3 unsaturated hc alkena

7/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena

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UNSATURATEDHIDROCARBONS


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Unsaturated hidrocarbons containscarbon-carbon double bonds.

Alkene = olefinAlkyne = acetylene

Aromatic compound = benzene ring


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ALKENE


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Alkena disebut juga olefin

Unsaturated hidrocarbon

Double bond Pembentuk minyak

Rumus !n"#n


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Sifat

$% alkena & $% alkana 'itik didih alkena & alkana

$erat jenis alkena & air 'idak larut dalam air ( larut dalam

pelarut organik Alkena lebih reaktif daripada alkana Produksi alkena menghasilkan

alkana ( alkohol


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Nomenclature(1)

). *elect the longest carbon-carbon chainthat cantains the double bond.

#. +ame the parent compound as you

,ould an alkene but change the aneending to ene for eample/ propane ischange to propene.

!"0 !"# !"0 !"0!"=!"# Propane Propene


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Nomenclature()

0. +umber the carbon chain of the parentcompound starting ,ith the end nearerto the double bond. Use the smaller of

the t,o numbers on the double-bondedcarbon atoms to indicate the position ofthe double bond. Place this number infront of the alkene name for eample/#-butene means that the carbon-carbon

double bond is bet,een carbon numbers# and 0.


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Nomenclature(!)

1. *ide chains and other groups aretreated as in naming alkanes/ bynumbering and assigning them tothe carbon atom to ,hich they arebonded.

College Chemistry_ch.22.2_p.551


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"ractice 1 #

2rite structural formulas of

). #-pentene

#. 3-methyl-#-octene0. 0-heene

1. 1-ethyl-#-heptene

4. 0/1-dimethyl-#-pentene


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$eometric I%omeri%m in Al&ene%(1)

5eometric isomer

= isomer that differ from each other

only in the geometry of themolecules and not in the order oftheir atoms.


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$eometric I%omeri%m in Al&ene%()

5eometric isomers are also called cis-trans isomers.

6f the t,o chlorine atoms are locked on opposite sides of

the double bond/ it is kno,n as the transisomer.

7trans from latin meaning 8across8 - as in transatlantic9.

6f the t,o chlorine atoms are locked on the same side ofthe double bond/ it is kno,n as the cisisomer.

7cis from latin meaning 8on this side89
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/cis_dce.molhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/cis_dce.molhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/cis_dce.molhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/trans_dce.mol


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$eometric I%omeri%m in Al&ene%(!)


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"racti%e

Dra, structural formulas and namesfor all the isomers of pentene/ !4"):.

6dentify all geometric isomers.6dentify ,hich one that ha;e cis-transisomers/ and dra, the cis-transisomers.


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C'cloal&ene%

A cycloalkeneor cycloolefinis a type ofalkenehydrocarbon,hich contains aclosed ring of carbonatoms/ but has no

aromaticcharacter.

cyclopropene cyclobutene cyclopentene cycloheptene
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromaticityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycloheptene.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyclopentene.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyclopropene_2D_skeletal.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyclobutene.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromaticityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene


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"rearation of Al&ene%

Crac&in*"'roli%i%

A+ala, emana%an ,i+ro&ar-on .enu, a+a

%u,u 'an %anat tini +an +enan-antuan &atali% %ili&a/alumina

Conto,#

C10H! C2H123 C2H10

al&ane al&ane al&ene


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De,'+ration of Alco,ol%

Al&o,ol +iana%&an a+a a%am %ulfat

ter&on%entra%i

Rea&%i#

Al&o,ol con4HSO1 al&ena 3 HO

Conto,#


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C 5 C 5 C 5 C 3HSO

OH

C 5 C 6 C 5 C 3HO

C 5 C 5 C 6 C 3HO


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Al&ene% ",'%ical "roertie%

T,e fir%t t,ree al&ene% are a%e%7 t,e interme+iate al&ene% are li8ui+% an+,i,er mem-er% of t,e olefin %erie% are 9a: li&e %oli+% at room temerature4

T,e al&ene% are in%olu-le in 9ater7 -ut are %olu-le in oranic %ol;ent%4 T,eli8ui+% an+ %oli+% ,a;e a +en%it' le%% t,an 9ater4

Compound Formula MP BP Density

oC oC (g/ml)

Ethylene C2H4 -!" -"2 "#$2%

Propene C&H$ -%' -4! "#$42

Butene C4H% -&" -$#' "#$&'$


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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%(1)

Comustion o *l+enes

T,e al&ene% are ,i,l' flamma-le an+ -urn

rea+il' in air7 formin car-on +io:i+e an+ 9ater4C2H4, & 2 2 C2, 2 H2


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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%()

*ddition.

*ddition o Hydrogen(,i+roenation)

*ddition o Halogen(,aloenation)

*ddition o Hydrogen Halide

*ddition o ater


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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%(!)

*ddition 0ea1tions a1ross the DouleBond (o:i+ation)

& H2CCH2, 2 3Mn4, 4 H2

2Mn2, 23H , CH2HCH2H

Ethylene ly1ol

Durin t,e o:i+ation of al&ene%7 t,e urle

colour of t,e ermananate %olution+i%aear% an+ t,e reaction con%titute% a te%t7&no9n a% Baeyer5s 6est7 to +etect un%aturationin an' comoun+4


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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%()

0ea1tion 7ith 8ulphuri1 *1idSimilarl'7 fumin %ul,uric aci+ a-%or-% et,'lene atroom temerature to form et,'l ,'+roen %ul,ate7 9it,muc, e;olution of ,eat4

C2H4, H284 C2H'#H84

If t,i% i% treate+ 9it, 9ater an+ 9arme+7 et,anol i%forme+4

heatC2H'#H84, H2 C2H'H , H284


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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%(


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Al&'ne%*Acet'lene


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Sifat#

*ifat hampir sama dengan alkena

$erupa gas tidak ber,arna

'idak larut dalam air ( gaspada tekanan ( suhu normal

*angat mudah terdekomposisi

*ebagai asetilen cair/ bersifatsangat sensitif dan dapat meledak.


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Nomenclature

'he procedure for naming alkynes isthe same as that for alkenes/ butthe ending used is yneto indicatethe presence of a triple bond.


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T,e name of %ome common al&'ne% #>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

?olecular Structural Common IU"AC

@ormula formula name name>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

CH H/CC/H Acet'lene Et,'ne

C!H1 CH!/CC/H ?et,'lacet'lene "ro'ne

C1H0 CH!CH/CC/H Et,'lacet'lene 1/But'neC1H0 CH!/CC/CH! Dimet,'lacet'lene/But'ne


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"reraration


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C,emical "roertie%

"idrogenation

"alogenation

"idrogen halida


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Aromatic H'+rocar-on


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Structure

Aromatic compounds benzene

!?"?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benzene_circle.svg


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Namin #

?ono%u-%titue+ Benene%

%onosubstitued benzenes are named byadding the name of the substituent

group as a prefi to the ,ord benzene.@amples


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Nitro-enene Et,'l-enene

C,loro-enene Bromo-enene
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bromobenzene.svg/400px-Bromobenzene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bromobenzene.svg&usg=__Xme4UydzRVJ23Drq3lCST7_mhQo=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=3iV0nOgn5bOmLM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbromobenzene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Chlorobenzene.svg/400px-Chlorobenzene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chlorobenzene.svg&usg=__JgRh6_z-Fkx5_0WyWQYmzhUZgo8=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=CkVHAemJ8ElVhM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchlorobenzene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://elchem.kaist.ac.kr/jhkwak/OkanaganPdb97/nomenclature/pdb/ar0010.gif&imgrefurl=http://elchem.kaist.ac.kr/jhkwak/OkanaganPdb97/nomenclature/ane-800.htm&usg=__hAA5GCiuZ6VmtgacKsMuSzbJGYU=&h=85&w=56&sz=1&hl=id&start=37&um=1&tbnid=HT_Skv6qxo_2iM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=50&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnitrobenzene%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D36%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Ethylbenzene.PNG&imgrefurl=http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ethylbenzene&usg=__L7GbXzCQnqXoCkTitX-bAtHM5lk=&h=155&w=95&sz=2&hl=id&start=11&um=1&tbnid=NBBejEmmgQOjOM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=59&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dethylbenzene%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1


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Certain mono%u-%titue+ -enene% ,a;e

%ecial name%4

?et,'l-enene 6 Toluene

H'+ro:'-enene 6 ",enol

in'l-enene 6St'rene

Benene car-o:'lic aci+ 6 Benenic aci+

Benene car-o:al+e,'+ 6 Benal+e,'+e

Amino-enene 6Aniline
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/images/styrene.gif&imgrefurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/polysty.htm&usg=__5lgCu91kDcBrfuBScSKv6AcXZwE=&h=143&w=118&sz=1&hl=id&start=61&um=1&tbnid=3lG4on1irwW1lM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstyrene%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Toluene.svg/400px-Toluene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toluene.svg&usg=__6sXqWrokpOw8XR9jAqImPHlEkeQ=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=VyAtagXpTBkyuM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtoluene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1


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Toluene ",enol St'rene

Benoic aci+ Benal+e,'+e Aniline
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://images.encyclopedia.com/getimage.aspx%3Fid%3D2793093%26hero%3Dyes&imgrefurl=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/benzoic_acid.aspx&usg=__IOTaX9fG1qzlBxkwVUPRWwgi0cw=&h=175&w=300&sz=6&hl=id&start=455&um=1&tbnid=RPK5IVWmjx4maM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenzoic%2Bacid%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D450%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Aniline-2D-skeletal.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aniline-2D-skeletal.png&usg=___bDhp2_MiniMm6KcjCUQp0USBdg=&h=1397&w=820&sz=13&hl=id&start=2&um=1&tbnid=z8Neszj5TFPk2M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Daniline%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/chem103/CH.9-Notes-CHEM%2520103/CHEM%2520103-CH.940.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/chem103/CH.9-Notes-CHEM%2520103/CHEM%2520103-CH.9.html&usg=__FWdlHILjZbJDdF1F0VyiJv4bFvw=&h=88&w=126&sz=2&hl=id&start=46&um=1&tbnid=DgBeWrpJ1L8_rM:&tbnh=63&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenzaldehyde%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D36%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/images/styrene.gif&imgrefurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/polysty.htm&usg=__5lgCu91kDcBrfuBScSKv6AcXZwE=&h=143&w=118&sz=1&hl=id&start=61&um=1&tbnid=3lG4on1irwW1lM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstyrene%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://lclane.net/pics/phenol.png&imgrefurl=http://lclane.net/text/phenol.html&usg=__wNxkfa8eMIUqvx73-0lLfIeYJjk=&h=146&w=200&sz=6&hl=id&start=16&um=1&tbnid=-JeFuDQPjG_ETM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphenol%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Toluene.svg/400px-Toluene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toluene.svg&usg=__6sXqWrokpOw8XR9jAqImPHlEkeQ=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=VyAtagXpTBkyuM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtoluene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1


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C0H0rou i% &no9n a% ,en'l*;enil

T,e name ,en'l i% u%e+ to name comoun+% t,atcannot ea%il' -e name+ a% -enene +eri;ati;e%4

E:amle #


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Namin #

Di%u-%titue+ Benene%

+ames monosubstitued benzene

@cept dimethylbenzene ha;e specialname ylene.


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Ortho, meta, and parasubstitution


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Ketentuan

Ortho / para : Meta :(dari yang paling kuat) (dari yang paling kuat)

NH2 NO2

OR NOH !O"H

OOR HO

R OR# OOH

OOR


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Namin #

"ol'%u-%titue+ Benene%

2hen there are more than t,osubstituents on a benzene ring/ thecarbon atoms in the ring arenumbered starting at one of thesubstituted groups.


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"ol'c'clic Aromatic Comoun+%


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C,emical "roertie%

"alogenation 7chlorinationBbromination9

+itration

Alkylation 7idation of side chain

3 unsaturated hc alkena

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