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2nd Grade

Biodiversity and Humans

2015-11-23

www.njctl.org

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Table of Contents

· Biodiversity

Click on the topic to go to that section

· Types of Living Things

· Living Things On Land

· Living Things In The Water

· Biodiversity and Humans

· Ecosystems and Organisms

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Biodiversity

Return to Tableof Contents

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Diversity

When something is diverse, that means it has a large variety or lots of different types of things.

Which picture shows the largest variety of fruits/veggies? Click in the blue box to check your answer.

This picture has the most different types of fruits/veggies. It has the highest diversity of the three pictures.

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DiversityTulips are beautiful flowers that bloom in the spring.

Circle the tulip field that has the highest diversity?

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Bio

Look at the following words:

· Biology· Biography· Biotechnology

What do all of these words have in common?

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Bio

Biology is the study of living things.

A biography is the story of someone's life.

Biotechnology is the use of living things to create useful products.

What do you think "bio" means? Talk about it with a partner.

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Bio

Bio means life. If we combine bio with diversity, we get biodiversity.

What do you think biodiversity means?

Biodiversity is the variety of living things in an area.

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Biodiversity

Which picture shows the highest biodiversity?

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Biodiversity is HealthyAn area with higher biodiversity is healthier than an area with lower biodiversity.

Look at the pictures below. Which is the healthiest area?

Forest with one type of tree.

Forest with many different trees.

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The Earth Has An Abundance of Life!

Our planet has SO MANY organisms. We have not found them all yet! Everyday more organisms are discovered. Maybe one day you can discover a new plant or animal!

Click the leafy sea dragon to watch a video about 25 bizarre animals on Earth.

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1 "Bio" means

A plants

B animals

C all living things

D variety

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1 "Bio" means

A plants

B animals

C all living things

D variety

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C

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2 Which picture has the highest diversity of fruit?

A B C

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2 Which picture has the highest diversity of fruit?

A B C

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B

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3 Earth is healthy when there is low biodiversity.

True

False

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3 Earth is healthy when there is low biodiversity.

True

False

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False

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Biodiversity Collage

Earth has about 8.7 million living things on

it!

Use magazine pictures to create your

own collage of the biodiversity of Earth.

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Types of Living Things

Return to Tableof Contents

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Types of Living Things

Living things can be categorized by the way they get food.

Some living things make

their own food.

Some living things find and eat their food.

Some living things eat dead

plants and animals.

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Producers

Living things that make their own food are called producers. They use the sun to make (produce) their food. This group includes all plants.

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Producers

Review: In what part of a producer is food made?

Click in the box for a hint.

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4 Organisms are organized by ___.

A what they look like

B how they get their food

C if they have wings

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4 Organisms are organized by ___.

A what they look like

B how they get their food

C if they have wings

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B

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5 Producers get food by

A finding it.

B making it themselves.

C breaking down waste.

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5 Producers get food by

A finding it.

B making it themselves.

C breaking down waste.

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B

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6 An example of a producer is a ___.

A cactus

B sheep

C tiger

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6 An example of a producer is a ___.

A cactus

B sheep

C tiger

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A

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7 Plants make food in their ___.

A roots

B stems

C flowers

D leaves

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7 Plants make food in their ___.

A roots

B stems

C flowers

D leaves

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D

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ConsumersLiving things that find food to eat are called consumers. They need to eat (consume) food.

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Consumers

Consumers are organized by what they eat.

Some consumers only eat plants.

Some consumers only eat animals.

Some consumers eat both plants and animals.

What type of consumer are you?

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Herbivores

Animals that only eat plants are called herbivores.

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Omnivores

Animals that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores.

Raccoons, warthogs and badgers eat fruit, bugs, and many other foods.

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Carnivores

Animals that only eat meat from other animals are called carnivores.

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8 Which living thing is not a consumer?

A butterfly

B fish

C tree

D dog

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8 Which living thing is not a consumer?

A butterfly

B fish

C tree

D dog

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C

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9 Manatees eat up to 50 kg of plants every day. Manatees are ___.

A herbivores

B carnivores

C omnivores

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9 Manatees eat up to 50 kg of plants every day. Manatees are ___.

A herbivores

B carnivores

C omnivores

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A

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10 Tigers eat a variety of animals, such as deer, boar and water buffalo. Tigers are ___.

A herbivores

B carnivores

C omnivores

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10 Tigers eat a variety of animals, such as deer, boar and water buffalo. Tigers are ___.

A herbivores

B carnivores

C omnivores

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B

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11 Crows can eat berries, insects and worms. Crows are ___.

A herbivores

B carnivores

C omnivores

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11 Crows can eat berries, insects and worms. Crows are ___.

A herbivores

B carnivores

C omnivores

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C

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Decomposers

Some living things eat dead plants and animals. They are called decomposers. After other organisms die, they break down the remains.

These mushrooms are decomposing an old log.

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Decomposers

Worms, flies, fungi, mold and bacteria are some examples of decomposers.

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Decomposers

Decomposers are very important!

Imagine what the world would look like if all the dead plants and animals were not removed!

Click on the picture to see a video of a

watermelon decomposing.

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As decomposers break down the wastes, they turn it into nutrients in the soil. Decomposers create healthy soil. This helps to create healthy plants.

Decomposers

Earthworms are known for increasing soil health.

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12 Decomposers eat ___.

A plants

B animals

C dead plants and animals

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12 Decomposers eat ___.

A plants

B animals

C dead plants and animals

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C

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13 Decomposers help to keep the soil healthy.

True

False

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13 Decomposers help to keep the soil healthy.

True

False

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True

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Squirmy Wormy Lab

Earthworms are decomposers that live in the soil. What type of soil do they like the best?

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Living Things On Land

Return to Tableof Contents

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Living Things On Land

An ecosystem is an area where plants and animals live and interact with their environment.

Earth is covered with lots of different types of land ecosystems.

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Ecosystems and Organisms

Each ecosystem has producers, consumers and decomposers.

Look at the pictures below. These organisms all live in the forest ecosystem. Label each as a producer, consumer or decomposer.

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Producers on LandOn land, producers can be plants, trees and shrubs.

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Consumers on LandConsumers on land include a variety of animals that are herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.

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Decomposers on Land

Decomposers on land include worms, bacteria and fungi.

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Tropical Rainforest EcosystemThe Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem is a warm, wet climate. It never gets cold enough to freeze. It can rain as much as 2 meters every year!

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Tropical Rainforest EcosystemCan you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers?

Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers

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Savanna EcosystemThe Savanna Ecosystem is also a hot climate. It has periods of lots of rain, followed by many months of little or no rain.

Most of the plants are grasses, with occasional trees.

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Savanna EcosystemCan you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers?

Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers

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Desert Ecosystem

The Desert Ecosystem is a very dry ecosystem. There is very little rain. The temperatures changes from very hot during the day to cold at night.The desert ecosystem has low diversity.

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Desert Ecosystem

Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers

Can you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers?

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14 All ecosystems have producers, consumers and decomposers.

True

False

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14 All ecosystems have producers, consumers and decomposers.

True

False

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True

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15 All decomposers are mushrooms.

True

False

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15 All decomposers are mushrooms.

True

False

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(...but all mushrooms are decomposers)

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16 A hot, dry ecosystem is the ___.

A ocean

B rainforest

C desert

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16 A hot, dry ecosystem is the ___.

A ocean

B rainforest

C desert

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Living Things In the Water

Return to Tableof Contents

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Earth is Covered in Water

The land ecosystems that you learned about cover about 30% of the Earth's surface. If this is true, then how much of the Earth's surface is covered in water?

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Earth is Covered in Water

The land ecosystems that you learned about cover about 30% of the Earth's surface. If this is true, then how much of the Earth's surface is covered in water?

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70%

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About 70% of the Earth is covered in water.

This includes all of the bodies of water that you learned about earlier in the year:

Earth is Covered in Water

Can you name two things about each body of water?

Rivers Oceans

Lakes/ ponds

Glaciers

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Ecosystems that are located in or by the water are called aquatic ecosystems.

Every aquatic ecosystem is filled with producers, consumers and decomposers. Can you guess which category each of these organisms fall into?

Aquatic Ecosystems

Giant kelp Shark Hagfish

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Ecosystems that are located in or by the water are called aquatic ecosystems.

Every aquatic ecosystem is filled with producers, consumers and decomposers. Can you guess which category each of these organisms fall into?

Aquatic Ecosystems

Giant kelp Shark Hagfish

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Shark - consumerHagfish - decomposer

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17 Which is not like the others? (Why?)

A Pond

B Sea

C River

D Lake

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17 Which is not like the others? (Why?)

A Pond

B Sea

C River

D Lake[This object is a pull tab]

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The sea is salt water, the rest are fresh water.

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18 Most of Earth is covered in land.

True

False

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18 Most of Earth is covered in land.

True

False

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False

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Aquatic Producers

Producers in aquatic ecosystems include a variety of plants and algae (seaweed). all of these organisms use the sunlight that reaches through the water to make their own food.

Seagrass Red algae

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Aquatic Plants

Aquatic plants live in the water. They have roots, stems and leaves like land plants.

Water lilies have roots in the bottom soil and a stem that extends to the surface of the water where the leaves and flowers float.

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Algae

Algae is also called seaweed. They lack the structures found in true plants. There are many types of algae.

This algae is living on rocks in a river.

Giant kelp can grow to be 45 meters tall in the ocean!

Diatoms are algae that can only be seen with a microcope.

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19 Aquatic plants are different from algae because they have roots, stems and leaves while algae do not.

True

False

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19 Aquatic plants are different from algae because they have roots, stems and leaves while algae do not.

True

False

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True

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20 ___ need sunlight to make food.

A Algae

B Aquatic plants

C Both A and B.

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20 ___ need sunlight to make food.

A Algae

B Aquatic plants

C Both A and B.

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C

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Aquatic ConsumersHerbivores, omnivores and carnivores are found in all aquatic ecosystems.

What do aquatic herbivores eat?

Algae and plants

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Aquatic carnivores eat other aquatic animals.

Most fish are omnivores - they eat everything they can find.

Aquatic Consumers

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Aquatic Decomposers

˝

Aquatic decomposers include bacteria, fungi, worm, molluscs, and some fish and crustaceans.

Lobsters and crabs (crustaceans) Clams (molluscs)

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Ocean Ecosystem

Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers

Can you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers?

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21 Click the picture to watch a video about sea cucumbers. What type of animal is this?

A Producer

B Consumer

C Decomposer

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21 Click the picture to watch a video about sea cucumbers. What type of animal is this?

A Producer

B Consumer

C Decomposer

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C

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22 This triggerfish eats sea urchins, small crustraceans and algae. It is a(n) ___.

A Herbivore

B Omnivore

C Carnivore

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22 This triggerfish eats sea urchins, small crustraceans and algae. It is a(n) ___.

A Herbivore

B Omnivore

C Carnivore

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B

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23 Which is an aquatic carnivore?

A Shark

B Algae

C Sea Cucumber

D Tiger

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23 Which is an aquatic carnivore?

A Shark

B Algae

C Sea Cucumber

D Tiger[This object is a pull tab]

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A

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Living Things in Ecosystems Activity

All ecosystems have producer, consumers and decomposers. How do they affect each other?

Find out in this activity!

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Ecosystems and Organisms

Return to Tableof Contents

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Ecosystems and Organisms

Earth's ecosystems are diverse. Each one has different producers, consumers and decomposers.

The organisms that live in each ecosystem have traits that allow them to survive in that specific environment.

This cactus lives in the very hot and dry desert ecosystem. To survive in this environment, it stores water in its thick stem.

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Ecosystems and Organisms The arctic hare has white fur in the winter to blend in with the snow.

In the summer, the hare has brown/grey fur to blend in with the ground.

How does this trait help the arctic hare to survive in its ecosystem?

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Ecosystems and Organisms

Manta rays are large stingrays. They can grow to be 7 meters across! Instead of lungs, manta rays have gills. As water passes over the gills, oxygen is extracted from the water.

What would happen to a manta ray if it were placed in a land ecosystem?

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Camels Versus Polar Bears

Camels live in the desert ecosystem.

Camels can go several days without food and water. Their fur helps them to blend into the sand around them. They are able to keep cool in very hot temperatures.

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Camels Versus Polar Bears

Polar bears live in the tundra ecosystem.

Polar bears have two layers of fur and a thick layer of blubber to keep them warm in very cold temperatures. They have long claws to catch food and webbed feet to swim in the water.

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Camels Versus Polar BearsWould a camel survive in the arctic?

How about a polar bear in the desert?

What would happen to them?

Discuss with your group.

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Camels Versus Polar BearsWould a camel survive in the arctic?

How about a polar bear in the desert?

What would happen to them?

Discuss with your group.

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Camels and polar bears would not survive in each other's ecosystems.

Animals have traits that help them to survive in their specific environment.

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24 All organisms can live in any ecosystem.

True

False

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24 All organisms can live in any ecosystem.

True

False

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False

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25 What type of living things are present in all ecosystems?

A Producers

B Consumers

C Decomposers

D All of the above.

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25 What type of living things are present in all ecosystems?

A Producers

B Consumers

C Decomposers

D All of the above.

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D

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26 Would cacti and jackrabbits be able to survive in a snowy ecosystem?

Yes

No

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26 Would cacti and jackrabbits be able to survive in a snowy ecosystem?

Yes

No

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No

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Animal Teeth Activity

Different animals have different teeth depending on what type of food they eat. What type of teeth do you wish you had?

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Biodiversity and Humans

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Remember: biodiversity increases the health of an ecosystem.

Can you think of an event that would decrease the biodiversity of an ecosystem? Use the pictures as clues.

Biodiversity

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Biodiversity and Natural DisastersNatural disasters affect the biodiversity of ecosystems by destroying organisms' homes and food sources. Sometimes, organisms themselves are killed.

This is the aftermath of a hurricane. How would the local ecosystems have been affected?

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Biodiversity and Humans

Humans also have an effect on biodiversity. When we conduct activities that destroy ecosystems, we lower the biodiversity of Earth.

Can you think of any other ways that humans affect biodiversity?

Oil Spill Air pollution Water pollution

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Clearing LandSometimes, people clear an area of all trees in order to build homes or other buildings.

Would this increase or decrease the biodiversity of this area? Why?

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Clearing LandSuppose that a forest is filled with a lot of different types of trees. Squirrels live in the trees and rely on the trees for food. Hawks also live in this forest and often catch squirrels for food.

If humans cleared the forest of all the trees, how would this affect the squirrels and the hawks?

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Clearing LandSuppose that a forest is filled with a lot of different types of trees. Squirrels live in the trees and rely on the trees for food. Hawks also live in this forest and often catch squirrels for food.

If humans cleared the forest of all the trees, how would this affect the squirrels and the hawks?

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The squirrels would have no homes and no food so they would move somewhere else or die.After the squirrels left, the hawks would have no food. They would leave or die as well.The biodiversity would decrease.

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HuntingLet's think about that same forest.

Suppose that a group of hunters came to that forest and hunted all of the hawks.

How would this affect the squirrels and trees?

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HuntingLet's think about that same forest.

Suppose that a group of hunters came to that forest and hunted all of the hawks.

How would this affect the squirrels and trees?

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The squirrels would not be hunted by hawks anymore, so they would increase in numbers. Suddenly there would be A LOT of squirrels that would destroy the trees. Then, with no more food or homes, the squirrels would have to leave or die. The biodiversity would decrease.

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Ecosystem Changes

Any time one change is made to an ecosystem, it affects all other organisms in that ecosystem!

Can you think about what might happen if squirrels were removed from the forest?

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ConservationAlthough humans have caused a lot of biodiversity loss through our actions, we are also able to increase biodiversity. This is called conservation.

The Siberian tiger is currently endangered. Conservation efforts are helping to save this animal.

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Biodiversity and Conservation

In order to increase biodiversity, we first need to recognize how we are affecting the world around us. Next, we need to think creatively about solutions.

Although humans have destroyed this habitat, what are some things we could do to improve it?

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Cities

Cities are large areas where habitats have been removed to build structures for humans. Cities cause a loss in biodiversity.

Can you think of any solutions that would help to fix this problem?

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Roof Gardens

Some buildings have roof gardens that create new habitats for organisms.

How do roof gardens affect biodiversity?

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Wildlife Corridors

When humans build roads, they divide ecosystems in half. This can cause a loss in biodiversity.

Can you think of a solution to this problem?

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Wildlife CorridorsMany countries have built wildlife corridors. These are passages that travel over or under highways. This allows animals to cross from one side of an ecosystem to another without harm. How do these help to preserve biodiversity?

Click the picture to see wildlife corridors from around the world.

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Biodiversity and Conservation

Click below to watch a video about biodiversity and conservation.

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27 Many human activities affect biodiversity.

True

False

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27 Many human activities affect biodiversity.

True

False

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True

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28 When one part of an ecosystem is changed, how many other parts are affected?

A Just the producers.

B Just the consumers.

C Nothing else is affected.

D All parts are affected.

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28 When one part of an ecosystem is changed, how many other parts are affected?

A Just the producers.

B Just the consumers.

C Nothing else is affected.

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D

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29 Which of the following would increase biodiversity?

A Hurricane

B Roof garden

C Clearing Land

D Building highways

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29 Which of the following would increase biodiversity?

A Hurricane

B Roof garden

C Clearing Land

D Building highways

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B

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30 After biodiversity is lost, there is nothing that can be done to increase it again.

True

False

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30 After biodiversity is lost, there is nothing that can be done to increase it again.

True

False

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False

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