Ref EM-TB2-B3-T

1.3 (Once Through Boilers) 1. (Water Tube Boiler)1.1 (Superheated Steam) 1.2 (Water Tube Package Boilers )

2. (Fire Tube Packaged Boilers) 2,3,4 (Water Back) (Dry Back) 3. (Hot Oil or Thermal Oil Boilers) (Coil) 350 2-5

4. 100o 100o 5. (Waste Heat Boilers)5.1 5.2

.

.

.

.

4. 1. 2. High steam rate3.

5. 1. 2. 3. 4. ,

5. Manual - Auto 1. (Package)2. 3. , 4.

3. 15 ./. 1. 2.

2. (, ) 1.

5. 3. , , , , , , , 1,2,4,5, , , 4.

- / 1. - - Pressure Controller (Pressure Switch)

2. - Electrode -

3. - (Safety Valve)- (Electronic Eye) 4. ---

1.) (Equivalent Evaporation)

1.1 / 100 0 100 0 1 Q = m(hg - hf)

1 =34.5 x hfg =34.5 x 970.3 =33,475.35 Btu/hr1.2 (Boiler Horsepower)1 34.5 212 0 212 0 1

= 550ft . Pound x Btu x 3600Sec Sec. 777.97ft.pound hr= 2545 Btu/hr 1 Boiler Hp= 33475.35= 13 Hp 2545 1.3

Q = m (h1 - h2) = 1000 (85-20) = 65,000 Kcal/hr m = , .. h1 = , 85 0 h2 = , 20 0 2. KJ/hr ; Kcal/hr ; Btu/hr

3. 3.1

3. 3.2

90-95 0 14-14.5 50 0 13-13.5 25 0 12-12.5 3.

4.

5.

: LPG-, 1. / (BURNERS) / (Atomizing) (Mixing) : (Excess Air)

, (Air Diffuser Plate), 2. (1) (Pressure of Mechanical Atomized) Non-Oil Return : ON-OFF ; LF-HF ; LF-MF-HF (TD = 1:1 , 2-3:1) Oil Return : Modulating (TD = 10:1) : 15-20 20-25

2.5-3.0 (2) (LP Air Atomized) (TD = 4-6:1) Individual Control (, ) Proportioning Single Lever () 400-200 ..

(3) (Steam Atomized) (Steam Jet Type) (TD = 6:1) (Intermixing Type) : Steam P. > Oil P. ~ 1.5-2.0 (TD = 10:1)

(4) (Rotary Cup Burner) 2 80 0C () 24 ..

Pressure Atomized : Weishaupt/Monarch, Olympia, Elco Klockner, Bentone, Bentone, Baltur, Riello, Oertli, Nuway, Ray, Henchel, Wanson (Thermo Pac) etc. Air Atomized : Cleaver Brooks, Kewanee, Yorkshipley, Ray, Hauwk etc. Steam Atomized : IHI, Takuma, Kure etc. Rotary Cup : Saacke, Hamworthy, MP.Boiler, Sunray, Ray etc.4.

* , : , 5. 50-60% (Flame) (Radiation)* : () (Combustion Chamber/Flue Tube)* : (Flame Tubes) Radiant tubes.

* , : 5. (Flue Gas) Heat Exchanger, * : (Smoke Tubes)* : (), Convection Tubes, Economiser, Air Heater

SO3, Acid Smut / Stack Solid (Oil ash + soot) 6. ( ) ( ) ()

6. (Acid Dew Point) * Air Heater *

( )7. (Soot)

* 8. * (Smoke)* (Soot)* (CO)

- 9. (Coke Deposit) - + - 6,7 , 10. Acid Smut / Stack Solid () - () + + -

- NOx (Photochemical Smog) 11. (Pollution) SOx : , , - - (Desulfurization) NOx

4. (Down-Time Losses)1. (Stack Losses) (Sensible Heat Losses) 1.1 (Excess Air)1.2 (Stack Temperature)2. (Radiation Losses)3. (Blow Down Losses ) 0.5-3.0%

= 14.5:1 () 4 / 80,000 16 /, 26 / () 80,000/(16x26) = 192 / 90oC

= 192 x14.5 = 2,784 ../. = 2.8 /. = 2.8/4.0x100 = 70%

5. Low Fire, Medium Fire High Fire High Fire Medium Fire Low Fire (Combustion Efficiency)1. % CO2 % O2 % 2. 3. 1 2 % 4. = 100 - %

(1) %

(2) %

(3) % 1000C 5.5% 6.5% (Boiler Efficiency)

4. (Gross) = 100 - (1) - (2) - (3)

5. (Net) = 100 - (1) - (2) (Boiler Efficiency)

6 /.. CO2 = 12.5% 250C% 27.0% 10.6% 1.5% 5.5% -% 17.6

(GROSS) = 100-17.6 = 82.4% (NET) = 10.6 (GROSS) = 10.6 X 82.4 = 87.3 % 1% 1%

3 /. 2 /.

( Carry over) O2 CO2 (Condensate Return Lines)

O2 CO2 (Deaerator) (Make Up)

Priming or Carry Over () (Wet steam) 1. 2. (overload)3. (Total Dissolved Solid) (Solid) (Oil)

Foaming (Solids) (TDS)

Foaming Priming (Alkalinity) (Costic Soda) (TDS) (Solids)

2

1. (Bottom Blow Down) (Intermittent Blow Down) 2. (Surface Blow Down) (TDS) (Continuous Blow Down) Dearerator Deaerator

(TDS) (Solids) Make Up (Steam Header) (Carry over)

18 (.. 2528) ..2512

1.

1.1 (Safety Valve) 2 15 1.2 (Stop Valve) 1.3 (Pressure Gauge) 100

1.4 (Feed Water Pump) 1.5

1.5 (Check Valve)

1.6 (Main Steam Valve)

1.7 2 (Check Valve) (Mian Steam Valae)

1.8 (Pressure Control) (Water Level Control)

1.9 (Automatic Alarm)

1.10

1.11 (valve)

1.12 3

1.13 (Blow Down Valve)

2. 1 3. (Operator)

4. 5. (Operator)

6. (Operator) 30

7. 90

1. 1.1 (Safety Valve)1.2 (Fusibie Plug) . (Inside Type) . (Outside Type) . (Fuse Alarm)

1.3 (Water Level Control) (1) (Float Type) (2) (Electrode) (3) (Rthermostatic Expansion) 1.4 (Automatic Alarm) 1.5 (Pressure Control Switch) 1.6 (Access Door)

2. 1. 2. 3. (Safety Valve) 4. (Scale) 5.