Download - 3D Textile Structures
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Overview
The Institute of Textile Science 107th Scientific Session
“New Generation of Textiles: from Fibres to Recycling”
September 16th 2010
B o r i s T s v e t a n o v , i n g . j r , M . I n g
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Presentation Outline
• Synopsis: – Definition of D textiles and their
manufacturing methods –
Application scope of 3D textiles • v
– Warp knitted – Weft knitted
– Embroidery – Woven structures
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3D Textiles - Definition and
• Formal definition: –
third dimension compared to the other two
planar dimensions.• Hollow / Tubular
• Bulk structures
• Dome sha ed shells
• Complex assembled shapes
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3D Textiles - Definition
• Aspects of 3D:
–
• spatial form and/or orientation withoutrevious or subse uent formin ste s
– and 3D structures
• s atial interlacin between multi le s stems
of threads
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3D Textiles - Manufacturing Methods
• Manufacturing methods:
– Bra ng
–
Weft knitting – Warp knitting
– Weaving
– Stitched assemblies
– Combined proprietary technologies
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Manufacturing Methods - Braiding
• Braiding :
– Interweav ng n a agona way, to o ta n
an overlapped structure. Used for the.
– Hollow or filled volume
–
moulded in a matrix into a more complex
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Manufacturing Methods - Braiding
xamp e o a ra ngmachine:
Yarn carriers moving in a
Interlacing yarn ends into atubular hose
Image Source: O.M.A. S.r.l.
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Manufacturing Methods - Braiding
• 3D braiding: – o e ra ng stran s mov ng aroun stat c
braiding strands. The mobile threads move
dimensions.
• Multilayered circular braids
• Cross-sectional profile• Component-shaped braids
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Manufacturing Methods - Braiding
Image Source: MYM Technologies LtdImage Source: Herzog Braiding Machines
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Application Scope – Braiding
• Advanced applications:
– B ome ca – vascu ar stents
–
3D net-shape reinforced composites –eren cross-sec on pro es are
possible
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Manufacturing Methods – Weft
• Basic technique: – Forming a loop through previously formed such loops.
One arn makes one row of the fabric.
Knitting Simulation Software
• General properties: – The s ecific sha e of the individual loo s results in an
e as c ma er a – Fabric thickness is low – 3D geometry – Patterning allows manufacturing of tailor-made
shapes
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a r c orma on emen s– eKnitting
needlesConsecutive knitting onever next needleOne thread per row
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Manufacturing Methods – Weft
• Two kinds of machines:
– F at e
•
Possibility to make tubular products, shells,
complex structures as a combination of these
• Patterning of shape and loop architecture
– Circular
• Tubular and spacer tubular fabrics
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Application Scope – Weft Knitting
• Weft Knitting:
– omew at m te 3D app cat on ue tothe relatively low thickness of the material
• Composites (formable matrix)
• - -
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Manufacturing Methods – Warp
• Basic technique: – .
of individual yarns for every needle.
• General ro erties: – Less elastic fabrics
– Products with considerable thickness – 3D
structures – Patterning allows repeated structures to be
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a r c orma on emen s– arpKnitting
Guide Bar War barEylet
Cast-off bar, stitch comb
Spacing
Image Source: LIBA Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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a r c orma on emen s– arpKnitting
All needles movesimultaneously One thread per needle
Image Source: Jakob Müller AG
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Application Scope – Warp Knitting
• Warp Knitting:
– ompos te mater a s
• Aerospace industry – composite matrix
• v eng neer ng – concre e re n orcemen ,acoustic insulation
– -
– Biomedical – vascular stents
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Manufacturing Methods – Weaving
• Weaving:
– A c ass c tec no ogy or nter ac ng warpand weft threads in plane at straight angle.
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3D Weaving
• 3D weaving uses an additional thread system
obtain a consolidated fabric structure.
Image Source: ScotWeave 3DImage Source: Biteam
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Manufacturing Methods – Stitched
• Stitching: – ssem ng toget er ayers o mater a .
– Piling-up layers with different shapes allows
profile of the final product.
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Manufacturing Methods – Stitched
• Applications: – u -up o a comp ex cross-sect on y
stacking material
–
– Directional reinforcement
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Manufacturing Methods – Proprietary
• A combination or a modification of me o s:
–
Often developed on the basis of existingec no ogy an w a pro uc -spec cobjective:
•
• Shape versatility
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Manufacturing Methods – Proprietary
• Multiaxial warp knit
• Ro ot c st tc ng
• Shape – oriented profiles of braidedand woven structures
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Development Potential of CTT Group
• Weft Knitting
– Mo e Un versa M - 35
–
Double bed machine with individualse ec on o nee es: omp ex s apes anforms, holes and architecture
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Universal MC-8
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Development Potential of CTT Group
• Warp Knitting
– Mo e Ja o M er MDK- 0
–
Double needle raschel machine : Spacera r cs w c ness up o 25 mm
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Jakob Müller MDK-80
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Development Potential at CTT Group
• Stitching – CNC Embroidery
– Mo e Ta ma TMLX-1201
–
Classic embroidery and cording (threadayer ng : rec ona re n orcemen anassembly of individual panels
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Ta ima TMLX-1201
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A lication Exam les
•
Biomedical•
Reinforcement•
Spacer fabrics
Variety of eometr sha esand thickness
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Thank you for your attention
B o r i s T s v e t a n o v , i n g . j r , M . I n g