3b power point prin of wales

8/7/2019 3B Power Point Prin of Wales

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In 1860, the 18 year old

Prince of Waleslaid the firststone of the Canadian

Parliament buildings in Ottawa


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and the laststone of the worlds longest bridge in

Montreal named in honour of the Princes mother,Queen Victoria.


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The huge rail system that bridged the St. Lawrence River at

Montreal in 1860 linked Canada West(Ont.), Canada

East(Que.) & the ice-free harbour at Portland, Maine..


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The different colonies of British North America 1840 -1867,

were transformed into the basis of


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a new country in 1867 because the Maritime Provinces wanted

a link with Canadas Grand Trunk Railway (the GTR) .


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Canada is one of a few countries that required the

building of railways in its Constitution.


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By the 1880s, the spectacular Canadian Pacific

Railway (CPR) was built across the continent


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linking Canada

by rail

from sea to sea.

In Latin on the

Canadian Coat of

Arms.


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Torontos Union Station

New buildings

created for

Canadasrailways were

often

magnificent.


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From the 1850s, the act of building huge railways

brought many changes to Canadian life.


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Keefer, a Canadian engineer, designed arrow-headed

piers to deflect the St. Lawrence Rivers ice flow in spring.

Victoria Bridge, Montreal, built

1854-1860


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This was the first time in the world a bridge had to be

designed to break up ice.


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Steam shovel, Victoria Bridge

y Existing

technology

from England

had to be

adapted toCanadian

conditions.


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Canadian contractors made steam-driven cranes

lifting over a period of 5

years:

y

3 million cubic feet of stone

y 21/2 million cubic feet of timber

y 8,000 tons of metal

The Victoria Bridgewas called theEighth Wonder of

the Worldas itrequired morestone than thePyramids.


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The basic designs of these travelling cranes, able to move

material in several directions, are still in use today.

Gantry: overhead span

supporting a travelling crane

Travelling crane lifting up & to

left or right


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Robert Stephenson, son of the famed British

inventor of the steam train the Rocket

y

Stephenson, the chiefengineer for the Grand

Trunk, designed 25

tubular spans made

from the latestwrought iron and

welding techniques to

rest on the stone piers.


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The iron tubes were pre-fabricated at Birkenhead near Liverpool,

England in the Canada Iron Works built by the GTR

contractorThomas Brassey..


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The 21/2million rivets and over 11/2 million holes for the metal tubes were made in Birkenhead

by a special machine without one mistake . Charles Babbages ideas for a programmable

computer were used to develop the worlds first Roberts-Jacquard Metal Press.

It used punch cards to stamp out the metal sections for the Bridge.


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For 5 years the punched plates and girders were labelled and

shipped by steamboats on-time across the Atlantic to be

assembled on the stone piers.


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The inflow of capital from Britain to build the railwayThe inflow of capital from Britain to build the railway

stimulated Canadian jobs, industry, and confidence.stimulated Canadian jobs, industry, and confidence.

y So, in 1858, decimal

Canadian dollars replaced

British pounds and pence

on stamps and coins.


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Access to the ice-free port in Portland, Maine allowed year round exports and imports.

Consequently, factories sprang up in Toronto and other towns in Ontario.

However, Canadas industrial take-off in the 1850s was centred in Montreal

(shown above)


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Rural British North America was evolving into urban Canada.

By 1920, the value of Canadian industrial products exceeded the value

of Canadian agricultural products.


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Railways themselves led to scientific innovation.

For example, time was measured originally by eachtown at its high noon.

Grand Trunk Railway Time-Table 1860

The trains will be run on Montreal time which is

8 mins. faster than Brockville time.

12 mins. faster than Kingston time.

14 mins. faster than Belleville time.

23 mins. faster than Toronto time.

A standard time for the worlds largest railway was needed.


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Sir Sandford Fleming lobbied in Britain & the United States for a

standard international time.Greenwich Mean Time was then established as world time

mosly because of the efforts of this Canadian railroad engineer.


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In the 1850s, metal for the tracks & bridges and many of the engines & cars (rolling stock)

for the GTR were imported from England.

By the time the CPR reached Vancouver (above) in the 1880s, most of the track and

rolling stock were manufactured in Canada. Industrialization had migrated from Britain.


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The coming of the

GTR followed by theCPR changedCanada & the

peoples who lived

there.


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Skilled workers migrated from Britain & Ireland joining people already here to

build the GTR. Native Peoples delivered the stonework to the Victoria Bridge.

This later led to Native Peoples working on skyscrapers and other

infrastructure projects. French Canadian axemen built the wood scaffolding.


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In the 1880s, many Chinese worked on the CPR and migrated eastwards

on the new train system. Chinese communities in Ontario, Quebec,

and the Maritimes date from then.


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Both the GTR and CPR printed books for their agents in Northern and

Eastern Europe. Emigrants could buy tickets from there through to the

prairies. This migration created Alberta and Saskatchewan.


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Steamboats and steam trains shifted millions of emigrants to

Canada. Here a Russian Jewish family is boarding a train at

Quebec.


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Home Children being fed in Montreal

before trains distribute them as farm

labourers throughout Canada.Cheap, fast and

efficient steam travel

also changed who

came from Britain to

Canada.

From 1867 to 1920

about 100,000 poor

British children

came.


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Irish Canadian Pilgrims to Rome being welcomed

back by Father Dowd at St Patricks Basilica.

y Cheap, fast

travel also

allowed

Canadians to

visit Europe in

large

numbers


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The new railways improved

access to existing goods &

services.

It became cheaper &

quicker to use RRs to

deliver mail.

As a result, volume of mail

increased & mail order by

catalogue became common.


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Railways changed small local agricultural showsRailways changed small local agricultural shows

into large province wide gatherings.into large province wide gatherings.

Toronto

Show


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Permanent exhibition buildings were built for the 1860

visit of the Prince of Wales in many parts of Canada

Torontos Crystal Palace

y The Torontoexhibitbecame theCNE,(Can.Nat. Exhib.),

the worldsoldestcontinuallyrunexhibition.


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Increased readership

encouraged daily rather than

just weekly newspapers.

Different types of papers

developed:

The Canadian IllustratedNews

and Le Opinion Publique

were the worlds first to use

half-tone prints.


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Press barons with

enormous political power

changed Canada to amedia-driven democracy.

The power of the press

soared partly because

trains quickly distributed

the news in papers over

a wide area.


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Leisure was transformed.

Tourist areas such as theThousand Islands weredeveloped because steamboats& trains carried Americans &

Britons as well as Canadians.

Railways promoted train travelto carry the new townspeopleback into the countryside forvacations.


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The railway station by Niagara Falls was especially busy &

developed this area into a world famous tourist attraction.


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Railways encouraged often high-spirited crowds

by running cheap holiday excursions.

A trip from

London,

Ontario toPort

Stanley on

Lake Erie


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Trains carried crowds to watch sports. Teams of

professional lacrosse and hockey players grew.

Note thegate-

payingcrowd.

Toronto isplaying

Montrealfor the

WorldChampion-

ship of

lacrosse.


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While long distances were often uncomfortable, rail links allowed

teams to travel to other towns. Sports leagues were born.


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Football, soccer, and rugby leagues as well as curlingFootball, soccer, and rugby leagues as well as curling

bonspiels were established because of railways.bonspiels were established because of railways.

Early photograph of Canadian football(McGill Univ., Montreal)


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This match led to the American National Football League (NFL) of

1920-22

Rail links createdinternational

matches too.

Bostons HarvardUniversity played

the very firstfootball gameagainst McGillUniversity in

Montreal, 1874.


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Canadians can be proud of the elaborate railcar they built in 1860 for

the Prince of Wales.

.


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Canadians can also be proud ofthe railways they built and that

those railways shaped Canada.

3b power point prin of wales

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