3. huong dan dtm xi mang

8/6/2019 3. Huong Dan DTM Xi Mang

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B TI NGUYN V MI TRNGCC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

HNG DN LP BO CONH GI TC NG MI TRNG

DN SN XUT XI MNG

H Ni, 10/2009


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Li ni unh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) l mt cng c mang tnh khoa hc v k

thut c s dng d bo cc tc ng mi trng c kh nng xy ra bi mt d nu t pht trin kinh t x hi, trn cs ra cc gii php v bin php nhm tngcng cc tc ng tch cc, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc, gp phn lm cho d nu tc bn vng trong thc t trin khai. Mc chnh xc ca vic d bo tcng s xy ra ph thuc vo 2 nhm cc yu t cbn, l thng tin u vo cho d

bo v phng php d bo.V thng tin u vo, iu ct yu l phi c cc thng tin v 2 i tng chnh: mt

l, nhng ni dung ca d n c kh nng gy ra tc ng mi trng ngun gy ra tcng; v hai l, nhng thnh phn mi trng xung quanh, bao gm c mt s yu t vkinh t v x hi lin quan, c kh nng b tc ng bi d n - i tng b tc ng.Mc i hi v mc sn c ca cc thng tin u vo ny l rt khc nhau tythuc vo loi hnh d n, a im thc hin d n v phng php d bo p dng. V

phng php d bo cng c s ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, nh: mc sn c ca ccthng tin u vo, loi hnh d n, a im thc hin d n

V vy, nu ch c nhng quy nh v php lut nh hin hnh th cng tc TM Vit Nam s rt kh mang li nhng kt qu mong i v rt kh to lp c nhng csvng chc phc v cho s pht trin bn vng kinh t - x hi ca t nc. Vn cp bch t ra l phi xy dng c nhng hng dn k thut vTM i vi tngloi hnh d n u t khc nhau.

Bn hng dn ny c lp trn nguyn tc tp trung vo nhng hng dn mangtnh k thut cho vic lp bo co TM p dng i vi loi hnh d n u t xy dngnh my xi mng Vit Nam lm ngun ti liu tham kho cho nhiu i tng sdng khc nhau trong lnh vc nh gi tc ng mi trng (ch d n, cquan ti trd n, cng ng chu tc ng tiu cc bi d n, cc t chc, c nhn tham gia lp boco TM, cc cquan, t chc tham gia thm nh bo co TM, kim tra, gim st vic

thc thi cc bin php bo v mi trng ca d n v cc i tng khc c lin quan).Hng dn c xy dng vi s kt hp ca nhng kinh nghim thc t thc hin TMi vi cc d n thuc lnh vc sn xut xi mng v cc lnh vc c lin quan khc Vit Nam trong vng gn 15 nm qua k t khi c Lut Bo v mi trng nm 1993.

Vi tnh cht phc tp v nhiu i hi t ra v mt khoa hc v k thut nhnu trn, bn hng dn ny chc chn cn nhng hn ch v khim khuyt. Mt khc,cng vi s pht trin ca cng tc TM Vit Nam v trn th gii trong thi gian ti,

bn hng dn ny cng s chc chn cn nhiu im phi c tip tc cp nht. Chngti mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp b khuyt cho hng dn ny trong tnglai.

Mi kin ng gp v thng tin phn hi v bn hng dn ny xin gi v Cc

Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng, Tng cc Mi trng, B Ti nguyn vMi trng theo a ch:

Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni

in thoi: 844-37734246Fax: 844-37734916


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MC LC

MU. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5I. XUT XCA DN............................................................................................................. 5

1. Mu ......................................................................................... ......................................................................... 52. Xut x ca d n ............................................................................................... .................................................. 5

II. CC CN CPHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM DN ....... 5III. NGUN S LIU, DLIU .................................................................................................. 61. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho ........................................................................................................................ 62. Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp ................................................................................. ................... 6

IV. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM DN ....................................... 61. Danh mc cc phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng ................................................................................ 62. Cc thit b quan trc mi trng s dng ............................................................................................... ............ 7

V. T CHC THC HIN TM DN .................................................................................... 7VI. QUY TRNH THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG.................................. 8CHNG 1. .................................................................................................................................................................... 91.1. TN DN ............................................................................................................................. 9

1.2. CH DN ............................................................................................................................ 91.3. V TR A L CA DN ................................................................................................. 9

1.3.1. V tr d n .................................................................................................. .................................................... 91.3.2. Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh .......................................................... ............... 91.3.3. V tr tip gip ca d n .............................................................................................................................. 101.3.4. Hin trng khu t ca d n........................................................................................................................ 101.3.5. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n ........................................................................................... .................. 101.3.6. Nhn xt ........................................................................................ ................................................................ 10

1.4. C IM V CNG NGH SN XUT XI MNG ...................................................... 111.4.1. Nguyn liu v nhin liu ............................................................................................................ ................. 111.4.2. Cc cng on sn xut ................................................................................................................................ 11

1.5. CC CNG TRNH CA DN ....................................................................................... 121.5.1. Phn khu chc nng ........................................................................................ .............................................. 121.5.2. Cc cng trnh ca d n ............................................................................................... ............................... 12

1.6. CC CNG TRNH H TNG K THUT CA DN ............................................... 131.6.1. Cng tc san nn ....................................................................................................... .................................... 131.6.2. H thng ng giao thng ........................................................................................ .................................. 131.6.3. H thng cp in ..................................................................................................... .................................... 131.6.4. H thng cp nc .................................................................................... .................................................... 131.6.5. H thng thot nc ma ............................................................................................................................. 131.6.6. H thng thu gom nc thi ....................................................................................... .................................. 131.6.7. Trm x l nc thi .................................................................................................................................... 141.6.8. Khu lu gi cht thi rn .......................................................................................... .................................... 14

1.6.9. Phng n thi cng .............................................................................. ......................................................... 141.7. CHI PH U TCA DN .......................................................................................... 14

1.7.1. Tng chi ph u t ca d n .................................................................................................. .................... 141.7.2. Chi ph cho tng hng mc u t ca d n .............................................................................................. 14

1.8. T CHC QUN L DN .............................................................................................. 141.9. TIN THC HIN DN ............................................................................................ 14CHNG 2. .................................................................................................................................................................. 152.1. CC IU KIN TNHIN KHU VC DN .............................................................. 15


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2.1.1. iu kin va l, a cht ......................................................................................................................... 152.1.2. iu kin v kh tng, thu vn ........................................................................... ...................................... 15

2.2. HIN TRNG CC THNH PHN MI TRNG TNHIN ..................................... 182.2.1. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc mt ............................................................................................... 192.2.2. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc di t ........................................................................................ 202.2.3. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc bin ven b.................................................................................. 212.2.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh .............................................................................................. 222.2.5. Hin trng ting n ....................................................................................................................................... 232.2.6. Hin trng rung ng ..................................................................................................... ............................... 242.2.7. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t ......................................................................................... ................. 252.2.8. Hin trng cht lng trm tch ................................................................................................................... 262.2.9. H sinh thi trn cn ..................................................................................................................................... 262.2.10. H sinh thi di nc ............................................................................................................................... 27

2.3. IU KIN KINH T - X HI .......................................................................................... 272.3.1. iu kin v kinh t khu vc ....................................................................................................................... 272.3.2. iu kin v x hi khu vc ........................................................................................................ ................. 27

CHNG 3. .................................................................................................................................................................. 313.1. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON LP DN ............................................ 31

3.1.1. nh gi vic la chn a im xy dng ................................................................................................. . 313.1.2. nh gi cng ngh sn xut xi mng ......................................................................................................... 313.1.3. nh gi v mt bng dy chuyn sn xut ................................................................................................. 323.1.4. Dng thi t cc cng on sn sut xi mng ............................................................................................. . 32

3.2. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON GPMB ...................................................... 323.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi ................................................................................................ 323.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi ..................................................................................... 333.2.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng ............................................................................. 333.2.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng ............................................................................................... .................. 33

3.3. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG....................................... 343.3.1. Ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi ................................................................................................ 343.3.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi ..................................................................................... 353.3.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng ................................................................................. 363.3.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng ............................................................................................... .................. 39

3.4. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON HOT NG CA DN ................................. 393.4.1. Ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi ................................................................................................ 393.4.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi ..................................................................................... 433.4.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng ................................................................................ ................................ 443.4.4. i tng v quy m chu tc ng ........................................................................................... .................. 443.4.5. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh .................................................................................. ...... 443.4.6. nh gi kh nng chu ti mi trng ca d n ....................................................................................... 513.4.7. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng nc ................................................................................................ 513.4.8. nh gi tc ng do cht thi rn ....................................................................................... ........................ 52

3.4.9. nh gi tc ng ca ting n .................................................................................................................... 523.4.10. nh gi tc ng ti sc kho con ngi ............................................................................................. .... 533.4.11. nh gi ri ro mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh ............................................................................ .... 533.4.12. nh gi s c mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh ................................................................................ 53

CHNG 4 ................................................................................................................................................................... 554.1. NGUYN TC ...................................................................................................................... 554.2. GII PHP BVMT TKHI LP DN U T........................................................... 55

4.2.1. B tr mt bng sn xut ......................................................................................... ...................................... 55


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MU.Xut xca dn, cc cn cphp lut

v k thut, t chc thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng

I. XUT XCA DN1. MuTheo quy nh ti iu 19, Mc 2, Lut BVMT do Quc hi Nc CHXHCNVit Nam ban hnh ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 v c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy01 thng 07 nm 2006, Nghnh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006,Nghnh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph vHng dn thi hnh mt siu ca Lut BVMT, th cc d n u t pht trinkinh t x hi phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) trnh Cquan Qun l Nh nc ph duyt.

Bn hng dn k thut lp bo co TM ny nhm trgip vic lp v thmnh bo co TM i vi i tng l cc d n nh my xi mng.

2. Xut xca dn- Tm tt v xut x, hon cnh ra i v s cn thit ca d n u t.- Nu r l loi d n mi, d n b sung, d n mrng, d n iu chnh hayd n loi khc.

- Cquan, t chc c thm quyn duyt d n u t.- Khng nh d n phi c tin hnh lp bo co TM.

II. CC CN CPHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HINTM DN

- Cc cn cphp lut:

Lit k cc vn bn php lut lm cn c cho vic thc hin TM v lp boco TM d n.

- Cc cn ckthut:Lit k cc vn bn k thut lm cn c cho vic thc hin TM v lp bo coTM d n.


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III. NGUN S LIU, DLIU

1. Ngun ti liu, dliu tham kho- Lit k cc ti liu, d liu tham kho vi cc thng s v tn gi, xut x thigian, tc gi, ni lu gi hoc ni pht hnh ca ti liu, d liu.- nh gi mc chi tit, tin cy, tnh cp nht ca ngun ti liu, d liu.

Tng hp vo bng theo mu sau :

Bng : Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho

TT Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho nh gi tin cy

2. Ngun ti liu, dliu do ch dn tto lp- Lit k cc ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp, xut x thi gian, a im

m ti liu, d liu c to lp.- nh gi mc chi tit, tin cy, tnh cp nht ca ti liu, d liu to lp.

Tng hp vo bng theo mu sau :

Bng : Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n to lp

TT Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho nh gi tin cy

IV. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM DN1. Danh mc cc phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng- Phng php thng k : Phng php ny nhm thu thp v x l cc s liukh tng thu vn v kinh t x hi ti khu vc d n.

- Phng php tham vn cngng: c s dng trong qu trnh phng vnly kin ca lnh o U ban Nhn dn, U ban Mt trn T quc cp x vcng ng dn c xung quanh khu vc d n.

- Phng php iu tra kho st v ly mu hin trng: Phng php nhm

xc nh v tr cc im o v ly mu cc thng s mi trng phc v cho vicphn tch v nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng khu vc d n.

- Phng php phn tch v x l s liu trong phng th nghim : c thchin theo quy nh ca TCVN 1995 phn tch cc thng s mi trng phcv cho vic nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng khu vc d n.


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- Phng php so snh : Dng nh gi cc tc ng trn csTiu chunVit Nam v mi trng TCVN 1995 v TCVN 2005.

- Phng php ma trn : Xy dng ma trn tng tc gia hot ng xy dng,qu trnh s dng v cc tc ng ti cc yu t mi trng xem xt ng

thi nhiu tc ng.- Phng php nh gi nhanh : c thc hin theo quy nh ca T chc Yt Th gii (WHO) nhm c tnh ti lng ca cc cht nhim trong kh thiv nc thi nh gi cc tc ng ca d n ti mi trng.

- Phng php m hnh ho : S dng m hnh tnh ton d bo nng trung bnh ca cc cht nhim trong kh thi v nc thi t cc ngun thica cng ngh sn xut xi mng vo mi trng.

- Phng php phn tch tng hp xy dng bo co : Phn tch, tng hp cc

tc ng ca d n n cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin v kinh t x hikhu vc thc hin d n.

2. Cc thit b quan trc mi trng sdng

Thit b quan trc mi trng nc c sdngLit k cc loi thit b quan trc, ly mu v phn tch cc thng s mi trngnc s dng phc v cho cng tc TM d n.

Thit b quan trc v phn tch mi trng khng khc sdngLit k cc loi thit b quan trc, ly mu v phn tch cc thng s mi trngkhng kh s dng phc v cho cng tc TM d n.

Thit bo v quan trc tingnLit k cc loi thit b quan trc, o c cc thng s ting n s dng phcv cho cng tc TM d n.

V. T CHC THC HIN TM DN- Nu t chc thc hin TM v lp bo co TM ca ch d n, trong chr vic c thu hay khng thu dch v t vn lp bo co TM d n.

- Trng hp c thu dch v t vn lp bo co TM d n, cn nu r :+ Tn cquan cung cp dch v ( c ng k ti Vit Nam).


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+ a ch vn phng ti Vit Nam.+ Tn ngi i din cao nht ca cquan cung cp dch v.+ Chc v ngi i din.+ Sin thoi v s fax ti Vit Nam.

- Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM d n (gm cngi ca n v chu t v ngi ca n v t vn) :+ H tn, n v v Chc v.+ Trnh chuyn mn.

VI. QUY TRNH THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

Trn c s cc quy nh ca Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005, Ngh nh80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2006, Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CPngy 28 thng 02 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph, bo co nh gi tc ng mitrng d n nh my xi mng c thc hin vi cc bc sau :

- Bc 1 : Nghin cu d n u t.

- Bc 2 : Nghin cu v cc iu kin t nhin v KTXH ti khu vc d n.

- Bc 3 : Kho st, o c v nh gi HTMT ti khu vc d n.

- Bc 4 : Xc nh cc ngun gy tc ng, i tng, quy m b tc ng,phn tch v nh gi cc tc ng ca d n ti mi trng.

- Bc 5 : Xy dng cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu, phng nga vng ph s c mi trng ca d n.

- Bc 6 : Xy dng cc cng trnh XLMT, chng trnh QL&GSMT.

- Bc 7 : Lp d ton kinh ph cho cc cng trnh x l mi trng.

- Bc 8 : T chc tham vn ly kin ca UBND v UBMTTQ x, phng.

- Bc 9 : Xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n.

- Bc 10 : Trnh thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n.


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CHNG 1.M t tm tt dn

1.1. TN DN

- Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co u t d n.- Tn d n vit bng ch in hoa.

1.2. CH DN

- Tn chu t d n ( c ng k ti Vit Nam), bng ch in hoa.- a ch lin h : Vn phng ti Vit Nam.- Sin thoi v s fax ti Vit Nam.- Tn ngi i din cao nht ca d n.- Quc tch : ghi r quc tch ngi i din.- Chc v : ghi r chc v ngi i din.

1.3. V TR A L CA DN

1.3.1. V tr dn- a danh ni thc hin d n.- Cc mc ranh gii ca d n : ghi r to v tr khu t ca d n.- Cc hnh nh, s, bn th hin v tr d n trn a bn khu vc v cci tng xung quanh d n nh cc KCN, CCN, cc nh my, cc khu dn c

trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ho cgi tr, mng li giao thng, mng li sng sui...

1.3.2. Khong cch tv tr dn n cc cng trnh xung quanh

Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh c c tnh c thti :- Cc nh my xung quanh gn nht.- Cc khu dn c xung quanh gn nht.

- Cc cng trnh, h tng csphc v trin khai thc hin d n : ngun nc,ngun in, x l cht thi...- Cc i tng nhy cm : Cc khu vc bo tn, bo tng, khu sinh thi nhycm, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ho...- Cc i tng khc nh sn bay, cu cng...


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1.3.3. V tr tip gip ca dn

Nu r cc i tng tip gip vi d n (da trn bo co u t ca d n vqua qu trnh kho st) :- Pha Bc,- Pha ng,- Pha Nam,- Pha Ty.

1.3.4. Hin trng khu t ca dn

Hin trng khu t ca d n cn nu r (da trn bo co u t ca d n vqua qu trnh kho st) :- Thng k hin trng s dng t : mc ch s dng t, din tch.- Thng k s lng nh trong khu vc d n : loi nh, s lng.

- Thng k s h dn trong khu vc d n : s h dn ang sinh sng, s h dnc t canh tc.- Ngun ti nguyn, khong sn c gi trkhu vc d n.

1.3.5. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca dn

- Tng thu cho ngn sch.- Thc y s pht trin ca cc ngnh kinh t lin quan.- To cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng.

- To kim ngch xut khu v gp phn gia tng GDP ca a phng.- Gp phn thc y pht trin sn xut cng nghip a phng.- To ng lc thc y sn xut, thng mi, dch v v giao thng kinh t.

1.3.6. Nhn xt

- V tr d n ph hp hay khng ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin chung cavng, ca khu vc.- Nhng kh khn v thun li khi thc hin d n ti v tr quy hoch, c th v

cc vn n b, gii phng mt bng, tiu thot nc ma v nc thi, thugom v x l cht thi...- Cc vn v x hi ti khu vc d n.- Cc vn nhy cm v mi trng khu vc d n.


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1.4. C IM V CNG NGH SN XUT XI MNG

1.4.1. Nguyn liu v nhin liu Nguyn liu

- Thnh phn vi.- Thnh phn st.- Thnh phn cc cht ph gia...

Nhin liu

- Thnh phn du.- Thnh phn than ...

1.4.2. Cc cng on sn xut

Chun b nguyn liu

- Phng php t.- Phng php kh.- Phng php bn kh.

Cngon p, vn chuyn v tn tr vi, st

+p vi.+p st.

+ Kho cha vi, st.

Cngon tip nhn, gia cng v cha cc ph gia, nhin liu

+ Than.+ Thch cao.+ Qung st.+ Ph gia.

Cngon nghin liu

+ My nghin.+ Cng sut.

Cngon sil ng nht v cp liu l

+ Sil ng nht.+ H thng cp liu l.

Cngon l nung


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+ L nung.+ H thng thp trao i nhit cyclon.+ H thng lm ngui.

Cngon nghin than

+ My nghin.+ Cng sut.

Cngon vn chuyn v cha clinker

+ Sil cha sn phm.+ Ccu sn phm.

Cngon nghin xi mng

+ My nghin.

+ Nng lc nghin. Cngon ng bao v xut xi mng

+ H thng my ng bao.+ H thng xut xi mng bao.+ H thng xut xi mng ri.

Cngon sn xut clinker

+ Cng sut thit k.

+ H thng xut clinker. S cng ngh sn xut xi mng

1.5. CC CNG TRNH CA DN

1.5.1. Phn khu chc nng- M t c cu khng gian nh my theo tng hng mc cng trnh trn mtbng s dng t (bn v tng mt bng nh my).- Mi hng mc cng trnh phi th hin r v tr xy dng, din tch v hng

ca cc cng trnh.1.5.2. Cc cng trnh ca dn

Ngoi nhng trnh by khi qut vc im v quy m cng trnh ca d n,cn trnh by r cc ni dung sau :- M t chi tit cu trc mt bng cng trnh,- c im cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n (k c cc cng trnh ph tr).


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1.6. CC CNG TRNH H TNG K THUT CA DN

1.6.1. Cng tc san nn- Cao nn t t nhin theo h chun quc gia.- Cao nn t thit k.

- Loi vt liu san nn, khi lng, phng php vn chuyn, san nn.

1.6.2. H thng ng giao thng

- Giao thng bn ngoi nh my : cc tuyn ng ni nh my vi bn ngoi.- Giao thng trong nh my : chiu di, l gii, chiu rng (mt ng, h...).- Bn v km theo th hin r mng li giao thng ca d n.

1.6.3. H thng cp in

- Tng nhu cu s dng in.- Ngun cp in (k c h thng pht in d phng).- Tng hp mng li phn phi in : hng mc, n v, khi lng.

1.6.4. H thng cp nc

- Tng nhu cu s dng nc.- Ngun cp nc (k c khai thc nc ngm).- Tng hp mng li cp nc : hng mc, n v, khi lng.

- Bn v km theo th hin r mng li cp nc ca d n.

1.6.5. H thng thot nc ma

- Hng tuyn thot nc ma.- Ngun tip nhn nc ma.- Quy cch xy dng.- Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc ma : n v, khi lng.- Bn v km theo th hin r h thng thot nc ma ca d n.

1.6.6. H thng thu gom nc thi

- Hng tuyn thot nc thi.- Ngun tip nhn nc thi.- Quy cch xy dng.


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- Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc thi : hng mc, n v, khi lng- Bn v km theo th hin r h thng thot nc thi ca d n.

1.6.7. Trm xl nc thi

- Lu lng nc thi. V tr trm x l nc thi trn tng mt bng nh my.- Tiu chun nc thi u vo, tiu chun nc thi u ra.- Ngun tip nhn nc thi sau x l (im x nc thi ra ngun tip nhn).

1.6.8. Khu lu gicht thi rn

- Chc nng.- Din tch.

1.6.9. Phng n thi cngTrong phn ny cn trnh by c th cc phng n thi cng v phng n cungcp nguyn vt liu phc v cho thi cng cng trnh ca d n, khi lng vphng php thi cng o v lp t.- Thi cng mng.- Thi cng nh xng.

1.7. CHI PH U TCA DN

1.7.1. Tng chi phu tca dn

Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hoc bo co u t ca d n.

1.7.2. Chi ph cho tng hng mc u tca dn

Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hoc bo co u t ca d n.

1.8. T CHC QUN L DN

- Qun l d n (th hin trn s).- Nhn lc thc hin.

- B phn chuyn trch v mi trng.

1.9. TIN THC HIN DN

Nu c th lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t giai onchun bn giai on hon thnh a nh my vo hot ng.


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CHNG 2.iu kin tnhin,

mi trng v kinh t x hi khu vc dn

2.1. CC IU KIN TNHIN KHU VC DNHot ng ca ngnh cng nghip sn xut xi mng pht thi mt lng kh thiln c cha cc cht kh c hi vi nng cao nh kh SO2, CO, CO2, NOx.Qu trnh lan truyn, pht tn v chuyn ho cc cht nhim trong kh thi phthuc rt nhiu vo cc iu kin t nhin khu vc. Do , trong nh gi tcng mi trng D n nh my xi mng cn phi c nhng nh gi y vhin trng iu kin t nhin khu vc bao gm :

2.1.1. iu kin va l, a cht V tr khu t ca dn- Mt bng khu t.- Cao a hnh.

a cht cng trnh- Tnh cht vt l ca cc lp t .- Tnh cht chc ca cc lp t .

a cht thu vn- Tr lng nc di t.- Cht lng nc di t.

Nhn xt- nh gi kh nng chu ti ca khu vc d n.- nh gi gi tr ngun ti nguyn nc di t v kh nng b nhim dohot ng ca d n gy ra.

2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng, thu vn

Qu trnh lan truyn v chuyn ho cc cht nhim ph thuc rt nhiu voiu kin kh hu ti khu vc d n. Cc yu t l :

- Nhit khng kh v m tng i ca khng kh- Lng ma, nng v bc x mt tri.


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- Tc gi v hng gi.- Mt s hin tng kh tng c th nh sng m, bo l, ging...

Viu kin thi tit kh hu khu vc d n phi da vo ngun s liu thngk ti cc Trm Kh tng gn v tr d n v thuc a bn ni d n scxy dng. S liu phi c thng k trong vng t 5-10 nm gn nht vi ccc trng sau :

Nhit khng kh

Nhit khng kh c nh hng n s lan truyn v chuyn ho cc cht nhim trong khng kh gn mt t v ngun nc. Cc gi tr c trng vnhit khng kh (s liu trong 10 nm) nh sau :

Bng : Nhit trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d nn v tnh : oC

ThngTrm-nm

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

Trung bnh

Ngun : Trm Kh tng - Thu vn.

m khng kh

m ca khng kh ln to iu kin cho vi sinh vt t mt t pht tn vokhng kh pht trin nhanh chng, lan truyn trong khng kh v chuyn ho cc

cht nhim trong khng kh gy nhim mi trng. Cc gi trc trng vm ti khu vc d n (s liu trong 10 nm) nh sau :

Bng : m tng i trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d nn v tnh : %

ThngTrm-nm


Trung bnh


Nng v bc x

Ch nng lin quan cht ch vi ch bc x v tnh trng my. Cc thngsc trng v nng (s liu trong 10 nm) ca khu vc nh sau :- Tng s ginng trung bnh nm.- Thng c s ginng trung bnh ln nht.


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- Thng c s ginng trung bnh thp nht.

Bng : S ginng trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d nn v tnh : gi

ThngTrm-nm


Trung bnh


Tc gi v hng gi

Gi l yu t kh tng cbn nht c nh hng n s lan truyn cc cht nhim trong khng kh v lm xo trn cc cht nhim trong nc. Cc thngsc trng v tc gi v hng gi (s liu trong 10 nm) khu vc d nnh sau :

- Vn tc gi trung bnh nm.- Vn t gi trung bnh thng ln nht.- Vn t gi trung bnh thng nh nht.- Hng gi cho v ma h.

- Hng gi cho v ma ng.

Bng : Tc gi trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d nn v tnh : m/s

ThngTrm-nm


Trung bnh


Lng ma

Ma c tc dng lm sch mi trng khng kh v pha long cht thi lng.Cc thng sc trng ti vng d n (s liu trong 10 nm) nh sau :

- Lng ma trung bnh nm.- Lng ma trung bnh thng cao nht.- Lng ma trung bnh thng thp nht.

Bng : Lng ma trung bnh thng cc nm khu vc d nn v tnh : mm

ThngTrm-nm



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Trung bnh


bn vng kh quyn

bn vng kh quyn c xc nh theo tc gi v bc x mt tri voban ngy v che ph my vo ban m. Da vo bng sau xc nh n

nh kh quyn ca khu vc d n.

Bng : Phn loi bn vng kh quyn (Pasquill, 1961)

Tc gi ti cao

10m (m/s)

Bc x mt tri ban ngy my ban mMnh

( cao mttri >60)

Trung bnh( cao mttri 35-60)

Yu( cao mttri 15-35)

It my< 4/8

Nhiu my> 4/8

< 22 - 33 - 55 - 6

> 6

AA - B

BC

C

A - BB

B - CC - D

D

BCCD

D

-EDD

D

-FED

DGhi ch : A - Rt khng bn vng D - Trung ho

B - Khng bn vng loi trung bnh E - Bn vng trung bnhC - Khng bn vng loi yu F - Bn vng

c im ch thu vn khu vc dn

M t mng li thu vn ti khu vc d n, c th l ngun ti p nhn ncma v nc thi ca d n. c im ch thu vn phi th hin c ccc trng sau :- Tn sng, sui.- Hnh thi v c trng : chiu di, rng, su, lu lng, dng chy, tc dng chy...

2.2. HIN TRNG CC THNH PHN MI TRNG TNHIN

Cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin bao gm thnh phn vt l (khng kh,ting n, rung, nc mt, nc di t, nc bin ven b, t v trm tch) vthnh phn sinh hc (ng vt, thc vt, h sinh thi di nc v h sinh thitrn cn, ng vt hoang d v thc vt qu him). Cc thnh phn mi trng

t nhin s chu tc ng trc tip hoc gin tip trong thi gian ngn hay dica qu trnh thc hin d n. Do vy vic nh gi cc thnh phn mi trngt nhin trc khi thc hin d n s gip cho cc nh qun l sbnh gic sc chu ti mi trng ca khu vc d n, cng nh d bo din bin mitrng khu vc khi d n i vo hot ng.


20/81


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+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, toim ly mu.+ Thi gian ly mu v phng php ly mu.+ Phng php o c v phn tch cho tng thng s mi trng nc.- Cc thng s phn tch nc mt :Nhit nc, pH, DO, SS, BOD5, COD, NH4

+, NO2-, NO3

-, Zn, Pb, As, Cd,

Du m, Coliform.

- Kt qu phn tch :Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt c th hin theo mu bng sau :

Bng : Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nc mt

STT Thng s phn tch n v MuW1

MuW2

MuW3

TCVN5942-1995

1 Nhit nc oC2 pH -

3 SS mg/l4 DO mg/l5 BOD5 mg/l6 COD mg/l7 NH4

+ mg/l8 NO2

- mg/l9 NO3

- mg/l10 Zn mg/l11 Pb mg/l12 As mg/l13 Cd mg/l

14 Du m mg/l15 Coliforms MPN/100mlGhi ch : TCVN 5942-1995 (A hoc B) - Tiu chun Vit Nam vcht lng nc mt.

- Nhn xt :+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN.+ Kt lun v cht lng nc mt ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn

2.2.2. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc di t

Cc ngun nc ch yu trong khu vc- Nc ging o (mch nng).- Nc ging khoan.

Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc khu vc dn

- Ly mu nc di t :


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+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc di t : m t r im quan trc lymu l ging khoan hay ging o, su, tn ch h, a ch.+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, toim ly mu.+ Thi gian ly mu, phng php ly mu v phn tch.- Cc thng s phn tch nc di t :

pH, cng theo CaCO3, TSS, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Coliform.

- Kt qu phn tch :Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc i t c th hin theo mu bng sau :

Bng : Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nc di t

STT Thng s phn tch n v MuGW1

MuGW2

MuGW3

TCVN5944-1995

1 pH -2 cng theo CaCO3 mg/l

3 TSS mg/l4 NO3

- mg/l5 SO4

2- mg/l6 PO4

3- mg/l7 Cl- mg/l8 Zn mg/l9 Pb mg/l

10 As mg/l11 Cd mg/l12 Coliforms MPN/100ml

Ghi ch : TCVN 5944-1995 - Tiu chun Vit Nam vcht lng nc ngm.

- Nhn xt :+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN.+ Kt lun v cht lng nc di t khu vc d n, phn tch nguyn nhn.

2.2.3. Hin trng cht lng mi trng nc bin ven b

Ly mu nc bin ven b

+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc bin ven b: m t r im quan trc

ly mu trn bbin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n.+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, toim ly mu.+ Thi gian ly mu, phng php ly mu v phng php phn tch.- Cc thng s phn tch nc bin ven b:Nhit nc, pH, DO, SS, BOD5, NH4

+, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, Du m, Coliform.


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- Kt qu phn tch :Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc bin ven bth hin theo mu bng sau :

Bng : Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nc bin ven b

STT Thng s phn tch n v Mu

W1

Mu

W2

Mu

W3

TCVN

5943-19951 Nhit nc oC2 pH -3 SS mg/l4 DO mg/l5 BOD5 mg/l6 NH4

+ mg/l7 Zn mg/l8 Pb mg/l9 As mg/l

10 Cd mg/l11 Du m mg/l

12 Coliforms MPN/100mlGhi ch : TCVN 5943-1995 - Tiu chun Vit Nam vcht lng nc bin ven b.

- Nhn xt :+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN.+ Kt lun v cht lng nc bin ven b ti khu vc d n v phn tchnguyn nhn.

2.2.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh

Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh

- Bi TSP, kh CO, SO2, NO2 do hot ng giao thng trong khu vc d n.- Bi TSP, kh c CO, CO2, SO2, NO2 do cng ngh sn xut xi mng.- Bi v kh c do sinh hot ca nhn dn trong vng.

Hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh khu vc dn

- Ly mu khng kh :+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu khng kh : m t r im quan trc ly mu

nm bn trong hay bn ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch tv tr ly mu n v tr d n v v pha no. Phi c im cc khu dn cxung quanh theo hng gi cho v cc ma.+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, toim ly mu.+ Thi gian ly mu v phng php ly mu.+ Phng php o c v phn tch cho tng thng s mi trng khng kh.


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- Cc thng s phn tch :Nhit , m, hng gi, vn tc gi, p sut kh quyn.- Cc thng s phn tch : Bi TSP, Bi PM10, Kh CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, H2S

- Kt qu phn tch :Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh c th hin theo mu cc bng sau :

Bng : S liu quan trc kh tng

Thi gianquan trc

Hng gi Vn tc gi(m/s)

Nhit (oC)

m(%)

p sut(mbar)

Bng : Gi tr trung bnh nng cc cht kh v bi

im

quan trc

CO

(mg/m3)

CO2

(mg/m3)

SO2

(mg/m3)

NO2

(mg/m3)

H2S

(mg/m3)

TSP

(mg/m3)

PM10

(mg/m3)A1A2A3

TCVN5937-2005 (24h)*

Ghi ch : (*) Tiu chun Vit Nam vcht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh (24h).

- Nhn xt :+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN 5937-2005 (TB 24h).

+ Kt lun v cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n v phn tchnguyn nhn.

2.2.5. Hin trng ting n

Cc ngun gy tingn

- Hot ng giao thng trong khu vc d n v sinh hot ca nhn dn.- Hot ng sn xut xi mng.

Hin trng tingn khu vc dn

- o ting n :+ V tr cc im o c ting n : cng vi im quan trc ly mu mi trngkhng kh.+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im o, toim o ting n.+ Thi gian o v phng php o.


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- Cc thng s phn tch ting n tch phn : LAeq, LAmax (dBA).- Cc thng s phn tch ting n theo cc di Octa : 63-16000Hz.

- Kt qu phn tch :

Kt qu phn tch ting n c th hin theo mu cc bng sau :Bng : Gi tr trung bnh ting n

im quan trc Mc m (dBA)LAeq LAmax

N1N2

TCVN 5949-1998

Ghi ch : TCVN 5949-1998 : Gii hn ti a cho php tingn ti khu dn c(khu vc 2).

Bng : Gi tr trung bnh ca ting n theo cc di Octa

imquan trc Mc n cc di Octa (dBA)63Hz

125Hz

250Hz

500Hz

1000Hz

2000Hz

4000Hz

8000Hz

16000Hz

NO1NO2NO3

TCCP 3733-2002/Q-BYT

Ghi ch : TCCP 3733-2002/Q-BYT : Mc n cho php theo cc di Octa.

- Nhn xt :

+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN v TCCP ca BYT.+ Kt lun v ting n ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.

2.2.6. Hin trng rung ng

Cc ngun gy rungng

- Hot ng giao thng trong khu vc d n.- Hot ng sn xut trong khu vc.- Sinh hot ca nhn dn trong vng.

Hin trng mc rungkhu vc dn

- o mc rung :+ V tr cc im o mc rung : cng vi im quan trc ly mu mi trngkhng kh.+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im o, toim o mc rung.


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+ Thi gian o v phng php o.- Cc thng s phn tch mc rung : Lva(x), Lva(y), Lva(z)- Kt qu phn tch :Kt qu phn tch mc rung c th hin theo mu bng sau :

Bng : Gi tr trung bnh mc rungim quan trc Mc rung (dBA)Lva(x) Lva(y) Lva(z)

V1V2V3

TCVN 6962-2001

Ghi ch : TCVN 6962-2001 : Mc rung ti a cho php i vi mi trng khu cng cng vkhu dn c.

- Nhn xt :

+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN.+ Kt lun v mc rung ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.

2.2.7. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t

- Ly mu t :

+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu t : m t r im quan trc ly mu l loit g, su, nm trong hay ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khongcch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n v nm v pha no.

+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, toim ly mu.+ Thi gian ly mu v phng php ly mu.+ Phng php o c v phn tch cho tng thng s mi trng t.- Cc thng s phn tch mi trng t :pHKCL, Tng N, Tng P, Du, Zn, Pb, As, Cd.

- Kt qu phn tch :Kt qu phn tch mi trng t th hin theo mu bng sau :

Bng : Cht lng mi trng tn v tnh : mg/kg

imquan trc

pHkcl Tng N Tng P Du Zn Pb As Cd

S1S2S3


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TCVN7209-2002*

Ghi ch : (*) Tiu chun Vit Nam vcht lng mi trngt.

- Nhn xt :+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN.

+ Kt lun v cht lng t ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.

2.2.8. Hin trng cht lng trm tch

- Ly mu trm tch :

+ V tr cc im o c v ly mu trm tch : m t r im quan trc ly musng sui hay bbin, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n.+ iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu, toim ly mu.+ Thi gian ly mu v phng php ly mu.- Cc thng s phn tch trm tch :pHKCL, Tng N, Tng P, Du, Zn, Pb, As, Cd.- Kt qu phn tch :Kt qu phn tch trm tch th hin theo mu bng sau :

Bng : Cht lng trm tchn v tnh : mg/kg

imquan trc

pHkcl Tng N Tng P Du Zn Pb As Cd

S1S2

TCVN 1995*Ghi ch : (*) Tiu chun Vit Nam vcht lng trm tch.

- Nhn xt :+ nh gi so snh cc thng s phn tch vi TCVN.+ Kt lun v cht lng bn y ti khu vc d n v phn tch nguyn nhn.

2.2.9. H sinh thi trn cn

Thu thp thng tin t liu iu tra cbn ca vng v kho st ti ch b sung

bao gm :- H thc vt : cc loi thc vt chim u th, cc loi thc vt qu him.- Hng vt : cc loi ng vt chim u th, cc loi ng vt hoang d, ccloi ng vt c trong sch .- nh gi mc nhy cm ca h sinh thi trn cn.


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2.2.10. H sinh thi di nc

Thu thp thng tin t liu iu tra cbn ca vng v kho st ti ch b sungbao gm :- Thc vt phiu sinh : thnh phn loi, s lng, mt , loi chim u th.- ng vt phiu sinh : thnh phn loi, s lng, mt , loi chim u th.- ng vt y : thnh phn loi, s lng, mt , cc loi chim u th.- nh gi mc nhy cm ca h sinh thi di nc.

2.3. IU KIN KINH T - X HI

2.3.1. iu kin v kinh t khu vc

- Tm tt tnh hnh kinh t trong khu vc d n v vng k cn b tc ng bid n trong nm gn nht, da trn bo co v tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hihng nm ca chnh quyn a phng, tp trung vo cc hot ng sau :+ Cng nghip

+ Nng nghip+ Giao thng vn ti+ Khai khong+ Du lch+ Thng mi+ Dch v+ Cc ngnh khc- iu tra kho st trn a bn x, phng ni thc hin d n : s dng mu

phiu iu tra, phng vn trc tip i din ca chnh quyn a phng, c xcnhn ca chnh quyn a phng.- iu tra kho st cc h dn trong vng d n : s dng mu phiu iu tra,phng vn trc tip ngi dn ti khu vc d n.

2.3.2. iu kin v x hi khu vc

- Tm tt tnh hnh x hi trong khu vc d n v vng k cn b tc ng bid n trong nm gn nht, da trn bo co v tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hi

hng nm ca chnh quyn a phng, tp trung vo cc ni dung sau :+ Cc cng trnh vn ho+ X hi+ Tn gio, tn ngng+ Di tch lch s+ Khu dn c, khu th


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+ Cc cng trnh lin quan khc- iu tra kho st trn a bn x, phng ni thc hin d n : s dng muphiu iu tra, phng vn trc tip i din ca chnh quyn a phng, c xcnhn ca chnh quyn a phng.- iu tra kho st cc h dn trong vng d n : s dng mu phiu iu tra,

phng vn trc tip ngi dn ti khu vc d n.

CHU Ta ch. Tel. Fax.

Phiu iu tra kinh t x hi phng, x(TM D n Nh my Xi mng)

1. Khu vc iu tra :- Tn x, phng : .................................................................................................................

- S h dn : ............. h. Tng s dn : .................. ngi. Bnh qun : .............. ngi/h.

2. Hin trng sdng t :- Tng din tch t : ................... ha. Trong t nng nghip : ................................. ha.- t cng nghip : ............ ha. t lm nghip : ............... ha. t khc : .................... ha.

3. Hin trng kinh t x hi :- S h lm nng nghip : ................ h. Sn lng la : .................................... tn/ha.- Sn lng hoa mu : .................. tn/ha. S h lm dch v, bun bn : ..................... h.- Cc loi hnh dch v sn xut : ..........................................................................................- S h lm lm nghip : .............. h. Din tch trng rng : .......................................... ha.- S h lm ngh truyn thng : ...................... h. Sn lng : ........................ tn sp/nm.

- Thu nh p : Bnh qun : ..................../thng. Cao nht : ............................. /thng.Thp nht : ........... /thng. S h giu : ........ h. S h ngho : .......... h.

4. Cc cng trnh cng cng v h tng k thut :- Cquan : ......... cs. Trng mu gio : ....... trng. Trng PTCS : ......... trng.- Nh my : ................ cs. X nghip : ................... cs. Ch: ...................................- Bnh vin : ................ cs. Trm y t : ............. cs. Ngha trang : ..................- nh : ........................ cs. Cha : ................... cs. Nh th: .........................- Hin trng ng giao thng :

+ ng t : .................... km. + ng cp phi : ....................... km.+ ng b tng : ............... km. + ng gch : ............................. km.

- Hin trng s dng in, nc :+ S h dn c cp in : ...... h. + S h dn c cp nc sch : ........... h.+ S h s dng nc ging : ....... h. + S h s dng nc sng : ........ h.

5. Cc yu cu v kin ngh ca chnh quyn a phng v dn :............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


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...............................................................................................................................................

Ngy ......... thng ........ nm 200Ngi iu tra xc nhn ca a phng

CHU Ta ch. Tel. Fax.

Phiu iu tra kinh t x hi cc h dn c(TM D n Nh my Xi mng)

1. H dn iu tra :- Tn ch h : ........................................................................................................................- S nhn khu : .... ngi. n tui lao ng : .... ngi. Cha n tui lao ng : ... ngi2. Hin trng sdng t :

- Tng din tch t : .......................... ha. Trong t nh : ..................................... ha.- t vn : ....................................... ha. t khc : ...................................................... ha.3. Hin trng kinh t x hi :- Din tch trng la : ......................... ha. Sn lng la : .................................... tn/ha.- Din tch trng hoa mu : ............... ha. Sn lng hoa mu : ................................ tn/ha.- Cc loi cy trng trong vn lu nm : ....................................... S lng : ............. cy.- Din tch trng rng : ...................... ha. Din tch nui trng thu sn : ....................... ha.- S ngi lm ngh truyn thng : ................ ngi. Sn lng : .................... tn sp/nm.- Cc loi hnh dch v, bun bn, sn xut : ........................................................................- Thu nh p : Bnh qun : ..................../thng. Cao nht : ............................. /thng.

Thp nht : ...................... /thng.4. Cc cng trnh v sinh mi trng :

- Nh cp IV : .............. m2. Nh xy : .............. tng, din tch : ................................. m2.- Nh bp ring : ............. m2. Nh tm ring : ......... m2. Nh x ring c b t hoi : ..........- Nh x ring khng c b t hoi : ............... Din tch sn vn : ................................ m2.- Ngun tip nhn nc thi : ................................................................................................- Chung tri chn nui trong khun vin nh : ....... m2, ngoi khun vin nh : ..... m2.- Ln : ......... con. G : ........ con. Vt : .......... con. Tru : ............ con. B : ................. con.- Hin trng s dng in, nc cho sinh hot :

+ S dng in li : ......... kw/thng + S dng in my n : ................ kw/thng+ S dng nc my : ....... m3/thng + S dng nc ging khoan su : ............ m+ S dng nc ging o su : ........ m + S dng nc sng, sui : ..............

- Loi rc thi : ......................... S lng : ....... kg. Hnh thc x l : ..................................5. Cc yu cu v kin ngh ca ch h v dn v vn n b t b thu hi :..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


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Ngy ......... thng ........ nm 200Ngi iu tra xc nhn ca ch h

CHU T

a ch. Tel. Fax.

phiu iu tra sc kho cng ng(TM D n Nh my Xi mng)

1. Khu vc iu tra :- Tn Trm y t x, phng : .................................................................................................- S h dn : ................ h. Tng s dn : ............... ngi. Bnh qun : .............. ngi/h.

2. Hin trng csy ta phng :- S bc s : ............. ngi. S Y s: .................. ngi. S Y t : ............. ngi.

- S ging bnh : ...... ging. S bnh nhn ni tr : .... ngi, ngoi tr : ... ngi/thng.- Cc loi my mc, phng tin khm cha bnh : ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Tnh hnh sc kho cng ng :- S ngi mc bnh truyn nhim : ......................... ngi. Chim t l : ...................... %.- Loi bnh truyn nhim : ....................................................................................................- S ngi mc bnh mn tnh : .............................. ngi. Chim t l : ........................ %.- Loi bnh mn tnh : ...........................................................................................................- S ngi mc bnh ngh nghip : ......................... ngi. Chim t l :........................ %.- Loi bnh ngh nghip : .....................................................................................................- S ngi mc bnh v phi : ..... ngi, t l : ... %. Bnh h hp : ...... ngi, t l : ... %.Bnh v mt : ....... ngi, t l : ....... %. Bnh ng rut : ........ ngi, t l : ........ %. Bnh v taimi hng : ........ ngi, t l : .......... %. Bnh ngoi da : ............ ngi, t l : ........ %. Cc bnh khc: ............. ngi, t l : .......... %.

4. kin ca trm y t x, phng v vn v sc kho cng ng, v sinh mi trng vnhng vn lin quan n dn :...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Ngy ......... thng ........ nm 200Ngi iu tra xc nhn ca trm y t


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CHNG 3.nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca dn

3.1. NH GI TC NG TRONG GIAI ON LP DN

3.1.1. nh gi vic la chn a im xy dngi vi d n u t xy dng nh my xi mng th a im xy dng cn cy cc yu t v iu kin cn thit :- Nm u mi giao thng, thun li cho vic vn chuyn cung c p nguynnhin liu, cc vt liu khc phc v cho sn xut v vn ti ti cc th trngtrong nc cng nh xut khu.- a im nm xa trung tm dn c, cng trnh v th ln, hn chc tmnh hng n mi trng khu dn c v cc cng trnh trong khu vc.

- iu kin kh hu, thu vn t c bin ng ln, a cht cng trnh khu vcm bo khng phi x l mng bng cc gii php gy tn km cho chi ph ut.- C sh tng k thut, cng trnh xy dng, trang thit b phc v cho snxut v sinh hot, cng trnh phc li x hi phi hon chnh, tit kim c chiph u t v pht huy c hiu quu t.

3.1.2. nh gi cng ngh sn xut xi mng

Loi hnh d n nh my xi mng cn c nghin cu u t trn quan imla chn mt dy chuyn sn xut c mc tin tin, hin i nhm to ra ccsn phm c cht lng cao v n nh. Cc yu cu chnh la chn gii phpk thut, cng ngh cn p ng l :- Cng ngh sn xut ph hp vi c im v iu kin cht lng, kh nngcung ng nguyn, nhin liu thc t.- Vic la chn thit b c quan tm n kh nng chuyn i v lp t.- Gii php cng ngh la chn ph hp nhm nng cao thi gian hot ng huch, gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng.

- Mt bng v dy chuyn cng ngh b tr ph hp vi quy hoch chung viu kin t nhin ca khu vc d n.- Cng ngh sn xut c tnh ton v la chn hot ng sn xut khnggy nh hng ti mi trng, cc ch tiu v nng bi, ting n, cht thi...ph hp vi Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng hin hnh.


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3.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi

Ngun tc ng do chim dngt

Trong giai on GPMB, cn xc nh c th din tch t b chim dng (thuhi) cho d n, nht l din tch t nng nghip, t rng, t nui trng thusn, rng ngp mn...

Ngun tc ng do di di, ti nh c

- S h dn phi di di, ti nh c. S m m phi di di.- S nh ca, cng trnh phi n b.- Cy ci, hoa mu phi n b.

3.2.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng

- Tc ng do chim dng t.

- Tc ng do phi di di, ti nh c.- Tc ng ti cuc sng ca ngi dn bnh hng bi d n.- Tc ng ti mi trng khng kh t qu trnh san lp mt bng (nh gi datheo nng cht nhim, phm vi b tc ng, vng bnh hng).- Tc ng ti mi trng nc t qu trnh san lp mt bng (nh gi da theonng cht nhim, phm vi b tc ng, vng bnh hng).- Tc ng do cht thi rn t qu trnh san lp mt bng (nh gi da theochng loi, thnh phn ca cht thi rn).- Ri ro v s c mi trng trong qu trnh san lp mt bng.

3.2.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng

i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on gii phng mt bng cn ctng hp theo bng sau :

Bng : i tng, quy m chu tc ng giai on GPMB

i tng b tc ng Yu t tc ng Quy m tc ng

Mi trng khng kh

Bi khuch tn t mt bng thicng, giao thng trn cng

trng; Bi, kh thi, nhit cacc my mc thit b thi cng xydng.

Mi trng khng kh khuvc thc hin d n v ln

cn (phm vi b tc ng,khong cch).

Mi trng ncNc thi sinh hot ; Nc thixy dng.

Thu vc nc trong khu vcd n (phm vi).

Mi trng tSan lp mt bng. Cht thi rnsinh hot v ph dcng trnh.

a cht, nc ngm khu vcthc hin d n.

H sinh thi San lp mt bng; Nc thi, kh H sinh thi khu vc thc


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thi, cht thi rn trong giai onchun b mt bng xy dng.

hin d n (trn cn, dinc)

Vn ho - x hiThay i c cu kinh t, ngnhngh, cuc sng ca ngi dn.

Khu vc thc hin d n vln cn (i tng c th).

Sc kho cng ngBi, kh thi, cht thi rn, tingn, rung ng.

Dn c xung quanh khu vcthc hin d n (i tng cth).

Cuc sng ca ngidn

n b di di, ti nh c, mtvic lm

Ngi dn b tc ng trctip bi d n (i tng)

3.3. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG

3.3.1. Ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi

Ngun tc ngi vi mi trng khng kh

Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, s c nhiu phng tin, my mc tham giathi cng. Ngoi ra, s lng xe chnguyn vt liu n cng trnh cng s lm

gia tng lu lng giao thng ti khu vc. Cc thit b ny khi hot ng trncng trng s gy nn cc tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh :- nhim do bi t, ct.- nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn ti ra vo khu vc d n.- nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin thi cng cgii.

c trng gy nhim mi trng khng kh ca cc phng tin vn chuynv thi cng cgii trn cng trng xy dng ca d n nh sau :

Bng : c trng ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh

Giai on thi cng xy dng Cc cht nhim khng kh

- Kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng vn ti- Kh thi t my mc thi cng trn cng trng

Bi, SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, HC, Tingn, rung ng...

Da vo c trng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh, xc nhti lng cc cht nhim cho tng ngun thi.

Ngun tc ngi vi mi trng nc

Trong giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh, ngun pht sinh nc thi ch

yu l t qu trnh dng h b tng, lm mt my mc thit b thi cng, ncthi ca cng nhn xy dng trn cng trng.- Nc thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng, dng h b tng, lm mt thit b,lp t my mc thit b c cha nhiu cn lng, vt liu thi, du m... (xcnh ti lng cc cht nhim).- Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng c cha cc cht l lng, cht


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hu c, cc cht cn b v vi sinh... (xc nh ti lng cc cht nhim).

Ngun nhim do cht thi rn

Cht thi rn sinh ra trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n l cc cht t t cng tc lm ng, lm mng cng trnh nh gch, , xi mng, st thp

v g, giy... t cng vic thi cng v hon thin cng trnh, lp t my mc,thit b v rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn hot ng trn cng trng. Cn xcnh c th thnh phn v tnh cht, khi lng c th theo 3 loi cht thi rnsinh hot ca cng nhn, cht thi xy dng v cht thi nguy hi.


Ngun tc ng do tingn

Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n, ting n gy ra ch yu do cc

my mc thi cng, cc phng tin vn ti trn cng trng v do s va chmca my mc thit b, cc loi vt liu bng kim loi, my p cc b tng... Mc gy ting n ca cc thit b thi cng c xc nh t ngun i vi tngchng loi thit b s dng ca d n.

Ngun tc ng do nc ra tri bmt

Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n, cc cht c hi t sn bi changuyn vt liu, t mt bng thi cng, bi rc, khu cha nhin liu... khi gpma s b cun tri v d dng ho tan vo trong nc ma gy nhim cc

thu vc tip nhn, nc ngm trong khu vc d n. Ngoi ra nc ma b nhim cng c th lm n mn cc vt liu kt cu v cng trnh trong khu vc.Tnh cht nhim ca nc ma trong trng hp ny b nhim chc (t,ct, rc), nhim hu c(dch chit trong bi rc), nhim ho cht, kim loinng v du m. nh gi tc ng ca nc ra tri b mt trn khu vc dn i vi mi trng, p dng m hnh tnh ton nh sau :

- Lu lng nc ma chy trn trong khu vc :

Q = 0,278 . k . I . F (m3/s)Trong :k- H s dng chy (k=0,6),I- Cng ma (mm/h),F- Din tch lu vc (m2),

- Ti lng cht nhim :


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Lng cht bn tch t trong mt thi gian c xc nh nh sau :

G = Mmax [1 - exp (-kz.T)]. F (kg)Trong :Mmax- Lng bi tch lu ln nht trong khu vc nh my (kg/ha).

kz- H sng hc tch lu cht bn (ng

-1

).T- Thi gian tch lu cht bn (ngy).

Ngun tc ng gy nhim nhit

- nhim nhit do thi tit kh hu.- Do cc my mc sinh nhit.

3.3.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng

nh gi tc ng do kh thi

Tc ng do kh thi (bi v cc cht kh c hi) t cc phng tin vnchuyn v my mc thit b thi cng (t ti lng xc nh nng cc cht chi, nh gi mc tc ng, phm vi v vng bnh hng). S dng mhnh d bo sau :

( ) ( )

u.

2

hzexp

2

hzexp.E8,0

Cz

2z

2

2z

2

+

+

= (mg/m3)

Trong :C - Nng cht nhim trong khng kh (mg/m3).E - Ti lng ca cht nhim t ngun thi (mg/ms).z - cao ca im tnh ton (m).h - cao ca mt ng so vi mt t xung quanh (m).u - Tc gi trung bnh ti khu vc (m/s).

z - H s khuch tn cht nhim theo phng z(m).

Kt qu tnh ton m hnh phi d bo c nng cht nhim ln nht t

c khong cch ti i tng b tc ng v c th hin bng biu tnhton.

nh gi tc ng do nc thi

- i vi nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng ch yu cha cc cht cnb, cc cht llng (SS), cc hp cht hu c(BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng


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(N,P) v cc vi sinh vt. T ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hotgiai on thi cng xy dng, xc nh nng cc cht nhim tc ng ti ccthu vc xung quanh.

- i vi nc thi t qu trnh thi cng xy dng nh nc ra nguyn vt liu,

nc v sinh my mc thit b thi cng, nc dng h b tng c hm lngcht llng v hm lng cc cht hu ccao gy nhim ti nc sng, ncknh mng thu li, nc ao h trong khu vc. Xc nh nng cc cht nhim tc ng ti cc thu vc xung quanh.

nh gi tc ng do tingn

Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n, ting n gy ra ch yu do ccmy mc thi cng, cc phng tin vn ti trn cng trng v do s va chmca my mc thit b, cc loi vt liu bng kim loi, ng cc b tng... Khnng ting n ti khu vc thi cng ca d n lan truyn ti cc khu vc xungquanh c xc nh nh sau :

Li = Lp - Ld - Lc , dBATrong :Li - Mc n ti im tnh ton cch ngun gy n khong cch r2, dBALp - Mc n o c ti ngun gy n ch ngun gy n khong cch r1, dBA

Ld - Mc n gim theo khong cch r2tn s i

Ld = 20 lg [(r2/r1)1+a], dBA

r1 - Khong cch ti ngun gy n ng vi Lp, mr2 - Khong cch tnh ton gim mc n theo khong cch ng vi Li, ma - H s kn nh hng hp th ting n ca a hnh mt t (a=0)

Lc - gim mc n qua vt cn. Ti khu vc d n Lc= 0

Mc n tng cng do cc phng tin thi cng c xc nh nh sau :

L = 10 lg0,1Li, dBA

Trong :L - Mc n ti im tnh ton, dBA

Li - Mc n ti im tnh ton ca ngun n th i, dBAT cng thc trn, tnh ton mc gy n ca cc loi thit b thi cng ti mitrng xung quanh cc khong cch v nh gi theo tiu chun.

nh gi tc ng do rung


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Ngun gy rung ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n l t cc mymc thi cng, cc phng tin vn ti trn cng trng, ng cc b tng, cckhoan nhi... Mc rung c th bin thin ln ph thuc vo nhiu yu t vtrong cc yu tnh hng quan trng nht l nn t, mng cng trnh vtc khc nhau ca dng xe khi chuyn ng. Rung l s chuyn dch, tng v

gim t mt gi tr trung tm v c th m phng bng dng sng trong chuynng iu ho. Bin rung l s chuyn dch (m), vn tc (m/s) hay gia tc(m/s2). Gia tc rung L(dB) c tnh nh sau :

L = 20 log(a/ao), dBTrong :a RMS ca bin gia tc (m/s2).ao RMS tiu chun (ao=0,00001 m/s

2).

T cng thc trn, tnh ton mc rung ca cc phng tin thi cng nh hngti cc khu dn c, cc cng trnh ln cn v nh gi theo tiu chun.

nh gi tc ng do cht thi rn

Cht thi rn sinh ra trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng ca d n l cc cht t t cng tc lm ng, lm mng cng trnh, xy dng cng trnh nh gch,, xi mng, st thp v g, giy, bao b... t cng vic thi cng v hon thincng trnh, lp t my mc, thit b v rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn hotng trn cng trng. Xc nh thnh phn, tnh cht, khi lng ca cht thi

rn theo 3 loi : cht thi rn sinh hot, cht thi rn xy dng v cht thi nguyhi.

nh gi tc ng do thi cng cc khoan nhi

Khi thi cng mng cc cng trnh cao tng, thp trao i nhit cyclon... thngs dng phng php cc khoan nhi. V vy cn xc nh c th lng chtthi betonit gy tc ng ti mi trng xung quanh, nht l cc thu vc tipnhn.

nh gi tc ng do scmi trng

Trong giai on thi cng xy dng ca d n, cc ri ro, s c mi trng nhchy n, tai nn lao ng... c th xy ra gy tc ng xu ti mi trng.

nh gi tc ng ti cuc sng ca ngi dn xung quanh dn

nh gi nh hng ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng ti cuc sng ca ngi


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dn xung quanh khu vc d n.

nh gi tc ng ti h sinh thi mi trng khu vc

nh gi nh hng ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng ti h sinh thi mi trngkhu vc.

3.3.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng

i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng ca d ncn c tng hp theo bng sau :

Bng : i tng, quy m chu tc ng giai on thi cng xy dng

i tng b tc ng Yu t tc ng Quy m tc ng

Mi trng khng kh

Bi khuch tn t mt bng thicng, giao thng trn cng

trng; Bi, kh thi, nhit cacc my mc thit b thi cng xydng.

Mi trng khng kh khu vcthc hin d n v ln cn

(phm vi b tc ng, khongcch).

Mi trng ncNc thi sinh hot ; Nc thixy dng.

Thu vc nc trong khu vcd n (phm vi).

Mi trng tCht thi rn sinh hot v chtthi xy dng.

a cht, nc ngm khu vcthc hin d n.

H sinh thiNc thi, kh thi, cht thi rntrong giai on thi cng xy dng.

H sinh thi khu vc thc hind n (trn cn, di nc)

Vn ho - x hiGia tng dn s tm thi, cucsng ca ngi dn.

Khu vc thc hin d n v lncn (i tng c th).

Sc kho cng ng Bi, kh thi, cht thi rn, tingn, rung ng.

Dn c xung quanh khu vc

thc hin d n (i tng cth).

Cuc sng ca ngidn

Cuc sng v i li ca ngi dnxung quanh bnh hng

Ngi dn b tc ng trc tipbi d n (i tng)

3.4. NH GI TC NG GIAI ON HOT NG CA DN

3.4.1. Ngun gy tc ng lin quan n cht thi

Ngun tc ngi vi mi trng khng kh

Trong qu trnh sn xut xi mng, cc ngun pht sinh kh thi (bi v cc cht

kh c hi) ph thuc vo tng cng on sn xut, tng loi thit b cng nghv gy nh hng n mi trng khng kh. c trng cht thi v cc tcng ti mi trng t cc cng on sn xut xi mng nh sau :

Bng : c trng cht thi v tc ng mi trng

Cng on sn xut Cht nhim Tc ng mi trng


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p, vn chuyn nguyn liu Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Kho ng nht vi, st vnh lng nguyn liu

Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Tip nhn v cha cc loi nguynliu khc

pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Nghin nguyn liu Pht sinh bi. nhim khng khSil ng nht v cp liu l Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

L nungPht sinh bi, kh CO,

H2S, SO2, NOx v CO2. nhim khng kh

Lm ngui clinker Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Vn chuyn v cha clinker Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Nghin clinker Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Silo xi mng Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

ng bao xi mng Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Xut xi mng Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Nghin than Pht sinh bi. nhim khng kh

Ni hiPht sinh bi, kh CO,

SO2, NOx v CO2. nhim khng kh

Cc phng tin my mc vn tinh xe ti, xe nng

Pht sinh bi, kh CO,SO2, NOx v CO2.

nhim khng kh

Tnh ton xc nh ti lng xc nh theo h s pht thi :

Ti lng cc cht nhim t cc cng on sn xut c tnh ton da trncng sut ca nh my v h s pht thi nhim xc nh theo WHO hocUSEPA nh sau :

E = A . EF , kg/nmTrong :E Ti lng cht nhim, kg/nm.A Cng sut tn clinker/nmEF H s ti lng pht thi theo WHO kg/tn clinker.

Tnh ton ti lng cc cht nhim thi ra khi t chy nhin liu :

Ti lng ca cc cht nhim kh t ngun thi s dng nhin liu c tnhton trn c s thnh phn v c tnh ca nhin liu t, c tnh ca ngunthi v iu kin mi trng khng kh xung quanh. T khi lng ca cc cht nhim, s xc nh c nng ca cc cht nhim ca ngun thi.Phng php tnh ton nh sau :


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- Tnh ton lng sn phm chy (SPC), ti lng cc cht nhim thi ra khit chy nhin liu :Thnh phn ca nhin liu gm c Carbon (C), Hydro (H), Nit(N), Oxy (O),Lu hunh (S), tro (A) v m (W). Tng cc thnh bng 100% :

C + H + N + O + S + A + W = 100%Trong s cc thnh phn ca nhin liu t nu trn, ch c carbon, hydro v luhunh l chy c v to ra nhit nng ca nhin liu theo cc phn ng :+i vi carbon :

Khi chy hon ton : C + O2 CO2

hay l : 1 kg C +12

32kg O2

12

44kg CO2 + 8100 kcal/kg C

Khi chy khng hon ton : C +2

1O2 CO

hay l : 1 kg C +1216 kg O2

1228 kg CO + 2440 kcal/kg C

+i vi kh hydro : 2H2 + O2 2H2O

hay l : 1 kg H2 +4

32kg O2

4

36kg H2O + 34200 kcal/kg H2

+i vi lu hunh : S + O2 SO2

Hay l : 1 kg S + 3232

kg O2 3264

kg SO2 + 2600 kcal/kg S

Bng : Tnh ton sn phm chy iu kin chun(t=0oC v P=760 mmHg)

STT i lng tnh ton n v tnh Cng thc tnh ton1 Lng khng kh kh l

thuyt cn cho qu trnh chy

m3chun/kgNLVo = 0,089C + 0,264H 0,0333(O-S)

2 Lng khng kh m lthuyt cn cho qu trnh chy

m3chun/kgNL

Va = (1 + 0,0016 d) Vo

3 Lng khng kh m thc tvi h s khng kh tha=1,2-1,6

m3chun/kgNL Vt = Va

4 Lng kh SO2 trong snphm chy

m3chun/kgNL VSO2 = 0,683.10-2 S

5 Lng kh CO trong SPC vih s chy khng hon ton=0,1-0,5

m3chun/kgNLVCO = 1,865.10

-2 C


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6 Lng kh CO2 trong SPC m3chun/kgNL VCO2 = 1,853.10

-2 (1-) C7 Lng hi nc trong SPC m3chun/kgNL VH2O = 0,111 H + 0,0124 W +

0,0016 d Vt8 Lng kh N2 trong SPC m

3chun/kgNL VN2 = 0,8.10-2 N + 0,79 Vt

9 Lng kh O2 trong khngkh tha

m3chun/kgNL VO2 = 0,21 ( - 1) Va

10 Lng SPC tng cng (tclng khi thi bng tng scc i lng trn)

m3chun/kgNL VSPC=VSO2+VCO+VCO2+VH2O+VN2+VO2

Ghi ch : d- Dungm ca khng kh (g/kg)m

3chun/kgNL Mt khi iu kin chun trn 1 kg nhin liu.

Carbon (C), Hydro (H), Nit(N), Oxy (O), Lu hunh (S), tro (A) v m (W)- Thnh phn ca nhin liu tng cc thnh bng 100% :

Bng : Tnh ton lng kh thi v ti lng cc cht nhim(ng vi lng nhin liu tiu th B , kg/h)

STT i lng tnh ton n v tnh Cng thc tnh ton1 Lng khi (SPC) iu

kin chun

m3/s LC = VSPC B / 3600

2 Lng khi (SPC) iukin thc t tk

oCm3/s LT = LC (273 + tk) / 273

3 Lng kh SO2 viSO2=2,926 kg/m

3 chung/s MSO2 = (10

3 VSO2 B SO2) / 3600

4 Lng kh CO viCO=1,25 kg/m

3 chung/s MCO = (10

3 VCO B CO) / 3600

5 Lng kh CO2 viCO2=1,977 kg/m

3 chung/s MCO2 = (10

3 VCO2 B CO2) / 3600

6 Lng tro bi vi h stro bay theo khi a=0,1-1,0

g/s MBUI = 10 a Ap B / 3600

7 Lng kh NOx i vinhin liu rn

kg/h MNOx = 3,953.10-8 Q1,18

8 Lng kh NOx i vinhin liu kh v lng

kg/h MNOx = 1,723.10-3 B1,18

Ghi ch : Q Lng nhit do nhin liu to ra, kcal/h

Ngun tc ngi vi nc thi sn xut xi mng

- Nc thi t qu trnh lm mt cc thit b my mc, thit b nh nghinnguyn liu, nghin than. Nc thi ra c nhit cao, cha nhiu bn, tp cht

rn, hm lng cn llng cao.- Nc thi t ti ra sn, kh bi : nc thi ny cha nhiu tp cht rn, hmlng cn l lng ln, kim cao. Ngoi ra trong nc thi cn cha mtlng du mri vi, r r.

- Nc thi ra v sinh my mc, thit b, b cha du... nc thi cha nhiu


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43

hm lng du, cn llng, COD ln.

- Nc thi l hi c nhit cao v mt lng cn nht nh.

- Xc nh ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi ca d n.

Ngun tc ngi vi nc thi sn xut xi mng

- Cht thi rn t qu trnh sn xut : Trong hot ng ca nh my, cht thi rncng nghip pht sinh t cc qu trnh : vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, ri vi casn phm, bao b h hng, t cc thit b x l bi, x than, vt liu chu la quas dng, t cc phn xng sa cha xe my, ckh, in... Trong tng lngcht thi dng cht thi bi, kh v cht thi rn, cht thi rn sn xut l ccloi v bao b, ni lng, nguyn vt liu ri vi trong sn xut, vt liu chu laph thi, ti lc bi tay o qua s dng, gi lau qua s dng. Ngoi ra cn ccht thi gia cng ckh v cht thi rn xy dng.

- Cht thi rn sinh hot : Lng cht thi rn trong sinh hot ca cn b cngnhn ca nh my, thnh phn bao gm cc loi vn phng phm qua s dng,thc phm tha v bao b cc loi.


Ngun tc ng do tingn

Khi d n i vo hot ng, ting n pht ra ch yu t cc ng cmy bm,

my qut, my nghin, l nung, my nn kh v cc phng tin vn chuynnguyn liu, vt liu, sn phm ca nh my. Ngoi ra cn c ting n do nmn v cc phng tin khai thc pht sinh t khu vc m khai thc vi.Xc nh mc n ti ngun ca cc thit b trn.

Ngun tc ng do rung

- T cng on nghin liu.- T cng on l nung.

- T cng on nghin than.- T cng on vn chuyn xi mng v clinker.

Ngun tc ng nhim nhit

- Ngun nhim nhit ca cng on l nung.- Ngun nhim nhit ca cng on nghin than.


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44

- Ngun nhim nhit ca thp trao trao i nhit cyclon.

3.4.3. Nhng ri ro v sc mi trng

Ngun gc

- Qu trnh thi cht c hi t cng ngh sn xut xi mng.- Qu trnh vn chuyn xi mng v clinker.- S c n lc bi tnh in, n l hi.- Cc tc ng ca thin nhin nh ln st t, ng t...

Cc yu txc nh

- Bi (TSP, PM10).- Kh c hi (CO, CO2, SO2, NO2)

Cc ri ro vscmi trng

- Ri ro s c do n lc bi tnh in, n l hi.- Ri ro s c hng h thng bng ti vn chuyn.- Ri ro s c ln st thp trao i nhit cyclon.

3.4.4. i tng v quy m chu tc ng

Thng k v nh gi y cc i tng v quy m chu tc ng trong qutrnh hot ng ca d n i vi tng cng on sn xut theo bng sau :

Bng : i tng, quy m chu tc ng

i tng b tc ng Yu t tc ng Quy m tc ngMi trng khng khMi trng ncMi trng tH sinh thiKhu dn c xung quanh

3.4.5. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh

Nguyn tc nh gi

Nguyn tc nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh ca d n, c datrn hin trng mi trng khu vc, quy m u t xy dng, cng ngh snxut, cc ngun thi gy tc ng ti mi trng ca d n, cc bin php gimthiu cc tc ng xu, phng nga, ng ph s c nhim mi trng v hiuqu ca d n (s dng phng php ma trn nh gi).


46/81


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z - H s khuch tn ca kh quyn theo phng ng, phng z, m

Phng php tnh ton ngun thi thp :

Trong cc nh my sn xut xi mng, s chuyn ng ca khng kh cng vicc phn t bi v hi kh c hi cha trong n khc vi trong vng trng trikhng c vt cn. Nh ca, cng trnh s lm thay i trng vn tc ca khngkh. Pha bn trn ca cng trnh vn tc chuyn ng ca khng kh tng ln,pha sau cng trnh vn tc khng kh gim xung v n khong cch no ,vn tc gi mi t ti tr s ban u ca n. Pha trc cng trnh, mt phnng nng ca gi bin thnh tnh nng v to thnh p lc d, pha sau cngtrnh c hin tng gi xoy v lm long khng kh to ra p lc m. Ngoi ratrong nh my cn c cc dng khng kh chuyn ng do cc ngun nhit cngnghi p thi ra, cng nh cc lng nhit bc x mt tri nung nng mi nh,

ng s v sn bi gy nn s chnh lch nhit v to ra s chuyn ngca khng kh.

V vy vic tnh ton nng cc cht nhim khuch tn ra mi trng khngkh xung quanh i vi cc ngun thi thp, cn phi xc nh c c imca cng trnh (nh c l p c chiu ngang h p, nh c l p c chiu ngangrng, nh hp trong mt khu nh, nh rng trong mt khu nh).

Nng cht nhim do cc ngun thi thp gy ra c tnh ton theo phngphp ca V.S.Nhikitin ng vi cc trng hp sau :

- Nh hp ng c lp :

bz

pha trn v sau

Ngun thi

b =< 2,5Hnh

Hnh

0,8

Hnh

1,8

Hn

6Hnh

Gi Vng gi qun

Hnh: Nh hp ng c lp

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc bn trn vng gi qun, im tnh ton

trong vng gi qun khi 0 < x 6Hnh:


48/81

47

312 /,)4,1(

426,03,1 mmgSxbllHu

MkCnh

y

+++=

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc bn trn vng gi qun, im tnh tonngoi vng gi qun khi x > 6Hnh:

312

/,;)4,1(

55mmgSCC

xblu

MkC xyx =++

=

- Nh rng ng c lp :

Ngun thi

b >2,5Hnh

Hnh

0,8

Hnh

1,8

Hn

4Hnh

2,5Hnh

bz

GiVng gi qun pha trn

Vng gi qun pha sau

Hnh : Nh rng ng c lp

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi, im

tnh ton trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi khi b1 2,5Hnh :

32

1

/,)4,1(

4213,1mmgS

bllHu

MkC

nh

y

++=

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi, imtnh ton ngoi vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi khi b1 > 2,5Hnh :

32

1

/,;)4,1(

55mmgSCC

blu

MkC xyx =+

=

32

/],)4,1(

42

.

6,0[

..3,1mmg

xbllHu

kMC

nh

x +++=

32

1

/],)4,1(

42

.

1[

..3,1mmg

bllHu

kMC

nh

x ++=


49/81

48

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi, im

tnh ton trong vng gi qun sau nh khi 0 < x 4Hnh :

31 /,;.

6,5mmgSCC

Hul

MmkC xy

nh

x ==

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi, imtnh ton ngoi vng gi qun sau nh khi x > 4Hnh :

31 /,;).(

15mmgSCC

xbul

MkC xyx =+

=

- Khu nh :

Ngun thi

b =< 2,5Hnh

Hnh

0,8

Hnh

1,8

Hn

Hnh


50/81

49

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi ca nhrng ng u hng gi, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia hai nh khi

4Hnh < x1 8Hnh :

31 /,;.

6,3mmgSCC

Hul

MmkC xy

nh

x ==

+ V tr ming thi kh bn ngoi vng gi qun trn mi pha n gi ca nhrng ng u hng gi khi H0,3, im tnh ton trong vng giqun gia hai nh khi 4Hnh < x1 8Hnh :

32

1

/],)4,1(

422[

.3,1mmg

xllxu

MmkCx +

+=

32

/],)4,1(

425,0[

.3,1mmg

xllHu

MmkC

nh

x ++=

332

1, /],)4,1(

202[

.3,1mmgS

xllxu

MmkC yx +

+=


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50

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc trn vng gi qun gia hai nh khi nhhp ng u hng gi, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia hai nh khi

Hnh < x1 6Hnh :

312

1

/,)4,1(

425,13,1mmgS

xbllxu

MkCy

+++=

+ V tr ming thi kh bn trong hoc trn vng gi qun gia hai nh khi nhhp ng u hng gi, im tnh ton trong vng gi qun gia hai nh khi

6Hnh < x1 10Hnh :

312

/,)4,1(

4225,03,1mmgS

xbllHu

MkC

nh

y

+++=

Trong cc cng thc trn :Cx, Cy - Nng cht nhim ti im tnh ton, mg/m

3.L Lu lng kh thi ca ngun thi, m3/s.M - Ti lng cht nhim thi vo kh quyn, mg/s.

k - H s kn nh hng ca cao tng i ca ngun thi.u - Vn tc gi trung bnh, m/s.S, S1, S2, S3 Cc h s tnh ton nng khong cch y vi lung kh thi.m H s th hin phn kh thi gy nhim i vi vng gi qun.Hnh- Chiu cao ca nh tnh t mt t n mi, m.l - Chiu di ca nh trc giao vi hng gi, m.b - B rng ca nh theo chiu song song vi hng gi, m.x - Khong cch t mt tng pha khut gi ca nh n im tnh ton, m.

x1 - Khong cch gia hai nh, m.H Chiu cao tng i ca ngun thi.

Kt qu tnh ton phi c tng hp trong bng v nh gi nng cht nhim max khong cch max ng vi trng hp v ma H, ma ng, ch tc thi (1h) v ch trung bnh (24h).

332,

/],

)4,1(

205,0[

.3,1mmgS

xllHu

MmkC

nh

yx

+

+= 32

1 /],)4,1(

425,1

[

.3,1

mmgxbllxu

Mk

Cx +++=

32 /],)4,1( 4225,0[.3,1

mmgxbllHu

MkCnh

x +++=


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Bng : Nng cht nhim trong khng kh xung quanh

Ch tnhton

Thi gian Nng cci (mg/m3)

Khong cchti ngun thi (m)

TCVN5937-2005

(mg/m3)Nng tc

thi (1h)Ma H

Ma ng

Nng trung bnh

(24h)

Ma HMa ng

3.4.6. nh gi kh nng chu ti mi trng ca dn

Kh nng chu ti vbi ttt c cc ngun thi

T nhng phn tch, nh gi trong mc trn, nh gi kh nng tc ng tngcng ca Bi t tt c cc ngun thi n mi trng xung quanh.

Kh nng chu ti vkhc ttt c cc ngun thiT kt qu tnh ton nng trung bnh 1 giv 24 gica cc cht kh c hido cc ngun thi gy ra, nh gi kh nng tc ng tng cng ca cc cht khc hi t tt c cc ngun thi n mi trng xung quanh.

3.4.7. nh gi tc ng i vi mi trng nc

Tc ng ca nc thi sinh hot

Da trn s cn b cng nhn vin lm vic ti cc khu vc ca nh my, ti

lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot xc nh trn, xc nhnng cc cht nhim khi thi ra mi trng v nh gi theo tiu chun quynh.

nh gi tc ng ca nc thi sn xut- i vi nc lm mt thit b, my mc.- i vi nc thi t qu trnh v sinh thit b, nh xng, b cha du.- i vi nc thi t qu trnh ti ra sn, kh bi.

d bo nh gi nh hng ca nc thi t cng ngh sn xut xi mng ivi cht lng ca ngun nc mt (ti p nhn nc thi), s dng m hnhkhuch tn cht nhim c lp trnh theo ngn ng Turbo Pascal xc nhnng cht nhim :


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52

+

+=

22

411

2

.exp

4 v

kD

D

vx

kDv

MC x

xx

Trong : C Nng cht bn ti im tnh ton (mg/l).M Ti lng ca cht bn (mg).

- Din tch tit din ca thi (m2).v Vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy (m/s).k H s phn hu cht bn theo thi gian.Dx H s khuch tn theo phng x (theo hng dng chy).

3.4.8. nh gi tc ng do cht thi rn

Tc ng ca cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn nh my c thnh phn gm ccloi vn phng phm qua s dng, thc phm tha v bao b cc loi. Tnglng rc sinh hot, thnh phn v tnh cht.

Tc ng ca cht thi rn cng nghip

- Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my, cht thi rn cng nghip pht sinh tcc qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, ri vi ca sn phm, bao b h hng,t cc thit b x l bi, x than, vt liu chu la qua s dng, t cc phnxng sa cha xe my, ckh, in... Tng lng cht thi rn cng nghip,thnh phn v tnh cht.

- Trong cc loi cht thi rn cng nghip ca nh my, cht thi rn nguy hinh gi lau dnh du m, cn du thi... v cht thi y t. Tng lng thi chotng loi, thnh phn v tnh cht.

3.4.9. nh gi tc ng ca ting nTing n l ngun gy nhim kh quan trng trong hot ng sn xut ca nhmy xi mng. Ting n cao hn tiu chun cho php s gy cc nh hng xun mi trng v trc tin l n sc kho ca ngi cng nhn trc tip snxut nh mt ng, mt mi, gy tm l kh chu, gim nng sut lao ng. Tipxc vi ting n c cng cao trong thi gian di s lm cho thnh lc gimst, dn ti bnh ic ngh nghip. Kh nng ting n ti cc cng on sn xutca nh my lan truyn ti mi trng xung quanh c xc nh nh sau :

Li = Lp - Ld - Lc - Lcx (dBA)Trong :Li Mc n ti im tnh ton cch ngun gy n mt khong cch d (m).


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Lp Mc n o c ti ngun gy n (cch 1,5m).Ld Mc n gim theo khong cch d tn s i.

Ld = 20 lg [(r2/r1)1+a] (dBA)

r1 Khong cch ti ngun gy n ng vi Lp (m).r2 Khong cch tnh ton gim mc n theo khong cch ng vi Li (m).

a H s kn nh hng hp th ting n ca a hnh mt t.Lc - gim mc n qua vt cn.Lcx - gim mc n sau cc di cy xanh.

Lcx = Ld + 1,5 Z + Bi (dBA)

Ld - gim mc n do khong cch (dBA)1,5Z - gim mc n do tc dng phn x ca cc di cy xanh.Bi Tng b rng ca cc di cy xanh (m). Z S lng di cy xanh.Bi Mc n gim do m thanh b ht v khuct tn trong cc di cy xanh. - Tr s h thp trung bnh theo tn s.Kt qu tnh ton mc gy n t cc cng on sn xut ca nh my ti mitrng xung quanh cc khong cch khc nhau theo bng sau :

Bng : Mc n gy ra t cc cng on sn xut xi mng

TT Thit b sn xutMc n im cchmy 1,5m

Mc n im cchmy 50m

Mc n khong cch

150m

Mc n khong cch

300m

Tiu chun TCVN 3985-1999 85TCVN 5949-1998 75 75 75

3.4.10. nh gi tc ng ti sc kho con ngi- S xm nhp cht c hi t qu trnh sn xut xi mng.- Cc tc ng ti sc kho con ngi khi tip xc.

3.4.11. nh gi ri ro mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh

- Ri ro v an ton s dng in.

- Ri ro v chy n.

- Ri ro v tai nn lao ng.

3.4.12. nh gi sc mi trng trong qu trnh vn hnh

- S c v tai nn ti cng.- S c n lc bi tnh in ng khi l nung.


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- S c n ni hi.


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55

CHNG 4.Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu,

phng nga v ng ph sc mi trng

4.1. NGUYN TC- Gim thiu ti mc ti a c thc ph hp vi cng ngh x l i viqu trnh hot ng sn xut xi mng ngay t giai on u.- Gii php bo v mi trng phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi cc mc tiuhot ng ca d n v ph hp vi ngun ti chnh ca chu t.- Lin tc kim tra s tun th cc quy nh v mi trng m chu tcam kt thc hin trong nghin cu kh thi ca d n c ph duyt.- Bo v mi trng v sc kho cng ng trong khu vc.

4.2. GII PHP BVMT TKHI LP DN U T

4.2.1. B tr mt bng sn xut- Tng dy chuyn hot ng c lp nhng vn c kh nng phi hp, h trnhau trong qu trnh vn hnh t hiu qu.- Bo m vic phn khu chc nng cng nh vic t chc tt h thng giaothng vn chuyn ni b.- B tr mt bng sn xut trn khu t c cu to a cht khng phc tp,khng phi x l nn mng tit kim chi ph u t.

- Qu trnh t chc chun b mt bng, thi cng xy dng, lp t thit b khnglm nh hng n mi trng xung quanh.

4.2.2. Phn khu chc nng cc hng mc cng trnh k thut

Cc hng mc cng trnh k thut cn b tr theo phn khu chc nng gm :

+ p, vn chuyn nguyn liu

+ Kho ng nht vi, st v nh lng nguyn liu

+ Tip nhn v cha cc nguyn liu khc

+ Nghin nguyn liu+ Nghin than

+ Sil ng nht v cp liu l

+ Thp trao i nhit cyclon

+ L nung


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+ Lm ngui clinker

+ Vn chuyn v cha clinker

+ Nghin clinker

+ Silo xi mng

+ ng bao

+ Xut xi mng

- H thng k thut :

+ H thng cp in v iu khin

+ H thng cp v x l nc

+ H thng kh nn

4.2.3. Gii php kin trc v kt cu cng trnh

Cc hng mc cng trnh ln nh kho vi, st, thp trao i nhit, ngkhi, sil, nh nghin, v tr cc cng xut, nhp...

4.3. GII PHP BVMT TRONG THI CNG XY DNG

4.3.1. Gim thiu tc ng trong san lp to mt bng

Bin php gim thiu nhim bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn to mt bngxy dng nh my.

4.3.2. Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng khBin php gim thiu nhim bi v cc cht kh c hi, hn ch cc tc ngxu ti mi trng xung quanh.

4.3.3. Gim thiu ting n v rung ng

Bin php gim thiu ting n v rung ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng.

4.3.4. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi

Bin php gim thiu, hn ch tc ng ca nc thi trong qu trnh thi cngxy dng ca d n.

4.3.5. Gim thiu nhim do nc ra tri b mt

Nc ma chy trn s cun theo t cc cht thi, vt liu ri vi, du m


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trn b mt t vo ngun nc, gy tc ng n mi trng t, nc. Binphp hn ch nhim do nc ma chy trn trn b mt.

4.3.6. Bin php kim sot nhim do cht thi rn trong xy dng

- i vi cht thi rn sinh hot.

- i vi cht thi xy dng.- i vi du mthi.

4.3.7. Bin php t chc thi cng xy lp

- B tr mt bng t chc thi cng.- Yu cu v thit b, my phc v thi cng cng trnh.- Bin php thi cng cc khoan nhi.

4.3.8. Bin php gim thiu cc tc ng khc- i vi sc kho ngi lao ng.- i vi vn an ton lao ng.- i vi vn x hi.

4.4. GII PHP BVMT TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG

4.4.1. Gii php ngn nga nhim v sc

y l mt trong nhng gii php rt quan trng v n cho php lm gim lng

cht thi ngay ti ngun thi v khc phc c nhng nh hng bt li i vimi trng do cc cht thi nhim gy ra.- La chn hng nh hp l s dng mt cch tt nht cc iu kin thnggi t nhin, ci thin mi trng lao ng bn trong nh xng.- Xc nh kch thc vng cch ly v sinh cng nghip gia cc hng mc cngtrnh ca nh my cng nh gia nh my v khu dn cm bo s thngthong gia cc cng trnh, hn ch lan truyn nhim, m bo phng chy,cha chy v gim thiu nhng nh hng trc ti p do cht thi i vi conngi v cc cng trnh xung quanh.

- p dng cng ngh tin tin, cng ngh sn xut sch, t cht thi.- Thc hin ch vn hnh thit b cng ngh.

4.4.2. Kim sot kh thi

- Cng on p v vn chuyn vi st.


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- Cng on nhn, gia cng v cha ph gia, nhin liu.

- Cng on ng nht sb.

- Cng on nghin nguyn liu.

- Cng on sil cha ng nht nguyn liu v cp liu cho l.

- Cng on vn chuyn v nghin than.

- Cng on l nung.

- Cng on vn chuyn v cha clinker.

- Cng on nghin xi mng.

- Cng on xut clinker, xut xi mng.

- Cng on ng bao xi mng.

4.4.3. Kim sot nc thi

Nguyn tc xl nc thi sn xut

X l nc thi sn xut l giai on cui cng ca h thng thot nc thi. Xl nc thi l qu trnh cng ngh lm cho nc thi trnn sch hn, tiuchun v sinh x vo mi trng tip nhn. la chn c phng phpcng nh dy chuyn cng ngh, cn thit phi xc nh mc XLNT. Trctin phi tnh ton xc nh s ln pha long nc thi vi nc ngun n ti

im tnh ton (im kim tra). Sau mc x l nc thiEtheo cc thngs tnh ton c xc nh theo cc phng trnh sau :

- i vi nc thi cha mt cht nhim :

cpng nCCC +0

100.0

nt

nt

C

CCE

= , %

Trong :

C0 - Nng cht nhim trong nc thi x ra ngun;Cnt- Nng cht nhim trong nc thi trc khi x l;Cng- Nng cht nhim trong ngun trc khi tip nhn nc thi;Ccp - Nng gii hn cho php ca cht nhim theo mc ch s dng;n - S ln pha long nc ngun vi nc thi ti im tnh ton;E- Mc x l nc thi cn thit.


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- i vi nc thi cha nhiu cht nhim :

ngingicpii CCCnC ,,,0, )( +

ntii

i CE

C ,0, )1001( =

11)100

1(11 ,

,

,

,

1


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60

hu c ln c kt hp vi bn th cp (ch yu l sinh khi vi sinh vt d),hnh thnh trong qu trnh x l sinh hc nc thi, x l theo cc bc tchnc sb, n nh sinh hc trong iu kin ym kh hoc hiu kh v lm kh.Bn cn sau x l c th s dng c lm phn bn .

- Giai on khtrng :

Sau qu trnh lm sch nc thi l yu cu bt buc i vi mt s loi ncthi hoc mt s dy chuyn cng ngh x l trong iu kin nhn to. Nh vy,nc thi ca cc nh my sn xut xi mng c x l nhm loi b cc yu tc hi l cc kim loi nng, du m, kim v cc tp cht k

3. huong dan dtm xi mang

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