle
Lear: How strange that they should leave their home, and not send back my messenger.Kent: Good morning, my lord.Lear: Why are you tied up? Who has dared to do this to you?Kent: It was your son and daughter.Lear: No.Kent: Yes.Lear: No, they would not.Kent: Yes, they have.Lear: They dare not do it; they could not, would not, do it. It’s worse than murder, to treat my
messenger so badly. Oh, I can hardly speak – I feel pain round my heart – keep down,sorrow! Where is my daughter?
Kent: With the Earl of Gloucester, sir, inside.Lear: Stay here. Don’t follow me. [Goes in … comes back with Gloucester] They refuse to see me?
They are sick, they are tired, they have travelled all night? These are just excuses. Gloucester,I want to speak with the Duke of Cornwall and his wife.
Gloucester: Well, my lord, I have informed them so.Lear: Informed them? Do you understand me, man? The King wants to speak with Cornwall.
The father wishes to speak with his daughter. Are they informed of this? Go and tell the Dukeand his wife that I will speak with them! Now, at once! Oh, my heart, my rising heart! [EnterCornwall, Regan, servants] Good morning to you both. [Kent is set free]
Regan: I am glad to see your Majesty.Lear: Regan, I think you are. You should be glad to see me. If you were not, you would not be
my true daughter. My dear Regan, your sister has been so unkind, it’s like a sword in myheart. I can hardly speak – you will not believe what she – oh, Regan!
Regan: Please, sir, be patient. I’m sure you are wrong about her. She would never treat youbadly. You can’t blame her for trying to stop the bad behaviour of your men.
Lear: My curses on her!Regan: Sir, you are old, and near the end of your life. You should be guided by someone who
understands your condition better than you do. I ask you to return to my sister and admityou have wronged her.
Lear: Ask her to forgive me? Listen to what you are asking me to say: ‘Dear daughter, I admitthat I am old. Age is unnecessary. [Kneels] On my knees I ask that you will give me clothes,food, and a bed.’
Regan: Good sir, don’t do this. Go back to my sister.Lear: [Getting up] Never, Regan. She sent away half my men, she was cruel and ungrateful to
me. I hope heaven destroys her!Cornwall: Don’t say that, sir!Lear: I hope she is blinded, I hope she falls ill and loses all her beauty!Regan: Oh, Sir! You will wish the same on me when you’re in a bad mood.Lear: No, Regan, I will never curse you. You are kind-hearted, not unkind like her. You have
not forgotten to be grateful for the half of my land that I gave you. [Enter Goneril] Who isthis? Oh, heavens, help me against her. [To Goneril] How can you look at my face? Oh, Regan,will you take her by the hand?
Goneril: Why shouldn’t she take my hand? What have I done? Nothing that any personwould call wrong.
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Lear: Oh, my heart will break out of my body! How is it that my man was tied?Regan: Father, please try to behave sensibly. Return and stay with my sister for the rest of the
month, send away half your men, and then come to me. Lear: Return to her, and fifty men sent away? I’d rather live in the open air with animals and
birds as my companions, and go hungry and cold. Return with her? I would rather be theservant of this hateful servant [Pointing at Oswald].
Goneril: It’s your choice.Lear: I will not trouble you, my child – goodbye! I can be patient, I can stay with Regan, I and
my hundred knights.Regan: No, you can’t! I’m not ready for you, I’m not in my own house now and I can’t feed
and keep all those men. Please go with my sister. Fifty followers is a lot, why should youneed more than that? Why should you need so many?
Goneril: Why can’t you be looked after by her servants, or mine?Regan: Yes, why not? If they treated you badly, we would punish them. Really, if you come to
me, bring only twenty five men. I have no room for more.Lear: I gave you everything. Our agreement was that I should keep a hundred knights. And
now I must make do with twenty five? [To Goneril] She is worse than you. I’ll go with you.Your fifty is double twenty five, so you must love me twice as much as she does.
Goneril: Why do you need twenty five? Or ten? Or five?Regan: Why do you need one?Lear: It’s not a question of need! Heaven, give me patience! You see me here, you gods, a poor
old man, full of misery. If it is you that is making my daughters hate me, at least let me bearit like a man, with anger, and not like a woman, with tears in my eyes. No, you unnaturalwomen! I will take such revenge on both of you that the whole world shall – I will do suchthings – I don’t know what, but they will be the terrors of the earth. You think I’ll cry. No, I’llnot cry. I have good reason to cry, but my heart shall break into a hundred thousand piecesbefore I’ll cry. O Fool, I shall go mad! [Lear, Gloucester, Kent, and Fool leave; the storm begins]
Cornwall: Let’s go in, the storm’s coming.Regan: This is a small house, there’s no room for the old man and his people.Goneril: It’s his own fault – don’t worry about him.Regan: I will happily shelter him here, but not one follower.Goneril: I agree. Where is Gloucester?Gloucester: Oh dear, it’s almost night, this storm is terrible, and there’s no shelter for many
miles around.Regan: Sir, he wants his own way, and if he suffers, no-one is to blame but himself. Shut your
doors.Cornwall: Yes, shut your doors, it’s a wild night. Come in out of the storm.
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Formal letters
Write the letter from Sami to Miss Fullerton which she answers on Student’s Book page 97.Do the following.
1 Write in formal style.
2 Get address details from Student’s Book page 97. Use this date: May 3 (+ year)
3 Start with an appropriate greeting.
4 Write the body of the letter like this.
Paragraph 1 – One sentence is enough. Start like this.
I am writing with reference to my application of (date) to join ...Paragraph 2 – Start like this:
I am pleased to say that I have now received ... Say when you expect to arrive.
Paragraph 3 – One sentence is enough. Start like this.
I very much look forward to ...
5 End the letter appropriately.
1
Reading and development
Why do people behavelike that?Unit 10
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
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Vocabulary: cultural differences
Complete the explanation with wordsfrom the box.
When we travel in another country and culture,
it can be very important to know something
about (1) _______________ _______________
differences in order to avoid mistakes or
(2) _______________ that can be (3) _______________
and may even cause anger.
Let’s start with ways of saying hello.
(4) _______________ are very different in different
cultures. In one culture, it is correct to hake
hands (5) _______________ and lightly. In another,
it is important for people to shake hands for
longer and more (6) _______________ to show
that they are friendly and (7) _______________ .
Again, in some cultures it is normal for men –
but not men and women – to kiss each other
on the (8) _______________ , while in others the
opposite is true.
Another clear difference is the distance people
keep between them when they are talking. In
some cultures, people stand very close, while
in others people do not feel comfortable unless
they are much farther (9) _______________ : they
require a (10) _______________ _______________ of
50–60 centimetres.
Visitors to another culture should always find
out how services are paid for. In many countries
it is normal to (11) _______________ at a rate of
around 10% in taxis and at restaurants.
However, more may be expected in some
cultures while in Japan people are completely
(12) _______________ in this sort of payment. It is
not expected and not wanted.
From all this we can see that ideas of
(13) _______________ and the (14) _______________
of different forms of behaviour vary a lot
around the world. These points help to
emphasise the (15) _______________ of
(16) _______________ differences before we move
away from home to visit or live in a different
culture from our own.
acceptability apart briefly cheek
comfort zone cross-cultural cultural
embarrassing firmly greetings
importance misunderstandings
politeness sincere tip uninterested
2
Vocabulary: visiting Palestine andPalestinians
Complete the explanation with wordsfrom the box.
Palestine lies at a cultural cross-roads between
Africa, Europe and Asia and, because of this,
many civilisations have left their (1) ____________
here. You can see this clearly in the
(2) ____________ of ancient remains everywhere.
Equally, you can see it in the variety of arts,
crafts, customs and (3) ____________ that
together form the Palestinian cultural
(4) ____________ .
As for the Palestinians themselves, they are
(5) ____________ people who enjoy making and
being with friends. They are also extremely
(6) ____________ ____________ with a strong
interest in their children and relatives. As
a visitor, you will find that they are very
(7) ____________ and will give you a good
welcome to their country. If they invite you as
a (8) ____________ to their homes, they will want
you to feel (9) ____________ and at home with
them and their families.
Connectors
Choose the appropriate connectors inbrackets to complete the short essay.
English: a world language
(1) ____________ (Although / Because) we often
hear the terms ‘British English’ and ‘American
English’, the language has (2) ____________ (in
fact / because of this) become something much
bigger – a world language. (3) ____________ (In
other words, / By contrast,) huge numbers of
people use the language to communicate with
each other (4) ____________ (as / even though) it
is not their own first language. (5) ____________
(Therefore, / For example,) it is used in all
communications in international air
(6) ____________ (and / or) sea transport all over
the world. (7) ____________ (Moreover, /
However,) English has become the most
common language of international business.
When, say, a Japanese and a German want to
4
family oriented guest heritage
hospitable mark relaxed sociable
traditions wealth
3
68
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discuss a business deal, they are likely to do so
in this language. (8) ____________ (Again, / On the
other hand,) around 70% of all websites on the
internet are in English.
(9) ____________ (In spite of / As a result of ) all
these developments, English does not now
really belong just to the people who use it as
their first language. (10) ____________ (While /
Due to the fact that) there are around 500
million of these first-language users, there are
(11) ____________ (also / either) at least another
billion people who use English some of the
time – often in their work. (12) ____________ (As /
Though) this number continues to grow, the
time will come when a third of the world’s
population uses the language.
(13) ____________ (Because of / Despite) the wide
range of different users and uses, many
different sorts of English are developing around
the world today. This means that it can
sometimes be a little difficult at first for people
from different parts of the world to understand
each others’ forms of English. (14) ____________
(However, / Therefore,) this language is now a
vital tool of international communication.
Articles: a(n), the and zero article
Sami is reading about Boston, the capitalof the State of Massachusetts. Add a(n), the orzero article.
Massachusetts: With (1) _______ population of
about 6,400,000 and (2) _______ area of 21,455
sq km, it has (3) _______ third most dense
population of any of (4) _______ America’s 50
states. It is located in (5) _______ north-east of
(6) _______ United States in (7) _______ region
that is called (8) _______ New England. Founded
in 1629, it is (9) _______ part of (10) _______
country with (11) _______ very long history. It is
one of (12) _______ oldest thirteen states, and
(13) _______ War of Independence against
(14) _______ Britain began at (15) _______ small
town (Lexington) near (16) _______ state capital,
Boston, in 1775.
In addition to (17) _______ tourism, other important
industries are (18) _______ electronics, (19)
_______ book publishing and (20) _______ farming.
1
Language
Comparison
Use the information in Tables 1 and 2 tocompare Boston and San Francisco. Use thesentence starters, the words in brackets andthe words in the box.
Paragraph 1: History and population growth
(city) (be founded) (year) – / early / (city), which /
In 1850, (city) (be) / big / (city), it (have) a
population of /
Since then however, (city) (grow) / fast / (city)
And so, today, (city) (have) / large population /
(city), and it now (have) a population of / This is
despite the fact that the area of (city) (be) only /
large / (city)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Geographical location and climate
(city) (be located) / far north / (city)
It is therefore not surprising that (city) (be) /
cold / (city) in winter.
Boston San Francisco
Location 42.22° 37.47°
Average January –2°C 9°C
temperatures July 23°C 17°C
annual 11°C 14°C
Average annual rainfall 1,091mm 494mm
Boston San Francisco
Founded 1630 1776
Population: 1850 136,881 34,776
Today 589,141 801,377
Area 48.6 sq m 46.7 sq m
a little quite a lot much far
2
Boston was founded in 1630 – much earlier
than San Francisco, which
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However, in summer, (city) (be) / actually warm /
(city)
On average over the whole year, though, (city)
(be) / cool / (city)
As for average annual rainfall, (city) (be) / wet /
(city)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Write a further paragraph ofcomparison. Use some of the adjectives in thebox.
Start like this. Continue with a contrast (On the
other hand, ...), and finish with your choice (If I
had to choose between living in (name) or
(name), I would probably prefer (name), mainly
because ...)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
beautiful comfortable enjoyable
exciting exhausting interesting
lively pleasant relaxed
3
70
From what I know about these two cities, I
think life in (name) is probably more
Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Find words fromStudent’s Book pages 96–101.
Across
1 side of the face
2 not stressed
3 seeming to be honestly friendly, but not
4 His handshake was very ...
5 Let’s ... at the cafeteria at 7.30.
Down
1 When people make ... mistakes, they often go
red in the face.
2 We’re all well and in good ..., thanks.
3 a large amount of something that is useful or
exciting; also a large amount of money
and/or other things of value
4 lasting for only a short time
5 somebody who has been invited to another
person’s home or party
4
4 5
3
4
2
2
1
3
5
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King Lear
ACT 3
Kent found out that the King of France hadcome to England with an army, and withCordelia. Kent sent Cordelia a letter to explainwhat had happened. Then he went looking forLear. Meanwhile, Lear’s sorrow and anger hadbecome too great for him to bear(1) and he wentmad. He shouted at the storm to do its worst:‘Blow winds and crack your cheeks!’
Kent persuaded Lear to take shelter in asmall, dirty hut.(2) For the first time, Lear beganto feel sorry for people other than himself as hethought about those who had no homes andonly old, thin clothes to wear. Inside the hutthey found Edgar, who was disguised as a beggar(3) called ‘poor Tom’. He was pretendingto be mad, and he had no clothes, covering himself just with a blanket.(4) Lear was sure thatpoor Tom had gone mad because he had giveneverything to his daughters – just like himself.
Meanwhile, Gloucester told Edmund thatAlbany and Cornwall were quarrelling witheach other, and that he had received a letterwhich told him about the King of France’splan to rescue Lear from his cruel daughters.Gloucester felt upset because Regan andCornwall had stopped him from helping Learor even talking about him. He had now decid-ed to take Lear’s side against Goneril, Reganand their husbands.
Hearing this, Edmund decided to repeateverything to Cornwall, even though he knewthat his father would be in serious trouble.
Gloucester now refused to follow the Duke ofCornwall’s orders and, instead, went out looking
for Lear. He found him in the hut and asked himto come back to his castle, but Lear refused toleave ‘poor Tom’. Then, in his madness, Learheld a mock trial(5) of his evil daughters, with the Fool, ‘poor Tom’ and Kent as judges(6) andstools(7) in the place of his daughters.
Later, Gloucester heard Regan andCornwall as they planned to kill Lear, so hewarned Kent to take the King to Dover,(8)
where he would be safe with Cordelia and theKing of France.
Cornwall was very angry when Edmundtold him what Gloucester had done. He calledGloucester a traitor,(9) and told Edmund that hewould punish the old Earl. Edmund decidedto leave, so that no-one could blame him fornot protecting his father.
Cornwall decided to punish Gloucester byblinding him. He ordered his servants to tie theold man to a chair. Then he blinded one ofGloucester’s eyes. Just as he was going to blindthe other eye too, one of his servants suddenlyattacked(10) him: he could not bear the Duke’scruelty any longer. The Duke of Cornwallkilled the man, but he himself was also hurt.Despite this, he went on to blind Gloucester’sother eye, and then told his suffering victim(11)
that it was his own son Edmund who hadbetrayed(12) him. Gloucester then realised thatEdmund had lied to him from the beginning,and that Edgar was innocent.(13)
At that point, Regan ordered the blind oldman to be thrown out of his own castle into thestorm.
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Glossary
1 bear accept e.g. pain or a bad situation
2 hut a small, simple shelter
3 beggar a very poor person who asks forclothes and food from richer people
4 blanket large piece of cloth used as a bedcovering
5 mock trial a pretend examination of aperson or people to find whether they havedone something against the law
6 judge a person who is in charge of findingout whether someone has done somethingagainst the law
7 stool a chair without a back
8 Dover a town on the south-east coast ofEngland, the easiest place for the FrenchKing and Cordelia to reach when they sailedfrom France
9 traitor person who helps an enemy againstsomeone or something he / she shouldsupport
10 attack use violence against a person orplace
11 victim someone who has been hurt orkilled by someone or by an accident
12 betray help an enemy against someone orsomething you should support, often bygiving valuable information
13 innocent of a person who has not doneanything wrong or against the law
Reading for pleasure
Complete the paragraph with wordsfrom the box.
When Lear was out in the terrible
(1) ____________ , he felt that the violence of the
wind and the (2) ____________ all around him
was like the (3) ____________ of his own feelings.
When he went into the little (4) ____________ ,
he found ‘poor Tom’ there. Tom seemed very
(5) ____________ from the rich, (6) ____________
people the King was normally spent time with.
He appeared to be poor, powerless and
(7) ____________ , and the King felt very
(8) ____________ for him.
different hut mad powerful
rain sorry storm violence
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Tick (4) the correct answer:
1 Lear goes mad because
a he likes the noise and violence of
the storm and wants the wind to
blow even harder.
b his daughters have treated him so
badly that his mind cannot bear
his feelings of anger and sorrow.
c he knows that he has brought
disaster on himself by giving
everything away.
d he feels that the world does not
make sense any more and people
do not behave as they ought to.
2 Gloucester decides to help King Lear
because
a he feels sorry for him because he
is out in the storm with no shelter.
b he hears that Albany and Cornwall
are quarrelling with each other.
c the Duke of Cornwall tells him
not to.
d he wants the King of France and
Cordelia to like him.
Complete the sentences.
1 Edmund quickly leaves his father's castle
after betraying him to Cornwall because
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Regan and her husband decide to blind the
Earl of Gloucester because __________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Lear refuses to come back to the castle with
Gloucester because _________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 The Duke of Cornwall's servant suddenly
attacks the Duke because ___________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
2
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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 3 Scene 7: Inside Gloucester’s castle
Cornwall [to Goneril]: Go quickly and find your husband, and show him this letter, whichwe took from Gloucester.
Regan: Hang him.Goneril: Pull out his eyes.Cornwall: Leave him to me. Edmund, you go with Goneril. It’s not right for you to watch
what I intend to do to your father the traitor. Let’s keep in contact by messenger. Goodbye.[Enter Oswald] Where is the King?
Oswald: My lord of Gloucester has taken him away. About thirty five of his knights havegone with him to Dover, where they will join their friends the French. [Oswald, Goneril andEdmund leave]
Cornwall: Find the traitor Gloucester, tie him up like a thief, and bring him to me. [Servantsleave] We can’t kill him without some kind of trial, but I will do something to him to showhow angry I am. [Servants come back with Gloucester] Is that the traitor?
Regan: Ungrateful traitor!Cornwall: Tie up his old arms.Gloucester: What are you doing? My good friends, you are my guests. Do not hurt me,
friends. [Servants tie him up]Regan: Harder, tighter – the dirty traitor!Gloucester: I am not a traitor, you unkind lady!Cornwall: Tie him to this chair.Gloucester: What are you going to do to me?Cornwall: What letters have you had from France?Regan: You’d better be honest because we know the truth.Cornwall: What have you been planning with the traitors who have just landed in our country?Regan: The same people you just sent the King to. Tell us!Gloucester: I have a letter, but the person who wrote it is not an enemy, and it contains only
guesses.Cornwall: Clever.Regan: and false.Cornwall: Where have you sent the King?Gloucester: To Dover.Regan: Why to Dover? Didn’t we tell you –Cornwall: Why to Dover? Let him answer that.Gloucester: I can’t escape so I might as well tell the truth.Regan: Why to Dover?Gloucester: Because I wouldn’t stand and watch you and your sister torment him any longer.
You let him go off in the middle of the night, in such a storm! If wild animals had been atyour gate that evening you would have let them in, but your own father … But I will see youpay for your cruelty.
Cornwall: You will never see it. Hold the chair while I get at his eyes.Gloucester: Help! Help! Oh, cruel – oh, you gods! Help me!Regan: One eye is out. Now one side will laugh at the other. Take the other eye too.First Servant: Stop, my lord! I have served you since I was a child, but I will never serve you
better than by telling you to stop this.
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Regan: What do you mean, you dog?First Servant: Think about what you are doing!Cornwall: You’re my servant! [They draw swords and fight]First Servant: Come on then, take your chances.Regan: Give me your sword. A servant dares to stand up to us? [Takes a sword from another
servant and runs it into the First Servant from behind]First Servant: Oh! I am killed. My lord, you have one eye left to see this … oh!Cornwall: We’ll have to stop it seeing any more. Out, dirty thing! You can’t see now!Gloucester: Everything is dark. Where is my son Edmund? Edmund, let nature make you
angry, and pay them back for their cruelty to me!Regan: Rubbish, traitor! Edmund hates you. It was he that told us all about your plan. He
won’t feel sorry for you.Gloucester: I’ve been a fool. He must have lied about Edgar. Oh, kind gods, forgive me, and
help Edgar!Regan: Throw him out, and let him smell his way to Dover. [Servant unties Gloucester and leads
him out. To Cornwall] Are you all right?Cornwall: No, I’ve been hurt. Throw that servan into the rubbish. Oh, Regan, I’m injured!
This comes at a bad time. Give me your arm. [They leave together]Second Servant: I’ll never care what evil I do if the gods allow this man to live.Third Servant: If she lives to old age, all women will follow her example.Second Servant: Let’s follow the old Earl.Third Servant: Yes, let’s do that. I’ll get some cotton and egg-whites to apply to his poor
injured face. Heaven help him!
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Punctuation
Rewrite this part of the text. Put in capitalletters (11), full stops (4), an exclamation mark,commas (7) and apostrophes (5).
hello and welcome to job shop the programme
that presents the world of work im lyn dale and
today were looking at telecommunications
amazingly this industry now offers thousands
of different jobs that didnt even exist just 20
years ago
first were going to talk to rania hassan whos a
helpdesk adviser rania hi
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 107, lines 1–4.
Synonyms
Find synonyms of these words andphrases in Student’s Book page 107.
Lines 1-10
1 finding out about _______________
2 problems _______________
3 tough _______________
Lines 11-20
4 on the phone _______________
5 from time to time _______________
3
2
1
Reading and development 6 essential _______________
7 at the beginning _______________
Lines 21-32
8 try to find _______________
9 discover _______________
10 fortunately _______________
Complete the following using pairs ofwords and phrases from Exercise 3.
1 Listen, this is important. It’s _______________
that we find the problem immediately, and
it’s also _______________ that we solve it quickly.
2 Where’s Andy? His wife’s _______________ and
wants to talk to him. / I’ll call him. Andy,
quickly, your wife’s _______________ .
3 What’s wrong? Are you _______________
something? / Yes, I’m _______________ my
school bag. I know I left it somewhere here.
4 What was the job like _______________ , when
you joined the company five years ago? /
_______________ , it was very difficult, but now
it’s much easier.
5 Scientists are working to _______________
more about the disease. They hope that if
they _______________ enough, they’ll be able
to prevent it.
Vocabulary: abbreviations
Use abbreviations on Student’s Book page108 to rewrite the reply to Rania’s message onpage 108. Use any other abbreviations you know.
Hi!
About information for [email protected]:
thanks for this contact. I’m expecting to get
new details tonight or tomorrow morning and
will forward them as soon as possible –
probably tomorrow afternoon.
By the way, great that the report seems OK.
Please let me know your ideas about Paragraph
Number 4. Thanks in advance.
Sally
5
4
CommunicationsUnit 11
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Now match meanings a–r to importantabbreviations and symbols 1–18 that youalready know.
1 am
2 &
3 approx
4 cm(s)
5 Co
6 C/O
Now match more meanings a–r to otherimportant abbreviations and symbols 1–18that you already know.
1 m
2 maximum
3 M/F
4 minimum
5 mm(s)
6 Mob
Write out these sentences in note form,with abbreviations from Exercises 6–7. Alsochange written numbers to figures.
1 The Aswan High Dam is roughly 110 metres
high and 3.8 kilometres long, and it took
about ten years to complete.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
8
a male or female b after midday
c telephone d miles per hour e year(s)
f road g north-east h post office box
i plus j mobile phone k street
l minimum m millimetre(s) n south-west
o number(s) p metre(s) q maximum
r pound(s)
7
a about / around / roughly / approximately
b department c centimetre(s)
d for example e hour(s) f euro(s)
g company h January i first
j kilogram(s) k before midday
l equals/the same as m kilometres per hour
n dollar(s) o kilometre(s) p care of
q Friday r and
6 2 The minimum charge is six euros, and the
maximum weight is ten kilograms.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Please send it to Peter Swale, care of post
box office 73052, Hebron, and write Code
Number BD719 on the label.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 Tom has moved from 23 King Street to 47
City Road, telephone 01865 274563. (His
mobile – 07766 560234 – is still the same.)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 Going past the hospital, you have to drive at
just twenty miles per hour – approximately
the same as thirty kilometres per hour.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 We started at nine o’clock in the morning on
Tuesday, February the second. We travelled
south-east for eighty kilometres, then turned
west for two hours and finally arrived at one
o’clock in the afternoon.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Vocabulary: Rania’s job
Complete the summary with words fromthe box.
Rania works for a (1) _______________ of
computer superstores, and she is a helpdesk
adviser – a job that did not (2) _______________
until quite recently. She helps (3) _______________
who have (4) _______________ problems with
equipment they have bought. She often has to
(5) _______________ _______________ worried
customers before she can start working with
them. She usually has to do simple things such
as helping them to (6) _______________ a
program. However, she (7) _______________ gets
complicated problems. For example, she may
callers calm down calmly chain exist
incidents install lost occasionally
recover suspects technical truth virus
9
7 Dept
8 $
9 e.g.
10 =
11 €
12 Fri
13 hr(s)
14 1st
15 Jan
16 kg(s)
17 km(s)
18 kph
7 mph
8 NE
9 No(s)
10 +
11 pm
12 PO Box(or POB)
13 £
14 Rd
15 SW
16 St
17 Tel
18 yr(s)
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have to get rid of a (8) _______________ , or she
might have to (9) _______________ a file that is
(10) _______________ . She has to think quickly
and (11) _______________ as she moves from
idea to idea. There are also sometimes
(12) _______________ when the customer says
things which she (13) _______________ are
not correct. She then has to get to the
(14) _______________ in a polite round-about way.
Adverbs of frequency
Use these adverbs and the ideas belowto write six true statements about yourself.
1 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
always usually often sometimes
occasionally never
get up
leave home early/late
arrive at school
get home in the morning /
afternoon / evening /
at night
have lunch
do my homework at/ before / after (time)
watch TV
go to bed on weekdays / at the
weekend
1
Language
Sentence adverbs
Add the appropriate adverbs from thebox to the sentences below.
1 _______________ , I stood up to speak and
immediately forgot what I wanted to say.
2 _______________ , the phone went dead in the
middle of our conversation.
3 _______________ , there is more computing
power in your little calculator than there was
in the first spaceship to the Moon.
4 _______________ , Huda lives in Amman now
and it is very difficult to meet.
5 _______________ , the storm did not damage
the house.
Irregular verbs
Use these irregular adverbs and thecomparative forms shown to complete thestory.
At the beginning of the football season, our
team were not playing (1) ____________ together.
Some of the team members used to arrive very
(2) ____________ for training, and nobody trained
very (3) ____________ .
All that soon changed when our new trainer
arrived. At our first training evening with him,
he was clearly unhappy, but he just said things
like, ‘Come on, can’t you run (4) ____________
than that?’ But then at our second training
evening, he got really angry and shouted,
‘You’re doing even (5) ____________ than last
time. You have to do much (6) ____________ than
this or I’m going to give up and leave you!’
That woke us all up (7) ____________ ! Soon,
everybody was trying much (8) ____________
than before. And it worked. When the
championships started, we began winning –
again and again!
fast hard late well
better faster harder worse
3
Amazingly, Annoyingly, Embarrassingly,
Fortunately, Sadly,
2
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Adverbs: mixed
Add the adverbs in brackets to thefollowing sentences and write out the wholeas a paragraph.
1 We didn’t play at the start of our biggest
match of the season. (unfortunately, / very
confidently)
2 At the same time, the other team were
playing and trying. (well / hard)
3 They didn’t break through during those first
20 minutes. (luckily, / successfully)
4 Then we started playing again – as we had
done all season. (suddenly / properly)
5 We scored our first goal, and then we scored
another one at the end of the first half.
(quickly / nearly)
6 In the second half, we played and we scored
two more goals. (even better / finally)
7 We had won the championship even though
we had begun the season. (amazingly, / so
badly)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4
Puzzle
Do the puzzle and find 10 words. Usewords from Student’s Book Unit 11 pages106–111.
1 ... are much smaller and lighter than ordinary
computers.
2 It’s a difficult, ... job, but I enjoy it.
3 These files all have to go in the top drawer of
the ...(6) ... (7).
4 The phones are very busy. Customers have
been ... us all morning.
5 A good telephone manner and good ...
generally are important when you deal with
customers.
6 I’ve marked the important parts of the text
with a green ... pen.
7 In order to be ... in our work, it’s important to
keep the office tidy.
8 Lots of programs are already ... in the
computer when you buy it.
9 Could you put these letters in those ...,
please?
4
9
8
7
6
4
2
1
10
3
5
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King Lear
ACT 4
Edgar and Gloucester, who was now blind,met out on the windy heath.(1) Edgar took careof his father but did not say who he was. Hestill pretended to be ‘poor mad Tom’. Gloucesterremembered seeing Tom the night before withLear. ‘He reminded me of my poor son Edgar,’said the old man. ‘How I wish I could holdhim in my arms again, though I will never beable to see him now! We are like flies(2) and thegods are like cruel little boys; they tormentand kill us for fun.’ While Gloucester was talking like this, Edgar could hardly speakbecause of his sorrow at seeing his poor fatherblinded.
Gloucester now asked Edgar to take him toDover. He wanted to throw himself from thehigh cliffs(3) there and end his unhappy life.Edgar agreed, but instead took him to themiddle of a field. Gloucester jumped, but ofcourse he only fell to the ground. Edgar liftedhim up, pretending to be a friendly stranger.(4)
He allowed his father to think that he had fallen and survived by a miracle.(5)
Meanwhile, Goneril had fallen in love withEdmund. She now despised(6) her own husbandthe Duke of Albany as a weak person. On theother hand, Albany had come to hate whatGoneril, Regan, Cornwall and Edmund
between them had done. He told his wife: ‘Youare not worth the dust which the rude(7) windblows in your face.’
Then a messenger brought the news that theDuke of Cornwall had died after the servant’sattack during the blinding of Gloucester.Goneril was immediately worried by thisnews. It meant that her sister Regan was nowa widow(8) and might marry the man she nowwanted for herself – Edmund. Albany’s mindwas on something very different. He nowunderstood that Edmund had betrayed hisown father to Cornwall’s cruelty, and he wasvery angry. He decided to punish Edmund forbeing such a terrible traitor.
At this point, the King of France had toreturn to France, leaving Cordelia near Doverwith his army. There, she read Kent’s lettertelling her about Lear’s fall into madness. Learwas now in Dover, but he felt too ashamed(9) ofthe way he had behaved towards Cordelia tosee her. Gloucester and Edgar met Lear, covered in wild flowers and out of his mind.Gloucester recognised(10) Lear’s voice, as theold King explained that the poor and powerlessare always the ones who are punished for theircrimes,(11) while the rich and powerful do thesame things but are not punished. Then Lear
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Glossary
1 heath wild, open, treeless land, withoutfarms
2 fly small, black flying creature
3 cliff steep high rock face, usually next tothe sea
4 stranger someone you do not know
5 miracle an amazing event caused bysomething greater than the ordinary powerof human beings
6 despise look down on people thinking thatthey have no value
7 rude (here, old-fashioned) rough, wild
8 widow a woman whose husband has died
9 ashamed feeling embarrassed and badabout something you have done
10 recognise know someone or somethingbecause you have seen, met or heard thembefore
11 crime an action that is against the law
12 confused unable to understand somethingor think clearly about it
13 kneel (knelt) go down on your knees
14 blessing a wish that someone will be welland happy, words that show you think well of them
recognised Gloucester – the first sign that hismadness was beginning to disappear.
Meanwhile, Goneril’s servant Oswald hadbeen ordered to find Gloucester and kill him.But Edgar, still in disguise, prevented this.They fought and he killed Oswald. Then hefound and read a letter that Oswald was carrying from Goneril to Edmund. In the letterGoneril told Edmund to kill her husbandAlbany so that he could marry her.
Now Cordelia found Lear. She was very sad
to see him mad. Her doctor gave him medicineto make him well again. When he woke up hewas confused,(12) and did not know where hewas. Cordelia knelt(13) down in front of himand asked for his blessing.(14) As for Lear, herealised that this was Cordelia, and he fullyexpected her to be angry with him. After all,she had every reason to be! But Cordelia madehim understand that she loved him and forgavehim. Both father and daughter were extremelyhappy to be together again.
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Reading for pleasure
Who might have said or thought thefollowing? Explain each situation in turn.
1 ‘I can’t bear to see my poor father like this.
How could anyone have hurt him like this
and treated him so cruelly?’
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 ‘Am I finally going mad or am I just
confused? How could I have fallen so far and
still be alive?’
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 ‘I’ve got to think quickly. How am I going to
stop her from getting him now that her
husband is dead?’
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 ‘What? I don’t believe this! It means that that
terrible woman is trying to get my brother to
kill her husband. This is really, really bad!’
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 ‘At last! My father! But has he really gone
completely mad? I’ll ask my doctor to give
him some medicine that may perhaps help
him.’
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
1
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Tick (4) the correct answer.
1 Gloucester decides to jump off the cliff
because
a he cannot bear the pain of his
blinding any more.
b he knows he will never be able
to see his son Edgar again or
hold him in his arms.
c he is so deeply unhappy at what
he has done to Edgar and what
he has suffered at the hands
of Cornwall.
d he is afraid of meeting the Duke of
Cornwall again.
2 The Duke of Albany feels that his wife
Goneril is evil because
a she has helped Regan and Cornwall
to make Lear go mad and to blind
Gloucester.
b she has fallen in love with Edmund.
c she thinks he is weak.
d she does not love him any more.
Complete the sentences.
1 Goneril is worried when she hears that her
sister’s husband has died since ______________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Edgar leads his father to the middle of a field
and not to the high cliffs as _________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 King Lear fully expects Cordelia to be angry
with him because ___________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 Goneril has written a letter to Edmund
telling him to kill her husband because _____
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
2
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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 4 Scene 7: A tent in the French camp: Cordelia, Kent, Doctor and Gentleman
Cordelia: Kent, how can I ever repay your goodness? My whole life will be too short to do it.Kent: Your thanks, madam, are more than enough payment. Cordelia: [To the Doctor] How is the King?Doctor: He is still sleeping.Cordelia: Oh you kind gods, repair his broken mind, and bring him back to his senses.Doctor: We could wake him now, your Majesty, he has slept long enough.Cordelia: We will do what you think is best. [Servants carry Lear in a chair] Is he dressed?Gentleman: Yes, madam, we put fresh clothes on him as he slept.Doctor: Be close when we wake him; I’m not sure he will be himself. Come closer.Cordelia: My dear father, I hope this kiss can help to repair the damage that my two sisters
did to you. Even if you were not their father, they should have respected your white hairs.Was this a face to put out into the wild winds and the storm? My enemy’s dog, even if hehad bitten me, would have spent that night by my fire; but you, poor father, were forced toshelter with animals and poor people in a smelly hut. It’s a wonder that you didn’t lose yourlife as well as your mind. He’s waking – speak to him.
Doctor: It’s best if you speak to him.Cordelia: How are you, my royal lord? How is your Majesty?Lear: You do me wrong to wake me from death. You are in heaven, but I am tied to a wheel of
fire, and my own tears burn me like hot metal.Cordelia: Sir, do you know me?Lear: You are a spirit, I know. Where did you die?Cordelia: Still far away from his old self.Doctor: He’s only just woken up – let him alone for a while.Lear: Where have I been? Where am I? Is this daylight? I can’t think clearly. I don’t know
what to say. I am not sure these are my hands: let’s see. They have feeling. I wish I knewwhat’s happening.
Cordelia: Look at me, Father. Hold your hand over me and give me your blessing. Lear: Please do not laugh at me. I am a very foolish old man, nearly eighty years old, and to
speak plainly, I fear I am not in my perfect mind. I think I should know you and this man, butI can’t be sure. I don’t know what place this is. I can’t remember these clothes I’m wearing, orwhere I slept last night. Don’t laugh at me, but I think this lady is my child Cordelia.
Cordelia: So I am, I am.Lear: Are these tears? Don’t cry. If you have poison for me, I will drink it. I know you do not
love me, for your sisters have, as I remember, done me some wrong. You have some cause,they have not.
Cordelia: No cause, no cause.Lear: Am I in France?Kent: In your own country, sir.Lear: Truly?Doctor: Be comforted, madam. He is no longer so mad, but it might be dangerous for him to
think too much about the recent past. Don’t question him until he is better.Cordelia: Can your Highness walk?Lear: You must be patient with me. Please now, forget and forgive. I am old and foolish. [They
go out together]
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Punctuation
Rewrite the paragraph. Put in capitalletters (9), full stops (3), a question mark,commas (4), inverted commas (‘...’) (6) and adash.
next day omar sent ibn abbas to buy the milk
and was very pleased to find that it still
contained no water what reward should this
girl have he asked and ibn abbas suggested
money no omar replied she should have
something greater something that everyone
will remember
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Now check your work. Look at Student’sBook page 117, paragraph 8.
Opposites
Find opposites of these words onStudent’s Book page 117.
Introduction
1 was born _____________
2 learned _____________
3 light _____________
4 led _____________
The horse race
5 won _____________
6 rich _____________
3
2
1
Reading and development The honest daughter
7 agreed _____________
8 allowed _____________
9 forget _____________
10 taken _____________
Use pairs of words from Exercise 3 tocomplete the following.
1 It’s too warm for that thick, _______________
winter jacket. You need to wear your
_______________ summer jacket or you’ll be far
too hot!
2 Are we _______________ to take photos here?
No, I’m sorry. This is a top-security zone and
all photography is _______________ .
3 Caliph Omar _______________ in 581, and he
_______________ in 644, so he lived for about
63 years.
4 Do you _______________ the name of that man
we met at the coffee shop? / No, I’m sorry,
I’ve _______________ it.
5 In last week’s lesson, you _______________ how
to make a pizza, and this week I’m going to
_______________ you how to cook some
spaghetti dishes.
6 All right, we _______________ to work late this
evening, but we _______________ to work all
weekend as well. That’s too much to ask!
Add two words to the table fromStudent’s Book page 117, paragraph 8. Thencomplete the table from your own knowledge.
somebody / one
nowhere
anybody / one
everything
5
4
The voice of the peopleUnit 12
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Rewrite the sentences using words fromthe table in Exercise 5 to replace theunderlined words.
1 I hope you put the money in a place that’s safe.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Don’t say a single thing about this to the
others.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Will there be any people at the conference
that we know?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 There’s a thing I need to do in town. I have to
go to the bank.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5 Mahmoud knows this country well. He been
to every part of it.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6 Have you seen all the people you need to
meet?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
7 Not a single person went to the meeting!
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
8 Have you got all the things you’ll need for
the trip?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Phrasal verbs: carry
Complete each sentence with carry / becarried + out, on or away.
1 If we _______________ down this road, we’ll
soon come to the right house.
2 After that wonderful winning goal, the crowd
got completely _______________ . You could
hear the noise right across town!
7
6 3 We have to _______________ some tests to
make sure the building is safe.
Phrasal verbs: turn
Complete each sentence with turn + off /on, up / down, back, into or out.
1 In a few days, the rain _____________ the
desert _____________ a field of grass and
flowers.
2 This road is getting worse and worse. I think
we should _____________ .
3 The water’s still cold, so could you
_____________ the heat, please?
4 After I left that night, I realised that I hadn’t
_____________ the lights _____________ , so I had
to go back and do that.
5 I’d never made bread before, so I was a bit
worried, but in fact it _____________ very well.
Here – have a piece. It tastes quite good!
6 That music is too loud. Do you think you
could _____________ it _____________ a bit,
please?
7 When you _____________ the TV, you should
_____________ it _____________ at the wall
socket so that there’s no danger of fire.
Vocabulary: government past andpresent
Complete the three paragraphs withwords from the three boxes.
In the past, most countries suffered under
leaders who were (1) ____________ like Hitler or
Stalin, or were (2) ____________ who lived in their
rich palaces and (3) ____________ their nations
with all power in their hands. Ordinary people
had to live (4) ____________ freedom or a
proper system of justice. They simply had to
(5) ____________ their rulers and do what they
were told. Any (6) ____________ to fight for
freedom was usually (7) ____________ , and
anybody who tried this faced (8) ____________
punishment, with years in prison and often
death.
attempt defeated dictators kings
obey ruled severe without
9
8
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Of course, down through history there have
sometimes been good rulers who have been
(9) ____________ and have understood how to
lead their countries well. For example, people
(10) ____________ a great leader like Caliph Omar
to lead them well, and they were happy to
follow this very (11) ____________ man. He had a
deep (12) ____________ in (13) ____________ and
truth between people. He also (14) ____________
freedom and equality for all people without
(15) ____________ , including himself. Stories
about his life show that he hated the
(16) ____________ of the woman who wanted to
add water to the milk her daughter sold. He
also hated the (17) ____________ shown to the
poor Egyptian who was beaten because he
won a horse race against a boy from the ruling
family.
It has taken a long time for the idea to develop
that all people should be (18) ____________ to do
and say what they want, and that all should be
(19) ____________ under the law, whether they
are rich or poor. Today, though, most countries
have reached this point. Most have
(20) ____________ systems of government which
require (21) ____________ every few years. These
are both for members of government to
represent the people in different parts of the
country and for the head of government, who
in most countries is given the (22) ____________
of (23) ____________ . Under this sort of system,
people who want to succeed have to talk to the
people about their ideas. They have to make
many (24) ____________ on TV and at public
meetings, and they have to (25) ____________
to everyone through their words and their
actions that they are the right ones for the
job of leading the country.
demonstrate elections equal
established free president
speeches title
belief dishonesty exception
holy honesty injustice
stood for trusted wise
Vocabulary: stories about Caliph Omar
Complete the summaries with wordsfrom the two boxes.
The young (1) ____________ of the Governor of
Egypt was (2) ____________ when a poor, young
Egyptian won a horse race against him. He took
his whip and beat the boy badly. Caliph Omar
heard the story and called the Governor, the
son and the boy to Medina. There, he
(3) ____________ the incident to discover the
truth. He was very angry with the Governor and
his son, who represented Islam in Egypt, and he
found it difficult to (4) ____________ the son’s
(5) ____________ behaviour towards the poor
Egyptian. He hated the fact that the young
‘so-called aristocrat’ had (6) ____________ the
high standards of behaviour that Islam requires
of all believers. He said, ‘How (7) ____________
you treat free people like slaves!’, and he
ordered that the son should be beaten as he
himself had beaten the Egyptian boy.
One night when Caliph Omar and Ibn Abbas
were secretly visiting the poorest part of town,
they heard an argument between a mother and
her (1) ____________ about adding water to some
milk. The mother said that (2) ____________ the
girl did that, they would not have enough
money to buy food. But the daughter refused,
saying it would be (3) ____________ to do that.
Next morning Ibn Abbas went back to buy the
milk and brought it to Caliph Omar. They were
very pleased to find that the girl had remained
strong and not added any water. The two
women were then brought to him, and he told
them what he had found out. The mother was
very frightened. She (4) ____________ with fear
and (5) ____________ deeply for her behaviour. As
for the girl, Omar was so pleased with her that
he wanted his son and her to get married and
become (6) ____________ and (7) ____________ .
‘Islam needs daughters like you,’ he said to her.
apologised daughter dishonest
husband shook unless wife
abandoned dare forgive furious
investigated son unjust
10
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Reported speech: general
Put this further Caliph Omar story into reported speech.
Cloth for all
One day towards the end of Ramadan, one of Caliph Omar’s advisers said to him, ‘Ramadan has been
hard for the people, and they’re very much looking forward to Eid.’
Omar replied, ‘Yes, and they have followed the Qur’an well during Ramadan, so I would like to do
something special for them.’
‘What exactly do you plan to do?’ his adviser asked.
‘I’m going to give each person a piece of cloth so that everyone can make new clothes ready for
the festival,’ Omar answered.
‘Is it possible to find so much cloth?’ the other man wondered.
‘I believe we can buy enough in the soukh, Omar said, and then he requested his adviser’s help.
‘Please take all the money that I have here,’ he said. ‘Go to the soukh with it and buy all the cloth the
traders have.’
*****
Two days later, Caliph Omar had a mountain of cloth to give to the people. They came all day long
until at the end one small man came from the desert to receive his piece of cloth, which was cut
small to fit him. He looked at his cloth and then at Caliph Omar, a large man who was now wearing
his own new clothes ready for Eid. He said to Omar, ‘You’re very unjust. You’re a large man, and
you’ve taken a much larger piece of cloth than mine,’ he went on to say. ‘How can that be right?’ he
asked. ‘Why didn’t you give yourself the same amount of cloth as you’re giving everybody else?’ he
wondered. ‘Is it right for you to talk about equality when you treat yourself better than other
people?’ he demanded to know.
Omar did not reply. Instead, he turned to his young son Abdullah and said, ‘Please tell this man
what has happened.’
Abdullah, who was not wearing new clothes, then explained. ‘My father did not take a larger piece
than other people. I gave him my own piece so that he could have enough for himself.’ Then he
added, ‘I was happy to do that because he has done so much for me and for all of us.’
Cloth for all
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
1
Language
One day towards the end of Ramadan, one of Caliph Omar’s advisers said to him that Ramadan
had been hard for the people, and that they were very much looking forward to Eid. Omar replied
that they had followed the Qur’an well during Ramadan, so he would like
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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*****
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Puzzle
Do the puzzle. Find 15 words from Student’s Book Unit 12 pages 116–121.2
Two days later, Caliph Omar had a mountain of cloth to give to the people. They came all day
long until at the end one small man came from the desert to receive his piece of cloth, which was
cut small to fit him. He looked at his cloth and then at Caliph Omar, a large man who was now
wearing his own new clothes ready for Eid. He said to Omar that he was very unjust. He was
a large man, and he had taken a much
q n g o v e r n o r z c w r k s l t h o n e s t y p e p h e
y r x o p g x z r y r a l e a d e r h y t i z u b i a o r q
f u r i o u s t e a e i g d x j g j s o n t a i n v o w d u
s m o p f u r h f s w t r u s t q n k r p l q j m g b e n a
r e l i g i o n u b a d u i e m f i n c i d e n t k s r j l
t i u a q d k c s w r h o r d e r d o x n c y v k u z f c i
w n l e v b v j e c d e h v f f e j s o p w m a q l t u l t
d e m o n s t r a t e b r e s p o n s i b i l i t y m l f y
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King Lear
ACT 5
When Regan asked Edmund if he was in lovewith Goneril, he denied(1) it. But just thenGoneril and Albany arrived, and the sisterswere immediately jealous(2) of each other. Eachknew that the other wanted to marry Edmund,and each wanted to make sure that she herselfwould win him. As for Edmund, he could notmake up his mind which sister to marry.
Meanwhile, Edgar, who was still disguised,gave a letter to Albany. It was the one thatGoneril had written to Edmund. So with this,Albany knew that his own wife had plannedto kill him and marry his killer.
Now it was time for the great battle(3)
between the French and English armies. Edgarhid his father for safety under a tree while thebattle was being fought. The battle began, andthe English army under Edmund won.Unfortunately for Lear and Cordelia, theywere both captured.(4)
Lear was not afraid of going to prison if hecould just be sure of staying with Cordelia. Hetried to make her feel happier by saying: ‘Come,let’s away to prison: We two will sing like birdsin the cage.’(5) But after they had been taken toprison, Edmund gave one of his soldiers a letterwith secret orders to kill them.
Albany understood the danger to Lear andCordelia, and he asked Edmund to let himlook after the two of them. Edmund said hewould let Albany have them, but not now. Hewould give them to him the next day, he said.Albany reminded Edmund that he should nottalk like this to him, as the young man was nothis social equal.
Then Goneril and Regan began to quarrelabout Edmund - until Regan suddenly becamevery ill and collapsed. Goneril had poisonedher!
At this point, Albany arrested(6) Edmund fortreason. He decided that Edmund must facetrial by combat.(7) Edgar was the one whooffered to fight Edmund and prove he was atraitor. He did this still without telling anyonewho he really was.
The two brothers fought, and Edgar won.Edmund fell, already close to death, and henow finally admitted(8) all his crimes.
Then Edgar finally showed who he was, andhe went on to explain that their father had justdied. It had happened like this. After he hadfound safety for the old man under a tree, hehad told him he was the Earl’s son. Then,while getting ready for the battle, he hadasked for his father’s blessing. And at thatmoment, the old man had suffered a hugeheart attack and died. But he had at least diedhappily, in his son’s arms.
When Goneril realised that her husbandknew about Edmund and her, she became desperate, ran away and killed herself with aknife in the heart. After a messenger hadreturned with this shocking news, Albanyturned to ask the dying Edmund what he haddone with Lear and Cordelia. Edmund repliedthat he had ordered their deaths, but if Edgarran to the castle he might just be in time tosave them.
Edgar started to leave for the castle as fast aspossible, but he was too late: Cordelia hadalready been killed. A moment later, Leararrived, carrying Cordelia’s dead body in hisarms. This final sorrow was too great for herfather to bear. The old King’s heart broke atlast, and he died. In the end, only Kent, Edgar and Albany wereleft to bury(9) the dead. Goneril's husband, theDuke of Albany, became King of England.
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Glossary
1 deny say that something is not true
2 jealous angry and upset that someone else
has or may get something that you want
3 battle fight between two armies
4 capture catch someone or take control of
something, especially in war
5 cage container, usually made of thin pieces
of metal, and usually used for keeping birds
or small animals
6 arrest stop someone being free, seize them
and hold them
7 trial by combat an ancient way of providing
proof of something through fighting, here
for example proving that Edmund really was
a traitor if he lost the fight with Edgar
8 admit agree that something bad is true
9 bury put something deep in the ground
Reading for pleasure
1 King Lear is often acted now, and people think
it is one of Shakespeare’s best plays. But for
many years after Shakespeare’s death it was
unpopular. When it was acted again in public,
the end of the play was changed. People
found Shakespeare’s ending unbearably cruel
and sad, so they wrote a new one in which
Cordelia is not murdered. Some people were
also too shocked by the scene in which the
Earl of Gloucester is blinded. They said this
was too terrible to be shown in public, and
they felt that Shakespeare had made his bad
characters too evil to be human. In the
twentieth century, however, it became clear to
everyone that human beings really can be as
cruel and evil as Regan, Goneril, Cornwall and
Edmund. Now people see that Shakespeare’s
ideas about the worst in human nature were
true, and no-one uses the happy ending.
What do you think about the ending?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Preparing for the tawjehi exam
Tick (4) the correct answer.
1 Goneril wants Edmund to murder her
husband because
a she cannot afford to pay someone
else to do it.
b she hates her husband and
doesn’t want to be married to
him any more.
c she wants to become the
Countess of Gloucester.
d she cannot marry Edmund while
her husband was still alive.
2 The Duke of Albany arrests Edmund
because
a he is angry with him for not
giving him Lear and Cordelia.
b he feels that Edmund has led
the English army badly.
c he wants to bring Edmund to
justice for his treason.
d he knows that his wife is in love
with Edmund.
Answer the questions.
1 Why does Goneril poison her sister?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 What makes Lear happy to go to prison?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 What do you think makes Edmund try to save
the lives of Lear and Cordelia at the last minute?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 How many of the main characters in the play
die by the end, and how does each one die?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3
2
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Scenes for you to act (rewritten in modern English)Act 5 Scene 3: The British camp near Dover, Edmund with Lear and Cordelia
Edmund: Take them away and watch them well until we decide what to do with them.Cordelia: I’m young and strong and can bear this. I am more worried about you, father. Let
us talk to my sisters.Lear: No, no, no, no! Let’s go to prison. We two alone will sing like birds in a cage. When you
kneel and ask my blessing, I’ll kneel and ask your forgiveness, and so we’ll live, and pray,and sing, and tell old stories, and laugh at all the important people in their expensive clothes,always worrying about who’s in and who’s out. We’ll be so wise, in our safe prison walls,we’ll live longer than all of them.
Edmund: Take them away.Lear: The gods themselves, Cordelia, will bless us. No-one can separate us now. Dry your
eyes. The years will eat them all up, before they can make us cry. We’ll see them die first.Come. [They leave]
Edmund: Come here, captain, and listen. Take this letter and follow them to prison. If you dowhat the letter tells you, you will be well rewarded. A soldier can’t afford to be soft-hearted.Don’t talk to anyone about these orders – either tell me you’ll do it, or find another job.
Captain: If it is a man’s work, I’ll do it. [Leaves. Enter Albany, Goneril, Soldiers]Albany: Sir, you have shown yourself brave today, and had good fortune. You have taken
prisoners. I want those prisoners from you, to deal with them as I think best.Edmund: Sir, I have sent the old King to prison, and the Queen with him. They are ready to
be judged tomorrow, or whenever you like. But today let’s rest from the fighting before wethink about what to do with them.
Albany: You are under me in this war. You are not my brother.Regan: He is what we decide to make him. I think you should have asked me before you
spoke to him. He led our army in my place; he is well qualified to call himself your brother.Through me, he is equal to the best in the land.
Goneril: He’d be the best if he married you.Regan: That’s truer than you think.Goneril: I was joking.Regan: Lady, I am not well, or I would answer you angrily. Edmund, take my soldiers, my
prisoners, my wealth; do what you want with them and me; I surrender to you, and leteveryone see, I create you here my lord and husband.
Goneril: You are really going to have him?Albany: You can’t stop her.Edmund: Nor can you, lord.Albany: Oh, yes I can. Listen to this. I arrest you, Edmund, as a traitor, and with you I arrest
this snake in human clothes [pointing to Goneril]. You have a sword, Edmund: let the trumpetsound. If no-one else will fight to prove you are a traitor, I will do it myself. [Throws down hisglove]
Regan: Oh, I am sick!Edmund: [Throws down his glove] I will fight you. Whoever says I am a traitor is a lying dog. I
will fight for my truth and honour against you or anyone.Albany: A herald, here! Herald!Regan: My sickness grows worse.Albany: She is not well; carry her to my tent. [Herald comes in] Herald, speak loudly.
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Herald: If any man will fight to prove Edmund, so-called Earl of Gloucester, a traitor, let himstep forward. [Trumpets sound. Edgar comes in]
Herald: Who are you? What is your name?Edgar: My name is lost, but I was born as high as the man I have come to fight. Who speaks
for Edmund, Earl of Gloucester?Edmund: I will defend myself. Have you anything to say?Edgar: I say that you are a traitor, false to your gods, your brother, and your father, a traitor
against this great prince, and from the top of your head to your feet a dirty, low-down traitor.If you deny this, you are lying; and I will prove it with this sword.
Edmund: I throw these lies back in your face. [They fight. Edmund is wounded and falls to theground]
Goneril: You have been tricked. You don’t have to fight unless you know your opponent’sname.
Albany: Shut your mouth, woman, or I’ll shut it with this letter. Read here your own evil.Don’t try to tear it, lady – I see you recognise this.
Goneril: What if I do? I make the laws, not you. Who can arrest me?Albany: You monster! Do you know this letter?Goneril: Don’t ask me what I know. [She leaves]Albany: Go after her – she’s desperate. Stop her.Edmund: I have done everything you accuse me of, and much, much more. Time will bring it
all to light. It’s history now, and so am I. [to Edgar] Who are you? I forgive you my death.Edgar: Let us forgive one another. I am your brother, Edgar, whom you wronged. But let me
tell what happened to my father. While I was hiding dressed as a poor madman, I met myfather, newly blinded. I led him, begged for him, saved him from despair, but I never toldhim who I was, until half an hour ago, when I was preparing for this fight. I asked hisblessing, and told him everything. But his poor heart was too weak to bear such great joyand grief; it broke and he died, with a smile. [A Gentleman comes in holding a bloody knife]
Gentleman: My lord, your wife is dead – I pulled this from her heart. She admitted that shepoisoned her sister.
Albany: Bring their bodies here. Here comes the Earl of Kent. We have no time for politeness,my lord.
Kent: I came to say good night to the King my master. Isn’t he here?Albany: Heavens, we forgot him. Edmund, speak, where are the King and Cordelia?Edmund: I want to do some good before I die. Send a messanger to the castle, quickly. I
ordered their deaths, but if you run you might be in time – take my sword – give it to thecaptain. [Edgar gives the sword to a messenger who runs off] Goneril and I told him to hangCordelia in the prison.
Albany: God protect her! Take him away. [Edmund is carried off. Enter Lear, carrying Cordelia’sbody in his arms]
Lear: No, no, no, no! Oh, you are men of stone! She’s gone forever. I know the differencebetween life and death. She’s as dead as earth. Lend me a mirror – if her breath mists it, thenshe’s alive – she lives! If it is true, it makes up for every sorrow I have suffered. Oh no! Icould have saved her; now she’s gone forever. Cordelia, Cordelia, stay a little longer. Whatdid you say? She always had a low, soft voice. I killed the man who was hanging you. Whoare you? Aren’t you the Earl of Kent?
Kent: I am. Your eldest daughters have killed themselves.Lear: Yes, I think so.
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Albany: Lear will be King again. I give up everything to him. Everyone shall get what isright.
Lear: And my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life? Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life,and you no life at all? You’ll come no more, never, never, never, never, never. Please, undothis button. Thank you, sir. Do you see this? Look at her. Look, her lips, look there, lookthere! [He dies]
Edgar: He faints. My lord, my lord!Kent: Break, heart, break!Edgar: He is gone.Kent: The wonder is that he survived so long.Albany: Carry them away. You two, friends, rule after him and help rebuild our damaged
country.Kent: I have a journey, sir, shortly to go. My master calls me, I must not say no.Edgar: We must speak our true feelings. The oldest has suffered most. We that are young shall
never see so much, nor live so long.
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I Speaking (5 minutes – 10 marks)
Decide what you should say in thesesituations. Tick (4) the correct box. (2 marks)
1 You want to suggest something to a friend.
a You’re going to call your mother
now, aren’t you?
b Why not call your mother now?
c Do you ever call your mother?
2 As a police officer, you need to check a
tourist’s passport. The tourist has been
driving too fast.
a Show me your passport.
b I wonder if you could show me
your passport.
c May I see your passport, please?
Supply the missing parts in thefollowing dialogue. You work in a touristinformation centre and are helping a foreignvisitor. (8 marks)
You Good morning. How (1) _______________ ?
Visitor Well, I’m (2) _______________ some
information on Palestine.
You What (3) _______________ information
are you thinking of? Places to visit,
perhaps? Or how to get around the
country?
Visitor Everything really.
You Well, (4) _______________ , perhaps you
should buy a guidebook.
Visitor Good idea.
You I think (5) _______________ have a look
at these ones up here on the wall.
(6) _______________ , I’ll get them down
so that you can look at them properly.
Visitor Thanks very much.
2
1
Part 1 (40 minutes – 60 marks) You Now, this one is the best.
Visitor But it’s very big and heavy. I think I
need (7) _______________ .
You Well, then, what about this one?
Visitor Yes, this is about right. How
(8) _______________ ?
You It’s just $15.
II Listening (10 minutes – 15 marks)
Listen and tick (4) the words andnumbers you hear. (3 marks)
1 bit beat
2 pen Ben
3 cash catch
4 18 80
5 357 375
6 46,981 49,681
Look at the picture, listen and answerthese questions. (4 marks)
1 What is a little unusual about this applicant?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Which offer is most important for him?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4
3
Practice Test 1
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Listen again and complete the application form. (8 marks)5
Personal details:
Family name: ________________ First name(s): (1) ________________
Date of birth: (2) ________________ Marital status: (3) ________________
Educational details:
Institution: (4) ________________ Studying: (5) ________________
Contact details:
Address: (6) ________________ Tel: (Home) _______________
________________ (Mobile) (7) ________________
(8) ________________ E-mail: ________________
III Vocabulary (10 minutes – 15 marks)
Complete the sentences with do, get, have, make and take in suitable forms. (5 marks)
1 I __________ my birthday party yesterday, and my mother __________ a cake for me.
2 I wanted to __________ some stamps at the post office, but I’d forgotten to __________ any money
with me.
3 She’s __________ her homework at the moment. She always __________ it at this time of day.
4 It usually __________ six weeks to finish each house, but things have __________ much slower
because of the bad weather.
5 The children are __________ a tree house and they’re __________ a wonderful time!
Complete the sentences with another word from the same word family. (5 marks)
1 Recently, there have been several hurricanes that have been extremely _______________ . (destroy)
2 The big problem with fossil fuels is that they cause a lot of _______________ . (polluted)
3 I can’t tell the _______________ these two sorts of cola. (different)
4 What _______________ are you? / I’m American. (nation)
5 This documentary isn’t really very _______________ . (interest)
Form suitable word pairs from the words in the boxes in order to complete the sentences.(5 marks)
1 Saudi Arabia has the largest _______________________________ in the world.
2 Take your _______________________________ with you, and then you can call us while you’re on the bus.
3 Alia is our new _______________________________ , and she’s trying hard to improve conditions for all
of us here at college.
4 I’ve paid all the money I received into my new _______________________________ .
5 The Great Pyramid of Cheops at Giza was probably the largest single _______________________________
in the whole of the Ancient world.
account phone project representative reserves
bank construction mobile oil student
8
7
6
Jamjoum
London
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IV Language (15 minutes – 20 marks)
Choose a, b, c or d. (10 marks)
1 When __________________ school?
a he left b was he left c did he leave d was he leaving
2 She __________________ in Nablus since the start of this year.
a is living c has lived d lived e is living
3 ______________________ washing the dishes yet?
a What time did you finish b Have you finished
c Will you finish d When did you finish
4 You __________________ take the radio back to the shop. It’s working!
a must b mustn’t c don’t have to d have to
5 When I __________________ home after school, I’ll have lunch.
a get b am getting c will get d have been getting
6 Nadia would help us if she __________________ , but she can’t.
a will be able to b can c had been able to d could
7 If we had heard about the bad weather, we __________________ at home.
a we stayed b would stay c will stay d would have stayed
8 Why didn’t you get up earlier? Then you ______________________ the job this morning.
a would be able to finish b could have finished
c could finish d could have to finish
9 Ali quickly looked __________________ in the mirror before he started his interview.
a for himself b himself c by himself d at himself
10 Look at this letter! I __________________ a place at City College, and that’s my first choice!
a have been offered b have offered c was offered d am offering
Rewrite the sentences. Start with the words in brackets. (10 marks)
1 How long will the interview last? (I wonder)
________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Here’s my advice: don’t apply for a credit card. (I advise)
________________________________________________________________________________________
3 The ocean here is about three kilometres deep. (The ocean here has)
________________________________________________________________________________________
4 We will send you a letter to confirm this. (You will)
________________________________________________________________________________________
5 He started work at 6.30 this morning. (He has been)
________________________________________________________________________________________
10
9
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I Reading (10 minutes – 10 marks)
The Council has asked for people’s opinions about priority projects for the community. Matchthree of the following people to the letters below. Sign the letters with their names. (1 mark)
Dr Huda Alawi, Head of Sciences, Al Quds Community College
Omar Hussain, Infrastructure Maintenance Department, City Council
Muneera Amir, ambulance driver, Central Hospital
Dr Jameel Mustapha, Assistant Director, Palestine Telecom Services
1
Part 2 Vocational (20 minutes – 20 marks)
Dear Sir/Madam
I work in the emergency medical service,
and I strongly believe that we should
make health care our top priority. Our
doctors and nurses work hard for the
health of the community but, as we all
know, there is always a great need for
better equipment and more facilities for
our growing population.
Yours faithfully
___________________________
Dear Sir/MadamAs an electrical engineer, I help maintainthe local electricity supply, and I can tellyou that we need to make the system ourmost important priority. It was built for amuch smaller population many years ago,and we now need to expand it and bringit up to date.Yours faithfully___________________________
Dear Sir/Madam
I have always worked in education, and I
feel sure that this is the area which
should be our number one priority. Our
teachers try hard to give our young
people the best possible start in life, but
as the numbers of young people continue
to rise, we need ever more trained people,
equipment and classrooms.
Yours faithfully
___________________________
Say what problem all three letter writers face. (1 mark)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2
a
b
c
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Say who might say these things. Writetheir names. (4 marks)
1 ________________________ ‘In my work, it’s
extremely important to get to the scene of
the accident quickly and to give the casualty
appropriate first aid as soon as possible.’
2 ________________________ ‘We check cables all
the time and do everything we can to avoid
power failures since these cause so many
problems. Without energy, factories can’t
produce, office equipment can’t work and
families can’t even cook!’
3 ________________________ ‘We need to
communicate all day every day with our
offices in New York, London and Tokyo. We
exchange huge amounts of electronic data,
and so we have to have the most modern IT
systems.’
4 ________________________ ‘For me, the best
times are when I’ve successfully taught my
students something so that they’ve
understood it and become excited by this
new piece of knowledge.’
Find words that help you connect whatyou know about these people and what theysay. Write three words or phrases for eachperson. (4 marks)
1 ______________ ______________ ______________
2 ______________ ______________ ______________
3 ______________ ______________ ______________
4 ______________ ______________ ______________
II Writing (10 minutes – 10 marks)
Write your own short letter to theCouncil. Argue for one of the followingpriorities. You can use ideas and languagefrom letters a–c. Finish by signing it with yourname.
Priorities
1 New waste recycling facilities
2 Better telecommunications services
3 Road construction and repairs
4 Better water supply system
5
4
3
I Reading (15 minutes – 14 marks)
Part 3 Academic (30 minutes – 28 marks)
What will the world be like in 2025? Nobody
can be sure, but present trends are worrying.
By 2025, there will be over eight billion humans.
And we will be making heavy demands on the
Earth’s resources of food, water, fossil fuels and
other raw materials.
Some will be getting rarer. Most importantly, we
will have used well over half the world’s oil
reserves. Production will be declining, and this
once-cheap energy source will be very
expensive.
That might be good news. Less oil consumption
could lead to fewer carbon emissions, and this
might weaken the greenhouse effect which,
many scientists say, is already here. If, by 2025,
we have managed partly to replace oil with
renewable energy sources such as wind and
power from the sun, we could be moving
slowly towards a cleaner, greener world.
However, this benefit may be lost due partly to
the fast-expanding economies of China, India
and other newly industrialising countries. Their
expansion is being powered largely by an even
more polluting fuel than oil: coal. Unless the
disastrous emissions are controlled, global
environmental problems will increase.
The great dangers are global warming and
climate change. Scientists warn that some
regions will become drier, while others become
wetter or experience more violent weather.
Moreover, global warming means higher sea
levels as oceans warm and expand and as land
ice melts into the sea.
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Further effects follow. Deserts will expand – just
when we need more farmland to feed
ourselves. Moreover, the world’s coasts will
slowly flood. And as most humans live near the
sea, many will become refugees.
Nearly all scientists now accept that these
changes are very real and are already
happening. Most governments do, too.
However, international action is difficult to
agree. Meanwhile, environmental experts fear
that time is running out.
Ordinary people can help, though. We can all
reduce consumption of energy and goods and
cut waste by reusing, repairing and recycling as
much as possible. If enough people do enough,
the world may just avoid the worst dangers of
global warming during the 21st century.
Read the text and answer the followingin brief notes. (9 marks)
1 Big demands on resources, which include:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
c __________________________________________
d __________________________________________
2 Effects on oil – (a) price, and (b) use:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
3 Possible result of less use of oil:
______________________________________________
4 Two newly industrialising countries:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
5 Probable results of greater use of coal:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
6 Two dangerous effects of these results:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
7 Effects on (a) deserts, and (b) coasts:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
1
8 Problems these will cause humans:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
9 Things ordinary people can do to help
reduce the dangers:
a __________________________________________
b __________________________________________
by __________________________________________
__________________________________________
Answer these questions. (5 marks)
1 Thinking about the picture, what title do you
suggest for the text? (1 mark)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 Looking into the future, does the writer seem
(a) optimistic, (b) pessimistic or (c) a mixture
of both? Explain. (2 marks)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3 Do you agree or disagree with the writer?
Explain. (2 marks)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
II Writing (15 minutes – 14 marks)
Write about your life in the comingyears. In paragraph 1, say what you think yourworld – family, friends and community – willbe like. In paragraph 2, say what you hope youwill do during your life.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3
2
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_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Literature
Answer the questions.
Unit 1
At the party there were arguments for and
against the death penalty. State the argument
for or against that seemed to you to be the
strongest.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Unit 2
Which, in your opinion, were (a) the worst
period and (b) the happiest point of the
lawyer’s years of imprisonment? Explain.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Unit 3
Contrast the banker’s thoughts about the
prisoner’s future and the way the prisoner
actually appeared on his last night of
imprisonment.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
1
Part 4 (10 minutes – 12 marks)
Unit 4
At the end, how did (a) the prisoner, and (b) the
banker feel about themselves? Explain.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Unit 5
What is the central truth that Keats is telling us
in ‘I had a dove’?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Which seems to you the most important ‘if’ in
Kipling’s poem? Explain.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Unit 6
If you had been in Frost’s situation, which road
would you have taken? Explain.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
What does Harrison mean when he says
‘… freedom is not free’?
________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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Practice Test 2B Ah, but wait. Mr Barakat’s phone
(8) ____________ now.
A Oh, great! Thanks. … Hello. Mr Barakat? …
II Listening (10 minutes – 15 marks)
Listen and mark tag questions that rise ( ) and fall ( ). (3marks)
1 She comes from Hebron, doesn’t she? ______
2 He isn’t very well, is he? ______
3 You can’t lift that by yourself, can you? ______
4 We will get there on time, won’t we? ______
5 They really shouldn’t behave like
that, should they? ______
6 I hope you agreed to make the
changes. You did, didn’t you? ______
Look at the picture, listen and answerthese questions. (4 marks)
4
3
I Speaking (5 minutes – 10 marks)
Decide what you should say in thesesituations. Tick (4) the correct box. (2 marks)
1 You are answering a customer’s phone call.
a Hello. Who are you?
b Yes. What do you want?
c Good morning. How can I help you?
2 You want to disagree with someone in a
formal discussion.
a No, that’s stupid. The situation is
completely different.
b No, I wouldn’t really say that. In my ,
opinion the situation is quite different.
c Wrong, wrong, wrong! You’re totally
wrong about the situation.
Supply the missing parts in thefollowing dialogue. (8 marks)
A (1) ____________ I ____________ Mr Barakat,
please?
B I’ll (2) ____________ you ____________ to him
now.
A Thank you.
B … I’m (3) ____________ , ____________ is busy.
A Oh, no! I really need to tell him something.
B Would (4) ____________ hold?
A Mm, well no, I (5) ____________ to go a
meeting now.
B In that case, (6) ____________ me ____________
a message?
A I’m not sure. It’s a bit complicated.
B Well, I can ask him to (7) ____________ if
____________ .
A Thanks. Perhaps he could call this
afternoon.
2
1
Part 1 (40 minutes – 60 marks)
Ý
Ý
1 Who are the speakers, and how do they
know each other?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2 What is going to happen?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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Match the phrasal verb parts and use them in their correct forms to complete the sentences.(Be careful: some of the parts can form more then one phrasal verb.) (5 marks)
1 Khalid always keeps trying. He never __________ __________ .
2 The boys __________ __________ the whole task without any mistakes.
3 We’ve been working hard since last year, and now we’ve finally succeeded in __________ the old
building __________ a lovely home.
4 Please stop being so unpleasant to us. It’s __________ me __________ .
5 When she first arrived, she was very upset, but she gradually __________ __________ and began to
say what had happened.
Complete the sentences with two words from the same word family. (5 marks)
1 Of course you can believe her. She’s a very _______________ person. In fact, I don’t think she’s ever
said or done anything _______________ in her whole life! (honest)
2 Mariam is a great _______________ . She always _______________ events like class trips. (organisation)
3 We must never stop _______________ – even when things look bad and completely _______________ .
(hope)
4 If you’re going to _______________ for the job, you must remember to send in your _______________
before March 15th. (applicant)
5 The driver knew that he had acted _______________ by driving so fast. Later, he took _______________
for the damage and paid for it. (responsible)
Choose five appropriate connectors from the box to complete the paragraph. (5 marks)
(1) ____________ the first TV pictures were sent by satellite in the 1960s, satellite TV did not enter most
people’s homes until much later. Today, (2) ____________ , it is common for people to receive 50, 100
although and but even if finally however in spite of moreover or whereas
8
7
down down into out up
calm carry get give turn
6
Mark’s travel details
Depart Sydney: Date: (1) ________________
Depart London: Date: (2) ________________
Time: (3) ________________ Flight: (4) ________________
Arrive Gaza: Time: (5) ________________
Depart Gaza: Date: (6) ________________
Sameer’s contact details
Mobile: (7) ________________
E-mail: (8) ________________
Listen again and complete Mark’s travel details. (? marks)5
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(3) ____________ even several hundred channels. (4) ____________ , it is even possible to get your
favourite TV programme from home (5) ____________ you now live on the other side of the world.
IV Language (15 minutes – 20 marks)
Choose a, b, c or d. (10 marks)
1 ____________ answer the letter soon, it’ll be too late.
a If you b When you c Unless you d Not if you
2 Here’s an idea. What about Omar ____________ you this afternoon?
a to meet b meet c meets d meeting
3 Would you like me to ask her ____________ you back?
a to call b calling c called d call
4 My birthday is ____________ March 15th.
a on b at c in d by
5 Ramallah is ____________ the north of Jerusalem.
a in b from c to d on
6 To get to the other side of the city, it’s better to drive round it instead of ____________
the middle, which would take hours!
a in b over c towards d through
7 New York has always been a place _______________ dynamic and full of energy.
a who is b is c that is d which being
8 There’s _______________ I was telling you about.
a boys b the boy c a boy d some boys
9 I think this book is ____________________________ the other one.
a more interesting than b the most interesting of
c interestinger than d more interesting as
10 Salwa’s really ill. I think __________________________________________ .
a we quickly should call the doctor b we should call quickly the doctor
c we should call the doctor quickly d quickly we should call the doctor
Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets. (10 marks)
1 Please remember to buy some milk. (forget)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 The bridge is 872 metres long. (length)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Where did she go? (I must find out)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Do you know the way to the library? (Huda asked me)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 Both of us can come to your party this evening. (Peter and Mary told Sue)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
10
9
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I Reading (10 minutes – 8 marks)
Part 2 Vocational (20 minutes – 20 marks)
Ramallah News JOBS SECTION Thurs June 13, 20..
THE PALESTINE GLASS COMPANYDue to recent expansion, we wish to fill the following posts.
1 Assistant Production Controller Ref B4252 Secretary, Export Department Ref B451
Duties and responsibilities• Support a team of five who are responsible for our very important international sales.
Qualifications• A good qualification in secretarial skills;• Three years’ experience in an international business environment;• Ability to be accurate and tidy in all areas of work;• Excellent spoken and written Arabic and English.
Applicants should apply in English to Mr H Hamid, Human Resources Manager,PO Box 2498, Nablus by Thursday June 27. Please state the relevant job title andreference number.
52, jenin street
nablus29th june, 20..
palestine glass company
po box 2498nablusdear sirI would like to apply for
the job in the
newspaper (ref 415).
I graduated from high school three years ago,
and I have worked as a sales assistant at
the nablus general goods store since the
n.
I look forward to hearing from you.
yours faithfully
jameela al magrabi
69, Qalqiliah RoadNablusJune 14, 20..Mr H Hamid
Human Resources ManagerThe Palestine Glass CompanyPO Box 2498Dear Mr HamidJob applicationI am writing to apply for the post of Secretary,Export Department (Ref B415), which wasadvertised in the Ramallah News yesterdayJune 13.I graduated from Nablus Business College inSecretarial and IT Studies two years ago, andsince then I have been a junior secretary withInternational Data Corporation (Palestine),where the two working languages are Arabicand English. With this excellent experience, Ibelieve that I am now well qualified for thechallenge of the job that you are advertising.I enclose my CV, and I look forward to hearingfrom you in due course.Yours sincerelyN BadawiNadia Badawi
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Do these tasks. (3 marks)
1 Match the second section of the advert to the correct job. (Write the job reference.)
_________________________________________________________________________________
2 Note where the advert appeared.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3 Write the date that it appeared.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4 Write the closing date for applications.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5 Note the name of the person applicants must write to.
_________________________________________________________________________________
6 Note the company’s PO Box number.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Say which of the above points (if any) Jameela Al Magrabi dealt with correctly. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Comment on other problems with Jameela’s application. (Think about points underQualifications in the advert.) (3 marks)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Say what problems there are (if any) with Nadia Badawi’s application. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
II Writing (10 minutes – 12 marks)
You are Mr Hamid’s PA. Write back to one of the applicants, refusing the application politelybut briefly. (Do not write the addresses.) (5 marks)
Paragraph 1 Say thank you for the application , mentioning the job and reference number.
Paragraph 2 Begin like this: We are sorry to say that we canot take your application forwardbecause ... (Give one reason.)
Paragraph 3 Thank the applicant again – for her interest in the company and the job.
5
4
3
2
1
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Write back to the other applicant, offering an interview. (Do not write the addresses.) (7 marks)
Paragraph 1 (As in Letter 1)
Paragraph 2 Begin like this: We are very pleased to be able to invite you to ... (Go on to offer an
interview time and date.)
Paragraph 3 Ask the applicant to contact you if there are any problems.
Paragraph 4 Finish politely, starting like this: We look forward to ...
6
_____________________
__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
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I Reading (15 minutes – 14 marks)
We live at a unique point in history. On the one
hand, we face many problems. Some – hunger,
disease, poverty and injustice – are old ones.
Others – above all climate change – are largely
man-made. On the other hand, science and
technology have given us the power to shape
the future of the planet. In fact, we have
reached the point when we must decide what
kind of world our *great-grandchildren will
have. We can either leave them a better one or,
perhaps, a much worse one. The choice is ours,
and this is a huge responsibility.
We are also going through uniquely rapid
changes that are both exciting and frightening.
Modern satellite telecommunications are
shrinking the world and bringing it to our TV
screens, and globalisation is bringing products
from around the world into our shops at ever-
cheaper prices. However, the TV pictures are
often ugly, and a major side-effect of
globalisation is industrial destruction and
unemployment in many countries.
This storm of good and bad extends to other
areas such as medicine. Doctors are constantly
making new discoveries, and basic health care
is now available to more people than ever
before. Yet deadly diseases are also killing more
people every year. Several thousand children
die of malaria each day in Africa, while over 40
million people are now HIV positive and face
death from AIDS. The war against these killers
continues.
The dangers and difficulties we face are
enormous but so, too, are the opportunities.
Optimists believe that we really can win
through to a calmer, brighter future. But we can
only do this if we start using our skills and
intelligence much better than we have in the
past.
First, we must realise that we are all in this
together. We have to work together as one
human nation, sharing land and resources fairly.
We also need to strengthen organisations that
bring us together. These must allow everyone
to feel included, to feel that they too are free to
build a good life for themselves, their families
Part 3 Academic (30 minutes – 30 marks)
and communities. With our united energy and
intelligence, we can then surely achieve that
better world for our great-grandchildren.
*our children’s children’s children
Read the text and explain the followingphrases. (8 marks)
Paragraph 1
1 man-made
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2 shape the future of the planet
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3 a huge responsibility
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Paragraph 2
4 uniquely rapid changes
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5 shrinking the world
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Paragraph 3
6 the war against these killers
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1
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Paragraph 5
7 we are all in this together
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8 a good life
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Answer these questions. (7 marks)
1 What title do you suggest for the text?
(1 mark)
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2 What is the connection between
globalisation and ‘unemployment in many
countries’? (2 marks)
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3 What connection is there between the last
paragraph and the letters in the designs at
the end of the text? (2 marks)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4 You have read about the optimistic view of
the future. Say briefly what a pessimist might
expect the future to be like. (2 marks)
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II Writing (15 minutes – 14 marks)
Write an informal personal letter to yourgreat-grandchildren.
In paragraph 1, introduce yourself to them,
saying how old you are at the time of writing
this letter to them, and that you hope that they
will read this letter at the same age.
In paragraph 2, explain something about the
problems of life today for the world in general
and for Palestinians in particular.
In paragraph 3, describe what you and other
Palestinians of your age hope to do in order to
build a better future for Palestine.
3
2
In paragraph 4, briefly describe the better life that
you hope your great-grandchildren will have.
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Literature
Answer the questions.
Unit 7
What is the main idea in Wilcox’s poem
‘Solitude’? (1 mark)
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1
Part 4 (10 minutes – 12 marks)
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What is the main idea in Babcock’s poem ‘Be
Strong’? (1 mark)
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Unit 8
What is the big difference between the way
that (a) Goneril and Regan, and (b) Cordelia
speak about their love for their father? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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What terrible mistake does Lear make as a
result of his daughters’ words? (1 mark)
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Unit 9
What evil plan does Edmund start to carry out
in Act 1 and continue to do so in Act 2?
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
By the end of Act 2, what has Lear realised
about Goneril and Regan? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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Unit 10
How does Gloucester show that he is a good
man in Act 3? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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How does Edmund show that he is even more
evil than we have already seen in Acts 1 and 2?
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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Unit 11
How does Lear’s life change for the better in
Act 4? (2 marks)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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Unit 12
How are we given hope of a happy ending
towards the end of Act 5? (1 mark)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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How is that hope destroyed at the end?
(1 mark)
_________________________________________________
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be was/were beenbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbend bent bentbite bit bittenbleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdeal (with) dealt dealtdie died dieddig dug dugdive dived diveddo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamtdrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforecast forecast forecastforesee foresaw foreseenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozenget got gotgive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang hung hunghave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledlean leaned/leant leaned/leantlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let let
lie lay lainlie lied liedlight lit litlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metoverhear overheard overheardoversleep overslept oversleptpay paid paidprove proved provedput put putread read readrebuild rebuilt rebuiltrewrite rewrote rewrittenride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew sewed sewnshake shook shakenshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow showed shownshrink shrank shrunkshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank sunksit sat satsleep slept sleptsmell smelled/smelt smelled/smeltspeak spoke spokenspell spelled/spelt spelled/speltspend spent spentspill spilled/spilt spilled/spiltspread spread spreadstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenstick stuck stuckstrike struck struckswiri swam swumswing swang swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understoodwake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written
Irregular verbs
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Capital letter(A, B, C, etc)
Full stop (.)
Question mark (?)
Exclamation mark (!)
Comma (,)
Apostrophe (’)
Colon (:)
Semi-colon (;)
Hyphen (-)
Quotation Marks (‘…’)
Brackets (…)
Dash (–)
1st letter of a sentence
1st letter of names of places, nationalities,organizations, etc (see Unit 5, page 34)
book/film/TV programme titles, etc
for abbreviations
at the end of a sentence
(sometimes) after an abbreviation
in amounts of money
in decimal figures
in e-mail & website addresses
after a direct question
to show surprise, etc
between adjectives and other things in lists
to divide two parts of a long sentence(each with main verbs)
to separate extra information from themain part of a sentence
before or after a name
before a tag question
to show missing lettersNote! it’s = it is/it has, not a possessive.
to show possessivesNote! with s endings: s’
to introduce a section or a list
to separate two closely connected sen-tences – instead of a full stop
to join two words
to divide a word at the end of a line
to mark spoken words
to focus on words
to separate extra information from themain part of a sentence
to show references to related informa-tion
like Brackets Use 1, but less formal
to mean to
This is your book
Ramallah, Palestinian, the UnitedNations
Star Wars
the UN, UNESCO
This is your book.
The U.N., Mr. Roberts, 1st. Nov.
€2.50 (read: two Euros fifty)
10.12 (read: ten point one two)
[email protected] (read: esmith-at-aol-dot-org)
Did you see it?
That’s fantastic!
Get a pen, a book and some paper.It was a dark, cold, wet night.He got up, turned round, looked andthen laughed.
We arrived early, but the others camemuch later.
Hebron, which is a very ancient city, liessouth of Jerusalem.
Ali, let’s go. Let’s go, Ali.
He’s finished, hasn’t he?
You’ll do it, won’t you?It’s a beautiful baby. Have you decidedits name?
This is Mahmoud’s bike.James’ bike, the boys’ bikes
Section 3: Things to bring: tent, cooker,pans, boots, etc
We arrived at 9.00; it was raining againas usual!
It’s a well-made machine.
I’ve read about the compli-cated history of Palestine.
‘We can win!’ he shouted.
Peter Davies (1926–2003) was born inNorth London and went to school at …
Collect more ideas about energy (see Unit 9)
The pen – his, not hers
The Amman– Beirut flight
Uses Examples
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