35 most important chess principles
TRANSCRIPT
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What’s in the Ebook?
TeChessWorld.com 35 Most Important Chess Principles | Contents
Tis guide will teach your about 35 most important chess principles. Some o thesematerials were previously published on TeChessWorld.com and more than 50,000chess players have learned rom these materials. Now you have a unique chance tolearn rom these ideas or yoursel.
Here is what you will learn rom this ebook:
- Most Important Positional Principles
- Most Important Opening Principles
- Most Important Middlegame Principles
- Most Important Attacking Principles
- Most Important Endgame Principles
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MOST IMPORTANTPRINCIPLES OF
POSITIONAL CHESS
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1. IMPROVE ALL OF YOUR PIECES
Improving positioning o your own pieces is one o the most important principles o chess. Tatis something common to both “tactical” and “maneuvering” type o positions.
Every tempi invested in improvement o your pieces will greatly benefit you in the long run. Inorder to attack or deend effectively your pieces need to be properly positioned, on the squareswhere they can perorm at their best.
ake a look at the position below. White has plenty o ways to improve their pieces. For example:
• Bb2 – occupying the long diagonal, where bishop is the strongest• Re1 – occupying an open file, where rook is the strongest• Ne4 positioning the knight at the center
TeChessWorld.com Most Important Principles of Positional Chess | 1
White to move
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2. CREATE FAVORABLE PAWN STRUCTURE
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White to move
Tis is something that many chess players understand, but not many players manage to achievein their games. Te reason being, most likely, because they get disrupted by other “more impor-
tant chess matters” and never have time to worry about simple things like pawn structure.
Te truth is, by creating a avorable pawn structure (the one which suits your pieces best) younot only improve your own pieces, but also make your opponent’s play ar less comortable.
In the example below, white is about to play …c5. Tat simple move has a deep meaning behindit. I you take a look at the white’s pawn chain, you may notice that all o the pawns are locatedon dark squares.
Since black has a dark squared bishop, closing the position on dark squares would make a loto sense, because white’s knight can easily exploit the closed center. At the same time, black’sbishop doesn’t have many useul moves.
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3. RESTRICT YOUR OPPONENT’S PIECES
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White to move
Restricting your opponent’s pieces is a very powerul technique.
In the previous example we saw how we can create a avorable pawn structure to improve ourown pieces’ activity as well as to reduce mobility o the opponent’s pieces. Te same can also be
done when one o our pieces restricts the movement o the opponent’s piece or pieces.
In the example below white’s bishop completely dominates black’s knight. Te knight has nomoves, because all o the squares d7,e6,g6,h7 are controlled by the bishop. [Here is an examplewhen the opposite is true: the knight dominates the bishop.]
Despite the act that the material is equal, black already has a losing position, and key reasonis the restricted knight. White continued with 1.c5! restricting the king to a7, ollowed by 2.h4
running the pawn towards the promotion square. Soon black will have to give up his knight orthat pawn.
Tis examples contradicts to common rule that i your opponent has a dark squared bishop you
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4. NEUTRALIZE YOUR OPPONENT’S PLAN
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Black to move
Understanding what your opponent is planning to do and interering with his plan is a very im-portant ability. By constantly staying alert and questioning all o the opponent’s moves you willbe able to stay one move ahead in the game, which is typically enough to win.
In the example below black is planning to relocate his knight on e4-square via d7-6-e4 maneu- ver. Since white saw that coming, he took necessary precautions to prevent that rom happen-ing. White played 1.Nd3 ollowed by 2. N2 covering the important e4-square first.
Black’s plan ailed. Notice that the exchange o rook does not help black to position the knighton e4.
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5. ACCUMULATE SMALL ADVANTAGES
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White to move
Positional chess is all about accumulating many small and very small advantages and using themwhen the time is right. In the position below white already has some o such advantages.
Tey control an open e-file, black’s a-pawns are weak, the a7-bishop is a bad piece and the d5-knight is very well placed.
Tat is more than enough to launch a winning attack via 1.Re7.
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6. CONVERT TEMPORARY ADVANTAGES
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White to move
It is indeed important to possess advantages in the game o chess. However, what’s good aboutthese temporary advantages, i they are well… temporary. In order to ully benefit rom tempo-rary advantages, we need to use them wisely and convert into permanent ones.
Tat typically means we need to act ast, beore our opponent gets rid o them, or patches them.
In the example below we have that kind o situation. Black’s king temporarily got stuck in thecenter. I white does not act ast, black will castle and the position will equalize. White hassomething in mind.
1... e4 2. Rxe4+! Sacrificing the rook to open up the position. Nxe4 3. Qxe4+ Kd8 4. Ne5 +- andwhite is winning. Notice how white skillully converted a temporary advantage (inability tocastle) into a permanent one.
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7. DO NOT RUSH
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White to move
Tat is one o the very important chess principles applicable to all stages o the game rom open-ing to the endgame. Tis principle does not mean that you need to waste tempis, but it says thatyou need to prepare careully beore attempting any serious positional changes.
In the position below white has an advantage o two central pawns. Indeed he can push themright away, but that wouldn’t be wise.
Instead, he prepares the push first, by playing moves like 4, Kh1, Rd1 and Re1. Afer the prepa-ratory moves everything will be ready or a strong attack in the center, which will most likelywin the game.
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CHESS IS
THE ART
OF ANALYSIS.
“ MIKHAIL BOTVINNIK.
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MOST IMPORTANTOPENINING
PRINCIPLES
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8. DEVELOP PIECES RAPIDLY
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Black to move
It is not a secret that the main objective o opening is development. Even though it sounds likecommon sense it is not the case or many amateur players. Some players use this phase o thegame or quick queen checks, pawn hunt and launch o unprepared attack.
Needless to say, that afer their cheap shots ail (and that happens in 99% o the games) they endup in deep trouble. Imaging being way behind in development, with an exposed king stuck atthe center, under attack o opponent’s rooks and the queen.
Not a very pleasant position to be in. Focus on rapid development and you won’t be one o these“unlucky” players that lose in 15 moves.
In the position below Black is 2 pawns up but he is so much behind in development that thegame is already lost.
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9. DON’T MOVE THE SAME PIECE TWICE
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Black to move
Tis is a general rule to remember. ypically you want to move each piece just once during the
opening phase. Unless there is a very good reason (serious material gain, checkmate, etc.) tomove the piece twice, it should be avoided.
Give a chance to other pieces to get developed beore you start repositioning already developedpieces.
It seems like white ound a nice attacking move Nb5, threatening a vulnerable c7 square. Butthis move was an inaccuracy because it violates one o the basic opening principles o not mov-ing the same piece twice.
Black can easily deend with Q7, simultaneously opening the diagonal or the light squaredbishop. White just lost a tempo. It would’ve been better or white just to play O-O.
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10. DON’T MAKE UNNEEDED PAWN MOVES
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Black to move
Don’t spend valuable time in the opening making unnecessary pawn moves.
Generally speaking, you should only make pawn moves when they are needed to de velop the
pieces (central pawns, fianchetto, etc.) Especially avoid prophylactic pawn pushes; they don’t doany good in the opening.
White just played an unorced pawn move h3. Tis is not very good move because it loses time.Better is just Qe2+ or Nxd5.
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11. DEVELOP KNIGHTS BEFORE BISHOPS
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Black to move
Tere are many reasons to develop knights beore bishops. First o all, the knight is a shortrange piece, meaning that it only can control the nearby squares. I a knight is not developed itseffectiveness is close to zero.
At the same time, a bishop is a long range piece and can control many squares even rom theback rank.
Also, by developing the bishop beore the knight you are leaving a knight’s pawn unprotected.
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12. DON’T EXCHANGE DEVELOPED PIECES
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White to move
In order to develop a piece you invest a valuable chess resource: time. I you exchanged a well-positioned piece or an undeveloped counterpart you are losing tempos, and that’s somethingyou definitely want to avoid in the opening.
Use these tempos to develop more pieces instead!
In the position below it is not a good idea or white to play Bxb8 because it will lose a tempo.
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13. CASTLE EARLY
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White to move
Putting the King to saety is one o the priorities o the opening. Keep in mind that contrary to apopular belie it is much harder to attack the castled king.
At the same time, castling connects the rooks, allowing them to work more efficiently. Alwayscastle early in the game!
Following this simple rules will save you handul o games.
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14. CONTROL MORE SPACE
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White to move
Te spatial advantage is a very important aspect o chess. Generally speaking a player that pos-sesses a spatial advantage has control o the game.
Space allows you to much more efficiently coordinate the pieces or both attack and deense, atthe same time preventing your opponent rom doing the same.
In our training course we have excellent examples and a much deeper explanation o how spa-tial advantage can be effectively used and converted into the win.
Notice how white advanced his pawns to occupy more space.
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AN OUNCE OF
COMMON SENSE CAN
OUTWEIGHT A TON
OF “VARIATIONS”.
“ SAVIELLY TARTAKOWER.
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MOST IMPORTANT ATTACKING
PRINCIPLES
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15. ALWAYS CREATE A THREAT WITH YOUR MOVE
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White to move
Creating a threat with every move is one o the most important principles o attacking chess.I your move possesses a threat, your opponent will have a much harder time realizing his ownplans since he would have to utilize his resources to deal with the threats first.
Always try to find a move that threatens your opponent’s saety.
ake a look at the position below. It seems white is losing material because his queen, 2 pawnsand the knight are in danger. I white plays passively he will lose a pawn and his advantage.White however, finds a strong counter-attacking move: 1. Qg3!
Not only this move protects his own knight, but also it threatens black’s knight as well as pre-pares a discovered attack on the queen (afer Nh5+). Now black will be the one losing a piece.
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16. EXPLOIT YOUR OPPONENT’S WEAKNESSES
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White to move
Weaknesses come in different shapes and orms. Ofen, they need to be created beore you canully exploit them. I your opponent already has a weakness you need to regroup your orcesand attack it.
In the example below the material is equal. However, black has a very weak, backward c7-pawn.White regroups his orces and puts maximum pressure on the pawn.
Te important idea that many amateur players don’t understand is that even though white can-not win the c7-pawn right away , he gets an enormous advantage in pieces activity.
Compare how white pieces are positioned compared to their black’s counterparts. Te positionis technically won or white.
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17. CONCENTRATE YOUR PIECES BEFORE ATTACK
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White to move
Beore you launch a massive attack, you need to make all necessary preparations. Not preparingthe attack is a huge mistake that can turn out to be very costly.
By concentrating pieces in the region o the board where you plan to attack, you will have allavailable resources, increasing the possibility o success.
In the position below white is attacking on the king’s side. He plays 1.Qh2, bringing the queenon the h-file and threatening black king’s saety. Next, white will play something like 2.Ne5 instead o taking the pawn, ocusing on king’s side in general and not thinking about the smallmaterial gain.
“Not rushing” is a very important concept in many chess positions. It is much better to preparean attack and to mate an opponent, than simply to win a pawn.
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18. WHEN YOU ATTACKING OPEN THE POSITION
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Black to move
Tis is a common sense rule, and still many players ignore that simple idea. I you have an at-tack in progress, it makes sense to open the position even urther to allow your bishops androoks to take use o that open space.
In the position below black was greedy in the opening and grabbed some pawns in expense odevelopment. Now his queen is misplaced and the king is under attack. White just played 1.d4! taking advantage o black king’s vulnerable position.
Te idea is to open the e-file and to include the rooks and queen in the attack. Black is alreadyis trouble.
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19. EXCHANGE OFF KEY DEFENDERS
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White to move
By exchanging off the key deender in the opponent’s position you will make the attack muchstronger. Keep in mind that the key deender is not always the strongest piece.
Let’s take a look at the position below. White prepared an attack on the king’s side, by openingh-file and doubling the rooks. However, white cannot advance onto h8 because the black’s darksquared bishop deends that important square.
Te g7-bishop is the key deender in this position. White’s plan is to exchange it off. Tereore,the move is obvious 1.Bc3!
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20. IF YOU HAVE INITIATIVE AVOID EXCHANGES
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White to move
Tis rule may seem to contradict with the previous one. Let me clariy what it means. Eventhough you should exchange off the key deenders in the opponent’s position, you should avoidunnecessary exchanges since it will only benefit your opponent.
Fewer pieces mean ewer attacking possibilities and ewer things to worry about. Tat’s notwhat we should go afer.
In the position below white has significant advantage. He is a pawn up and the black king’s sideis weak. White needs to avoid trading queens and ollowed by lifing the rook to g3.
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21. ATTACKING ON BOTH SIDES OF THE BOARD
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White to move
Tis is a very powerul technique that you should use in your own games. When your opponentwas able to deend on one side o the board, you should relocate your pieces on the other sideand continue the attack .
In the example below black deends queen’s side with both rooks and the king pretty well.
Tereore, white changes direction o the attack and relocates his pieces on h-file winning mate-rial.
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NO PRICE IS TOO
GREAT FOR THE
SCALP OF
THE ENEMY KING
“ KOBLENTZ.
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MOST IMPORTANTMIDDLEGAME
PRINCIPLES
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22. CENTRALIZE YOUR PIECES
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White to move
It is a well-known act that in the center pieces control a lot more squares than elsewhere. Tisis especially important rule to remember when dealing with the knights. Te knights can con-trol as many as 8 squares when centralized, while only 2 square i cornered.
It is true that bishops can be very effective rom the flank. However, in the center they are moremobile and control both parts o the board. Te same goes or the queen. I it is sae, bishopsand queen should be centralized as well as knights.
Notice how white has centralized our o his pieces.
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23. TRADE YOUR FLANK PAWNS
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White to move
Te central pawns are generally considered to be more valuable than the flank pawns. Tis isbecause central pawns allow controlling important central squares (d4-d5-e4-e5) which can beused to support pieces and develop a strong attack not only in the center but also on the king’s
or queen’s side. At the same time central pawns provide space and increase pieces mobility.
Tereore, it is recommended not to trade your central pawns or the opponent’s flank pawns. In act you should do the opposite and exchange your flank pawns or the opponent’s centralpawns.
White should play xe3 to create a strong pawn center with e-d-c pawns.
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24. AVOID PAWN WEAKNESSES
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White to move
A pawn weakness is something that can give your opponent an instant edge and allow him aneasy game by exploiting them.
Tat is something that can turn an otherwise equal endgame into a loss. o avoid endgametrouble you need to take care o the pawn structure right rom the opening and middle-game.
Avoid doubled, backward, and isolated pawns.
In the position below both white and black have serious pawn weaknesses. White has doubledand backward pawns, while black have isolated pawns.
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25. AVOID CREATING WEAK SQUARES
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Black to move
A weak square is a square that cannot be protected by a pawn. Weak squares in your positionare perect candidates or becoming strong outposts or your opponent’s pieces.
Te closer the weak square is to your king’s position or to the center, the bigger trouble it usu-ally creates. Always be careul with pawn advances, since that is what creates the weak squares.
Pawns can’t go back.
On the diagram below white has a weak 3 square right next to his king’s position. It can besoon used by the black’s knight and queen to create mating threats.
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26. ALWAYS BLOCKADE OPPONENT’S ISOLATED PAWN
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Black to move
An isolated pawn is a powerul weapon and can be used by your opponent to launch a strongattack, because it supports pieces and provides extra space.
Another danger o isolated pawn is that it can be pushed orward at the right time causingmany problems. Tat’s why it is very important to always blockade opponent’s isolated pawn toavoid complications.
Te best piece or this purpose is indeed the knight.
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27. OCCUPY OPEN FILES WITH YOUR ROOKS
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White to move
It is no secret that rooks work best on open files. I there is an open file available your instinc-tual move should be to occupy the file with your rook.
Next step should be to double your rooks on the open file. I there are no open files available,you can occupy a semi-open file that you can orce open later.
In the position below white has serious positional advantage because he is controlling the openfile - main element o the position.
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28. KEEP THE BISHOP PAIR
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White to move
Te bishop pair is very powerul in most positions. Only i position is totally locked up the twoknights may be stronger than a bishop pair.
Avoid giving up one o your bishops in the opening or early middle-game just to create doubledpawns in your opponent’s pawn structure. In most cases the attacking potential o the bishoppair overweight the pawn structure deects.
In the position below white has a serious positional advantage due to the possession o thebishop pair.
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BEFORE
THE ENDGAME
GODS HAVE PLACED
THE MIDDLEGAME
“ SIEGBERT TARRASCH.
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MOST IMPORTANTENDGAME
PRINCIPLES
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29. CENTRALIZE YOUR KING AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
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Black to move
Tis is by ar the most undamental endgame rule. Surprisingly many amateurs neglect thisimportant principle ofen missing a big opportunity to win or draw the game.
Te idea o centralizing the king is rather simple. In the endgame, when majority o the piecesare gone, the king becomes a powerul weapon and should actively participate in the game tosupport his own pawns and piece as well as to attack the opponent’s ones.
Te first step o your thinking in any endgame position should be how to centralize your king
quickly and efficiently.
In the position below white has serious advantage because they centralized the king threemoves earlier than black.
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30. WHEN YOU UP IN PAWNS EXCHANGE PIECES
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Black to move
Tis is a pretty straightorward rule to understand. I you up a pawn, with pieces on the boardthe position may still be ambiguous.
However, i you simpliy the position urther by taking pieces off the board, the extra pawn willimmediately play a greater role and can even decide an outcome o the game.
In the position below white is up a pawn. Tat’s why it is a good idea or them to trade theminor pieces. By orcing that exchange white will be able to easily take advantage o the extrapawn, winning the game.
You should be very careul about exchanging pawns in positions like shown above. In the ex-treme situation, afer exchanging all o the pawns you will end up in a Knight + Pawn vs. Knight
endgame which may easily end in a draw, because black will simple give up his knight or apawn.
o avoid this scenario, i you up some pawns, exchange pieces, not the pawns.
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31. OBTAIN AN OPPOSITION
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Opposition is a powerul endgame technique. It is commonly used to orce the opponent’s kingaway rom the pawns, giving up control o the key squares. Generally, a side that holds an op-position has a positional advantage, ofen winning or drawing the game.
Position below is the most classical example o the opposition. I it is white’s turn to move thegame is drawn, because white cannot penetrate black’s position without advancing the pawn.
I it is black’s turn to move, black needs to give up space and loses. In other words, the side thatholds an opposition has some sort o advantage which is enough to win or save the game.
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32. FLANK PAWNS ARE STRONG AGAINST THE KNIGHTS
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White to move
Knight is a short range piece and it has especially hard times in the endgame positions involv-ing passed flank pawns.
For example, in the position below black’s knight cannot stop the passed rook pawn due toknight’s low mobility and inability to reposition itsel into a better deending position on time.
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33. PLACE THE ROOKS BEHIND PASSED PAWNS
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Black to move
Tis is another very important rule to remember. Many amateur players disregard this simplerule placing the rook in ront o the passed pawn and then have trouble converting the advan-tage.
Don’t make that mistake and always remember to place the rook behind the passed pawn. Tisplacement o the rook supports the pawn all the way through the promotion square and alsomakes it possible to threaten the opponent’s king or pawns rom the sae distance.
You should also keep this rule in mind when you’re attacking opponent’s passed pawns. Byplacing your rook behind the opponent’s passer, you control the pawn all the way through thepromotion square making it much harder to deend.
In the position below white has placed his rook behind the passed pawn and supports it all the
way to the promotion square.
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34. CREATE A PASSED PAWN
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Black to move
Creating a passed pawn should be one o the priorities in the endgame. Passed pawn possessesa large value due to the possibility o promotion.
In act, a passed pawn is so valuable that i it reaches the 7th rank it is worth a rook.
It is especially easy to create a passed pawn i you have a pawn majority on one side o theboard.
In the example below, white can easily create a passed pawn by first exchanging the b-pawn onthe opponent’s c-pawn and then exchanging off the opponent’s b-pawn.
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35. IF YOU’RE EXCHANGE DOWN AVOID ROOK TRADE
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White to move
I you have a minor piece or a rook (aka exchange down) you should save the remaining rook,since this is the only piece that can guard open files and ranks. Without this piece your positionwill collapse and the pawns will all.
In the position below black is exchange down. White offers a rook trade, but black wisely rejectsit attacking white’s weakness the backward b-pawn.
With a correct play black has a good chance to draw this position.
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