3d textile structures

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Overview

The Institute of Textile Science 107th Scientific Session

“New Generation of Textiles: from Fibres to Recycling”

September 16th 2010

B o r i s T s v e t a n o v , i n g . j r , M . I n g



Presentation Outline

• Synopsis: – Definition of D textiles and their

manufacturing methods –

Application scope of 3D textiles • v

– Warp knitted – Weft knitted

– Embroidery – Woven structures



3D Textiles - Definition and

• Formal definition: –

third dimension compared to the other two

planar dimensions.• Hollow / Tubular

• Bulk structures

• Dome sha ed shells

• Complex assembled shapes



3D Textiles - Definition

• Aspects of 3D:

–

• spatial form and/or orientation withoutrevious or subse uent formin ste s

– and 3D structures

• s atial interlacin between multi le s stems

of threads



3D Textiles - Manufacturing Methods

• Manufacturing methods:

– Bra ng

–

Weft knitting – Warp knitting

– Weaving

– Stitched assemblies

– Combined proprietary technologies



Manufacturing Methods - Braiding

• Braiding :

– Interweav ng n a agona way, to o ta n

an overlapped structure. Used for the.

– Hollow or filled volume

–

moulded in a matrix into a more complex




xamp e o a ra ngmachine:

Yarn carriers moving in a

Interlacing yarn ends into atubular hose

Image Source: O.M.A. S.r.l.




• 3D braiding: – o e ra ng stran s mov ng aroun stat c

braiding strands. The mobile threads move

dimensions.

• Multilayered circular braids

• Cross-sectional profile• Component-shaped braids




Image Source: MYM Technologies LtdImage Source: Herzog Braiding Machines



Application Scope – Braiding

• Advanced applications:

– B ome ca – vascu ar stents

–

3D net-shape reinforced composites –eren cross-sec on pro es are

possible



Manufacturing Methods – Weft

• Basic technique: – Forming a loop through previously formed such loops.

One arn makes one row of the fabric.

Knitting Simulation Software

• General properties: – The s ecific sha e of the individual loo s results in an

e as c ma er a – Fabric thickness is low – 3D geometry – Patterning allows manufacturing of tailor-made

shapes



a r c orma on emen s– eKnitting

needlesConsecutive knitting onever next needleOne thread per row



Manufacturing Methods – Weft

• Two kinds of machines:

– F at e

•

Possibility to make tubular products, shells,

complex structures as a combination of these

• Patterning of shape and loop architecture

– Circular

• Tubular and spacer tubular fabrics



Application Scope – Weft Knitting

• Weft Knitting:

– omew at m te 3D app cat on ue tothe relatively low thickness of the material

• Composites (formable matrix)

• - -



Manufacturing Methods – Warp

• Basic technique: – .

of individual yarns for every needle.

• General ro erties: – Less elastic fabrics

– Products with considerable thickness – 3D

structures – Patterning allows repeated structures to be



a r c orma on emen s– arpKnitting

Guide Bar War barEylet

Cast-off bar, stitch comb

Spacing

Image Source: LIBA Maschinenfabrik GmbH



a r c orma on emen s– arpKnitting

All needles movesimultaneously One thread per needle

Image Source: Jakob Müller AG



Application Scope – Warp Knitting

• Warp Knitting:

– ompos te mater a s

• Aerospace industry – composite matrix

• v eng neer ng – concre e re n orcemen ,acoustic insulation

– -

– Biomedical – vascular stents



Manufacturing Methods – Weaving

• Weaving:

– A c ass c tec no ogy or nter ac ng warpand weft threads in plane at straight angle.



3D Weaving

• 3D weaving uses an additional thread system

obtain a consolidated fabric structure.

Image Source: ScotWeave 3DImage Source: Biteam



Manufacturing Methods – Stitched

• Stitching: – ssem ng toget er ayers o mater a .

– Piling-up layers with different shapes allows

profile of the final product.



Manufacturing Methods – Stitched

• Applications: – u -up o a comp ex cross-sect on y

stacking material

–

– Directional reinforcement



Manufacturing Methods – Proprietary

• A combination or a modification of me o s:

–

Often developed on the basis of existingec no ogy an w a pro uc -spec cobjective:

•

• Shape versatility



Manufacturing Methods – Proprietary

• Multiaxial warp knit

• Ro ot c st tc ng

• Shape – oriented profiles of braidedand woven structures



Development Potential of CTT Group

• Weft Knitting

– Mo e Un versa M - 35

–

Double bed machine with individualse ec on o nee es: omp ex s apes anforms, holes and architecture



Universal MC-8



Development Potential of CTT Group

• Warp Knitting

– Mo e Ja o M er MDK- 0

–

Double needle raschel machine : Spacera r cs w c ness up o 25 mm



Jakob Müller MDK-80



Development Potential at CTT Group

• Stitching – CNC Embroidery

– Mo e Ta ma TMLX-1201

–

Classic embroidery and cording (threadayer ng : rec ona re n orcemen anassembly of individual panels



Ta ima TMLX-1201



A lication Exam les

•

Biomedical•

Reinforcement•

Spacer fabrics

Variety of eometr sha esand thickness



Thank you for your attention

B o r i s T s v e t a n o v , i n g . j r , M . I n g

3d textile structures

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