29 CFR 1910 SUBPART O

Machine Guarding

OSHA’s Most Cited Serious Violations in General Industry : FY 2007Standard #Cited $Penalty Description

04 19100147 4,110 $4,179,992.00lockout/tagout

09 19100212 2,832 $3,588,784.00General requirements for all machines

14 19100219 1,884 $1,184,518.00Mechanical power-transmission apparatus

18 19100215 1,566 $620,760.00Abrasive wheel machinery

35 19100213 892 $587,495.00Woodworking machinery

50 19100242 587 $362,474.00Hand and portable powered tools and equipment

51 19100217 559 $597,741.00Mechanical power presses

12,430 $11,121,764.00

Montana Public Sector Citations:CY 2008Standard # Cited

19100215 Abrasive wheels 63

19100212 General Requirements 35

19100219 Power transmission 16

19100213 Woodworking 14

128

Subpart O Sections

• 1910.211 Definitions• 1910.212 General requirements for all machines• 1910.213 Woodworking machinery requirements• 1910.215 Abrasive wheel machinery• 1910.216 Mills and calenders - rubber & plastics

industries • 1910.217 Mechanical power presses • 1910.218 Forging machines • 1910.219 Mechanical power transmission apparatus

General Requirements for All Machines

1910.212

General Requirements1910.212(a)(1)

• Provide one or more methods of machine guarding o Protect operator and other employees in machine

area from hazards created by point of operation Ingoing nip points Rotating parts Flying chips Sparks Etc.

General Requirements: 1910.212(a)(2)• Guards must be

o Affixed to the machine where possibleo Secured elsewhere if attachment is not possibleo May not present hazard in itself

Point of Operation Must Be Guarded1910.212(a)(3)

• Point of Operationo Operator inserts or manipulates stock

Cutting, shaping, or forming o Material is positioned & work is performed

Shearing, punching, forming, or assembling.o All other points which may offer a hazard to operator or

others in area

Point of operation: work is actually performed upon the material being processed

General Requirements1910.212(a)(4)

• Revolving drums, barrels, and containerso Guard by enclosure interlocked with drive

mechanism

INTERLOCKING GATES

General Requirements1910.212(a)(5)• Guard fan blades

o Periphery of blades is less than 7' above the floor or working level

o Maximum guard openings - 1/2 inch

YESNO

General Requirements1910.212(b)• Machines designed for a fixed location

o Securely anchor

Guarding Requirements:Short Definition

• If it moves and can be reachedoGuard it!

Rotating Parts & Nip Points

Nip Points

Montana Occupational Safety & Health Training Institute

Big, Nasty Pinch Point

Actions

Actions

Horizontal & Vertical Standards

• 1910.212 o A general, or horizontal, standard o Applies to all machines not specifically mentioned

elsewhere in Subpart O• Other sections are specific or vertical

o Apply to particular types of machines e.g., Section 1910.213 applies to woodworking machinery

WOOD CUTTING BAND

SAW FALLS UNDER

1910.213

METAL CUTTING BAND

SAW FALLS UNDER

1910.212

Wood Working Machines

1910.213

Woodworking Machines: 1910.213• Free from sensible vibration when

o The largest size tool is mountedo Machine is run idle at full speed

• Firmly secure equipment

Guard: 1910.213(a)(9)

• Guard All belts, pulleys, gears, shafts, and moving parts according to 1910.219

Machine Controls: 1910.213(b)(1)• Operator must be able to cut off the power from

each machine without leaving position at the point of operation

Machine Controls: 1910.213(b)(3)• Prevent machines from automatically restarting

upon restoration of power

Special Hand Tools• Used for placing and removing material • Permit easy handling of material without operator

placing hand in danger zone• Are not substitutes for other required guarding

o Supplemental protectiono Not limited to woodworking

Hand Feeding Tools

Foot Pedals: 1910.213(b)(6)

• Treadle to be protected against unexpected or accidental tripping

• Feeder attachments to be covered or guardedo Feed rolls o Other moving parts

• Also found under Power Presses

Foot Pedals• Must be protected to prevent unintended operation

o From falling or moving objectso By accidental stepping onto the pedalo Prevent bypassing

• Attach non-slip pad firmly to the pedal

Machine Guarding - Saws

Band Saws & Band Resaws

• Bladeso Enclose or guard all portions of the saw blade

Except for the working portion of the blade between the bottom of the guide rolls and the table

o Guard portion of blade between the sliding guide and the upper saw wheel guard Protect saw blade at front and outer side Self‑adjusting to raise and lower with the guide

Band Saws & Band Resaws• Fully encase band saw wheels

o Solid outside peripheryo Front and back enclosed by

Solid material or By wire mesh or perforated metal

Band Saw

Band Saw Guard

Lathes: 1910.213(o)

• Lathes used for turning long pieces of wood stock held only between the two centers o Equip with long curved guards extending over the tops

of the lathes To prevent the work pieces from being

thrown out of the machines

Transparent Guard on Lathe

Lathe Guards

DRILL PRESS

Drill Press

Lathe

Drill Press

Multi Use Guards

Adjustable Slide Shields

SANDING MACHINES: 1910.213(p)• Belt sanding machines

o Provide with guards at each nip point where the sanding belt runs on to a pulley

• Guards to effectively prevent hands or fingers from coming in contact with nip points

• Unused run of sanding belt to be guarded against accidental contact

Sanding Machines

Belt Sander

Belt Sander Upper Guard -

Left Side Mount

Belt Sander

Take out of Service!

Inspection & Maintenance of Woodworking Machinery: 1910.213(s)

• Immediately remove from service o Dull, badly set, improperly filed, or improperly tensioned

saws • Maintain cleanliness around woodworking

machinery • Provide push sticks or other hand feeding tools

Abrasive Wheel Machinery

1910.215

ABRASIVE WHEEL MACHINERY: 1910.215(a)(2)

General requirements• Guards must cover

o The spindle endo Nuto Flange projections

ABRASIVE WHEEL MACHINERY: 1910.215

Excluded machinery• Natural sandstone wheels• Metal, wooden, cloth, or paper discs

o With a layer of abrasive on the surface

ABRASIVE WHEEL MACHINERY: 1910.215

• Work Restso Rigid constructiono Maximum opening of 1/8 “o No adjustment with wheel in motion

• Tongue GuardsoHelps keep pieces inside should wheel

shatter o May never exceed 1/4 “

Work Rest

1/8 in.

TongueGuard

1/4 in.

A Shield Does Not Replace the Guards

FLANGES

• All abrasive wheels must always mounted between flangeso Not be less than 1/3 diameter of the wheel.o Some specific exceptions requiring other %

WHEEL INSPECTIONS

• Closely inspect & sound all wheelso Conduct ring test

• Assure no damage • Check spindle speed of the machine before

mounting wheelo Never exceed maximum operating speed marked on

the wheel

RING TEST

• Gently tap wheels with a light nonmetallic implemento The handle of a screwdriver for light wheelso A wooden mallet for heavier wheels

• Tap about 45 degrees each side of the vertical centerline, about 1 or 2” from edge

• Rotate wheel 45 degrees & repeat test

RING TEST• A sound and undamaged wheel will give a clear

metallic tone• If cracked, there will be a dead sound and not a

clear "ring."oDo Not Use

Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus

1910.219

MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS: 1910.219

• Belts• Flywheels• Nip-point belt & pulley guard• Chains & Gears

POWER TRANSMISSION• Prime movers

o Steam, gas, oil, and air engineso Motorso Steam and hydraulic turbineso Other equipment used as a source of power

POWER TRANSMISSION• Cover all types and shapes of power‑transmission

beltso Some specific exceptions

• Guard any part 7 feet or less above floor or platformo Or more

ENCLOSURE GUARDS

Bevel Gear Guards

SHEAVE GUARDS

BELT & PULLEY ENCLOSURE GUARDS

FLYWHEEL GUARDING: 1910.219(b)

• Enclosure of sheet, perforated, or expanded metal, or woven wire

• Guard rails placed not less than 15” nor more than 20” from rimo If flywheel extends into pit or is within 12” of floor,

need a standard toeboard

Flywheel Guards

FLYWHEEL GUARDS

Guarding Shafts: 1910.219(c)

• Protect all exposed parts of horizontal shafting seven (7) feet or less from floor or working platform

Rotating Shafts

Rotating pulley Rotating coupling

Burr

Rotating shaft

ENCLOSURE GUARDS FOR ROTATING MOTION

Projecting Shaft Ends: 1910.219(c)(4)

• Smooth edge and end• May not project more than ½

diameter of shaft, or• Guard by non-rotating caps

or safety sleeves • Fill or cover unused keyways

PULLEY Guarding: 1910.219(d)• Guard any parts 7’ or less from floor or working

platform• Broken pulleys may not be used

o Pulleys with crackso Pieces broken out of rims

Lack of Pulley Guarding

PULLEY GUARDS

OVERHEAD PULEYS & BELTS

Overhead Horizontal

Overhead Traverse

GEARS: 1910.219(f)

• Gearso Completely encloseo Use standard guard at least 7’ high extending 6”

above mesh point of gears

SPROCKETS & CHAINS: 1910.219(f)(3)

• All sprocket wheels and chains must be fully enclosed o Unless more than 7’ above floor

May still be inadequate• If drive extends over other machine or working

areaso Provide protection against falling

KEYS, SETSCREWS, AND OTHER PROJECTIONS: 1910.219(h)

• All projecting keys, set screws, and other projections in revolving parts must be o Removedo Made flush or o Guarded by metal cover

Wood Guards: 1910.219(o)(2)

• Wood guards only allowed ino Woodworking and chemical industrieso Industries where presence of fumes or

manufacturing conditions would cause rapid deterioration of metal guards

o Construction work and in locations outdoors where extreme cold or extreme heat make metal guards and railings undesirable

Guard Types & Requirements

• Presses• Press Brake• Machine Guards