4-1 notes: china reunites
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4-1 Notes: China Reunites. China is Reunited. The Han dynasty ended in 220 A.C.E. – China broke into 17 kingdoms – Warlords fought with each other for control China lost control of Korea 581 A.C.E. – General Wendi declared himself emperor after reuniting China by force - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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4-1 Notes: China Reunites
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China is Reunited• The Han dynasty ended in 220
A.C.E. – China broke into 17 kingdoms – Warlords fought with each other for control
• China lost control of Korea• 581 A.C.E. – General Wendi
declared himself emperor after reuniting China by force
• New dynasty was called the Sui (581-618 A.C.E.)
• When Wendi died, his son Yangdi took the throne
• Yangdi failed to take Korea back by force
• Yangdi angered farmers by forcing them to rebuild the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, pay high taxes – Farmers revolted, Yangdi killed
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The Grand Canal• Yangdi ordered that
the Grand Canal be built to connect the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) and the Huang He Rivers (Yellow River)
• The Grand Canal united two of China’s busiest rivers, which helps people ship goods between northern and southern China
• World’s largest artificial waterway
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Tang & Song Dynasties• 618 A.C.E. – One of Yangdi’s
generals took over, declared himself emperor, and set up the Tang Dynasty (618 – 907 A.C.E.)
• Taizong, most powerful Tang emperor, reinstituted the civil service exams so government officials would be hired based on skill, not family connections
• Tang dynasty expanded but lost control of the Silk Road to Turks and declined
• Song dynasty ruled from 960 – 1279 A.C.E.
• Song dynasty moved their capital farther south to Hangzhou
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Buddhism in China• Buddhism is an Indian religion that
teaches people to use meditation and prayer to free oneself dependence on things (thus freeing you from worry and pain)
• Buddhism was brought to China in 150 A.C.E., a time of great violence and suffering
• Buddhism attracted many Chinese looking to escape suffering
• Buddhism was at first supported by the Tang – Many Chinese became monks and nuns who lived in monasteries
• Many Chinese did not like Buddhism because they accepted donations and did not allow their monks or nuns to marry, weakening respect for family life
• 845 A.C.E. – Tang officials who feared Buddhism’s growing power ordered that many Buddhist temples and monasteries be destroyed, forever weakening Buddhism in China
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Neo-Confucianism• Confucius believed that good
government needed wise rulers who benefitted their subjects, just like a family (“familial piety”)
• Confucianism became unpopular in China after the fall of the Han dynasty and the disappearance of civil service exams
• Both the Tang and Song dynasties supported a new type of Confucianism (“Neo-Confucianism” to reduce Buddhism’s popularity
• Neo-Confucianism taught that this life was just as important as the afterlife, which encouraged others to do good
• Also taught that people could find peace of mind and harmony by following Confucius