During that long, wet period before field work started last week Dale Hemminger re-viewed the planting seasons on Hemdale Farms since 1976. Dale looked at the date of

the first cabbage or beet planting as an indication of the earliness of the spring. He also looked at the date when corn planting was (mostly) completed, an indication of both the earliness of the spring and how favorable it was overall for planting. Note: In the mid-90s Hemdale Farms increased herd size and corn acreage signifi-cantly. It also acquired a farm with soils lighter than its typical Honeoye-Lima soils. A summary of Dale’s findings is below. For the complete file of planting dates and years contact Carol at crm6@cornell.edu. (C. MacNeil)

Volume 7, Issue 8 May 18, 2011

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University

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Contents General

35 Years of Planting Seasons ................................... 1 Hardening Off Greenhouse-Grown Transplants ..... 2

Dates .......................................................................... 7 Organic Producers: Safe Harvest & Handling Mtg .. 4

Sponsors ..................................................................... 7

Weather Charts .......................................................... 7

Crops Crops: Tidbits & Insights .......................................... 4 Asparagus Spear Injury ............................................ 2 Cabbage Maggot Control ........................................ 3 Carrots: Weed Management ................................... 5 Onion Transplants: Susceptible to Onion Maggot .. 4 Potato Seed Rots Reduce Stand & Vigor ................. 6

Soils Cover Crops ............................................................. 5

35 Years of PLANTING SEASONS

From Dale Hemminger, Hemdale Farms, Seneca Castle

Years of Earliest

Cabbage Planting

April 14 - 17

Years of Latest Start to

Cabbage Planting

May 4 - 20

Years of Earliest

Completion of Corn Planting

May 5 - 9

Years of Latest

Completion of Corn Planting

June 1 - 13

1977 1980 1982 1978

1981 1983 1986 1984

2005 1991/93 1987 1989

2006 1996 1988 1996

2009 1999 2003 2000

2010 2000 2006 2002

May 18, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 8 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 2

Growing conditions in the greenhouse – fertilization, irrigation, light, tem-perature, relative humidity and wind - are near-optimum, resulting in seed-lings with very tender and fragile tis-sue. Therefore, transplants that are moved directly from the greenhouse to the field undergo a significant stress, called “transplant shock” that may severely affect establishment and performance.

To minimize transplant shock, trans-plants should be subjected to the “hardening” process prior to trans-planting. Hardening off of trans-plants in the greenhouse is achieved by reducing progressively the amount and frequency of irrigation and by reducing greenhouse tem-perature by 5 to 10°F. If temperatures below 40°F are forecast, bring the plants indoors or cover them up. If greenhouse temperature reduction is not possible, withholding water should

Hardening improves transplant resil-ience by reducing its growth rate, thickening the cuticle, increasing tissue dry matter content which reduces the amount of freezable water, and in-

creasing the amount of antho-cyanins (pink pigments) in the shoot. These physiological and bio-chemical changes improve adapta-bility of the transplants to extreme weather conditions like cool or hot temperature, water stress, high winds, direct sun exposure, and nutrient stress. For vegetables like cabbage, tomato, lettuce and egg-plant, the development of a pink color in the stem, petioles and veins is a good indication that the trans-plants are ready to withstand ad-

verse field conditions.

Apply water and fertilizer to get trans-plants growing again in the field and to help them avoid transplant shock.

provide acceptable results. Alterna-tively, transplants can be hardened by moving them from the greenhouse to a lath house for progressive adaptation to outside conditions. Whether con-

ducted directly in the greenhouse or in a lath house, the hardening process should take 7 to 14 days prior to trans-planting. It is not recommended to use nutrient stress as a process for harden-ing vegetable transplants.

Hardening Off Greenhouse-Grown Transplants

Mathieu Ngouajio, MSU Extension News: May 11, 2011 (edited by C. Hoepting)

Recent incidences of injury to early emerging asparagus spears are at least partially due to soil particles treated with the herbicide Chateau blowing onto the spears and causing purple spotting, scoring and in some cases bent spears. Injury was observed in MA

and cause injury. The manufacturer also cautions that harrowing, disking, or other practice that disturbs soil prior to Chateau application can make the problem worse. This is because there are more loose particles on freshly cul-tivated soil that would be susceptible to wind erosion. This problem can be temporary, decreasing or disappearing in spears emerging after the Chateau is incorporated with water. Untreated soil particles blown onto spears under dry, windy conditions can have a ‘sand-blasting effect’ and cause injury as well. Pictures of the injury symptoms are posted at http://www.longislandhort.cornell.edu/vegpath/photos/asparagus.html. The field where these spears grew was roto-tilled before herbicide application and rain did not occur afterwards as it had in 2010. Weed control was very good in the affected field, reflecting the excel-lent activity of this product.

Asparagus Spear Injury

Andy Senesac and Sandy Menasha, CCE Suffolk Co.; and Meg McGrath, Cornell

Purple spotting, scoring and bent spears due to particles treated with the herbicide Chateau blowing onto the spears.

and Long Island, NY. The manufac-turer’s representatives caution that it is very important to observe the label requirement of at least a two-week period between application and first spear emergence. However, if there has not been significant rain (or irriga-

tion) between the time of appli-cation and spear emergence, then it is possible for treated soil particles to blow onto the spears

May 18, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 8 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 3

Emergence of the overwintering population of cabbage maggot (CM) as adult flies is 25 to 75% complete across our region. This event coincides with the flowering of Yellow Rocket (yellow-flowered weed on edges of fields). The cool and moist soil conditions that we are experiencing are very favorable for emergence of adults, and egg and larval survival. Emerged flies mate and lay eggs, which hatch in 2 - 10 days, depending on temperature. CM larvae feed on the roots of young plants and tunnel their way into the root, disrupting the vascular system of the plant, resulting in death or severe stunting. Above-ground symptoms include wilting and stunting. When the plant is uprooted, white maggots up to 0.25 inch in length with black mouthparts should be evident. Look for brown tunnels in stems and roots. Older plants are much larger and can tolerate CM feeding. Unfortunately, once plants are established, there is nothing that can be done to control CM.

Diazinon (labeled only on broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage and rutabagas) and Lorsban can be used at transplanting as an in-furrow application or immediately after planting as a directed banded spray (rates based on 4-inch band). A minimum of 40 gpa should be used when Lorsban is applied as a band. Do not add any adjuvants, surfactants or spreader stickers. Check the pH of your tank-mix, it should not be alkaline or greater than 7, or else Lorsban does not work properly. Lorsban is also labeled to use as a pre-plant incorporated application, which is sprayed on to the soil surface, and then incorporated into the top 2-4 inches of soil. Make sure that the proper rate of Lorsban and depth of incorporation is used, or else the product will be diluted and off-target, leading to control failures. Diazinon can be used on seedbeds, broadcast and incorporated just before planting. Chinese cabbage is especially susceptible to bacte-rial disease, which often enters via wounding caused by CM. Broccoli and cauliflower are more susceptible to CM than cabbage or Brus-sels sprouts. Some varieties may be more susceptible to CM than others. For example, in our 2007 variety evaluation, Superstar had 70% damaged heads at harvest.

Plants going into the ground at this time should be accompanied by an insecticide for CM control.

Capture LFR is also labeled for control of CM, but in Cornell studies, Lorsban has performed much better (compare 100% clean plants with Lorsban to 55% with Capture LFR). Several years of trialing dif-ferent insecticides applied as both in-furrow applications and as seed treatments at Cornell have not yielded anything that does a better job of controlling CM than Lorsban. If you experience control failures with Lorsban, despite applying it accurately, it may be due to the development of resistance. There has been at least one docu-mented case of CM resistance to Lorsban in NY (Suffolk Co.). If you suspect resistance to Lorsban, contact Christy.

FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION, spunbonded row covers placed over the crop immediately after transplanting can exclude CM flies from laying eggs on the crop. Make sure that there are no gaps or tears in the row cover, and that you have rotated away from last year’s cru-cifer site. Row covers also protect from flea beetle. (C. Hoepting)

Early Cabbage Should be Treated for Cabbage Maggot Control

Safe Produce Harvest and Handling for Organic Producers Friday, June 3, 2011 10:00 AM – 12 Noon Pedersen Farms 1798 County Road 4, Seneca Castle, NY Hosted by the Northeast Organic Farming Association of NY How do GAPs regulations translate onto a large scale diverse organic produce farm? Rick Pedersen will show farmers how he delivers the highest quality organic produce to large wholesalers who have stringent regulations. We’ll see Rick’s farm food safety plan in action as we observe the harvest and post-harvest handling procedures for organic asparagus. Harvest procedures (gloves, daily harvest container washing) and post-harvest handling (gloves/hairnets, trim line, blast washing, packaging, and sanitizing) will be discussed. Pedersen Farms produces over 400 acres of certified organic vegetables that are sold to wholesalers, processors, grocery stores, and at farmers markets. The farm is a member of Finger Lakes Organics, offers a line of value-added pickle products, and now produces 15 varieties of hops for regional breweries. Register for this event online here or call the NOFA-NY office at (585) 271-1979 ext 512 (Membership & Registration Coordinator). FREE for NOFA-NY Members / $15 All Others Made possible in part by a grant from USDA Risk Management Agency.

May 18, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 8 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 4

LETTUCE Once field conditions allow for inspection, look for aphids. Cool wet weather is the preferred conditions for some of the aphid species, espe-cially the ones that are black in appearance. They can often also be seen on young lambsquarter and pigweed. Some production fields where let-tuce is under plastic, growth has been fairly decent despite the lack of sunny days. Some plots may be harvested next week.

ONIONS A very much anticipated and very productive week of seeding and trans-planting onions came to an end this weekend with the steady rains. Di-rect seeding of onions is effectively done. The exact percentage of the targeted acreage that made it into the ground is unknown, but should be much higher than 50%. Unfortunately, a lot of onions are now under standing water. If the forecasted week of rain does not amount to more than light drizzles, onion growers have hope of getting the water off of their fields without sustaining too much damage. Several wet spots ex-hibiting poor stands, stunted and rotten onions for the remainder of the season are expected. Newly direct seeded fields stand a better chance to recover than those where the seedlings have already germinated. Amaz-ingly, some of the earliest direct seeded fields in Elba are looking decent considering all the cold and wet soil conditions and high winds they have endured. They are at the flag leaf stage, and earliest transplants have 4-5 leaves. There is still hope!

This week, growers are focusing on draining water off of flooded fields, and hopefully will get pre-emergent herbicide apps on in time. Onions are more susceptible to crop injury from PRE apps when conditions are cool and wet. Use lower rates of Buctril and the split app of Outlook un-der current conditions. For direct seeded onions on muck, Buctril should be applied at least 3-4 days prior to onion emergence. Rainfall within 2 days following PRE apps, or less than 3 days prior to crop emergence may result in unacceptable crop injury. Although, Outlook is labeled at the 2 leaf stage, several years of research by Ellerbrock, Cornell, demonstrated that Outlook + Buctril PRE is a good and safe combination.

Start of Muck Donut Hour will be postponed until May 31st.

POTATOES Potatoes that were planted on very sandy, well drained soil emerged May 5th. Late blight severity values have been accumulating greatly since then.

SWEET CORN Last week, sweet corn had a good weather of germination and seedling growth. Now everything has come to a screeching halt. Lots of field flood-ing. It will be a tough week or so to determine if we end up with any rot issues. Corn under plastic is short. Corn under row cover is even shorter. Bare ground corn have a few fields where some emergence had occurred. At this point, July 4th harvests look unachievable. Some have said that having any harvest in July would be welcome at this point.

VINE CROPS Summer squash and zucchini under plastic are looking haggard. Some direct seeded plantings have had emergence but the first leaves are small. Transplanted fields haven’t shown any growth. Early production may not economically pan out. Hopefully increased sunlight and tem-peratures forecasted for the weekend might get kick-started.

CROPS Tidbits & Insights

Last year, onion maggot (OM) pressure was very high. We do not know the effects that the long and cold winter (did they freeze?) and very cold and wet spring (did they drown?) had on the survival of the over-wintering popula-tion or spring emergence, which according to degree day models began last week. However, with planting being about 1 month behind, we predict that transplanted onions will be more susceptible to OM damage than normal. Gravid OM females prefer onions with a stem diameter of 2.25 to 4.25 mm (1.5 to 2 leaf stage) to lay her eggs. During peak flight at the end of May, newly planted transplants will be more attractive than direct seeded onions that will be in the loop to flag leaf stage. Good thing, because with all the flooding, who knows how much Trigard, which leaches, and Lorsban, which hydrolyzes and becomes inac-tive, will be left? Make sure that you treat your transplants with an insecticide for OM control. The only labeled option is Lorsban applied as a banded spray over the top, which can be applied anytime. Recent Cornell re-search by Nault has shown that Radiant at 2 fl oz per 1 gal of water applied as a dip to bare root transplants provided very good control of OM. A label is being pursued for this use.

Growers with small acreage and/or no known history of OM most likely do not need to be concerned with OM. However, seed maggots (SM) can also attack onions and cause identical damage as OM. Onions planted into decaying residue in a cool wet spring are at high risk for SM. Lorsban also protects against SM. (C. Hoepting)

Transplanted Onions More Susceptible to Onion Maggot than Normal

Onion maggot eggs (bright white) laid at the base of

an onion plant.

May 18, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 8 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 5

To get the most nitrogen from small grain cover crops, and to avoid 3 – 4 weeks of allelopathic effects and N tie-up, kill them as soon as possible. Six to 8 inches tall would be ideal….. Killing at the larger boot stage is most effective if you mow or roll. Grass/vetch covers are killed later to accumulate maximum N. Many cru-cifer cover crop species planted last fall don’t reliably winter kill and send up flower/seed stalks in the spring. Kill them ASAP. Refer to the March Veg Edge cover article at: http://blogs.cce.cornell.edu/cvp/veg-edge-newsletter, or go to Thomas Bjorkman’s, Cornell Cover Crop site at: http://covercrop.net (C. MacNeil)

Soils: Cover Crops Weed Management in Carrots

Post-emergence herbicides:

Lorox (linuron) – Effective against many annual grasses and most broadleaves including ragweed and galinsoga. Multiple applications be-ginning at the 1 or 2 leaf stage will significantly improve weed control compared to a single application. See details on p 151 of the Cornell Vegetable Guidelines.

Metribuzin – Apply after carrots have formed 5 to 6 true leaves, but before weeds are 1 inch tall. Effec-tive against some annual grasses and many annual broadleaves including redroot pigweed, lambsquarters and galinsoga. May burn carrots at tem-peratures <55 F or >85 F.

Select Max – Controls numerous annual and perennial grasses. Al-ways use only 0.25% v/v non-ionic surfactant (NIS).

Fusilade DX – Controls annual grasses. Apply when grasses are ac-tively growing.

Poast – Controls annual grasses. Apply when grasses are actively growing. Use 2 pts of oil concen-trate per acre.

Barley windbreaks will also compete with carrots, so they should be killed with Fusilade DX or Poast herbicide when the barley is 4 to 5 inches tall. The killed companion crop will still serve as a windbreak even though it is dead. From B. Zandstra, Michigan State Univ.: During cool weather, increase the rate of the graminicides to improve kill of the cover crops. If the graminicides are applied alone, include crop oil concentrate (COC) or nonionic surfactant (NIS) in the mix. If other postemergence herbicides are in-cluded, it may be wise to avoid the adjuvant to reduce chances for crop injury.

Special Weed Problems and Solutions will be covered in a future issue of Veg Edge Weekly. (J. Kikkert)

Carrots are very sensitive to competi-tion from weeds. Unfortunately, the herbicides labeled for carrot produc-tion are somewhat limited. Herbicide resistant weeds can develop when the same herbicides are continually used on the same ground. At the Muck Vegetable Growers Conference in On-tario, Canada earlier this year, it was reported that linuron-resistant red root pigweed and common ragweed were becoming a problem in the Holland Marsh. There have also been reports of linuron resistant Powell amaranth in Ontario, CA and common purslane in Michigan, all in fields with continuous carrot production. Growers should be looking at the overall weed manage-ment strategy on their farms to mini-mize the population of weed seeds in their soils. Julie Kikkert and Robin Bel-linder from Cornell will be sampling some local muck fields this season to determine if linuron-resistant weeds are present in NY.

Preplant incorporated (PPI) or pre-emergence (Pre) herbicides:

Treflan HFP (PPI) – Mineral soils only. Controls grasses and some broadleaves except ragweed, galin-soga and mustard.

Prowl H2O – Apply within 2 days of planting. Annual grasses and sup-pression of some annual broad-leaves.

Dual Magnum – Apply after planting, but before carrots emerge. Differ-ent rates for mineral and muck soils. Controls annual grasses, yellow nut-sedge, hairy galinsoga. Suppression of some other broadleaves.

Proven observational skills, attention to detail, record keeping and competence using Microsoft programs.

Must be able to work flexible hours, work outdoors in all types of weather and meet travel requirements of the position

3-4 days per week June 1 through mid-October

Primary area will be Orleans & Genesee Cos. (Elba muck land) and Erie Co.

Minimum 6 month post high school study and/or experience in closely related field of agriculture and research.

Assist in commercial field research with emphasis on data collection and scouting in onions and other vegetable crops

To apply: Send cover letter and resume to Christy Hoepting, cah59@cornell.edu, by May 20th.

Cornell Cooperative Extension is an EOE.

Temporary Agricultural Research Technician

for one of the leading Extension Ag teams in NYS

May 18, 2011 Volume 7, Issue 8 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 6

(Note: For information on varieties that have better wound healing and less breakdown with pre-cutting and hold-ing, on matching varietal resistance with field disease history, and on choosing at-planting conventional or OMRI approved fungicides, see the arti-cles and the charts in the April Veg Edge at: http://blogs.cce.cornell.edu/cvp/veg-edge-newsletter C. MacNeil)

The long wet spring has delayed potato planting by several weeks and many growers have already cut seed. This long period is ideal for incubation of seed-borne diseases. Seed and in-furrow fungicide treatments should be considered at planting. Several dis-eases can cause problems at this stage and include bacterial soft rot (BSR) for which only really cultural control prac-tices such as aeration of seed piles, increased planting rates, planting in warm soil with moderate moisture, etc, can compensate for, and fungal dis-eases the most important of which on plant establishment is Fusarium. Fusa-rium dry rot (FDR) is one of the most important diseases of potato, affecting tubers in storage and seed pieces after planting. FDR of seed tubers can re-duce plant stand by killing developing potato sprouts. Growers should esti-mate the percentage of tubers affected (see symptom section below) and ad-just planting rates as follows in the table. When infection rate is very high (greater than 15% measured), growers should consider the option of not planting the seed lot.

FDR also causes sprout death and, when estimating the frequency of infected tu-bers, growers should carefully examine the eyes (sprouts). Infection of the sprouts and seedpiece decay may lead to uneven germination, hence a poor crop stand (Photo 1).

Symptoms - The first symptoms of FDR are dark depressions on the tuber surface. In large lesions, the skin wrinkles in concentric rings as the underlying dead tissue desiccates. Internal symptoms include ne-crotic areas shaded from light to dark chocolate brown or black. The disease de-velops at an injury such as a cut or bruise. The pathogen enters the tuber, often rot-ting out the center (Photo 2). Rotted cavi-ties are often lined with fungal mycelia and spores of yellow to white to pink. Dry rot diagnosis may be complicated by the pres-ence of BSR which often colonizes FDR lesions, especially when tubers have been stored under conditions of high relative humidity or temperature, or if tuber sur-faces are wet. BSR causes a wet, slimy rot, which can rapidly engross the entire tuber.

Cultural Control - Some level of FDR is almost always present in commercially available seed. Practicing the following procedures will help prevent problems from it:

Plant only (disease) certified seed with as little dry rot as possible.

Store seed 40 - 42°F and 85 – 90% relative humidity, with good air movement and ventilation.

Warm seed to 50°F before handling/cutting to minimize injury and to promote rapid healing.

Disinfect seed cutting/handling equipment often, and be sure cutters are sharp.

Prior to seed treating grade out heavily infected tubers.

Treat cut seed with a seed treatment to control seed piece decay and sprout rot.

Plant any infected seed lots shallow (about 4”) in warm, well-drained soil to en-courage rapid sprout growth and emergence.

Seed Treatments - Several products have been developed that offer broad-spectrum control for FDR, Rhizoctonia, silver scurf and, to some extent, black dot. These include Tops MZ, Maxim MZ (other Maxim formulations + mancozeb), Mon-coat MZ, and Evolve. These seed treatments improve plant stand and crop vigor, but occasionally, their use in combination with cold, wet soils can result in short-lived delayed emergence. The additional benefit of the inclusion of mancozeb (and cymoxanil in Evolve) is for prevention of seed-borne late blight.

Potato Seed Rots Reduce Stand & Vigor

Willie Kirk & Esther Gachango, MSU Extension, 5/4/11, MSU Extension News (edited by C. MacNeil and M. Ullrich)

Table 1. Planting rate based on % of tubers or seed-pieces with symptoms of FDR, other seed rots.

% of tubers with symptoms

Planting rate, cwt/A (based on normal rate of 20 cwt/A)

0 20

2 (normal range of infection)

20

5 22

10 24

15 26

20 28

Photo 1. Uneven stand of potato crop as a result of sprout infection and seedpiece decay caused by Fusarium spp.

Photo 2. Potato tuber infected with Fusarium dry rot, the cavity lined with yellow mycelium.

Volume 7, Issue 8 Veg Edge Weekly

Page 7

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Weather Charts

*Airport stations ** Data from other station/airport sites is at: http://newa.cornell.edu/

Weather Data, Daily Summary and Degree Days. (J. Gibbons)

Dates to Remember... June 3 - Safe Produce Harvest and Handling for Organic Producers See page 3

June 14 - Farm IT: How to Use Web Soil Survey to Know Your Soils Better, 7:00 pm, Geneva. Details to come...

June 26 – 28 - The 2011 National Value Added Ag Conference, Pitts-burgh, PA. Go to: http://www.cvent.com/EVENTS/Info/Agenda.aspx?e=f59b285d-244b-405a-9571-5868805c0d77.

June 27 - Farm IT: Online Relationship Marketing of Your Farm, 7:00 pm, Geneva. Details to come...

May 18, 2011

Rainfall (inch) Temp (°F)

Location Week Month Max Min

Albion 2.36 3.40 78 38

Appleton, South 2.35 3.43 73 38

Buffalo* 2.55 3.84 83 43

Ceres 1.72 3.49 83 34

Elba 2.68 3.47 82 38

Farmington 1.07 2.10 80 37

Geneva 2.00 **** 78 41

Himrod **** **** 80 35

Knowlesville 1.53 2.54 67 45

Lafayette 1.17 2.34 79 33

Lodi 1.04 1.84 80 38

Lyndonville 2.75 4.00 77 38

Ransomville 1.55 2.56 79 41

Rochester* 1.92 2.75 80 40

Syracuse* 1.16 2.35 80 42

Williamson 1.78 2.53 83 40

Weekly Weather Summary: 5/10 - 5/16

Location 2011 2010 2009

Albion 117 209 169

Appleton, South 88 163 130

Buffalo 152 190 165

Elba 129 216 122

Farmington 131 224 156

Geneva 156 258 189

Himrod 143 219 173

Knowlesville 77 232 182

Lafayette 159 203 186

Lodi 173 274 ***

Lyndonville 114 198 153

Ransomville 114 211 152

Rochester 141 244 160

Syracuse 214 230 204

Williamson 126 244 159

Accumulated Growing Degree Days (AGDD) Base 50°F: Jan. 1 — May 16, 2011

Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program

Cornell University Serving Allegany, Cattaraugus,

Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Niagara,

Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans,

Seneca, Wayne and Yates Counties

Veg Edge Weekly is a seasonal weekly publication of the Cornell Vegetable Program providing information about crop development, pest activity and management, pesticide updates, local weather conditions, meetings and resources.

Veg Edge is published 28 times annually, monthly from October-May and weekly from May-September. If you have any questions about this publication, contact Julie Kikkert at 585-394-3977 x404 or jrk2@cornell.edu. Visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website at http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/ for information on our research, upcoming events and enrolling in our program.

Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities.

Robert Hadad 585-739-4065 Cell rgh26@cornell.edu

Christy Hoepting 585-721-6953 Cell cah59@cornell.edu

Julie Kikkert 585-313-8160 Cell jrk2@cornell.edu

Carol MacNeil 585-313-8796 Cell crm6@cornell.edu

Judson Reid 585-313-8912 Cell jer11@cornell.edu

Cornell Vegetable Program Extension Specialists

John Gibbons, 716-474-5238 Cell

Katie Klotzbach 585-732-2545 Cell

CVP Assistants

This publication contains pesticide recommendations. Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are possible. Some materials may no longer be available and some uses may no longer be legal. All pesticides distributed, sold or applied in New York State must be registered with the New York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation (DEC). Questions concerning the legality and/or registration status for pesticide usage in New York State should be directed to the appropriate Cornell

Cooperative Extension specialist or your regional DEC office.

Cornell Cooperative Extension and its employees assume no liability for the effectiveness or results of any chemicals for pesticide usage. No endorsement of products or com-panies is made or implied. READ THE LABEL BEFORE APPLYING ANY PESTICIDE.

Yates County Cornell Cooperative Extension 417 Liberty Street Penn Yan, NY 14527