UNIT 6

ASSISTANCE IN PREVENTING AND COMBATING CORRUPTION(KPK), INDONESIA

Objectives

After learning this unit, you are expected to be able to:

find the main idea of a reading passage;

use specific expressions about corruption in sentences;

identify determiners.

Pre-reading Activities

Discuss the following questions with a partner.

What is corruption according to you?

Is corruption a crime?

Do you think corruptors should be put in jail? Why or why not?

What should we do to avoid corruption?

Finding Main Ideas

Here are the ways to find the main idea of a reading passage.

As soon as you can define the topic, ask yourself "What general point does the author want to make about this topic?" Once you can answer that question, you have more than likely found the main idea.

Most main ideas are stated or suggested early on in a reading; pay special attention to the first third of any passage, article, or chapter. That's where you are likely to get the best statement or clearest expression of the main idea.

Pay attention to any idea that is repeated in different ways. If an author returns to the same thought in several different sentences or paragraphs, that idea is the main or central thought under discussion.

Once you feel sure you have found the main idea, test it. Ask yourself if the examples, reasons, statistics, studies, and facts included in the reading lend themselves as evidence or explanation in support of the main idea you have in mind. If they do, your comprehension is right on target. If they don't, you might want to revise your first notion about the author's main idea.

The main idea of a passage can be expressed any number of ways. For example, you and your roommate might come up with the same main idea for a reading, but the language in which that idea is expressed would probably be different. When, however, you are asked to find the topic sentence, you are being asked to find the statement that expresses the main idea in the author's words. Any number of people can come up with

1the main idea for a passage, but only the author of the passage can create the topic sentence.

Reading Selection

Text 1

Assistance in Preventing and Combating Corruption (KPK), Indonesia

The new Indonesian Government has demonstrated a strong political will to fight corruption, yet, Indonesia is still perceived as one of the most corrupt countries worldwide. Corruption, collusion and nepotism (KKN - Korupsi, Kolusi, Nepotism) are widespread in all spheres of society. Government measures to combat corruption include the ratification of the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in March 2006, the establishment of a special Court of Corruption in 2004 and the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in 2003. KPK is a state agency with has reporting obligations towards the president, the parliament and the state auditor. It has a strong legal mandate and is independent in its operations. KPKs core mandates are repression (conduct, coordinate and supervise investigations and prosecution) and prevention (education, research and development, collection and dissemination of information, managing public complaints etc.). Furthermore, KPK is actively involved in the governance reform debate. The commission has shown an impressive performance with respect to its mandates. However, shortcomings at the level of effectively implementing its tasks and exercise authority need to be addressed. KPK is confronted with high expectations of the general public to successfully combat corruption.

The overall goal of the project is to support the establishment of an Anti-Corruption Clearing House that is serving the prevention of corruption. It aims at building capacity for the analysis of the causes and effects of corruption, for public education work and for advising the government on preventive action with emphasis on supporting public administration and civil service reform. Stakeholders involved in the project are government agencies, civil society groups, media, universities and individual and researchers. The project addresses three main tasks: i) Setting-up an active documentation centre; ii) designing, establishing and maintaining database; iii) dissemination of information. The Clearing House is expected to generate various types of information for different user groups in a systematic way. This includes information for KPK staff via intranet, information needed in cooperation with other state institutions via extranet and information that is addressing civil society via internet.

The GTZ (Germany) contribution is mainly advice by short- and long-term experts, training and logistical support. The project contributes to the Indonesian compliance with Article 6 of the UNCAC.

http://www.u4.no

2Questions

Answer all questions based on the passage you have read.

What is the main idea of the reading passage?

True False Indonesian government under the new President has performed an

action against a corruption.

True False Indonesia is one of the corrupt countries in the world but the

condition is not worse than other countries.

The acronym of UNCAC in the passage is possibly derived from _________

United Nation Convention Against Corruption

UN Convention and Corruption

United Nation Corruption And Collusion

UN Convention Against Corruption And Collusion

True False The corruption Eradication Commission is an independent agency

assigned to resport to thepresident of Indonesia.

There are two main tasks the KPK has to perform:

to conduct, coordinate and supervise investigations.

to educate and manage public complaints.

repression and prevention.

to get involved actively in the governance reform debate.

The result of the work of Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) so far shows that it has _________

done its job successfully.

not performed its function properly.

confronted the government policies.

done too far.

True False The GTZ contribution to Indonesia is legalized by one of the laws issued by

the United Nation.

Vocabulary

Complete the sentences with one of the following words.

widespreadaddress

commissioneradication

nepotismcollusion

preventcorruption

combatdisseminating

One of the acts of preventing corruption is by ___________ information about it in a way of spreading the information widely.

KPK is a special ____________ formed by Indonesian government to fight against corruption in Indonesia.

3Please __________ complaints to the manager, not to me. You came to the wrong person.

The act of __________ means to put an end a crime including a corruption as the term used in KPK.

It is better to __________ illness than to cure it. That is why you have to consume healthy food and do exercise regularly.

We have an obligation to __________ corruption, collusion and nepotism in this country. We have to fight against all of them till the end.

When you are in a high positon and you give a special favor especially employment to your relatives, your act is called a __________

__________ is against any rule. It is a secret agreement or understanding for a deceitful purpose.

What is considered as a __________ is not only the act of accepting bribes but also offering the bribes.

Our country has to take a very serious action against TBC disease before it is

__________ to all over the places and to all ages.

Reading Selection

Text 2

SEA Games Begin with Corruption Claims

11 November 2011

The 26th South East Asian Games begin in the Indonesian city of Palembang today. Preparations for the Games have seen many allegations of corruption.

ReporterKarishma Vaswani

Picture 2.1 The torch relay for the Games went through Jakarta

Report

On the surface the sporting venues in Palembang look grand. But look a little closer, and you'll see that organisers are still trying to get things ready in time.

4The roads are filled with dust, because of the unfinished work. Even the road signs need some fixing.

Allegations of graft have marred the Games from the start. Mohammad Nazaruddin, a senior politician from Indonesia's ruling party has been accused of taking bribes worth millions for awarding contracts to build the athletes' rooms. He's consistently denied the allegations but the scandal has cast an ugly shadow on the event.

Organisers admit the corruption scandal has impacted Palembang's ability to host a successful Games. But officials say this is the best they can do, and are optimistic Indonesia will deliver on time.

This is the first time Indonesia is hosting an event of this scale outside the capital city Jakarta. Hosting the games is a huge matter of pride for the local people in Palembang and for Indonesians around the archipelago.

But the event has been tainted by the all too familiar smear of Indonesian corruption.

Karishma Vaswani, BBC, Indonesiahttp://www.u4.no

Questions

Answer all questions based on the Reading Passage 2 SEA Games Begin with Corruption Claims.

What international event occurred on November 11th, 2011 in Palembang?

How is the preparation on the surface?

Who has been accused of taking bribes for awarding contracts to build the facilities?

Apart from the corruption case, what do the officials say about the event?

How many times has this scale of event organized outside the capital city, Jakarta?

Who makes the report of the news?

What is the name of the institution the reporter works for?

Vocabulary

Learn the following words and phrases from text 2.

on the surface: if you take a quick look

graft: the dishonest use of political power and influence in

order to get money

marred: spoiled

awarding contracts: deciding which companies will be given a particular

job

consistently denied the allegations : always stated that the things said about him were

not true

5has cast an ugly shadow on the:has made the Games be seen in a negative wayevent

impacted: had a negative influence onof this scale:of this sizethe archipelago: the group of small islands that make up a particular

areatainted by:made dirty by

Complete the following sentences by using some of the vocabularies above.

Mrs. Welsh is washing the table cloth. It is by the splashing of red wine.

The Indonesian ..is surrounded by the blue ocean populated by beautiful sea fish.

The corruption in Palembang has the completion preparation of SEA Games.

You should see the problem not only on ..but also the over-all of it.

The criminals of have to be sentenced to death.

Grammar Focus

Determiners

A determiner is used to modify a noun. It indicates reference to something specific or something of a particular type. This function is usually performed by articles, demonstratives, possessive determiners, or quantifiers.

Determiners vs Pronouns

Determiners are followed by a noun.

The man This book Some people

Subject pronouns ( I , you , he , etc.) and possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) cannot be determiners because they can never be followed by a noun.

Types of Determiners

1) Articles

The definite and indefinite articles are all determiners.

Definite article - the

Indefinite article - a or an (a is used before a consonant sound; an is used before a vowel sound.)

6Examples:

Close the door, please.

I've got a friend in Canada.

Demonstratives

There are four demonstrative determiners in English and they are: this, that, these

and those

Note that demonstrative determiners can also be used as demonstrative pronouns. When they are used as determiners they are followed by the nouns they modify.

Compare:

This is my camera. (Demonstrative used as a pronoun, subject of the verb is) This camera is mine. (Demostrative usesd as a determiner modifying the noun camera.)

3) Possessives

Possessive adjectives - my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their - modify the noun following it in order to show possession.

Possessive determiners are different from possessive pronouns - mine, his, hers, yours, ours, their.

Possessive pronouns can stand alone and are not followed by nouns. Possessive determiners, on the other hand, are followed by nouns.

Compare:

This is my house. (my is a possessive determiner. It is followed by the noun house which it modifies)

Is that car yours? (yours is a possessive pronoun. It is not followed by a noun.)

4) Quantifiers

Quantifiers are followed by nouns which they modify. Examples of quantifiers

include:

some, any, few, little, more, much, many, each, every, both, all, enough, half, little, whole, less etc.

Quantifiers are commonly used before either countable or uncountable nouns.

He knows more people than his wife.

Little knowledge is a dangerous thing .

7Determiners always precede the noun they determine, but they have different positions relative to one another. The most important category is that of central determiners, including articles. These may be preceded by, predeterminers and/or followed by postdeterminers.

The function of determiners is to introduce noun phrases.

NOUN PHRASE

PREMODIFICATION

HEAD

DETERMINERSADJECTIVES

PREDET.CENTRAL DET.

POSTDETERMINERS

alldefinite article (the)

cardinal numeralsreddresses

(one,two, three, etc)

bothindefinite articles

ordinal numerals (first,greenpepper

(a/an)

second, third, etc)

doubledemonstrative

nextoldbuilding

determiners (this,

that, these, those)

halfpossesive

lastnewengineer

determiners (my,

your, his, etc)

twicegenitive

fewbighappiness

manyanother

fewertalletc.

suchany

fewestJapanese

whateach

littleEnglish

either

less

every

least

much

more

neither

most

no

other

some

own

what

same

which

such

whose

(Ek, 1985:115)

Exercise 1

Select the correct answer.

How ______ money did they steal?

a little

few

much

many

A ______ of elephants destroyed the plants.

litter

troop

pack

heard

8

On Sundays there is not ______ traffic along this road.

many

much

few

several

I gave her a ______ of flowers.

bouquet

suit

forest

cluster

How ______ books did you buy?

much

few

many

some

He has spilt ______ ink on his clothes.

many

few

any

a little

A ______ of spectators cheered the players.

staff

crowd

crew

gang

There is too ______ sugar in that drink.

much

many

few

a little

It rained heavily. Only ______ children came to school.

much

many

a few

9a little

A flock of ______ crossed the country road.

cattle

sheep

lions

wolves

Exercise 2

Identify determiners from the passage.

Identify determiners from the following paragraph.

It would appear now that some classroom instruction and practice is far from enough to grasp a language. In Akikos case, it would appear that the right tools of the language had not been given to her. The common, everyday expressions; the variety of common idioms, accepted phrases with different meanings; and, informal, contracted expressions and words have not come to be part of Akikos idiolect.

Writing Practice

Summarize the report of text 2 in 100 words. Remember to include the points the writer has mentioned in the text.

Summary

The main idea of a reading passage is what the author wants the readers know about the topic or the thing which is being talked about. Usually it is put in the beginning of a paragraph or at the end of the paragraph.

A descriptive paragraph is a paragraph which consists of a description of a thing, a person, a location, etc.

Determiners are divided into two: pre-determiners (which are put before a noun phrase) and post-determiners (which are put after the noun phrase). The main function is to give more explanation to the noun phrase.

Reflection

In this unit, you have learned how to identify the main idea of a reading passage, make a descriptive paragraph, and identify determiners and use them in sentences. Put a check on the column based on your own self-assessment.

10ObjectivesAchievedMore practice

needed

To identify the main idea of

a reading passage

To identify determiners and

to use them in sentences

For more practice, you can access the following sites: www.e-grammar.org

www.myenglish.com

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