2d image based made to measure system for online apparel stores supervised by : dr.ravindra s....
TRANSCRIPT
2D Image based made to 2D Image based made to measure system for online measure system for online
apparel storesapparel stores
Supervised by : Dr.Ravindra S. GoonetillekeSupervised by : Dr.Ravindra S. Goonetilleke
Presented by : Channa P. Witana Presented by : Channa P. Witana
Preliminary Study,Preliminary Study,
Final Year Project 2003 : Customized E-Commerce for Shirt Final Year Project 2003 : Customized E-Commerce for Shirt MakingMaking
Hung Chi Yuen, Kwok Yin Hang & Wong Chi LeungHung Chi Yuen, Kwok Yin Hang & Wong Chi Leung
Outline
• Introduction
• Methodology– Participants
– Anthropometric dimensions
– Manual Measurements
– 2D Image based measurements
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgement
• Q & A
Introduction
Introduction
• “In United States, Online apparel sales exceeded $ 1 billion in 1999 and are expected to skyrocket to over $22 billion by 2004 ”
(Forrester Research, 1999)
• Number of apparel sold over the Internet is less than 1% of all apparel sold in the US
(Beck, 2000)
• Significantly lower demand than the other online consumer goods (e.g. books & music)
(Beck 2000)
Why Didn’t they buy Apparel Online?• A study by E-BuyersGuide.comE-BuyersGuide.com (Jan 2000)
– Approximately, 1000 consumers were surveyed.
Unsure of accurate sizing 27.95%
Returning item could be a problem 18.17%
Unsure of quality 13.92%
Delivery costs 13.71%
Price 8.61%
Credit Card security 6.48%
Unsure of items exact color 5.84%
Unable to access right information 3.29%
Difficult site navigation 2.55%
Other 10.20%
28 %28 %
Sleeve is too short Incorrect shoulder position
Collar is too tight
Sizing Standards & fitting problems
• Fitting problems
Adopted from,
www. suityourself.com (2003)
Made-to-Measure (MTM)
• Garments tailor-made to fit a specific customer’s body shape and preferences.
(Kartsounis, Magnenat-Thalmann & Rodian, 2001)
MTM systems for Online apparel stores
• Customer’s body dimensions– Access to the essential dimensions
(send by the customer / measured by the online shop keeper)– Accuracy of the dimensions
• Customer’s preferences– Type of fit– Dress designs– Color– other
Online customer’s measurements
Current methods• Provide necessary instructions to the customer for taking their
body measurements and upload the measurements
• Provide a range of body dimensions and shapes to build an
online virtual model of the customer
Our approach
A 2D image based anthropometric measurement system offers an alternative to traditional 3D clothing sizing
(Meunier and Yin, 2000)
• Similar concept can be used to measure online customers.
Objective
• Design a simple, convenient and economical
measurement system that will facilitate MTM for online
apparel retailing and its performance evaluation.
Methodology
Participants
• Twenty (20) Hong Kong Chinese males
(Staff & students at
HKUST)
• Age range – 20 to 38 years (mean = 24 years)
• Height range – 161 to 180 cm
• Weight range – 46 to 86 kg
Anthropometric dimensionsBack viewFront view
(Meunier and Yin, 2000) and Clothing Industry Training Authority, Hong Kong
Manual measurements
• Used conventional cloth tape measure with 1 mm precision.
• Sound measuring strategy– Constant pulling force on the measuring tape– Constant exerted force on the body while measuring– Correct landmarks
more details
2D Image based measurements
• Image analysis process
Circumference Measurements
Linear Measurements
Extract 2 Dimensional measurements
Extract 2 Dimensional measurements
Convert to 3 Dimensional
measurements Data Output StorageP
ictu
re S
calin
g a
ccord
ing
to t
he
Refe
ren
ce O
bje
ctFront View
Side View
Back View
Results
Results (1)
• Manual and 2D Image based measurement comparison results (cm) N = 20
Results (2)
• Mean Error and Standard Deviation for all subjects
• Error = 2D Image based measurement – Manual measurement
Mean
Std. dev
ANOVA for each Dimension (1)
ANOVA for each Dimension (2)
P < 0.05
P < 0.05
Discussion
Discussion (1)
• According to the statistical analysis, two methods (Manual and 2D image based) have no significant difference for measurements, except Waist to Hip Length (WH) and Chest Girth (CG).
• WH measurement variation – visibility of the landmarks
• CG measurement variation –
Continuous changes of body shape around the chest during inhaling and exhaling.
Hip point is not visible Hip point is visible
Discussion (2)
• Circumferential measurements considered as an Ellipse or a combination of an Ellipse and a rectangle. – These shapes may not be suitable for all the populations
– Further investigations to verify external validity
• Accuracy of the measuring system depends on the landmark location and the reference object.
Landmarks – Wear thin long sleeve t-shirt with horizontal and vertical stripes at known uniform distance
Reference object – Customer’s printouts may not be in 1:1 scale.( not exactly 15 cm x 15 cm square)
– Customer can send measured value of the printed reference object.
Discussion (3)
• The concept of this 2D image based system is somewhat similar to the methodology proposed by Meunier et al, 2000.
• Customer can capture their pictures at a convenient place (at home etc.) with their own equipments (cameras, printers etc.)
• The proposed system could be cheaper, accurate and convenient compared to the existing methods for online MTM apparels .
Conclusion
Conclusion
• Proposed 2D image based system can provide anthropometric measurements that are similar to the manual tape measurements.
• Further investigation may required to increase the accuracy on WH and CG measurements and to verify the external validity of the findings.
• The impact is expected to be quite significant for the online apparel industry due to the simplicity and the productivity of the approach proposed by this study.
Acknowledgement
• Special thanks to :
Hung Chi YuenHung Chi Yuen
Kwok Yin Hang Kwok Yin Hang
Wong Chi LeungWong Chi Leung
Thank You !Thank You !
Details on Body measurements
Neck front to waist 前腰長
Back length 後腰長
Armhole depth 袖圈深度 Cross shoulder over neck 肩濶
CITA, HK (2002)
Picture Scaling
• Reference object
• Convert the picture in to Actual scale
15 cm
15
cm
15 cm Actual Value of the dimension
Length of the square in the photo Length of the dimension in the photo
Circumference Measurements
• Neck Circumference (HK Chinese)– Cross sectional shape of the neck fitted to an Ellipse.
– Values of Major & Minor axes from front & side views
Front Front ViewView
Side Side ViewView
Major
Minor
Circumference Measurements
• Chest Girth (HK Chinese)– Cross sectional shape of the Chest
Back Side
Front Side
Chest thickness
Chest Width
Linear Measurements
• Arm Length (HK Chinese)
Making the Model (www.myvirtualmodel.com,2003)
Virtual try on (www.myvirtualmodel.com,2003)
Paired T-Test
• Manual & 2D Image based measuring methods
Dimensions T – Value P – Value
NW 0.59 0.563
BL 0.34 0.737
AH 0.23 0.820
CS 0.38 0.711
AL 0.22 0.831
WH 5.50 0.000*
CG 2.26 0.036*
NC -1.96 0.065
WC -1.46 0.161
PC 0.87 0.395
Interface