311 electo silva gasificación de biomasa para la generación de energía eléctrica
TRANSCRIPT
Gasificación de biomasa para la
generación de energía eléctrica
IV Congreso de Energias Renovables y Biocombustibles, UNAL, Lima, Perú
Prof. Dr. Electo Eduardo Silva Lora
NEST/IEM/UNIFEI
Itajubá city location in Brazil
Itajubá: 88000 inhabitants
4 universities
Itajubá: 88000 inhabitants
4 universities
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF ITAJUBA
FOUNDED IN 1913 BY TEODOMIRO SANTIAGO
Students: now 2200 to be increased up to 6000 in 2012
400 graduate students
Professors: now 200 up to 470 in 2012
Mechanical Engineering Institute
EXCELLENCE GROUP IN THERMAL POWER AND
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION - NEST
Professor Dr. Electo S. Lora
Professor Dr. Osvaldo J.
Venturini
Professor Dr. Ricardo D. M. Carvalho
Professor Dr. Vladimir M.
Cobas
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION - NEST
++++ PhD and Master degree students
Professor Dr Rubenildo
Vieira Andrade
Professor DrJosé Carlos
Escobar Palacio
Qualification courses
Systems and process
Power plants diagnostic
Gas microturbines
Training of power plants operators
Biomass and solar energy
Training
RenewablesGENERAL
RESEARCH
AREAS
process modeling
microturbines
Fuel Cells
Stirling enginesCogeneration and
trigenerationPollutants control and sustainability
Thermodynamics and heat transfer
Environment
DG equipment
H2 SYNGAS FOR SOFC
BIOMASS GASIFICATION
BIOENERGY
PROCESS INTEGRATION
BIODIESEL AND SYNGAS
IN GMT
BIOMASS STIRLING
ENGINES
BIOMASS GASIFICATION
BIOFUELS LCA AND SUSTAINABILITY
ACTIVITIES
Our laboratories
Gas microturbines and chiller
Traning center for
power plants operators
Steam cycle
Solo Stirling engine
Bubbling bed gasifier
Refrigeration and
air conditioning
ETC…..
PUBLISHED BOOKS
IN 2010
PUBLISHED BOOKS
INTRODUCCIÓN
Agotamiento de las reservas de combustibles fósiles
Efecto estufa, calentamiento global ycambio climático
Norman Lior, 2008
BIOMASS TO LIQUIDS (BTL)
Biocombustíveis de 2G
Baseados na celulose e
hemicelulose os componentes mais abundantes na
biomassa
Foust, 2010
Foust, 2010
Fontes de Biomassa
Resíduos da Floresta
Resíduos de desbaste
Lascas de madeira
Resíduo de madeira urbana
Resíduos
Agrícolas
Fração de milho
Casca de arroz
Bagaço da cana
Colheita energética
Gramíneas
Arbustos
Etanol lignocelulósico por la ruta Etanol lignocelulósico por la ruta bioquimica: esquemas,
problemas a superar y custos
Biomassa Biomassa lignocelulósicalignocelulósica
FONTE: www.aneel.gov.br- Composição geral da biomassa
Biocombustibles por la ruta Biocombustibles por la ruta termoquímica: líquidos FT, DME,
etanol y gás natural sintético
NREL, TCS 2010
ELECTRICITY
BIOMASS GASIFICATION
BIOFUELS
245242322122266.044.1 76.376.3 mNCHxOHxCOxCOxHxmNmOOwHOCH +++++=+++
Gás sem tratamento
Biomassa
Gaseificador
Lavadores
MCITurbina a gás
Caldeira
Calor
Eletricidade
LIMPEZAACIONADOR PRIMÁRIO
Craqueamento em leito catalítico
Gás limpo
Termo craqueamento
Craqueamento Catalítico
Motor Stirling
Cogeração
Reforma
"Shift"Sintese
Conversão
Célula combustível
Metano
Amônia
GasolinaMetanol
Álcool
MCI
SINTESE
Biomass gasification based technologies
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
GAS MICROTURBINESGAS MICROTURBINES
STIRLING ENGINES
FUEL CELLS
GASIFICATION + ICE
Derating (20-30%)
TimingTiming
Gas cleaning
Compression ratio
BIOMAX 15
Gaseificadores alotérmicosGaseificadores alotérmicosPlanta de Gussing, Áustria Planta de Gussing, Áustria
Usos do Gás de Síntese
46
47
CHOREN Carbo-V Process
TCS, 2010
Syngas/methanol/gasoline,Tarud et al,, NREL, TCS 2010
Pulp and paper International, October 2009
GASIFICATION
AT NEST
TAR AND PARTICLE
CONTENT MEASUREMENT
GAS COMPOSITION
MEASUREMENT
Double stage downdraft gasifier at NEST/UNIFEI
Biomass characteristics
Biomass size adequation for the gasifier
Tested engine –Nominal power 10 Kwe. Achieved power during the tests with poor gas 6 kWe
Thermocouples
location
Cold efficiency and gas power performance for each experimental condition
AR: Ratio between first and second stages air flows (%).
CO emissions in the engine exhaust
Tests results for the three evaluated gasifiers
Present activities of NEST/IEM/UNIFEI in
the field of biomass gasification
• Implementation of gasification procedures for synthesis
gas production (O2 + Steam).
• Small gasification unit built-up for kinetic studies
• RDF gasification demonstration plant
• Biomass/Solar hybrid system
• LCA and exergoeconomics of BTL biofuels (Biochemical
and thermochemical routes).
