Luc

I. Khai gnat chuD.g H. Val net 14 dAt iSc Trit'n

/. Lich sit..

2. Dia

3. Hank chPrah

4. attl -

• 5. Chinh tri:

6. Kinh tE 7. Van tido 8. Am nhge 9. Li hOi. 10.Arn thy:e. 11.Giao thong

• 12.Ton Gicio 13. Truyka thong

4.Du lich RAIL Tinh Minh Lao trong thol gion gin C15y

IV. Quon h% hen nghi Vi@t Nom- Lao

L Lich sui

1 .. Quan he' Viet nam — Lao trong theist 1c5, Phong lac

1.2. Quan he Viet narn — Lao trong thth thiic dc2n:

1.3. Deir2g COT son V/at/lam:

1.4. &big C Ong son Deng Throng:

1.5. Quan he Viet nam — Lao trong khang chien chang thve, clan Phcip:

1.6. Quan ho Viet narn — Lao trong Lien mi-nh chi -en dent chong Phap:

1.7. Quart he Viet nam Lao. Vat dogn 1954-1975:

1.8. Giai dogn 1975-1985: Hop Mc Wan dien V/at Nam-Lao Quan he Viet Lao giai dogn 1986 — 2012:

2. Chinh sach cl6i ngooi:

3. Quoin kl,121Cra nghi Vieg t Nom- Lao tren dtc

•

1. Ngay thiat lap Ngoal giao — quan he Viet Nam Tao: 5/9/1962. 2. Chinh tri:

.3 . Quan he kinh re, allid tie, thuring mai

4.he hap Mc'tido duo:

5. Quan he an ninh, qUac phong, bier, glut

6. Hop Mc trong vire khdc (cong nghlep, Wong nghiep, vien thong, giao thong van Mi, lao dong. y

V. Tng plan eic hifp dinh song phtrung VIVO Nam-. Lao 1. Hip dinh song phuring Viet NC3712- Lao:

2. Hip :roc:

3. Hiep dinh khung

4. Theca thuan song phtmeng:

5. Nghf elinh that:

VI. Mt A heat dfng trao a6I Doan sacp cao Vitt Nam Lao thin gian gL &ay

a. Trao dal Doan cdp cao Viet Nam Lao phia Viet 'Yam

A b. Trao den Doan cap cao Viet Nam Lao phia Lao

VII. Phein dim dtura (wan hf doe biCt vit't Nam- Lao, Lao- Vift Nam len th'm cao mal.

I. Khali quat chung

- Ten ntrot: COng boa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao (Lao People's Democratic Republic),

(Lao con duce gpi la "clat nuot Trieu Voi" hay Van Tung; ngon nga cüa' nuec nay la Hang Lao. Truk day tai Viet Nam, Lao con c6 ten la Ai Lao, Lao Qua.) - Thii,dO: Vieng-chan (Vientiane).

- Vi tri dia 1Y: Lao la mOt,quac gia duy nhAt 6 Thing Nam A khOng giap vai bin. Lao giap Trung Quoc 6 phia bac yeti duemg bien giói dai 505 km; giap Campuchia 6 phia nam voi duang bier' giefi dai 535 km; giap yeti Viet Nam 6 phia dong v6i duang bien glen dai 2069 km, giap veti Myantria. 6 phia thy Bac \Teri duemg bit gi6i dai 236 km; giap \Teti Thai Lan et phia tay vOi dtremg bien gi6i dai 1835 km. ▪ Quac 1E37

- Quac Huy:

- Dien flitch: 236.800 km2

- Khi hau:•Khi hau trong Ichu \Ric la khi hau nhiet dori cña khu vrc gi6 maa vei hai maa ro ret: mita mua va mita khO. Mita rnua keo dai tü thong 5 den thing 11, tiep theo do la mha kho tir thang 12 den thing 4 nam sau.

- Tãi nguyen thien nhien: Lao c6 nguontai nguyen phong phá va lam, Wong nghiep, Ichoang san va thuY din. Lao cling la qui& gia có nhieu loai clOng vat quy hi/6m tr8n the giei sinh s6ng, n& bat nhat la ha, voi va be) tot khong.la. Rat nhieu loai dang dung truck hiem h9a tuyet chung do nn san trOm va pha rimg..Nhin chung kinh tat Lao tuy phat tri6n song chin c6 ca set bao dam On dinh.

- Don vj tin te: Kip (Kip).

- Dan sat : ten 6.500.000 ngtreti (nam 2013).

3

Dan the: Lao el:5 49 dan tOc, c6 nhang dan tOe goin. nhieu nhanh t'Oc va-dtrac chia thanh 04 nhom nen nhom non nger Lao-Thai, nhOm ng8n ngirs Mon-Kha Me, nhom ng8n ngfr Mong-Dao, nhOm neon ngfr Han-Tay Tang. - TOn giao: Dao Phat chiem 85%.,

- Nem ngt-r: Ting Lao.

• Ngay DOc Cap: 12/10/1945

- NO), Quec khanh: 02/12/1975. - The che Nha ntrot: Lao dang trong giai doan xay dung yà phat trien the di) Dan chi' Nhan clan, tao tin a de timg but tien len Chu nghla xa hOi.

Vai net ve cleat ntrac Trieu Voi

1. Lich sir

Lich sir dm Lao three S kSi . 13 gan lien \Ted su theng tri cüa vuong quac Nam Chieu . mai cho den the ky 14, lanh the nut Lao hien nay ven thuOc ve d ehe Khmer, rOi den vuong qui& Sulchothai.

Twat the Icy 14, lich stir Lao kh6ng duct ghi elk r'6 rang, chit you IA theo truyen thuyet, theo do thi vao khoang the Icy thir 7 (nam 658) "Khun-Lo" lap nuorc tai Mtrang-xoa (Luang-pha-bang ngay nay). Sau ngueri em cna Khun-Lo chia nhau cai tri cac tieu vuong quac lan can.

Vao the 14 thu 14 (nam 1353) Vua Pha Ngirm thong nhat cac Tien vtrang gale (I-laa-phan, Mucmg-phuong, Vieng-chan, Cham-pa-xac...) thanh Vmmg quoc Lan-xang (Trieu voi) bao gem din tich hien nay va yang 1-xan (18 tinh Wong 13.A.c Thai Lan) cling mOt phAn tinh Stung-treng (Bong Bac Cam-pu-chia). Vua Pha-ngirm da xay dung the dr, phong Id& tap trung, day la theri Icy we ra nhat cüa Hell sir phong kien Lao. DAu nAm 2003, Mn cfau tit Lao M chuc. l kSiniem vua Pha Ngirm.

Giaa the Icy 16 (nam 1556), Vua Xet-tha-thi-lat da nil do tir Luong-pha-bang ve Vieng-chan. Cling vao thin kS, nay (1559-1571), Vucmg qu6c Lan-xang bi MiL Dien lam lucre ba lan. Nhan dan Lao kien cuerng noi day Ichod nghia ch6ng ach th6ng tri eUa Mien Dien va den nam 1581 gianh lai dOc lap: Sau do duoi tiled Vua Xu-li-nha Yong-xa, dAt nu& Lan-xang &rot lchoi phije ve moi . mat. Sau kin Vua Xu-li-nha Vong-xa mAt, cac the luc phong kien nOi len tranh gianh chinh quyen. Nam 1713, Lan-xang bi chia thanh 3 vuongluoc la Luong-pha-bang, Vieng-ehan va Cham-pa-xaC.

Nam 1778, Xiem dua quan sang danh Lao. Nam 1779, ctAt nu& Lao Lan-xang fro thanh thuOc dia cUa phong 'den Xiem. Nhan dan. Lao duoi scr lanh dao eüa Vua A-nu da yang len chOng lai ach do 116 elm phong kien Xiem. - Tit 1893-1945, Phap do ho Lao. Trong tiled Icy nay da no ra nhi'eu cuoe lchoi nghra

vii trang dtrai str l'anh dao cüa Pho-ca-duQc, Ong-Kea, Cein-rna-dam, Chau-pha-pat-chay nhung deu thAt bai. Bang cha y la Mm 1892, sau cuCc chien tranh Phap-Xiem,

4

Phap dal V mat hip utc bat binh clang gay thiet hi cho Lao la eat vang I-xan (cac firth Dicing Bac Thai lan hien nay) cho Thai Ian, My song Me-cOng lam hien gieti.

Ngay 12/10/1945, nhan dan Lao clued sv lath do cUa Dang va Mat tan Lao It-xa-la climg len khoi nghia gianh chinh quyen va tuyen b'S doc lap. Tir 195.3-1974, ti'en •.... hanh khang chin chong M. Thai Icy nay có 3 Mn. tha h9p dan Vac (lan thir that: 18/11/1957; Mn th* hai: 23/6/1962; Mn thir ba: 5/4/1974). Ngay 2/12/1975, cluoi sv lanh dao cim Dang Nhan clan Cach mang Lao, nhan dan Lao lat da cha do Quan thu lap hien. Nutc Cang hoa Dan ch8 Nhan -dan Lao ra dot

Lao la thanh vien Lien Hiep Qu6c tir ngay 14 thing 12 nam 1955. Nhiing nam mai thap nien,1980, Lao thvc hien chinh sach noip long kiam sok kinh Nam 1997 quoc gia nay gia nhap Hip hai cac quOc gia DOng Nam A. Hien nay quart

voi Vi'et Nam Van la co ban trong chinh sach doi ngoai dm Lao.

2. Dia 157

Lao la mat quac gia duy nhat a Dong Nam A khong giap vol bian. Lao giap Trung Quoc & phia bac \Teti dutng bien gieri dai 505 km; giap Campuchia 0 phia nam voi throng bien giói dai 535 km; giap veil Viet Nam Or pit d8ng yeti duarng bien gith dai 2069 km, giap Myanma or phia tay Bac v&i. duang Men gied dai 236 km; giap voi Thai Lan 0 phla tay voi dueng bien glad dai 1835 lcm.m

Dia tha dat Lao có nhieu nid non bao phit b&i rimg xanh; dinh cao nhat la Phou Bia cao 2.817 m. Dien tich con lai la binh nguyen va cao nguyen. Song Me K8ng chay doc gin het bien gieti phia tay, giap giOl veri Thai Lan, trong khi do day Trutng Son chay d9c theo bien giai phia d8ng giap yeti Viet Nam.

Khi hau trong khu vvc IA khi hau nhiet ded coa lchu we giO mim veri hai mim rô ret: mita mua va mita kho. Mita mua keo dai tit thang 5 dan thang 11, dap theo do là mAalcho tir thing 12 an thang 4 nam sau.

Tha do va thanh pito ton nhat cim Lao la Vieng Chan, cac thanh pho lem khac la: Louang Phrabang, Savarmakhet va Pakse. ,

Lao clang la (woe gia co nhieu loai tang vat quSr him tren the glad sinh song, n6i bat nhat la ha, vol va bo tot lchang la. Rat nhieu loai dang dung trutc hiam h9a tuyet chimg do nan san tram va pha ring.

3. Hanh chinh-

Lao áp dung mat he thong hanh chinh bon cap gam cap trung uong va ba cap dia phucmg. Cap dia phtrong cao that la tinh co 17 don vi va thanh pho Vieng Chan. Cap dia pluming cap hai là cac quan, huyen,pthi xã. Tie') theo la cap Cum ban (thay cho cap id try& day). Cap dia phucmg thap nhat la ban.

Thu dO: Vieng Chan

5

Cie firth: Attapeu - Bokeo - Borikhamxay - Champasack - Huaphanh - Khammuane Luangnamtha - Luangprabang - Oudomxay - Phongsaly Saravane - Savannakhet - Vieng Chan - Xayabury - Sekong - Xiengkhuang - Xaisomboun

• Thanh ph& Vieng Chan (thil do), Luangprabang (thanh ph6)

• Thi Attapeu, Ban Houayxay, Bounneua, Flat Dokeo, Luang Namtha, Nam Thane, Napheng, Oudomxay, Paklay, Pakse, Paksong, Phongsali, Phonhong, Phonsav an, Salavan, Savannalchet (Kaysone Phomvihane), Sayaboury, Seno, Thakhek, Thangone, Vang Vieng, Viengsay.

4. Dan cur

Khoang 60% dan cu la dan tQc Lao theo nghia hcp, nh6m cu dan thong l'inh trong chinh tri, van h6a sinh sang of cac khu we det thap. Dan tOe Lao bat nguan tü ngueri Thai di Cu tur Trung Quac xuang phia nam khoang thien nien1(3% 1 nix& ding nguyen. 84 clan cu thuQc cac sac toe khde a vimg dat the') ding voi ngued Lao duac goi chung la Lao Lam.

Cac dan tQc Sinh sang ô viing cao la ngued HiMong (Meo), Dao (Yaohay Mien), Thai Lan, Shan va mOt it ngtrai gac Tay Tang-Mien Dien, sang tai cac Ichu we co lap caa Lao. Cac bQ lac viing cao vâi mOt di san ngan ngit sac tQc Mn hgp ô phia bac dm Lao. Wit each tang quat h9 dugc Net den nhu la ngtrai Lao Sung hay ngueri Lao vimg cao.

Cac yang mai a trung tam va mien nam la nai sinh song cilia the b0 lac thuOc sac tQc Mon-Khmer, dirge biet den nhtr la ngueri Lao Thong. CO mOt it nguesi la goo Viet Nam, chli yeu a cac thanh thi, nhung nhieu ngueri dä red khoi day sau khi Lao gianh d'Qc lap alai nhang nam thap nien 1940 va sau 1975.

Thuat nget Lao kheing nhet thiet phai chi den nem nga, dan tOe Lao hay tap quart cUa ngtred Lao ma n6 bao ham 31, nghia chinh tri nhieu han. NO co the bao ham ca the sac tOe khong phai la ngtrai Lao gac nhung dang sinh song a Lao va la ding dan Lao. Tuang tu nhtr \ray tir "Lao" c6 the chi den flitting ngueri hay ngon ngil, van Ma va am flux cüa nhang ngueri thuQc sac tOe Lao dang sinh song a \rung Dong Bac Thai Lan (Isan).

Ton gido chinh la Phat giao Theravada, ding vori nhang diem chung cUa the( ding linh vat trong cac b'Q lac mien mai la str ding Mn tai 'mat each hea birth dm the/ ding tinh than. CO mOt so it ngtrai theo dao Kith va dao Hai. .

Ng& ner chinh thire va chi phoi la tiang Lao, ngon ner eüa ngued Lao da s6, la mOt ngon net thu0c nger chi Thai trong h ngein nfl Tai-Kadai TiAng UAn e6 thanh dieu va phat âni giang tieng Thai, va trong di& thoai ngueri Lao va ngueri Thai Lan c6 the bleu nhau dtrgc. Ngtrai dia cac dan tOe thieu s6, & vang trung va cao nguyen nOi ti8ng cüa dan tOe minh.

5. Chinh tri

6

Lao dang tronagiai doan xtry dung va ph& trian eh a de Dan chit' Nhân dan; tao tian de da tang butc tian len cha nglfia xã hei.Cha de met dang; Dang NDCM Lao lanh &Jo toan din; Quac hei do dan ben, nhiem ky 5 nam; Chinh phit c6 15 Be va co quan ngang BO; Phatrohia dia phuang, lath the va dia gial hanh chinh: cà nixac ca 16 don vi hanh..chinh cap tinh va Thu do Vieng-chan.

+ Tit Dai hei IV (1986) Dang NDCM Lao da da ra dueyng 16i dOi mai,.cti the h6a va bat tay that hien. Dai hei V (1991) tip tie hoan thin clueing lOi dei mai v6i cha truang tip We xay dung va phat trien che de Dan chit' nhân dan, tang buoy lien tai

nitic lieu XHCN. Dai hei VI. (1996) ding kat 5 bai hoc kinh nghiemtritt ra tir thuc tien 10 nam lanh dao thge hien doi mai va danh giá d6 la thanh qua lich sir quan tong. Dai hei VII (2001) dã tri'an khai duang 16i di mai thanh chin lugc phat than dat nu& dn nam 2020; da ra chi deli phdn dau khac pinic tinh trang dai ngheo, dim ddt flute thodt khai tinh trang chdm phdt trian. Dai hoi VIII (3/2006) tiap -Luc khang dinh hai nhiem vu'chian luge la bao ve va xay dung TO quac va &rang loi mai da phat teen dat nu& vismg chac han, din Lao ra khoi tinh tang kern phdt &&n, tao tin de yang chac cho cOng nghiep hod, hien dai hod dat nuerc, huang toi CNXH".

6. Kinh it‘

Lao la nu6c nam sau trong lye dia., kh8ng co &rang thong ra bien va cha yeti la dai nal trong do 47% din Hai la thug. Co met s8 Mug bang nho ô vang thung lang s8ng Me Kong hoc the phy urn nhu dang bang Vieng Chan, Champasack...45 % dan sá song& vang nUi. Lao co 800.000 ha dat canh tdc nong nghiep voi 85% clan so song bang nghe n8ng.

Lao co nguon tai nguy8n .phong phU ve lam nghiep, Deng nghiep, khoing san va thuSr dien. Nhin chung kinh ta Lao nay phat Ulan song chin c6 co sâ bao dam On dinh.

Nen kinh t6 trong nhfing nam gen day c6•nhieu flan be. Cdc muc kinh ta-xa

hei do the k5/. dai hei va cap chuong trinh Ice hoach 5 nam &rex trian khai thuc hien co hieu qud. Lao dang tiara bat thiai co, dang tao nen nhcrng buck dot phd va dang CO nhang tien de cho m'et tang tOc. Tang tnrang GDP nam 2007 (tat 8%, nam 2008 dat 7,9%. Thu nhap binh quan du ngtrai tang den, nam 2000 dat 298 USD/nguai/narn; nam 2006 dg 546 USD/nguari/nam, nam 2007 dat 678 USD/nguai/natn, nam 2008 dg 841 USD/nguad/nam. Den nam 2020, Lao phdn dau dat GDP binh quan du nguai tang gap 2-3 len hien nay, khoang 1.200-1.500 USD/nam.

Kinh ta disc i ngoai: d'an nam 2007, Lao c6 quan h thucmg mai vol 60 nuac, k Hip dinh thuong mai veil 19 mac, 39_nuac cho Lao huang quy cha GSP. Hang hod xudt khau cha you la khodng san va go.

Dai hOi thing Nhan dan Cach mang Lao len thir VIII thang 3 nam 2006 de ra mtic tit dan nam 2020: xay dung yang chac h th6ng chinh tri dan chit' nhân dan, trong do

7

Bang la hat nhan lath dao, gift Wing On dinh chinh tri, an ninh trot tv an toan xâ hoi; dua dat ntrac thoat khoi tinh trang kern phat trian; kith te phat tri6n dva teen sv phat trian nOng nghiep yang chac va lay phat trian cong nghiep lam ,ca .so?, tao tin de cho cling nghiep hog., hien dal hod dat nuac, tao chuyan bian caban v chuyen di ca cu kinh th theo Inning tich ctrc; ph& Wen nhip nhang cac thanh 'phan kinh te, trong do thanh phan kinh M Nha nu& va kinh tá cap tha duce cimg ca va that trian yang manh. GDP tang gap 3 Mn nam 2000; chU gong m& rang hgp tap quac ta.

Lao - mat trong so it cac ntrac Ong san con lai - dal bat d'au d6 b6 vie& kiam soat tap trung h6a va tang cuong phat trien doanh nghiep tu nhan vao nam 1986. Kat qua tir mat xuAt ph& dim thap la rat An tugng. T$! le thug truang trung binh hang nam dat 7% trong cac nam 1988-2001 ngoai trir mat khoang thin gian tvt xuong do cuac khüng hoang tai chinh chau A bat dau nam 1997.

Mac dit Mc do tang tneang cao nhtmg Lao van con la mat tat nuac yeti ca s& ha tang lac hau. Tai - day da c6 tuYan clueing sat nOi thil de Vientiane (Lao) d'an tinh Nong Khai (Thai Lan), he thong &rang ba mac dU dã dugc cal tao nhung van di lai khO khan, he thong lien lacvign thong trong ntrac va •quOc ta con giai han, dien sinh hoat chi mai c45 & mat so Ichu v‘tc do thi.

San pham nong nghiep chiam khoang mat nfra tong san pham quac nai (GDP) va sir dvng 80% lvc lugng lao tang. Nam 2015 san xuat 4,2 trieu tan Km gao. Nan kinh yin tip tnc nhan dirge sr try gilt') cUa Quy flan t qu'ac t'a (IMF) va cac ngtiOn quoc tá Ichac cling nhu tir dau tu nu& ngoai trong che bian san phAm Ming nghiep va khai Ichoang. San xuat din trong nam 2012-2013 la 10.570.000 MW. Dc an thny din Xayaboury dugc xay dung. Khoang 74,77% ding sO lang trong cà mite c6 din (2014). Nam 2015 du Ichach nu& ngoai den Lao dat 4,33 trieu lugt.

Theo bao cao tai Dai hal X Dang Nhan dan each mang Lao, clan 2015 Lao thu nhap binh quan da.0 ngtrai tang len den 1.970 USD, va chi 's' 'fl '3.190 USD vao natm 2020.

Tinh dan nam 2016, GDP dm Lao dat 13.761 USD, dung thir 122 tha giâi, dung tit* 37 chau A va &mg thir9 Deng Nam A.

7. Van h6a

Nn van h6a. Lao chiu anh huong nO.'ng cita Phat giao Thugng tpa 130. Str anh huong nay dugc phan anh trong ng6n nget va nghe thuat, van hpc va nghe thuat bieu din dm Lao.

Ye am nhac, ngtroi Lao sir clang nhac cv nay nhin chung chimg co nhiau danh hr nhu nhau nhung phan Ian dng tir va tinh tir

Cac dja diam co tinh van Ma lich sir cao cUa Lao c6 tha ka tai Canh deng chum & tinh Xieng Khouang.

Ng8n ngir Lao va Thai co ye giang nhau nhung thuc tie Lilac bit nhau. Dü pha'n lan ngtrai Lao hifrau tieng Thai Ichau ngit va viat va tham chi noi dirge tieng Thai. Cac

8

ban nhac thuang sir dung (mor lam) va khaen (mor khaen) ding vai dan keo ding cac nhac cOng khac. Lain saravane la loai nhac Lao ph6 bin nhat. Ngtred Lao & Thai Lan a phat trien met clang ggi la mor lam sing. ai Thai ben ngoai yang Than khong hieu tieng Lao. Chit vik Lao va Thai cling khac.nhau va nhin chung it nguai Thai dgc duce chit Lao.

8. Am nitqc

Am nhac ciia Lao anh huong 16n cita cac nhac cu dan tOc flint khan (mOt clang cfia 6ng tre. IVIOt dan nhac (mor lam) din hinh bao gm nguai thei khan (mor khaen) ding voi bieu dien mita HA nghesi khac. Máa Lam v8ng (Lam saravane) la the loai phi') bin nhat cila am nhac Lao, flitting nguoi Lao & Thai Lan da Ott trien va ph e bin rOng rAl tren the giai gçi amor lain sing.

9. Le hOi

hoi or Lao hay dugc ggi la Bun. Nghia dung cila Bun la phutc. Lam Bun nghia la lam phuotc da duge phuoc. Cling nhu cáe bulk trong khu virc Dong Nam A, lghOi tai dat nuare Lao ding chia lam 2 phAn, phan l va phAn hOi. Lao la xir s& cüa le hOi, thong nao trong dam ding co. M.& nam c6 4 lan th: Tat Duang Lich, Tat Nguyen Dan (nhu & mot s6 nu& A Deng), Tet Lao (Bun PiMay vao thang 4) va Tet TrItmong (thing 12). Ngoain con cac l hOi: Bun. PhaVet (Ph@ h6a than) vao thang 1; Bun VisakhaPuya (Ph@ Dan) vao thang 4; Bun BangPhaY (Ono thang thieri) vao thang 5; Bun Khao PhanSa (min chay) vao thang 7; Bun Khao Padapdin (Wang nil& ngtroi da mat) vao thing 9; Bun Suanghua (dim thuyan) vao thang 10. Sau day la mOt so le hoi chinh tai dat mr&c. Lao:

Li LI hi thong gieng: ( Bun Si&ig-khg-ehau-khOu-ecim),

hOi nay dugc lam vao ram thang gieng d8 cling trtri (tat, th6 than va ma quY, xa tOi vong than. U hOi nay chi con ten tai & chin Ph& Phau, Lu8ng Pra Bang. Trong tired gian t6 chirc l hOi, ngtzeri dan den chin de nghe nha six giang giai v8 dao phap va doc kinh, dang cam rang cho nha six.

1.2 LI hoe thcing hai, (Bun Khun-khau nay-lan, Siang Ma mai det'y san).

Day la 18 hOi th8 hiCn sr tran trong d& v&i cong sire cila con nguai lam ra hat dick, hat gao. Mix dich nham giao due con chair khong dugc quen ong ba cha mc da vat va lam ra hat thoc. Bang thin t6 long Eli& an Ma gao, ton vinh nhitng tinh dry cim dat trod lien quan den lua gao.

hOi dugc t6 chirc,6 nai.d8 Ma. Sau khi thu hoach, Ma dugc phai rung, khi lqa Itho ngued da'n mang ye' va chat thanh d6ng, an dan dan thi mang 16a ra tuat den do.

Sau khi Ma dugc chat thanh ding, gia chit lam cam cimg yeti hang x6m lang gieng tc chirc l cang.Mue dich eau mong cho Ma gao & lai nha minh, & lai rung dat dm that'll ban va sang nam tie') tuc dugc mi. Sau khi ding xong, gia chit mang cam

9

dan dang cho su ô chin va ngai nghe giang dao dgc kinh. Ca lang dau ta chuc ding mOt ngay vac) ram thang hai.

1.3. a hai thing ba.(Bun khau chi):

Cam nap ducc nam thanh timg nam nho nlur qua tang, rac muM du, xiOn bang xien tre va dem nueng ten than hoa cho den khi yang rOm. Sau do phet trimg len va dem nuang lai Ian ncra. MOt sa nai con ph& nuOt mia vao cam a nuomg. M9i ngued ducyc tap trung tai mOt dia diem trong lang d cimg lam cam nuerng sau do clang cho nha six a chim va ding nhau an.

hoi dirge t6 chat sau !chi thu hoach xong va min c14 ta an trbi phat. Mat khac,.theo truyen thuyat vao ngay 15 thang 3 hang nam la ngay tu hOi caa 1250 than linh ma khong hen tube.

Thang 3 can l hoi nita la "Bun ma kha bun sa", dugc ta chac vao glib thang 3 am lich. Ngued Lao chuan bi cho l h'Oi nay rAt chu dap, vi day la dip . dkoho cac tang

phat giao nhac nit& lai. cho dan chang tam guang dm dire Phat. 1.4. a hai thang tic (Bun Pha vat).

Day la le hoi lem ser Lao duce t6 chirc a ttremg ph& va kham phuc dire hy sinh eOa Phat Vet san cirm -ton dm mOt nha six dugc tu that-1h phat. U hoi nay dirge ta chat

chaa vao ram thang tu, \Ted nhiau Gong don khat nhau nhu: ChuAn bi dia diem da cM cho nhang ngubi ngai. Med cac nha sir, mOt s6 nai con t6 ch*c mac Ph@ va rat linh dinh va ng6i nghe va truyen thuy'et tu thanh phat.

TI hi dugc ta chirc 3 ngay lien tuc. M& buai sang va bad. tnra m9i gia dinh deu mang cam den cho nha six, buM Mi t6 chirc mita hat tai san chim. 1.5 hi thing nam (Bun pi may — Bun hot nam hay can gpi la Bun Sang lcan — Hi te nut).

Nam mai Lao

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Bun Sang kan co nghla la tin nem ca don nam mai. Le hOi din ra trong cac . ngay 13-14-15 thang 4 nem cluang lich hang Mm. Day la thai diem chuyen giao tü mna kho sang min mua. Theo phong toc, vao ngay le nay, m9i nguesi, m9i nha deu phai mang nu& thorn den chaa a tam cho Ph@ va lay nu& tam Ph@ vehôa vol nuoc thorn va te cho Ong be, cha me va nhang ngtrai c6 ding lao &rang duce

nghia

Toe te nu& nhem d xin tha thix nhang 161 lam trong mat Mm qua va chile ph& tad nhang ngtroi da. Nguai clan ceu cho mua thuan gi6 hoa d lao tang san xuat, dem lai sr tuai mat cho van vat va Am no bath phOc cho muon dan (str tich Bun hot nem dm Lao). Ngay 13 la ngay cuOi ding dm Mm ca, ngay 14 va ngay 15 la "ngay giao thira" vi ngay 16 la ngay cüa dau dam mei.

Trong mat Mm co 12 La si, co La si cüa tirng thing. Pha Ra Athit vao La si Me sa (thing 4 dtrcmg lich), ngtrai ta thuong pi la ngay hOi 16m Dec biet, vi la ngay va thai gian chuyen tiep giaa nem va nem mai. Theo phong tic, vao sang sem (khoang 3 gia sang, truck khi c6 tieng chim h6t) cüa ngay.thir nhat, m9i nguai trong nha day \fa di tam rfra, sau da phii rim tAt ca cac da Sc trong nha. O chUa, cac tucmg phat duqc mang ra san d rpoi rigtrai den tam phat duqc d dàng. Trong suOt ba ngay, moi war tam cho phat va to nu& cho nhau.

1.6. LI hell thing sau: (Bun Bong phay — H'Oi phao hoa hay HEX Phao thong thien)

Phao duce lam bang Ang tre duqc nhOi day phan dal rang len yeti than hoa • nghien nh6. Thing salt là thang &au müa mua, lOc do, (tong ruang khO can, nong den chuan bi gieo cay vo mãa thing okra al nuot. Do d6, 119 to chac ban phi() hoa len triyi a bao hieu Thai gian chu'en bi \To min dã tor va .cau mong Ong trail lam mua d c6 mite. L hi nay Prong ttr nhu l hi Lang Tang dm dang bao Thai 0 Viet Nam.

U hi nay duce via chat vao ra'iritliivrig 6. Cac lang ban du t chirc l hal ban phao hoa 0 gan khu (long rung qUa lang, ban minh. Ngtrai Lao quan niem, phao cUa

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:j.

ban nao na to, bay cao thi ban do se gap nhieu may man. Ngay nay, nhan dan cang dang corn cho nha six va den le a chua, nghe giang dao.

1. 7. LihOi thang My: (Bun Xam rckHai tang on) -

hOi nay có nghla la gOt rfra bUi ban, tam cho sach, du& sach ta ma ra khOi ban, gOt sach tam han, xua tan nhartg,dieu khong may rnn. Vao ngay ram thang 7 m9i ngued mang hoa, nn va chat' nu& den nha chin de cdc six lam phep thanh ntrac thieng. Sau do mang nuesc ve nha te cho ngtred trong nha va cdc do dac, nha càa dat dai caa minh.

1.8. LI hal thang tarn: (Bun Kh au phan sá-Hai yao chay).

• hOi nay dirge t6 chirc vao ngay 01 thang 8 hang nam. Theo phong tvc, sau ngay nay nha six a trong chila ca 3 thing khong di ra ngoai &rang, killing sang cdc chaa Ichac, khong vao nha dan. M9i ngued dan mang corn, nuac va tien dm den chaa nit& cdc nha six gfri cho th tien, nhang ngued da qua ca. Dang that nghe nha six chi den nhang dieu kieng Icy va nhang viec can phai lam trong 3 thong. Tix khi vao maa chay, ngued dan Ichong at nha, khong cuoi hOi va co the tam thed bo rugu, thuac Id.

LI hal thang 9: (Bun khu khau pa dap din — LIhç5i M thi).

Vao ngay ram thang chin, cdc gia dinh g6i del an thirc uang m& thir mOt it vao nhieu g6i khac nhau (khoang 9 gap, Truck khi mat trod m9c, cdc gia dinh deu mang nhang gal do an that uOng dos de tren cac canh cay, be( rao, g6c vtran quanh nha. Ngueli nha khan vai, mai pi nhung linh hem nguesi than da qua. ca, ngued xdu sa, nhcreng linh han cUa mu6ng thU bj giam cam 6. dja ngvc. Wing linh han doge tha ra va dang & gan do dirge an uang va mang. di lam du tit khoi bj doi khat.

Bu& sang, cdc gia dinh cling mang nhang gel da an, tithe tieing den chaa clang cho six. BuOi t6i ding den. chin nghe giang dao, doe Icinh.

1.10. Le' hal thong 10: Bun ha khau -sac — Le hal Mc tham

• hOi bac tham la mOt le hOi ba thi them mOt Ian nita. Cdc linh han dugc tha ra sau 15 ngay Ice tir HOi 1)6 thiphang 9) phai quay tar lai nod 6. cüa minh. Hai le hOi nay Wong tu nhu nhau. Ca hai deu lam cac gOi d6 an thirc uong cho cdc linh h6n, bao gom ca t6 tien caa minh va nhang linh han nhcmg nguesi khong có ngued than.

.Tuy nhien hinh thirc se khac nhau: Truax khi mang le vat den cho nha six, dan ban phai bac tham c6 ten clia cdc nha six. N'eu ai bac dugc ten nha six nao thi mang 18 vat den cho nha six do. Tiap,theo ngued mang vat den ghi ten minh vao trong Ichay le vat. Sau dO cdc nha six lai bac tham, nau tang ten le vat cOa ai thi ngtred dO mang vat cua minh cho nha su bac du7c ten nil. ',Int,

U hOi dugc t6 chirc vao r6 thang 10 hang nam.

1.11. Li hal thang 11: (Bun ook phdn sá- Hai man chay).

• hOi nay dugc lam a chila vao ngay 15 thang 11 hang nam.

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Sau L hai nay, cac nha su throe ra kh6i chira. H9 ,dugc coi nhu là mat qua trinh

tu nhan tich dirc tai chin dal hoar' thanh va trey lai cuOc song thuong ngay.

Sau Bun ook phan sa, con có Bun xuOng htra — 1 hi dua thuy'en; Bun loi ca

thong — Hai tha thuyen cat dat nen.

1.12. Le hOi tilting 12: (Bun cg thin — Le hal hie'n tgng go chogng cho nha str).

Theo phong tuc, sau khi phai tu tong chin 3 thang, cac nha su. dugc di ra ngoai

va den de chim lchac, can cep nhang ba áo choang mai a mac: Do vay nha chin tti_

chirc 1 hOi nay de nhan dan den hien tang cho nha six nhitng tam áo choang mói. Le hai nay rat quan tong, bOi vi theo quan niem. cita nguari dan neu lam ph& thi dugc pink lan hon. Ngtrai Lao tin rang khi lam ph& cho nha chiia thi sê duct phite cá rt.

hi hien tang áo choang cho nha six la lthi al& ding trong 12 la hi theo

phong tue cüa ngtrai Lao. Trong 1 hi nay, nguai dan can den chin dang corn cho six

va nghe giang dao.

1.13 M'Ot so le hOi truyen thong Lao khgc:

Ngoai ra, con co Le hai That Luang then ra vao ngay ram thong 12 Ph@ licit Leg

hai keo dai mat tuan. Hai That Lung là le WO ton giao lan nhat, dam net van h6a Lao

nhat va thu hirt,dtrgc sty quan tam dm dong dao nguei clan cac ba -lac Lao ten ca nuorc

cimg khach qui& te.

Hang nam, Chinh quyen thu do Vieng Chan deu to chirc l hi nay. Khap nai clang tiled tO chirc trien lam, hai chg hang Ma. Cac dia phucmg, cdc tã eh& quac te,

cac dai sir quan tai Lao... ding tham gia to chirc cdc tr6 chai dan gian...

Ti khi (Hockey Lao): Ti khi dirge chia lam 2 phe: Phe do do tugng trung cho quart chic. Phe do tang tugng trtmg cho dan. tan thi dau 3 hiep de phan thang bai. Theo tin nguang truy'en thong, nu Phe do de thang thi dat nuon se kilo dirge yen. Chinh vi the ma nam nao Phe do tang (c6 khi cad trail) cling thang. Ngodi

ra, con mang doan kat sum h9p cimg xay dung dat nu& phan vinh hanh phirc.

10.Am thve

Am thut Lao mang phong each tucmg tu cac quoc gia lang gieng la Campuchia Ara Thai Lan: cay, chua va ng9t. Tuy nhien, am thuc lai mang nhitng phong cach dc trung rat rieng.

Phong ccich

Ngoai cá nuac ngot thi thit heo, ga, trau va vit la nhang thanh phan quan tong de nau nuong nhieu thir mon an thong thuOng. Ngtthri Lao cOng an nhting thir thit thir san nhu nai, ga rung, chim cut neu c6 dip kiem dugc.

Nguiri Lao an gao la chinh; cdc mon an cO dc diem la dung nhung gia vi ntar girng, me, la. chanh, va nhieu lo?" ,ifiticlio rat cay. Vi chinh trong cac m6n an hau het cdc mon an deu co rat nhieu at. Chi rieng at c6 hang chuc man: tir at chien gion, at

1:3

mu& chua, at sa ta, 61 ham, 61 luOc Chinh vi cay nay cling la mOt net van Ma vi 'Alan dOng ngued Lao sir dung nguan lao &Ong chan tay, vi cay gay kich kich, tao mon an .ngon, ginp nguai lao dOng An dugc nhieu, tang six lao dOng; O m8i vüng ding co cac mon An dc trtmg, co cac ten ggi .khac nhau va dugc che bleu theo dc trung cüa timg yang, nhung khong the khong co vi cay cüa 61...MOt mon An lieu bleu cüa ngued Lao la skr pha trOn giitatay va ng9t, dirge trung hoa them thao it*. Ca danh bat dirge tit sOng, hO, suoi dugc ngueri Lao cha bin co act pha trOn cüa cac loai gia vi thao mOc. Mani ca. (pa dek) va mam Cheo gm da trau,.01ntrong, t6i nuong, Hang nuong, &rang cling nhieu gia vi thao mloc trOn ian hoac.marri Muok gam long ca. trOn 01, sa, cü hanh hau nhu nha nao cling co va nu& mam (nam pla) dirge ngued. Lao sir dung hat sire ph6 bian.

Ngubi Lao thuang xay citing ben canh nha minh mOt vuem rau, tren do ngulri ta tong cac loai rau nhu hanh,khoai tir, dua chuOt, du van, di cdi,cdn tay,xa lach,..v..v.. NO la nhang thir bt; sung cho beta an hang ngay clia ngulyi Lao:

• Ccic mon an

Mon an Lao c6 Icha nhiau mon ngon, co tha ka ra nhtr: ga nuong, lap, lap =Ong, thirt heo hap mang (haat ca hap la chuoi), ga (ca) nau me, rau luOc, cam (coi). Ngoai ra con c6 the mon khac nlur nhu: ach, muc chien ten, stain ntror'ng, nem chua ca thit... Am dux Lao, ngoai cat m6n nay, con co nhang mon dtrgc xem la dc san nhu: Men Tam Maak Hung can g9i la Om du gom dua mu8i, du &au dua, ca dia gia rOi trOn chung veri cling hang chic gia vi An rdt la. Ngoai Tarn Maak Hung PI dm c6 the mon nhu Tho6t mU fiat dieu 121, torn darn cung131, ca nuOng... M8i mon dau c6 the nguyen liau khac nhu Lap dtrgc lam bang thit heo, barn nhe, trOn gia vi Lao, An veil xi& hoc earn, trOn chung vOl at cay, ca nuang dugc &fp mu6i ngoai da, khi ntrang chin, da ca khong chay nhung phut trang lop muOi, thit ca khong dinh vao da, mill thorn, cham vei nut "cher)" (de che tir at, tOi, hanh, mam, muoi, bOt ng9t va chanh).

Tépnhãy

Mon nay dugc xem la dc san trail Mt Lao, tap song dugc danh bat teen song Me • K6ng con tuoi dugc vat chanh vao, top se bi chin tai cling vOi gia vi dugc an song kern nuerc cham.

Gia vi

Gia vi chinh dm Lao trong cac mon an la hai vi thuOc "gialang" va "macut", cling veil cac gia vi khac nhu 01, toi, pha det... cling cac gia vi Viat Nam.

Com

Lua,gao rat dug° tran twig Lao. Nguai Lao de bit thich An go nap (khao nyao) rang go te (khao chao) va bnn go (khao poon) cling rat pith bien. Cac thanh vien trong gia dinh an cam tit mOt cai the) chung hoc dung rieng rni nguari mOt bat. Corn * thi ngueri ta An bOt bang tay. Ngtren An se nam corn thanh timg vien nho, va

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sau d6 dung n6 nhu cai thia cM vet va lüa thirc an ten dia vao mieng, hoc cham vao there cham.

Gao là thir luang thuc co nhieu cong clung, clUng a lam vo bye cho cac loai

banh, lam ichuon cho cac mon trang mi'eng va banh,lcco. Corn trOn lchoai s9, nu&

cat dim, va ng6 hoa sang delam m6n diem tarn, chang han niur mon Khao tom - gam cam ton vài chu6i, god vao lá chuai rai dem hp. Mt mon diem tam thong dung khac la Torn nam hua bua, duce lam bang each ton corn voi ntrac cOt dim va hoa sen.

6 Lao, corn nep thuiyng duce dat len nhang bac Mang Phat boa° nhang bac Meng cüa ttr gia cM eang cho cac vi than cu no; tai do.

Phu nit thueng duce lien tuerng math me vai lim gao. Trong nhieu ling ban heo lanh co truyen thuyet ice rang nit than lila da hien clang mInh cho ogee lira, va tro cüa nit than dã giap cho dan lang dtrac.mOt mim bOi thu. 6 mot sa lang ban ngued Phuan, ,hai eta caa cac bà ta ba so duce gift trong ngoi thap nh6 xay gala ruOng km cim gia dinh.

Cum km

Corn lam la loai cam duce lam tix gao (thiximg 14 gao nip) ding mOt so nguyen lieu khac; cho vao Ong tre, giang, nira v.v. va nuOng chin ten lira. Corn die trung cim cac dan toe viing Tay Bac Viet Nam, Tay Nguyen va mat_ so clan tOc tai Lao, Thai Lan, Campuchia, Myanmar va Trung Qu8c

Nguyen lieu lam cam lam bao gam gao, (kg nua (tre), la chuii. Ngoai ra ce thi con c6 dim nao,,mr6c cot dira, vimg trOn lk gao,truot khi ntrang. aing,doi 'chi, tai mOt se, viing mien san, lchoai, ng8, dirge chat mieng nh6 nhoi vao 6ng de nuOng thay cho nguyen lieu chinh la gao.

Lay gao be vao mOt chic 'Ong giang mOt du ha, sau do clung la chuai bit kin lai rai date Nhung nAu corn lam thvc ra khong chi don gian nhu.vay. Ong giang dung nau cam lam phai can tuai cM khi cam chin, hat corn quyen them mot eh& vi ngyt va miii die tnmg cim tre. Nira darting dirge chyn giang banh to, non qua hay gia qua diu killing dirge.

Dat len mOt ding lira, cher that duym, sau do dat len teen mOt chiec kiing va 'cep cac 8ng Lam teen do. Trong khi nAu '<hong quen xoay di xoay lai nhitng chic Ong Lam nhu khi nuong bap. KhoAng mOt tiing ding ha thl An &roc. Thvc ta, theo kinh nghiem eüa nhang ngueti dan tOc thi khi nghe mid thorn tir Ong Lam bay ra la bit corn chin hay chin ma Ichong can ma nap.

Khi CUM chin, che be lop chay den ben ngoai 8ng corn that kheo leo cho den khi bao bye phan rut cam chi la mot lap lat giang mOng. Xat rn& Ong ra thanh nain hay bay khüc. Khi An chi can bac b6 16p lat giang ben ngoai.

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Corn lam doge don ra'an clang vol thit ga hay thit Ion rung nuang (nhang tit* thit nay aing duge nuang tong Ong tre). Tuy nhien, corn lam ngon nhat khi An voi muoi yang (me).

Cac mon nutmg

Ngued Lao dc biet thich An nueng; tu thit, cá, corn den ca rau cO va gia vi. H9 kh8ng chira lai thec An trong Ca va khong ngOi An khi khach dã dung day.

Tillie ding ' A Thee uong tha. Lao cep lau Lao, Fanthong (gin giong \Tod rtrgu can), NamSa (tra

pha nhat), cà phew Dc bia la mon dim nueng. Dira de nguyen trai nueng vira phai, 10t ve reed trap lanh. Ntrec dira c6 vi ngot va thorn rat la, cam dim deo An rat ngon.

Nuec dira dirge tim thay hau hat trong the loai thIrc ang, ngued Lao c6 thoi quen hay pha troll nu& dira vei cac loai tithe tilting khae. Lau Lao — mOt loai mon nhe lam dr corn nep len men uOng vei chin chanh va Pepsi. Rtrou Lao a uong, kilo say, nhtmg khi say khong gay nhec dau. Cac thtrc pham dung a nail rucru, xoi, cam... va gia vi cüa ngtred Lao \IA khong bat chuck dirge. Theo tap quart, trong the btita tic hOi, vai ngued ngai Wing Lau lao clang mat Kw bang nhang cal ang dai hut rucm tir mat binh sir.

CA phe Lao thi tuyet vet da so dirge tong tir cao nguyen Bolovens mau met' 6 Nam LAo. Ngued Lao thich tieing cà phe darn NIA ng9t, vi the ngueri ta hay cho them duemg va sUa de van eà phe. CA phe thuemg dirge pha timg ly, uong kern v6i mat

A coc Nam Sa, mOt thu TrA Tàu pha nhat

Lao cuing c6 thucmg hieu bia rieng, bia Lao a uong va a clang tim thay & hau het quart an hay nha hang nao ten khap dAt nu&

L4p

Mon an truyen thlong trong l hOi cüa nguesi Lao, va cling la mOt m6n An dan toe gan gili nhat eüa h9, dirge ggi IA Lap, nghia la "may man". Lap IA mot mon dai tic, thueng duce d9n ra trong nhang dip (lac bia hoe cho nhimg vi khach danh dtr, dirge ngtreci ta so sanh veri men thit nueng cüa ngtred Tac7ta hay mon bit t& ceviche coa ngued Mexico. Lap dirge lam tir thit be, thit hum barn nhuien (hoc thit trau, ca) ved rau bac ha xat nho va nuee cot chanh.

Pho Lao

Ngtrai Lao cling rat thich mon An Viet, ma mon khodi khau nhat la pH,. Ph& an vOl mOt Ca rau d'e rieng, gam rau diep, bac ha va rang tre d co the cho them vao nu& dung.

MOn An Phap

Mon An Phap cling duce in chu(ing tai Lao, va co thAd dang tim thacy a moi nai, nhat la trong nhang nha hang 0 Vientiane va Luang Phrabang. Mon dui Ech va

16

filet Mignon, bit tec t van duce Ira chueng trong nhan dan. Banh ml gion kieu Phap hay baguette la mon An sang cna ngu&i. Lao. Nguti Lao nhiang baguette vao • cà phe scra dein hay An yeti trirrig ran hay nhet pate vao trong Dim banh sandwich. - Nguti Lao con thuong dingbanh ml croissant va banh ml socola vói met ly ca phe dam.

Phong each khan an • .

Kheng giang nhu Phuong Tay, ngued Lao khong An quanh ban An cao ma nguesi - Lao ngei xem teen nn nha, ngu6i Lao Mang len ban ding met 16c cac mon An. Quan niem Piep — la cha me, la be teen luon An mieng Mu tien d khai mac ban An, theo thir tu tu6i tac se' An cac mon sau flop theo.

Khach clan nha se tuan theo nhang quy the Wat buoc duce xem la net van h6a rdt Hong cUa minh, khach khong dtryc ng6i An trong khi nhang ngtred khác da dimg day. Tap quart dm nguti Lao la luon chira lai thuc An trong dia khi da An xong, nett khach killing chin lai thin An, nguti, ta se cho la kith An Thong du no. chit nha se bi mAt the' dien. Ngueri Lao rat sach se den muc ky tinh, ho co thoi quen it tay Thong chi trtrac • ma cá sau beta An.

IVI6n An tir con triing

Loai thin An giau dam nay &we tim thay rat nhieu tren dat nu& Campuchia va Thai Lan va Lao. NguOi Lao cling rat thich dung con trimg de cite bien nhiau mOn An. Tir de cam, trimg kien den con ca cuffing, nhen then trong cac mon chien, xao, don au phOng den hap cam hay ngam giam deu rat ngon. Dat nit& van la con ca cu6ng - mOt loai con trimg co ich sting nhieu a ang ruOng Campuchia ved hucmg vi thorn cay. Tuy nhien, mon An tir con tang dm Lao lai it mon hcm ngtroi Thai Lan va it phi) Nen hon.

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11. Giao thong

Giao thOng LAo &tot xem tuang di t6t, tai cac thanh phalem, giao thOng rat thuan tin. Ngtred Lao tai vang tha do du sir dung xe hoi do.gia nhap khau re, ngtrai lam Ong chirc duce cap xe hen luong xe 4 bath tai peac thanh.pho lon rat nhieu. Xe may hau nhu rat it va khong cep, xe dap cling him thay ngay tai tha do.

Dueng sá halt het la &rang 2 chieu, tai ode nga tucien xarth la den mOt huong va Wing cho phép huong dai din chay. Den bO hanh-cling nhir den cho xe chay du la den mOt hi/Ong.

Tang. chiau dai cac tuyen duang trong nuon la 45.825 km.

Ngay 2 thang 12 tiam 2015 khed deg xay dung. direng sat Trung Quac - Lao tri gia 38,7 tSr than dan te, tire khoang hon 6 USD dai 427 km, tir bit gidd Trung Qui& a Phongsaly (tnrere do du kin Luangnamtha) di Vientiane tad hien gied Lao - Thai Lan, ket noi ved cau &rang sat mod be qua song ,M8 C6ng girra Vientiane va tinh Nongkhai Thai Lan. Duang ray kite) tieu ehuan quele te c6 chieu,rOng 1,43 m. Tuyen duang c6 170 cay cau ved tang chiandai 69 km, va 72 &rang ham vori tOng chieu dai 183 km. Cac chuyen tau cher khach sê citron thiet ke cho the dO 160 km / h, trong Ichi the dO van tai dia hinh bang phang gicra Vangvieng va thU dO Vientiane se la 200 km/h. Trung Qua° se chiu trach thisem 70% dm fang von dau tu, trong khi LAo se chiu phan con 10.

12.Ton Gino

Han het dan chung Lao theo Ph@ gide, Nam Tong. Ngtred Ki to gide! ya Tin Lath chiem Ichoang 2% clan s6. Cac nhom thieu s6 ton giao khde bao gam nhang ngued thue hanh dire tin Bahaii, Hai gido, Phat gido Dai thira, va Nho gido. MOt s6 lucmg rAt nhe nguei dart khong theo ton giao nao.

Mcla tr4n Lao fly clung Deit nut (LFNC) ehiu trach nhiem ve eác van de ton gido trong nu& va tat eã cac tO thirc ton gido er Lao phai dang kSt vOl -Co chire nay.171

Hien pita') Lao quy dinh tkr do ton giao, tuy nhien trong thy° tA chinh pha han che cac quyen nay. MOt s8 quan chat chinh pha bi cao buOc vi pham tu do ton giao cUa ding din.

13.Truyen thong

TAt ca bao chi deu duce phat hanh bed chinh quyen, Ice ca hai ter bao tieng ntrem ngoai là terVientiane Times bang tieng Anh va ter Le Renovateur bang tieng Phap.

Khao San Pathet Lao IA hang thong tan chinh tithe, ph@ hanh cac ban tin \led phien ban tieng Anh va tieng Phap. Lao hien c6 9 that bao, 90 tap chi, 43 tram ph@ thanh va 32 tram truyen hinh hoat dOng ten kick) ca ntron.E51.

, Ngoai ra, Trung QuOc cling mar tram phat thanh FM tai thu d8 Vieng Chan de

ph@ cac chuong trinh caa Dai Phat thanh Quoc tA Trung Quac bang hang Trung, dens Lao va tieng Anh.[6]

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Viec sir dung Internet chi: yau chi thong dung a khu vuc do thi Ion va .dc bit pilot bin trong- giod tr .&

14.Dii kith

1. Tha do Vien Ch5n (Vientiane)

• Thfi do _virang quoc Lao voi nhang di tich lich sfi deo dao c6 sire loi cuon IcSi la yeti du khach thap phtrang. Nu da,dan Vien Chan, ban khong the' be', 16 co hOi duce tham quan nhang dja danh d0c dao 6. day.

• Khili Haan Mon Patuxay

Ni bat tren dai 10 Lane Xang la Khai Hoan Mon Patuxay, trute kia g9i la Anou Savary (dai chin sT vo daub). Khãi Hoan Mon nam gifta bung binh gidri ranh ph& Vientiane va khu we That Luang. Dai Anou Savary duce tao dyng tir 1958, phan duti va ngoai mO ph6ng theo dai Are de Triumphe tai Paris, nhung phan teen va trong gm nhimg net kin true, phit diêu dc thfi Lao. Dimg tr8n tang cao nhat cüa Anou Savary ta c6 tha thay toan dien carih quan Vi8n Chan.

Khai Hain Mon Patuxay nal bat tren dal 10 Lane Xang. nh: en.vietnamitasenmadrid.corn

Pha That Luang

Cu& dutmg Lane Xang la That Luang — di san vAn h6a tha giOl, bik tugng cua quac gia Phat gido tietu thira Lao, dugc in teen tien giay Ira quOc huy cUa COng hea Dan chu Nhan dan Lao. That Lu8ng hay (Pha) That Luang (That LOn trong tieng, Lao) la mOt that (stupa) Phat giao duct xay na'm 1566 ten ph8 tich ngoi den An DO the' l<S, 13, mat ngoai duct dat yang. That Luangchinh la thap xá lj lOn nhat va dep nhat Lao. Hang nam 0 day vao trung tuan thang 11 deu di8n ra lê hOi ion mang tinh chat quick gia 1618 hOi That Luang. Ve vao tham quan: 3.000 Kipinguai.

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Pha That Luang la nidm ty. hao Ion dai vol ngueri dan "dcit way Trieu voi". Ink Roughguides

• Valhi ttrgng PhAt

Buddha Park (Wen tugng PhAt) & Xieng Khuan nam cach Vien Chan 251cm v phia Dieing Nam. Tai day c6 hon 200 bee tugng Phit giao vi gig nhan v@ trong Hindu giaci lim bang be tieing, nOi bAt vesi bug ttrgng P1t khOng lo dang chOng tay dii 40m. Ngoii ra con gig bug tugng mang hinh inh con ngtred, than linh, don Vat vi ác quSi. Ban to the di vao ben trong gong trinh mang hinh ding qui bi ngo kheng 16 thong qua mOt chiec mom quSt cao gAn 3m vi treo du thang len tham quan Ong thug tugng trung cho Dia nue, TrAn gian NIA Thi8n clueing. De den day ban nen di bang tuk tuk neu tong nguei, gii khoing 70.000 Kip hoc bat xe bujlt so 45 es gan chg Talat Sao vei gia 5:000 Kipingueli, 20-40 phitt cO mOt chuyen. Ve tham quan Buddha Park: 5.000 Kip.

Buddha Park (Vuern tuvng Phift) OXieng Khuan nm ccich Vien Chan 251cm vd phia .Dong Nam. Anh: Snipview. corn

• Talat Sao — clip' bud! sting settn

Tga lac tai g6c dueng phia Dong giao gicla clueing Lane Xang vi Khu Vieng, Ichu vuc chinh & thrt do Vien Chan, ngei chg ngiy met dm tit 7h00 sang den 16h00 chi8u. Day là diem thu hat rat 'long du k_hich den tham quan vi .mua sam tai thil do nuot Lio. Trong chg,c6 rat nhieu cira hi8u nh6, nhi hang, cic quay trii cay vi rau, quay trAng sire, hp, do thit gong my ngh'8, dung cy am nhac, do din tCr, do gia dung... Talat Sao

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la noi quy tu hang h6a mang ban& Lao do do ban se' clet clang tim mua &rot val mon do ung Ate do lam qua cho nguti than.

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"net, „

Talat Sao la dirn thu hut rcit Song du khach clan tham quan vet mua sarn tat tin*, de) nwor Lao. Anh: Flickr.com

Chita (Wat) Phra Keo

Vao tham chaa Phra Keo., chang ta nhu lac vao "the giai nghe thuat" beti nhang tac pham dieu kick, cham tro.va hien vat quy him deu dat bang yang, bac, ngac thach lung linh sac mau.,Chaa Phra Keo Ichong chi the( tugng Phat ma day can la niOt bao tang tnrng bay nhieu tac pham nshe thuat dao gido Lao. 0 Vien Chan, Wat Phra Keo la ngoi chna quan tang va nOi tieng chi sau That Luang.

Vao .tham chio !bra Keo, chting ta nhw lac vao "thef githei nghe thuat" beri nhang tow pheim lieu khac, chgm tro va hien v at qui, hiem. Anh: en.vietnarnitasenmadrid.com

o Wat Sisaket

Toa lac ten duang Sethathirath, g&n dal 10 Lane Xang, Wat Sisaket la ngiii chua dugc gift nguyen bin tir khi xay dtmg nam 1818 boi vua Chao Anou theo kien frac Phat gido Xiem. Wat Sisaket gay an tugng bed nhang h‘anh lang vOi the hit tuang dugc trang tri bang han 2000 hinh anh dot Phat bang (tong, g8 guy, Om so., ma yang va bac. TOng so tugng Phat ô chaa len den 6.840 birc lern nho rat quy hiem.

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4 10, 11 i‘

Tdng sd twong Pheit & chisa len din 6.840 biro lorn nho rat qui') Internationaltravellermag.corn

• Wat Ong Ten

Cling. nam tren duang Setthathilath, °him Wat Ong Teu thu hot bai bite Mpg Pht bang clang Ian that Vien Chan. Cai ten Vat Ong Teu c6 nghia la ngoi Chna Tuyng Lan. Trong khuon vien chin c6 truihg Phat gido Sangha nai cac nha six tit khap Lao

thuang xuyen N4' day de hoc .tap v do Phat

Chua Wat Ong Teu thu hut boi billy twong Phat bang d'ong lon nhat Vien Chan. Anh:

Flickr.corn

• Wat Si Muang Wat Si Muang n&'m a gifra duang Setthathilath va Samsenthai, la ngoi chila the hien rO nhat sr ket hop cila dire tin Phat giao va tin nguang nguyen thily Oita Lao. Neu den

Viten Chan ban có the den day de . lam 16 buOc chi c6 tay au may, theo phong toe

truyen thong ciia Lao.

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Du khoch den day c6 the lam le buc chi có tay ca'7,1 may, theo phong 4w truyen thong cild Lao. yinh: triptoes.wordpress.com

2. Xieng Klinang

Xiang Khuang va bi An dm canh dling chum la E do ma du Ichach khAp nai teen tha glad mu6n mOt lan duvc d'6n day a kham pha. Xieng Khuang con hap an khach du ljch bon phuang boi nInTrng canh quang hoang so, thien nhien trong lanh, nguyen

Khóng gian binh yen àXieng Khuang. /ink cosianatour.com

a Crinh tang Chum

Canh d6ng Chum la khu virc van h6a lich sat n6i tieng ma bat kY mQt ai khi dan Lao cling deu man ghe tham. Nam a gan thanh ph6 Kham MuOn, ten cao nguyen Xieng Khuang, noi day c6 hang ngan chum bang dá nam rag rac doc theo cã canh d6ng. Cac nha khao ca tin fang cac.chum nay c6 nien di 1500 den 2000 nam, va xung quanh no khong it nhfing cau chuyen huyan thoai bi an ma dm mQt 1&i gi4i thich,nao lam thoa man nhang ngtrai to me. Mt lY do niUa khien canh dang chum tire( nen noi tiang la noi day tiing la chin twang pkhoc liet nhat tong died kS, chin tranh chong ba nuerc Deng Duorng ma vet tich s6t lai clan bay giar cang .khien killing it nguori nger ngang.

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Canh tong chum a Xieng Khuang cita Lao la mat Ma diem day hi an, rat thu hut khcich du lich cua Lao. Anh: travelsense.asia

• Melling Khihn

La quo huang cüa nguai M6ng, thi xa Muerng Kham yen firth nam tip giáp vai !tin Phu Bia — la dinh nüi cao nhat dm Lao, nai day noi tieng c6 hai suoi nu& khoang nong la B6,NQi (su6i nh6) va B6 Nhay (suei lan) ,nong teri 60 de C. Muerng Kham ding noi tieng la ncri c6 nhi8u hang deng, thai cheing my day chinh la nhang benh vin da chien, lem va dcp nhat la hang &Ong Tham Piev. Nam a kha cao so vol mat nu& hien, khi hOu mat mO quanh nam, cart quan thien nhien tha mOng, Mufang Kham la miat diem den 15/ tuerng hap d'an du khach bOn phuang.

• That Foun

Den Xieng Khuang du khach khong nen b6 1 ca hOi te'n than' thap That Foun. Nam er huyen Muang Khoun, nai c6 phong canh thien nhien tha mOng, hau tinh, That Foun cao 30m va duce xay dung tir nam 1576, Pa nai chen cat hai cot dm cac Dirc Ph@ dugc mang den tir An DQ, Nai day chin dung nhitng huyen thoai ly ki ve Dirc,PhOt, thong truyen c6 met ten cuop tit Trung Quac dal khoet mat cai 18 a than thap de dog Mc tugng Ph@ bang yang ben trong. Vet tich do dã to nen dc trung Hang cüa thap, thu hut nhieu khach va Ph@ tit den tham quan va hanh huang.

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That Foun, Anh: Xiengkhuang.wordpress.com

3. Savanakhet

Duct vi nhtx la Sai Gan dm Viet Nam, vi sky phat trien va tAm anh hueng cua nn kinh ta, Savanakhet cling la mOt diem den du lich hap cian vei nhang dia danh lich nOi tieng ma du khach khong the' b6 qua.

0 That Ing Hang Stupa

NAm each trung tam Savanalchet 151cm theo huang Dong Bac, dugc xem la diem hanh huang thir 2 sau Wat Phu — Champasak tai mien Nam nuec Lao. That Ing Hang duct trüng tu, m& rOng thanh mOt qu'An the be the vao nam 1548, clang thai dim voi That Luang. M& nam deu co mOt let hOi dugc tO chat ram r0 suOt 3 ngay trang tan thang Gi8ng lich Lao. That Ing Hang la mOt thang canh, It* dia diem du lich nai tieng, hang ngay c6 rat nhieu du khach hanh htrang ve day. Tai day du khach c6 the xem xam, dugc nha. su tung kinh va cOt chi cau pink may man, chitc phnc cho hanh trinh caa minh.

That Ing Hang la mOt thong conh rat Si bookingyourtravel.coni

Din Writ Xayaphoum

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O Savanakhet khong c6 nhieu th'ang tich lung danh nhir 6 thii do Vien Chan hay c6 do Luang Prabang nhung Wat Xayaphoum la mOt ngoai l. Ned chüa c6 nguy nga nay nam trong long th8 pith Savanakhet, ven clang song nai tieng Mekong. Ducgc sung to tir nam 1542, voi mOt tang doan.hon 200 vi, Wat Xayaphoum n6i danh khap xir la

truâng Phat hyc Phan ngir" dao to tang si d nhi d.p. Ngay nay nui day tit thanh mOt canh quan du lich n6i tieng ma bAt IcY du Ichach nao khi den Savanakhet cling du

muen ghe tharn.

Ngoi chlia ca nguy nga nay narn trong long thit phñ Savanakhet. Anh: champaholidays. corn

• Nha Heuan Hinh

MOt di tich c6 Vat c6 gia tri va hiem hoi nhat cüa et& nuot Lao, each Savanakhet 651cm xuoi theo huOrng Nam. Heuan Hinh la mOt ng8i nha hoan toan duce dung bang dá nguyen khoi sap chong len nhau chang lchae gi kien true en a mOt nen eftha. Nha da. Heuan Hinh dugc to dung tir !lam 553 tithe cOng nguyen, theo kien true Cham,hay

flan Angkor. We dit nam 6 It* Wing dat xa xoi heo lanh, nhung khong phai vi the ma noi day lchong thu hut du lchach vieng tham. Heuan Hinh hap clan lchach du khach ben phucmg, nhang ngubi thich kham pha, tim hieu thien nhien.

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Nhet &i Heuan Hinh cluvc too clung ter nam 553 truoc co:2g n.guyan, theo kiln trthc Cham hay tie1/2 Angkor. Anh: halfvvaytothestars.wordpress.corn

Boo tang Dinosaur

Von là ngoi biet thy. thin Phap thuec; bao tang Dinosaur la nai trung bay vu ichI ya nhang hinh anh yang bong mOt theri oanh 1it cheng MS", dm nuot cüa Pathet Lao. Vao nam 1936,.nha. dia du hoc nguesi Thep, louse Heilman Hoffet d phat hien ra be xuang cUa met giong khUng long (Dinosaur), dai 15 thutc \fa co tai 90 trieu nam tuen trong dia phan ban Tang Vay, muting PhaLan thuec Sayanalthet. La nai can luu giü ton be xuang ld-ulng long nay, bad tang Dinosaur nei tieng thu hut nhieu du khach khap nai ten the giori viang tharn.

Bcio tang Dinosaur nhin tfr ben ngoai. travelblog.org

4. Luang Prabang

Duqc UNESCO c8ng nhan la di san van h6a th6giâi, cO do Luang Prabang thanh binh, gan gill va than thin ma di voi m8i ngued dan Lao.

Thanh pha Luang Prabang yen binh nhin tic tren coo. Anh: trover.com

Den Wat Xieng Thong 'ft?,

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Toa lac nil nga ba song Mekong va dong Nam Khan, Wat Xieng Thong la ng8i chin dçp nhat, c nhat va quan tong nhAt trong slo 65 ngoi chaa lan ô Luang Prabang. Lai

kien trite dc tha Lao vori mai cong vat keo del xuang gall mat dat, n8i that la nhang pha dieu, dieu Ichae tinh xao dua theo Ph@ tich. Noi day co fat nhieu bac trong Ph@ Ian, IA noi hanh 1 caa hoang gia va cac chirc sac Ph@ gido. Trua nang yen binh, gio tit song Mekong thoi ye mat mai tang can. Tit ten chaa, du Ichach tha ha ph6ng tam mat bao quat ca co do tha meing, chim trong mau xanh cüa cay la.

Haing hen buong xuang tat chita Xieng Thong. inh: Jonas Ginter/flickr.corn

• That Kuang Si

Kuang Si la mOt quAri the g6m ba iliac, trong do thee chinh cao chimg 60m Wei clang nuerc d xtrong tir tren cao lam nai b9t trang xoa, tung bui nuOt mit mu to nen mOt khung canh thAt An Wong. La mOt trong nhang dia diem du lich hAp dan du khach that cüa dAt ntrot Trieu Voi, do vay tori day du Ichach thong chi &roc than' thu rthi rang, ma con dove tit& sire leo treo va tam thac, tarn ha. Gift khong Ichi trong lanh cüa Kuang Si, du Ichach cOn nghe duct ti'eng chim hot hoa ding tieng tilde do hoa quyen vao nhau, nhu mOt ban Ma Ahanh tuyet dieu lam cho tinh than ding them phan phan

chAn.

Vé cl?p kj> c2o cña Dyck: Kuang Si. Anil: Escapology.eu

2.8

o Pao tang Royal Palace

Vin bao tang quoc gia Cang boa dan chfi nhan dan Lao, van chinh IA Hoang cung Vuang quo° Lao thu& xa xua. Mang dau, dukien troc Phap hien dui va tinh te, bao tang Royal Palace la ncri luu girr Vic tucmg Phat Prabang, dugc coi nhtr ban vat tran quac. Canh quan tuai dçp vâi hai hang cay that not cao vat tuyet dan loi vao, lchu vuern Thugng uyen xinh xan vei nhang cay 14, boa qu/, Ito nuot long lanh, chim lugn yang, Man dap dom.. Phia ben phai la tugng vua Sisavang Vong bang Tong uy nghi tram mac, ben trai la mai chita long ay, them lot dá cam thach trang, mat lath giira nang trua.

Vin Imio tang quac gia Cang hda dein cha nhan dein Lao, *in chinh là Hoang cung fleeing quoc Lao Muer xa xtra. Anh: en.wikipedia.org

0 Erdn Wat Wisunarat

MCA trong nhang ngoi chüa c8 nhat O Luang Prabang, nam trong danh sach di san van h6a tti‘ gi6i. Wat Wisunarat duqc xay dung vao nam 1513, duct trang tu va xay dung lai vao khoang nhang nam 1896 — 1898. Nam tren con dutng mang ten chinh nen chila trong trung tam thanh pho, Wat Wisunarat co mOt khuon vien rOng 16.n, xanh co, hai mat giap ph6 chinh. Truot chilia la nfOt m6 thap uy nghi cao tad 34,5m, Tha Pathum duct xay Ong tit 1503. Chita c6 kin toe don gian, khong qua cau ky ngoai trill. mai ton c6 nhieu chi •tiet trang tri tao cho Wat Wisunarat mOt ye dcp gian di va binh than.

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Wat Wisunarat la mOt trong nhiing ngdi chüa có nhat 6. Luang Prabang, mirn trong danh sach di san van hoa the glue. Anh: asianwaytravel.com

• Ntii Phou Si

LA diem cao nh&t a Luang,Prabang, nüi Phou Si la nui lY titan de du khach,phOng tam mat ngam toan canh co do yen binh dm' mOng ben dong song Mekong. De chinh phuc duge dinh Phou Si, du khaeh phai vugt qua 329 bac thang xay bang gach do. M6i bac thang c6 dØ Ong va thap vim phai, giita doan direst-1g len nUi 1a cO 016 climg chan nghi ngai, the nen du khach co the di den non nUi ma lchong gap qua nhieu Icho khan.

Dwong len nal Phou Si. inh: Madeleine Holland

5. Champasak • ,

Nam a vi tri chien luge kinh te, có m6t lich six himg manh, Champasak khOng có li do gi de kh6ng tit thanh mOt dia chi du lich hap elan. VA dux tle la & day vira c6 nhang quan duqc tao nen tir lich sir, viva co nhang danh lam thang canh duce tao Ma ban tang.

• 0 Pakse

La ce do eüa Vucmg quac Champasak, thi xa Pakse ngay nay la thn phü cua tinh Champasak deng then la t.rung tam kinh te, throng mai, van Ma dm ea 4 tinh Nam Lao. Vol .vi tri tl-man Pakse la dau moi glao thong tit Thai Lan, Campuchia, tü Trung Lao xuang va di sang phia [Yong. Den Pakse, du khach co the bach b0 doc the

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con dueng trong thanh pho dA kham pha nhieu thu. Cac ngoi chna c6 kin trOc mai

uOn lugn, meti mau thep yang rue rä duoi anh ning. M.& bu6i sang, cac tang si xep

hang dai di khat dye d9c cac con duerng chinh.

Duthig pha 6 Palcse. fink en.vietnarnitasenmadrid.com

.0 Wat Phu

Cong trinh van boa tieu bieu nhat càa Champasak la ngoi den. thieng kSi vi Wat Phu — Di san van hoa the gi6i. Cach Pakse khoang 40Icm ye phia Nam, dc theo be( song Mekong, Wat Phu IA mOt quan the' dai bang dá va la mOt kSr-cong kin true, dugc xay dung qua nhieu the IcSr va tir the 1c5f 9 den the kSr 13 day dugc xem la met trong nhang den thieng that coa cac vuong trieu xua ten yang dat nay. Wat Phu mang phong each kien true Hindu giao, they than Shiva va 161 kin true nay duct xem IA gan gin veri Di san van h6a the gi6i Angkor Wat cüa nuese lang gieng Campuchia.

. r• •ifl z:. rakryfin*.a•tgartS4-41,-*PC47 :CtrIg ,,,

,

'fat Phu la *it pot, thd clai bang (id via la meit 19) cong kiEn trac, away xciy thing qua nhldu thi visit-mekong.com

0 Tilde Khone Phapheng

Duct menh dart là Niagara cna chaU A-1;11k Khone Phapheng ion nhat yang Dang Nam A, c6 chieu dai 121cm va Wen luOn c6 met lugng mite lchong 16 chira day phii sak

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es•-• 40 •

°hay qua tren m6t be mat Ong Ion nhieu mom dá lom charm khi chay xu6ng. Khone Phapheng con thu hitt du khach Ix% day la nth duy nhat a Deng Nam ,A ma nguei ta co

the chiem ngueng nhfing con cá heo, m6. Dan day, du khach co the ngoi nhin nguei clan dia phucmg bat ca, hoc thufre xuong di danh cá heo ntrac ng9t gran song hay tha minh tu do tren nlang phian da yen be rang nghe tieng tilde d6 ram ram yang ngan.

Thew Khone Phapheng cluvc menh danh la Niagara cud chou A. Anh: laostravelpackage.blogspot.corn

Ill. Tinh hinh Lao trong thoi gian gan day

Chinh tri nei b6 Lao luon duy tri dugc sv en dinh; an ninh-quoc phong duce gill vilng. Lao dang tich cvc trien khai Nghi guy& Dai hi Dang l'An di* IX, tap trung xay dvng ca set chinh tri, tang mew, sr lanh dao,tha dang 1)0 cac cap, thy math trien khai

et " Nghl quy3 xay" va "4 det pha" . chuan bi cho Dai hi toan quoc Bang Nhan clan Cach mang Lao lan till" X vao dau ram 2016, Lao da bat dau t6 chirc Dai hei Bang be 6 met se tinh va BO nganh Trung uang .

Toe di) tang tnrong ldnh t Oa nam 2014 tree dat 7,5%; GDP binh quan dau nguari dat 1.692 USD; lam phat a mire 5,35%. Lao dat chi tieu nam tai kb& 2014-2015, GDP tang 7,5%.

Ve quan h del ngoai, Lao dat thanh tvu trong trien khai &Arc hien &rang lei dei ngoai h6a binh, deo lap, tau nghl va hap tac, chinh sach del ngoai da clang Ma, da phumg h6a, ket hap gitra d8i ngoai Chinh phü voi,cac hoat deng Dang va t6 Mac quan chung. Lao tang cueing hei nhap khu vvc, quo° te, tang cuemg quan he vei cac nu& di& tac chien lucre, cac nuot lang gieng, ASEAN, Mc nuec c6 quan he truyen thong nham bao dam mm trueng hoa binh,.phve vv mvc tieu phat trien dat nuac.

Quan h0 him nghi Vi§1 Nam- Lao

.. 1. Lich sir

/ .01 Quan he Viet nam — Lao trong then lc Phong kiln:

Dc diam nOi bat ve quan he Viet Nam — Lao va m6i bang giao gitta cac trieu dai la than thien, hau hao. Giita hai dan tee khong co sr ap Vic va no 'dich nhau,

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khong có him Ichich va thii,han than. Nhan dan hai nuere ca truyen thang gi8p dä,

Wang trg Ian nhau, la lang gien.g chi cot.

1.2. Quan hce' Vrnt nam —Lao trong thol 15i thyr clan:

Cuoi the 1<5/ XIX, thuc dan Phap tin hanh xam lugc Nth fiat ach do hi) Viet Nam (1883), CamptiChia (1863) va Lao (1893). Tit& ba mite ca ding met Ice thil va chung m'Qt canh ngObi kam lugc va áp bac. Phat huy truyen theng.doen ket hfru nghl sari 0, nhan dan ba mite Via Nam, Lao, Campuchia d clang dong earn, lien ket tu nhien voi than. Tv nguyen phoi hap vial than trong mOt van menh chung Mu tranh thong thrc dan Phap xam luge, gianh dOc lap, ti do.

Nhirng nam 20 the kj/ XX, din ra nhieu cuOc lath nghia va cac hoat Ong dau trait cUa nhan dan Via Nam. Dien hinh nhu phong trào Can Vuang clued ng9n Ca you nuorc cM Vua Ham Nghi va Ton That Thuyet (nam 1.885). Nhi'eu phong frac CIA nhan dugc sr üng h giip dä cM than dan Lao tit Ha Lao, Trung Lao len Thugmg Lao.

Dac biet, trong nhang nam Mu the icSi XX, nhiau cuQc khoi nghia eM than dan Lao da gay cho quan Phap nhieu thiet hai. Vi du cuQc Idled nghia Ha Lao do Ong Kco Va ong Corn-ma-dam lanh dao (1901- 1937) ding nghia qu'an dan toe Xa-dang a Tay Nguyen (Via Nam). Phong trao chOng Phap eM ngtresi M8ng el Tay Bac Via Nam do Chau Pha-pat-chay lanh dao (1918 — 1922) lan rOng ten dia ban hai nuesc thu'Qc Thugng Lao va Tay Be Via Nam.

1.3. Lang Cang san Viet Nam:

Chn tich118 Chi Minh chi dao chin dich

Cuai nhireng nam 20 the IcS, XX, qua trinh truyen ba ch8 ilea Mac — Lenin, tu tuang giai phang dan tQc dia (long chi Nguyen Ai Quoc,lan Ong. Phong trio ding nhan va phong trao yeti 'mac pith trio'n manh. Nhang diet) kin Ichach quan va chU

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, • quart cho viec thanh lap Bang cUa giai cap cong nhan a DOng throng, tru6c ha la

Viet Nam, dã chin muOi.

Ngay 03/2/1930, Bang COng sari Viet Nam duce thanhiap. Con, clueing giai phang va phat trien caa dan toc Viet Nam Theo tu Mang Nguyen Ai . Quoc dugc HOi nghi thanh lap Bang COng san Viet Nam thong qua cling la con duang pha hop, chira dvng nhang giai phap giai ph6ng dan tOc Lao khoi ach no le, dim dat nu& Lao den thinh vuang. Viet Nam va Lao c6 ding hoan canh lich sa• bi dive clan Phap thOng tri, c6 ding mvc tieu va khat vong dc lap, ti do.

Sv ra dôi caa Bang COng san Viet Nam danh &au mOt bu6c ngoat lich sir tong cham dot tiled kY khang hoang ye 1 luan, throng lti,va lc luang la'nh do phong

trao dau tranh vi dOc lap, tv do caa dan tOc Viet,Nam. Deng then, thac day phong trio dau tranh yeu nu& caa nhan dan Lao chuyen bien theo xu huang each mang vo san.

1.4. Dc'mg COng sari Deng Dtrcmg:

Quan h'e Viet nam — Lao trong Bang .COng san Bong Throng

Thang 10 nam 1930, HOi nghl Ban Chap hanh -Trung uang Bang COng san Viet Nam quyet nghi MIL ten Bang COng,san Viet Nam thanh Bang COng san DOng throng. HOi nghi da xac lap cac nguyen the, phuang huong, throng loi chinh -tri va nhang nhiem vv co ban cho phong trao each mang caa ba dan t'Oc es Bong Duong..

HOi nghi dä dat phong trao each mang Viet Nam va phong trào each mang Lao dual sir lanh do dm Bang COng san Wing Duang. Bong thesi xac dinh cv the, toan din hon ye mat lY luan cho mai quan he gifra phong trao each mang Viet Nam va phong trao each mang Lao.

Dual sv lanh dao dm Bang COng san Bong Ducrng, cac cuOc dAu trait dm nhan dan Viet Nam va Lao c6 mOi quan h mat thiet, h6 trig lan nhau. Cang gap phan thac day sv phat trien phong trao each mang moi nu6c. Sv doan ket dau tranh trong tiled gian nay la co sOr de nhan dan Viet Nam — Lao tiep tic phoi hop dau tranh tion tai khoi righia gianh chinh quyen a moi nutc,

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1.5. Quan h Viet WM J -La.9 trong khang chien chang thur dan Phcip:

Giai doan 1930-1945:-Day là theyi nhan dan Viet Nam va Lao, duti sv lanh- dao cüa Dang Gen); san Dong Duang, da ding dau tranh vi Tee lap, tv do. Hai dan t8c cling dau tranh chong thvc dan Phap va phat xit Nhat, gianh dc lap, tv,do. Sc nghiep ding dau tranh chong Ice thu chung do xuat phat tir nhfing diêu lcien ye dia 1Y, chinh tri, kinh tie, van hoa. Dc biet tir you cau khach quan cüa cong cucic dau tranh giai phOng dan tOc, mang ban chat vac th v8 san, mang lai hieu qua it ret.

Trong tin trinh itch sir dO, Ix) phan than si, tri tithe tienb8 \fa cac tang lop nhan dan Lao c6 vai to guy& dinh qua trinh phat trion cüa phong tan each mang Lao. Cling nhu trong viec duy tri va phat trie'n moi quan he Viet Nam — Lao. Ngued Viet ey Lao la met,lvc, luong tich cvc trong phong tract each mang Lao va là nhan t6 quan tong xay dap moi quan he de biet gilta hai dan tee.

Nam 1945:

Quan h Viet nam — Lao trong khcing chien

Dual sr Faith dao ding dan, kip thai, sang tao,cila Dang COng san Dong Ducmg, nhan dan hai nuoac Viet Nam — Lao dal doen kat, phoi hgp chat che trong khong chien; Cimg flan hanh cac cuQc khai nghia dau tranh quyet liet chong cac the lire thuc dan de quOc va tay sai. Din Cach mang hai nuac tang buck tad thAng lgi cuoi cüng. Cimg voi thang lgi cüa cuoc each mang thang 8/1945 a Viet Nam, thang lgi eüa cuoc kheti nghla gianh chinh quyen nam 1945 ta Lao da mat ra m0t lc5r nguyen mai cho than clan Lao (tang len lam chil van menh cita minh sau han 100 nam sOng dueri ach no le.

Ngay 02/9/1945 Chinh pha nuot Viet Nam Dan chit COng hoa thanh,lap. Ngay 12/10/1945 Chinh phil Lao Itxala cling ra dal. Hai ben cimg xay dung mai quan he Viet nam —,Lao hoan hao va yang chai han trutc. Day là mQt trong nhang cu sat din tinh doan Let, 04 do nhau len tam lien minh chien dan.

1.6. Quan he Viet nam — Lao trong Lien minh chiin clau chang Phap:

Giai doan 1945-1954: Lien minh chien dau Viet-Lao chOng thuc dan phop xam luge. Chinh phU hai nu& d514 Hiep trot tuang trg Viet Nam — Lao va Hip dinh ve t8 chirc Lien quan Viet,— Lao. Day IA ca sat phap 132 dau tien cho su hgp tac giap der va lien minh chien dau chong ke thit chung càa hai .dan tQc.

Ngay 23/9/1945, thuc dan Phap nO sung danh chiem sal Gan, rai nth Ong chin tranh ra toan ced Bong Duong. Truck tinh hinh do, Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang

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COng san Dong Duong ra_ Chi thi Ithang chin kin quoc a chi dao sr nghiep giai phong dan tee cüa ba nuem Bong Duang. Chi thi chit truong: "Thong nhat mat tran

Viet-- Mien — Lao chang Phap xam

Trong nhung nam 1945-1948, lien minh chin dan Viet Nam — Lao timg buem duga hinh thanh. G6p phan thim dAy quan h doan kat chin dau Viet Nam — Lao gan b6 mat thiat han.

• 'Chang chi& chang Phap 1945 — 1954:

Quan h Viet nam — Lao cang dugc ding ca vao cfau nam 1951 khi M.t tran nhan dan ba nu6c Lao, Kho Me, Viet thanh lap. "Mit,tran Lien minh doan kat Lao-Mien-Viet" da gap phan dim six nghiep khang chiL chong tlnyc dan Phap eüa ba nu& dan th&ng lgi. Din tui k/ ket Hip dinh Gicmeva, lap lai hoa binh ô Deng ducmg nam 1954.

SAm Nua 1953

Vai sr doan kat va phi hgp chit elle pita Viet Nam, et* khang chin eüa nhan

dan Lao dä gianh dugc ket..qua qtian tong. Bao gam tat ca cac linh vcrc chinh tri, quan sty, van hoa xä hal, ngog giao. Thang 4/1953, Chinh phü }Chang chian Lao va Chinh pito Viet Nam Dan chit COng hàa quyat dinh ma chin dich Thugng Lao, giai ph6ng toan be tinh Sam Nua.

Thang 12/1953, met be phan quan chit lye Viet Nam ph6i hop voi be dei Lao Itxala mer chin dich Trung, Ha Lao. Chin thing cila Lien quan Viet — Lao g6p phan lam phi sin ke hoach tap trung quan cna Nava. Buec dich phal phan tan hip lugng doi ph6 tren nhieu chin truerng. Tao dieu kin cling ca, pith trian tha phai hcyp chin lugc gitra hai nu& Lao va Viet Nam. •

• Dien Bien Phil 1954

Ngay 13/3/1954, quan va dan Viet Nam met Mu cuec flan cong tap doan dr diem Din Bien Phil. aing \Ted Viet Nam, quan .va dan Lao lien tuc day manh cac hog clang

quan su. hr Bac xtiong Nam Lao. Ate dich de kiem ch'a lug lugng dich, clang thed ung he Mit tan Dien Bien _Phil.

Trai qua 55 ngay dem chian tau gian Icha, quyat liet va anh dUng, ngay 07/5/1954 tap doan dr diem Dien Bien Phu bi tieu diet hoan toan. Do la thang lgi to lem cuanhân clan Viet Nam. Cing la thang lgi cua Ichei doan kat, lien minh chian dau gift quan dei va than dan ba nuot trong sly nghiep khang chi8n chang kê thit chung.

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a . Hip dinh 0½-ne-va 1954:

hip clinh Gia tie va 1954

Tir day, cue din chin tranh Dong Duang chuyen sang the' có lgi cho cuec tranh cña nhan dan Lao, Campuchia, Viet Nam tai HQi nghi Gianeva.

Ngay 08/5/1954, nghi quiec ta ve chain dirt chien tranh Dong Duang khai mac tai Gianeva. Ngay 21/7/1954, cac ben dam phan kY tuyen be chung va cac hip dinh ve cham dirt chit tranh & Bong throng., Nuac ,Phap va cac mese tham gia hi nghi cam k& ton tong dOc lap, chili quyen, thong nhat va toan yen lanh th6 dm Lao, Campuchia, Viet Nam.

DO là ca sO phap lY quake tie rat quan tr9ng de nhan .dan ba nuoc Deng throng tian len gianh dee l3p, hoan thanh thieng nhat dat nuatc 0 m8i nut.

1.7. Quan h0Viat nam Lao giai clogn 1954-1975:.

a• Sif can thiap càa my va cac the' hec thit clich:

nat. trien lien minh chian du Viet Nam-Lao chong de quac My' xam lugc dm den thang lgi hoan toan theng nhats0 m8i nuoc. Val viec kY kat Hip dinh Gicmevcc 1954, Viet Nam, Lao buck vao tiled kSr mei. DO la tholi ky tap trung xay dung lvd lugng. eüa quan h Viet Nam Lao. DEng thoi day manh Mu tranh dE gia vang ham binh va gianh dee lap, theng nhat & m8i nuot.

Song, da quoc My van nu5i tham \long xam huge, ra sire can thiep vao mien Nam Viet Nam va Lao. Am nthu bian nai day thanh thu'ec dia kiL mei va can ca quan sr. V6i. 'nue dich lam ban dap tin ding cac nut rd Hoi

Truck chuyen bien Dai hei thanh lap Dang Nhan clan Lao dirge tian hanh ta ngay 22/3-6/4/1955 tai Sem Nua. Dang Nhan dan Lao ra deri dal tao ca s& vftng chac de tang, cuOng six lanh dao cna Bang del voi each mang Lao. Deng thad la than t6 tr9ng yeu, ca y nghtia quyat dinh thac day quan hç doan kat, giup der lan nhau ghla Lao — Viet Nam.

Phan ling va chien hew cita cach mc.mg Vret Nam Lao:

Thin- kY nay, sr doan kat va h9p tac Viet — Lao có butc phat trien vugt bac. DO la sr doan ket h6 try IL nhau cüa hai nuac trail mat tran quan skr, ngoai giao. Sy h try

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da lam that bai am muu pha hoai each mang Lao dm chinh quyen phai him Lao. Gop phan vao viec danh bai cuec chin trait ac bit ctia my a Via Nam va Lao.

DO la thang lgi ma &rang Ho Chi Minh chay d9c Truemg San. Khong chi có ngliia la duemg giao th8ng huyet mach chi vin cho min Nam Via Nam Day ma con

. la can cir dia each Mang eüa ca ba nuoc. Con duang the hien tinh doan ket chin dau Viet-Lao ten tinh than dui nghia. quick te vo san trong sang.

Sg ph& hop nhip nhang ve ngoai giao gilla Via Nam va the ltre ltrong yen nuOt Lao tai HOi nghl Gioneva (Geneve) 1962 ve Lao dã dim den thanh lap Chinh phti Lien hip Ian tit* hai a Lao. Do la thang lgi cfia sus doan ket chat chE ve chinh tri, ngoai

giao. HOi nghj. cAp cao ba mac Bong Throng thang 4/1970, khang dinh quyet tam doan ket, phei hop chin dau. Cling chang lai viec chinh quyen my mei rOng chin trait ra toan Bong Throng.. .

•- COngli6a &in chit nhan dan Lao:

DO la sg phei hop chat che' elm quan dan hat nuon ten hai chin twang. Dinh bar cuese chien trait bang khong quan elm my a mien Bac Viet Nam va a Lao. Din den vice k9 Hip dinh Pan i ve Viet nam va Wei) dinh Vieng Chan ve Lao dau nam 1973. Ngay 5/4/1974, Chinh phü lien hip ran tit* ba ô Lao dtrge thanh

Viec nu& CHDC Nhan dan Lao ra dal ngay 2/12/1975 la thing lgi to lem, triet de cUa nhan dan cac be tee Lao. Deng tiled cling la thang lgi quan trgng elm mei quan dc biet, thily chung, son sat giera hai dan tee Lao — Via Nam.

1.8. Giai dogn 1975-1985: Hop Mc toan din Vi:Ot Nam-Lao

Sau nam 1975, quan he -Viet Lao buck sang met trang hoan toan môt Tir lien mirth chien dau sang hop tic toan din glita hai quoc gia co dc lap cM quyen.,Tuy nhien,

sau thang lgi khang chin ch8ng My, Via Nam va Lao deu phai ra sue khac plum hau qua Ong ne cita chien trait keo dai 30 nam.

• Thcich thew:

Dac biet la hau qua thong tri elm cha nglila thge dan mai. Nen kinh t6 cüa Vi.4't Nam va Lao ve ca ban con het sire lac hau va phu thuee nang ne vao nuac ngoai. Diem xuat phat eua hai nuem deu tir nen kith t6 nong nghiep co trinh de cart tac, Wang suat va san lugng rat thap. Ttr dtiy lath dao kinh te con mang nang tinh tap trung bao

cap tir thin chien

Trong khi do, cac the hie thit dich trong nuac va ben ngoai cau kat, tim each chia re gay kho khan, tro• ngai thong nh6 cho mei quan h gift hai nuac.

Thuein

Day la tiled k9 ma Bang Nhan dan each mang Lao va Bang Ceng san- Via Nam dã tit thanh Bang- cam quyen & m& nuac. Do vay, ca hai nute cang có dieu kin phat huy truyen thong tot dcp dã tirng gan bo keo son trong cuOc dau trait chong ke thit

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xam lucre. Xa.y di:mg va tang cuang quan lien minh, lien kat va h9p tac toan dien va chinh tri, qua() pheng an ninh, kinh te, van hod, gido

Day chinh là dad diem quan trong nhat, dan tai sr thay dei va chat trong nOi dung, phuang thirc va cdc nguyen tac quan he Via Lao. Nang quan h hau nghi dc biet, hgp tac toan dien gitta hai nudfc len tam cao

Nam 1976, Viet Nam va Lao cid dat ciugc thoa thuan quan tr9ng trong yang hai thang rut toan b9 quan dOi va chuyen gia Via Nam \fa mot. Bat dau )(lac tien viec hoach dinh bien giói qui& gia gitta hai ntroc.

Ngay 30/4/1976, BO Chinh tri Trung u•ang Bang Lao dOng Viet Nam ra Nghi guy& va tang cueing gill') do va hgp tac veil Lao trong giai doan mói. Nghi quyat xac dinh: viec tang cueing doan kat, giup dO, hgp tac doi \red Lao la ma trong nhang nhiem vu quac ta hang Mu cüa Dang va nhan dan Viet Nam. Cling la vi lgi ich thiet than dila each mang Via Natn.

0 Ngocti giao Vie:t -- Lao:

Tix ngay 15-18/7/1977, Doan dai biau cao cap Dang va Chinh pha Viet Nam do Tang BI thu Le Duan va Thu Meng Pham Van Dang dk dan sang tham hUu nghi• chinh tit Lao. Hai b8n dä trao dai,9 Man va cac van da quoc quan tong ma hai ben ding quan tam. Ciing nhu cac van da nham phat trien rn6i quan he hat nghi, hap tac,giila Bang, Chinh pha nhan dan hai nuetc. Tren cct s& dap img nguyen vong thia tha va lgi ich s'Ong con cña hai dan t9c trong sr nghiep bao ye dOc lap dan tOc va xay dung CNXH.

Hai nu& dã chinh thuck9 kat nhiau Hiep trot. Tuyen be; chung Via Nam —Lao k9 ngay 11-2-1976. Hiep uoc hUt nghi va hap tac giaa CHDCND Lao va CHXHCN Viet Nam k9 ngay 18/7/1977. Hiep utc hoach dinh bien giai quale gia gbh CHDCND Lao va CHXHCN Viet Nam k9 ding ngay 18/7/1977. Tuylen 1)6 chung tang cuang sr tin cay va hap tac lau clai gitra hai nuec.

Viec k9 kat ngay 18/7/1977 Hiep ix& Hai nghi va H9p tac vã Hiep dinh hoach dinh bion gieti queic gia c6 9 nghia quan tr9ng. Hiep u6c lam ca set phap 19 yang chac cho viec tang cuerng va ma rOng mai quan he dac Met Via Nam — Lao trong thai Icy mei. Tao ca ser de Ic9 hang bat cac thoa thuan h9p tac sau nay gicra hai nut. •

e Hogt cl'Ong hap Mc:

Thanh qua mu&i,nam hap tad toan dien quan he Viet Lao, Lao — Via Nam (1976.- 1985) c6 nghia het sire quan tr9ng. Quan he Viet Lao valgp tac kinh fa, van h6a, Ichoa h9c k9 thuat gift hai nut dan thay doi. Tit vien trg khong hohn lai va cho vay la chit yeu sang giam Mn vien trg va cho vay. But Mu day manh hap tac san xuat kinh doanh birth dang ding c6 lgi:

Thiyi gian nay, Lao dE ra c8ng thirc hcrp tac: Tai nguyen Lao, lao dOng 1<9 thulat Viet Nam, von hap tac hoc vay eta nu& this ba. Trong hap tac da chuyen clan tir hap

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tdc timg \Tv via theo yeti eau cna Dang va Nha nuorc Lao sang hgp tee theo chuang trinh, k hoach dugcloi kat giaa hai Chin_h phn.

• Kit qua quan h Vio Lao giai dogn 1975 — 1985:

Er 1976 — 1981, trao d& hang hod chinh ngach dugc bat du theo phucmg that bao _cap Wang ngan sach nha nuac m6i. ben. Hip dinh thucmg mai Viet Nam — Lao 5 nam (1981 — 1985) doge 14 kat, kern theo nghi -dinh thu thuang mai hang nam, da. tao hanh lang phap15, cho via trao detpi buon ban gifiu hai nuac...

bien gi6i, sau 8 nam tin hanh, dan ngay 24/1/1986, viec phan vach va cam mac tren dux dia toan tuyan bien gieri Viet — Lao .dai han 2000 km da hoan thanh.

nhung thanh Wu to lorn dat dugc sau chang duang 10 nam (1976 -1985) tha va lye cüa COng He Dan chil Nhan clan Lao ngay cang dugc clang e6 vting chac. Day cihig chinh la ca ser viIng chac d& quan h hcru nghi, doan ket dc biet Via Nam — Lao khang ngUng duce ding ca va tang cuang trong giai doan dai mai tip theo.- - •

1.9. Quan 170 vier Lao giai clogn 1986 — 2012:

• Giai dogn cang co va tang cr.:672g quan 110 cloan kit °lac bift va hop tac toan din:

Tir lchi hai nuot tin hanh d6i mai nam 1986, quan h him nghi doan ket (lac biet va h9p tic toan dien Via Nam — Lao dap tvc dugc cung ca, tang cuang va dat dugc nhiau thanh tvu td lern tren moi linh vtx.

Thang 7/1989, Tang BI thu Nguyan Van Linh clan Au Doan dai biau Dang COng san Via Nam sang . tham him .nghi chinh thüc CHDCND Lao. Danh du but phat trian mei trong quan he hop tdc toan dien Viet Lao. Thang 10/1991, dang chi Kay-son Phom-vi-han, Tang BI thu Dang Nhan dan each mang Lao va Doan dai biau cap cao Dang Nhan dan each mang Lao tham chinh thue Via Nam.

Hai ben Ichang dinh•quyat tam truck sau thu mOt tang cuang, clang ea va nang cao quan h doan kat dc biet Lao — Viet Nam. DAy manh hop tdc kinh M, dinh trao dM cap Thu twang Ngoai giao giera,hai nutc. Ph& hop chat che cac hoat Ong ngoai giao tren cac dian dan qua° tá.

• • Hogt ctOng dai ngogi chInh tri:

Hai ben thuang xuyen trao d6i doan cap cao, dc biet sau 'chi ca hai nuac vixa hanh xong Dai hOi Dang va bau cir Quac hOi coa mi nuac. Trong nam 2011, Doan Lao sang tham Via Nam c6 Tang BI thu, Chn tich nuarc Churn-ma-ly Xay-nha-x6n (8/2011), Thu tuang Lao Thoong-xinh Tham-ma-vong (3/2011), Chit tich Quiic hOi Pa-ny Ya-tho-tu (8/2011), U9 viên BCT, Pho Thri Wong Xam-xa-vat Lanh-xa-vat tham khao sat dm khau qua° ta Lang San (10/2011).

Doan Viet Nam than' Lao c6 Tang BI thu Nguyan Phü Tryng (6/2011); Thn tutng Chinh phU Nguyen Tan DOng (9/2011); Ph6 Thu Wang Nguyan Xuan Phile (11/2011).

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Du nam 2017, thuc hien thea thuan caa Lanh do cap cao hai nu& ve Nam Doan ket hftu nghi Viet Nam — Lao 2012, viec trao di doan gitta hai ben dirge day manh ve s'a luong, da clang ve hinh thirc tham, Ice ca cap cao va cac cap, 1)0, nganh, dia phuong

hai mac.

0 Tham viing cap cao:

Ni bat, doan Lao tham Viet Nam cal: Tha tuong Thoong-xinh tham va lam viec tai 3 tinh Kon Turn, Gia Lai, Binh Dinh (02/2012). PM Thn ttrOng kiem BO twang Ngoai giao Lao Thoong-lun Xi-xu-lit dv Giao luu hai BO Ngoai giao Viet Nam. — Lao lan thu

6 tai Ha Tinh (3/2012). Chia tich Quac hOi Pa-ny Ya-tho-tu tharn Viet Nam va du Hi nghi Hop tac hai Quac hOi Viet Nam — Lao (4/2012).

Ph6 Thu ttrong rom-xa-vat Lenh-xa-vat tharn lam viec tai mot so tinh mien Nam va mien Trung Viet Nam (4/2012), tham dir HOi nghi dart gia tinh hinh hop the dau tu gifra hai nu& (7/2012). Throng true Ban BI thu, Ph6 Chit tich rarec Bun-nhang Vo- 1a-chit tham chinh thirc va chr a Mit-tinh kY niem,35 nam ngay Hip tresc nghi va Hop Mc Via Nam — Lao va 50 nam ngay thia lp quan h ngoai giao gitra hai niretc (7/2012).

- Doan Viet Nam than' Lao co: Tong BI thu Nguyen Pha Trong va doan cap cao chr HOi darn Hai BO Chinh tri (1/2012); ChU tich nu6c Tnrong Tan Sang (2/2012); Chu tich Quac hOi Nguy'en Sinh Hung (7/2012); Ph6 ThU Mang Nguyen Xuan Philo 01(57 • hop I:Jy ban Lien Chinh phU lan thir 34 (01/2012); Ph6 Chit tich nuot Nguyen Thi Doan (6/2012). Thuimg tive Ban BI thu Le Hang Anh tham hitu ngh1 chinh thirc va dkr Le Mit-tinh kS7 niem 35 nam ngay k Hip uâe Him ngh1 va Hop tac Viet Nam — Lao va 50 nam ngay thiet lap quan h ngoai giao gitra hai nuac (7/2012).

Cac hogt clang dai ngogi Giao hru — Van boa:

Nam Doan kat him ngh1 Viet Nam — Lao 2012 da. trian lchai cdc hot dOng k5/ niem vial nOi dung phong pith va thiet thvc. Hai ben trao dai doan the cap; mit tinh tai thU

hai mite, tai TP. HO Chi Minh va TP. Da Nang. T6 ehüe Lien hoan hau ngh1 nhan dan Viet Nam — Lao lan thir 3 tai Viet Nam thang 7/2012. T6 chive Giao luu gap gä gbh ode BO, nganh, dia phuang hai mac. T6 chive cac hOi ngh1 h9p tac, trao dai kinh nghiem tren nhieu linh vvc hop to.c. T6 chive thanh ding HOi nghi Hap tic hai Queic hOi tai tinh San La thang 4/2012. T6 chive HOi ngh1 phat than ming nghiep glita hai nuac vao thang 5/2012. Toa dam doanh nghiep Viet Nam — Lao do BO ICHDT va Hip hOi AVIL M chire tai Ha NOi thang 4/2012.

TO chive nhieu hot Ong van hod, van nghe, the' dye tha thao. Da khai mac trian lam "Sach bdo — MUa xuan hftu ngh1 Viet Lao" thang 4/2012. HOi din van nghe quan. chimg nguei Viet Nam tai Lao thing ,5/2012. T6 chive nhiau cuoc nai chuyen tai cac

• ea quan trung ucmg va dia .phucrng nham tuyen truyan sau rong mai quan he hai To ch(rc cuOc thi tim hien lich sr pan h8 Vi8t Lao vgi s8 lugng nguoi tham gia dong dao...

I

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a Cac Cu chi hop tac — dart ngogi kinh ti:

Cac ca the hop tac gitta ta ved Lao tip toe dirge duy tri va ph& huy hieu qua. Tai KY hop len the 33 UST ban lien Chinh phü hai mak (4/2011), hai ben dä 1c57 Chien lirgc ye Hop tac kinh t6-van Ma gido duc-khoa h9c ky thuat giai doan 2011 — 2020. Bang tiled lcY Hiep dinh ve Hop tac kinh te-van hOa gido chic-khoa h9c ky thuat giai doan 2011-2015.

Tai KS, hop Mn tit* 34 US, ban Lien chinh phu hai nuot (01/2012), hai ben a khang dinh tap trung trik khai dux hien wit the theta thuan cap cao gifra lath dao hai Ding, hai Nha nuac. Phoi hgp to chue thanh ding Nam Doan ket hau nghi Via Nam —Lao 2012. Tang cubing hgp tac ten- cac linh vtm gala hai mot, dac bit v kinh t6 du tu co trong tam trong diem cüa doanh nghiep Viet Nam tai Lao.

• Doi ngogi nhdn doin phtrong:

• Ngoal rai hang nam, cac BO; 'ban, nganh;- doan the; dia'phtiong; that - la 'cat tirih bien giei k6t nglica dad Cr nhieu doan dai bieu Dang, chinh quyen, doan the va cac nganh, cac cap...,duy tri cac hoat dOng dai ngoai Chinh thire, hoac trao dai kinh nghiem, nhat quan he hop tac, gifip &c nhau tren cac linh•wc.

Cong tac,d6i. ngoai nhan clan duoc tong d'a tang cueing sir hMu bi'at nhau. Cang vun dap m8i quan he doan lc& dac biet them ben chat. Dac biet, hai ben luon quan tam va tao dieu kien cho the he tre, h9c sinh, sinh vien dugc tham gia cac hoat Ong giao ltru, trao ciM, de gilt gin, bao ve va ph& trien tinh doàn ket hftu nghi dac biet Via Nam — Lao, Lao — Via Nam, coi do la quy kat ton tai, pith trien cüa hai nu6c.

Ben oath hop tac song phuang, hai ben cling da day math hgp tic trong khu6n kha ASEAN. DOng thai phOi hop chat che trong cac khuon kha hop tac lchu vlic va quec te.

2. Chinh sfich dói ngoai:

Dai hOi Bang NDCM Lao Mn thr IX (tiling 3/2011) khang dinh flap tockien dinh duemg loi dai ngoai hoa binh, dOc lap, him nghi va hop tac; chinh sach hop tac da phuang, da clang; tang cueng hop tac m9i mat \fad cac nu& ban chin luoc XHCN. Trong do nhan math that chat truyen thang doan ket dac biet va hop tac toan dien vai Viet Nam; quan he dai tac chin lucxo toan dien vOi Trung Quac; me rOng quan he hop tac vei cac nu& lang gieng; tich ctrc tham gia hoat dOng,trong hip h & Oi cac nu ASEAN, mo. rQng quan he hop tac vori cac nu& va cac to chec qu6c ta.

• Tinh den 2012, Lao. co quan he ngoaiggiao vei 133 nu6c, dat tru ca quan dai dien ngoai giao tai 34 ntrec \fa vima lath thO, c6 mai quan he voi han 100 Bang chinh tri tren the giei.

Hai ben flan hanh kY hop Mn till( 39 1:Jy ban lien Chinh phil Via Nam - Lao tai Ha N0i, nham tip tic Wang (Anil 1111 tien trong chink sach (16i ngoi IA Wong ngirng phat trien mei quan he halt nghi truyen thang, doan ket dac'biet va hop tac than dien

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Viet Nam-Lao, tang cutng six tin cay chinh tri Oita hai nuerc, th long nhat chi do than

khai cac thoa thuan cap cao, thnc day quan h hop tac gicia hai nutc khong ngimg phat than trong thbi gian

Thucrng mai Nan gigi Eng vai tro quan tong trong phat trian quan h thuang mai, hop tac kinh t Viet Lao, x6a dói giam ngheo tai vimg bier' hai nutc. Nam 2012, Chinh phü hai rank dä giao cho BO trutng BO C8ng Thuang mOi mite phe duyet Quy hoach phat trian h thang chg bi8n giai Viet Nam-Lao, Lao-Viat Nam an nam 2020.

3. Quart he halt nghl Viet Nam- Lao tren the phtrotg dien

1. Ngay thiEt içp Ngogi giao — quan h Vift Nam Lao: 05/9/1962.

2: Chinh frt.

Quan h Viet Nam-Lao — him nghi truyan thOng, doan kat dlae biet, hop tac toan dien — tip tgc duoc tang cugng,.phat trian. Hai ban dang tich cgc trian khai hieu qua cac th6a thuan cüa Lanh dao cAp cao hai mtge. Cling nhu 'cot qua cila h9p lan thir 37 Uy ban

lien Chinh: phil Viet Nam-Lao (Ha N0i, 01/2015). Hai ben phoi hop -CO chirc thanh

ding Hoi thao ly luan ran 2 giira hai Dang (Vieng Chan, 4/2014). Wong the/it clang

chuan bi cho HOi thao 15, luan lan 3 trong nam 2015. TO chirc hop thugng nik cap BO trugng Ngoai giao (thang 12/2014).

Tir 2015, hai ben da trao dal nhiau doan cap cao va cac cap. Trong do na tii bat la: Chu tich nu& Truang Tan Sang sang tham lam viec tai Lao (tir ngay 23-25/3/2015). Chu tich QuOc hoi Lao Pa-nY Ya-tho-tu than chinh thirc Viet Nam (dr ngay 28/3-04/4/2015) nhan dip du IPU 132. ThuOng true Ban BI tin; PhO Cht tich nu& Lao Bun-nhang Vo-la-chit sang du a kSt niem 40 nam giai phOng Mien Nam, thong nhat dat mite 30/4.

Quan h hat nghi truyen th6ng, doan ket dc biet, h9p tac toan dien Viet Nam-Lao khong ngimg duct ciing co va phat trien. Hai ben thuong xuyen c6 the hoat dOng trao dOi doan va tip the cap cao cling nhu the cap. Trong nam 2016, hai ben trao khoang 350 doan, trong do c6 130 doan tir cap Thu truong ter len. Gan day nhat, Tong Bi thtr Nguyen Phu Tr9ng dä tham him nghi chinh thire Lao thang 11/2016.

Quan he b9p tac Via-Lao teen tat ca,cac firth we tiep tuc duce clang c6, tang etrong va ngay cang di vao chi to eu sau; cac n tai, hart che timg buoc duce khac phuc; viec thgc hien Thoa thuan ve K hoach hop tac Viet Nam- Lao nam 2016 da ic5f gala hai Chinh phü ve co ban da4t throe mgc tieu d ra.

1 Quan he chinh tri Viet Nam-Lao ngay cang gan bó, tin cay, phat trial va di vao chieu sau ten tAt ca cac linh we; co six Eng thuan cao teen cac dian clan hop. tac khu we va quoc te, gop phan vao su ph& trien - cua m& nuee va viec gift yang h6a binh, On dinh, h9p tae, phat frit or lchu we va ten th8 giCri. Viet Nam da h tro c6 hieu qua cho Lao trong viec dam nhiem thanh cong vai trO Chit tich ASEAN nam 2016 va t6% chirc thanh cong Hi nghi cap cao ASEAN. vao thang 9/2016...

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3. Quan h kinh te; clau at; thurmg mgi

Hgp tdc kinh t dat nhieu ket qua nal bat: Viet Nam tip tvc la nha dau fix ion It'd 3 tai Lao. Tinh den nay Viet Nam dã ddu tu cho 261 chi an tai Lao veri tang van ddu tu khoang 5,22 ty USD (trong do van eüa cdc nha &du tu Viet Nam la 4,89 tY USD). Tang van thvc hien Ichoang 1 ty USD, tao 30.000 viec lam an dinh changuai Lao.

Hien Lao dung dau. trong tOng so 64 quac gia va yang lanh tha ca hoat dOng du tu cita doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Trong nam 2014 va 5 thang dãu nam 2015, 'Viet Nam cap mei 20 dv an du ttr sang Lao vei thug van du tu la 133 trieu USD.

Kim ngach thuang mai hai chieu nam 2014 trey dat 1,4 ty USD, tang 24,5% so vai 2013. Hai ben vira 147 Hip dinh Thucmg mai mai (thong 3/2015). Phan du dat tang tnrong thuang mai song phuang 40%

Cdc dv an FDA cita Viet Nam clanh cho Lao ve ea ban da ddp *rig dtrgc you cau cua tien dO de ra vei 2 chr an da hoan thanh: Dg an xay chmg trung tam dich vg ky thuat nong nghiep tinh Xiang Khoang; .Dai Phat thanh Truyen hinh tai tinh U-dOm-xay. Hai tIy ban hap tdc hai nuac da phOi hgp ti6n hanh cdc dgt kiem tra thgc dia tai Lao vao thang 5 va than 11 tram 2016; kip filed kiem tra giam sat chat lugng va don doe fin dO filen khai dv

Hai ben phai h9p chat che, Ong h0 ldn nhau tai cdc di rk dan hgp tac khu vvc va qui& te, tiep tic tang cueing hgp tdc, phoi hap vOl the ntrac thanh vien ASEAN.Ichdc trong viec xay dvng COng (tang ASEAN va duy tri doan ket, thing thuan dm ASEAN trong cac van de c6 tam quan trgng chi& Itrac 0 lchu vvc.

Ddu tu am Viet Nam tai Lao fir nam 1989 den thing 6 narn 2012 c6 tat ca 435 dv an yeti tang van dang kY 5.250.794.502 USD, trong do so dv an 100% van Viet Nam du tu c6 300 di, an; tri gid 4.258.162.544 USD, lien doanh 135 dv an, tri giá 992.631.959 USD, phan lon doanh nghiep Viet Nam Mu W trong cdc lTnh vvc nang lugng din, Ichodng san, Gong nghi'ep, tieu thu cong nghiep, dich vv, nong nghiep, ngan hang, bao hiem.

a. Hop tdc trong linh vtec dian va khai khoang:

Trong sa 18 dv an (tang c6ng sudt 3723 MW) thfiy din tai Lao ma cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dugc Chinh phit Lao cap phep, c6 2 dv an dang trien khai xay dvng; sO dv an dang thvc hien MOU: 11 dv an; thvc hien hgp dang ph& trien dv an (PDA) la 3 dv an, 2 dv an tra lai Chinh phi'. Dv an thily din Xekaman 3 ph& dien thuang mai vao Si nam 2013.

Trong linh vve khai khan& doanh nghiep Viet Nam hien dang Mu tu 55 dvan khai thdc Ichoang san tai Lao yeti 36 doanh nghiep, trong do, 25 di, an dang tim ki'em; 20 dv an Ichao sat; 3 dv an nghien ciru Icha thi; 7 dv an dang khai iliac, teen tong din tich 2.045.814 ha.

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b. Linh vvc tài chinh, ngan hang, viIn thong va dich vy

Day la linh vvc h9p tac kinh ta Viet Lao duce denh gia la co hieu qua nhat. Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tham gia lien doanh trong cac firth V1,1:C ngan hang, tai chinh, bao hiam, dich vii dien thoai.cli dOng, internet hay dau tu 100% van nhu PV Oil Lao du

4-1 hi'eu qua cao. Trong do, Ngan hang lien doanh Lao — Viet- tir mire von ban dau 10 trieu USD (1998) tang len 37,5 trieu USD tinh an hat nam 2011 (BIDV nam gill 65% ea phan tha LVB, va BCEL nam gilt 35%).

COng ty Lien doanh vin thong Viettel — Star Telecom lchai twang dich \in yeti ten pi Unitel vao nam 2009 chi ehiern 2% thi phan vigil thong Lao, nam 2012 doanh nghi'ap nay da ,chiem hon 50% thi phan, thug doanh thu tang manh nam 2009 dat 13 trieu USD, nam 2010 4-160 trieu USD, nam 2012 dv kin dat 130 trieu USD.

c. Linh vvc belt rag san

Cac dv an-dau tu hop tac kinh ta Viet Lao vao linE vve bat dOng san ding thu duce nhiau thanh Cong. CO tha ka nhu dv an Golf Long Thanh, chr an phat trian bat dOng san tai Vieng Chan cüa HAGL, dv an lchaeh san tai Champasak eita c8ng ty Tin Nghia (pang Nai).

d. Thwung mgi

Kim ngach thuang mai hai chiau Viet Nam — Lao killing •ngUng tang nhanh trong nhung nam gan day. Toe dQ trung binh 30%/nam. Tir mire khiem tan 45 trieu USD/nam vao dau nhang nam 1990 dã len dan 422 trieu USD tiam 2008. Nam 2010, kim ngaeh xuat nhap lchau gicra hai nuere tang truemg manh dat. 490 trieu USD. Tang 17,3% so veti nam 2009. Trong do xuat khau tha Viet Nam sang Lao dat 198 trieu USD, tang 17,2%. Nhap khau tir Lao dat 292 trieu USD.. Tang 17,4 % so voi nam 2009.

NAm 2011 tang kim ngaeh xuat nhap khau gitra hai nuese dat mire tang tins:mg manh, dat 734 trieu USD. Tang 49,8% so yeti ding Ic3/ nam 2010.• Trong do xuat khau cM Viet Nam sang Lao dat 274 trieu USD. Tang 38,1% va thvc hien vugt 10% mire ka hoach nam. Nhap khau tu Lao dat 460 trieu USD. Tang 57,5% so yeti cimg kS, nAm 2010. Nam 2012, dv ki'an kim ngaeh xuat nhap Ichau gala hai nu& dat lchoang 900 trieu USD.

e. Tit trong san pheim:

Trong co cau hang hod caa Viet Nam xuat Ichau sang Lao, .chiam t5r tr9ng Ion nhat la )(lig d'au tai xudt (khoang 24%). Tip theo la sat thep,,phdemg tin van tai, hang de't may, than da, may moc thiat bi, day dien va cap diem

Viet Nam nhap khan dr Lao chii yau la ga, eac san pham g6 va kim loai thuong. Nhap lchau g, eac .san pham ga dr Lao nam 2011 tang manh dan 93% so vai eimg nam 201.0, Chi6rn (.14:11 68% kinyngach nhaip }<hall tit Lao.

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f dai thwong mai:

Chuang trinh uu dai thue quan trong him tac kinh tie Viet Lao da dugc áp dung tir nam 2001. Nam 2012, BQ Cong Thuang hai nuot da xem xet giam thue cho hang hem e6 xuat ?dr dr Viet Nam va Lao lchi nhap Wu. Mire thus uu dai dirge xac dinh giam truiec cat met thus ma Lao va- Viet Nam cam ket áp dung vei the ntrem trong kh6i ASEAN. Tir 2012, hau het the hang hoa thong thuong duge san xuat tir Viet Nam va Lao du dugc huerng mire thuS suat thua nhap Ichau 0% khi .nhAp Ichau tit nhang mat hang thu6e danh rave hang nhay cam.

4.h e:hçrp tac giao cluc:

Tie') tic dugc uu tien; s6 lugng h9c sinh mói nhan tang-10%. Nam hoc 2014-2015 ea 9.295 cant)°, sinh vien Lao h9c tap tai Viet Nam. Deng dial eel 428 can b6, sinh vien Viet Nam hoc tap tai Lao.

Her tac dao.taO dual nhieu loai -birth ngay tang merrOng, duge hai Chinh pha quan tam, uu lien va duce the dja phuang, doanh nghiep cim Viet Nam h6 trg c6 hieu qua bang nguen lye dm minh. Cong tat dao tao dOi net can NI va nguon nhan lye cho Lao ngay tang duge tang eueng ve s8 lugng, cal thin ve chat lugng vei cat phuong thee va loai hinh dao tao da dang, phong phü, dap Img yeti cau d& mai elm Lao; cat ca sâ dao tao km h9c sinh Lao tai Viet Nam duct quan tam du tu nang cap.

- Chat lugng hoc tap km hgc sinh Lao theo dien Hiep dinh c6 chuyen hien tot. Tinh den thai diem hien tai, s8km hge sinh Lao dang c6 mat h9c tap tai Viet Nam la hcm 14,000 ngued, trong do din hip dinh hcm 3.400.ngued.

5. Quan he an ninh, quac phong, bien gioi:

— Hgp tac giera hai ntrem khong ngimg tang cuemg va Wien Ichai tOt tren tAt ea the linh vkre, dac biet ye huan luyen, dao tao. Hai ben vira ky Nghl dinh thu ye hgp tac quac pheng giai doan 2015 — 2020. Phei hop dam bao yang chae 6n dinh chinh tit tat ty an toan xã hoi ô tan ntree. Ngan than co hieu qua am muu va hoat dOng ch6ng pha elm cat lye *mg thn Ache

— Hal. ben tich eye phsoi hap d hoan thanh K hoach teng the thyc hien tang tac tang day, ton tao he thong mot qu6c gied Viet Nam —Lao. Trien Ichai Them thuan cap Chinh phu ye giai guy& van de ngthei di cu ty do va ke't hon khong gia thia trong khu vye bien Odd Viet Nam — Lao (2013). Hal ben dä chinh thee lchai truang mo hinh "mOt elm, mOt lan dung" tai cap elm khau quac te Lao Bao (Quang Tri) — Den-xa-van (Xa-van-na-lchet) (02/2015).

Hai ben pi-16i hap tat trong hap tac ve quee pheng-an ninh, xay dung tuyan bien glen Viet-Lao on dinh va phat tri8n toan dien; dau tranh hieu qua cheng cat the lye thii dich, cat loai toi pham xuyen quiet gia, t0i pham ma thy...

• Kim ngach thucmg mai hai chiL Vi@ Nam-Lao nam 2016 u6c dat 801 tri@i USD, trong do nhap khau elm Viet Nam tir Lao dat 342 trieu USD va xu'at khau tir

46

Viet Nam sang Lao dat 459 trial USD. Cac hoat dOng Vic flan thucmg mai dugc day manh gOm: Hi chg throng mai Viet-Lao nam 2016 tai Thu do Vieng Chan vao thang 7; Hi nghi thuang m.ai Nen giai Via Nam-Lao Fan thir X tai tinh At-ta-pu (Lao) vao thang 9; ky them thuan hgp tác v thanh l'ap website kinh th-thuang mai Viet Nam-Lao thong 11/2016... .

6. Hop tac trong linh vyr khac (cong nghi"0, Wong nghip, viin thong, giao thong

van tat, lao dOng, y •

giao thong van tai, hai ben dã ky Ban Ghi nho ve,Chign hive hgp the trong lirih virc giao thOng van tai giai don 2016-2025, tam nhin den nam 2030, trong do hai nganh giao thong van tai da thong nhat IC hoach 5. Mm (2016-2020) thue hien Ban ghi nhâ nay; hoan thanh nghien efru tin kha thi Du an xay dung duang cao the Ha Ni-Vieng Chan va k lc& Them thuan veDAu tu xay dung du an (thang 11/2016); day manh trien, khai cac du an kat noi ve giao th8ng van tai trong lchuon hgp Mc song

phuong ding nhu tieu vimg.

Dien Xe-ka-man 1 dä hoan thanh va phat dien; Khach san Mthang Thanh Vieng Chan clang kip thai hoan thanh, dtra vao sü dung phuc vu kith 110i nghi cap cao ASEAN vao thang 9/2016. Hoat dOng vie ti tan Mu tu dugc thüc day nhu: ThU Wong Lao Thoong-lun Xi-xu-lit gap gar va dSi thoai vori gan hai tram doanh nhan Viet Nam dang Mu tu, kinh doanh tai Lao (thang 10/2016).

Quan h hgp tac v y tie tigp tuc phat trien, nhat la gifra cac tinh giap bien. Via Nam vita Ong th6 xay. clung 2 benh vien him nghi mai tai tinh HUa Phan tri gia khoang 20 trieu USD va tai tinh Xieng-Khoang tri gia 17,6 trieu USD.

Hip dinh song phuong:

— Hai ben tiep tic thue hien c6 hieu qua cac th6a thuan dä k k& nham gop phan thile My hgp tac giaa hai nuac nhu: Nghi dinh thu tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho phuong tien co giai &rang bQ qua lai Nen gioi gicra Viet Nam va Lao, Hip dinh GMS, Thea thuan 3 ben yia Nam — Lao — Thai Lan ve hoat (tang van tai khach du lich bang throng b0, Hip dinh ba ben ve tao thuan lgi cho van chuygn nguoi va hang hoa glib ba nuov Viet Nam —Lao — CamLpu-chia.

Hip dinh Thucmg,mai song phuong mai va Hip dinh Thuang mai bien giai duce hai ben tich cue phi hgp trial khai. Cac ca chein dai ve thug silk thug nhap Ichau di von hang h6a c6 xuat xfr tit hai mac dugc hai ben tiep two thuc hien; Danh muc cac mat hang dugc hthang thus suk bang 0% ngay cang ma rOng.

Van hem, the thao, du lich:

— Quan h hgp tao giaa Viet Nam va Lao trong lTnh we van hod, the thao va du lich din ra tot dep. Hai ben, day mathtuyen truyen, giao due trong nhan dan, nhat la thg

tre hai nuac ve truyen thong quan h dc biet Via Nam-Lao. Hoan thanh du an bier' soan lich sir doan kik dc biet Via-Lao giai (loan 1930-2007. Tie') two trien khai

47

vice ding b6, ph a Hen rOng rai cac san pham cua. Du an nay trong nhan clan hai nu& r•

va ban be cac nut°.

Trong 9 thang dau nam 2016, s6 du khach Lao den Viet Nam dat 100.284 Wort SO du khach Vi'et Nam tham Lao dat 760.500 lugt nox&i, tang 20% so vai ding

nam 2015.

Hop toe gifta cac dia phuang:

Hgp tac gitla cac b0, ban, nganh, cac Uy ban elm QuOc hOi, daan the va cac ta chirc nhan titp tub &Jot day manh, mang lg hieu qua thiet thkre, thOng qua cac hog dOng trao dai doan, trao d6i kinh nghiem va ginp da, h trg lan nhau, lcY ket cac hien ban hgp tac. Hop tac trong cae finh we Ichoa hgc cong nghe, khoa h9c xã hi, tai nguyen moi train-1g, !long .nghiep, thong tin truyen thong, lao dOng, van h6a, bao tang, du lich... dirge hai ben quan tam chi' tong.

Quan h gilip dä lan nhau, nhat la cac dia phuong c6 chung throng 'Wen giefi tip Ale dugc tang cueing, dc bit la trong vice xay dung ca kr ha tang, cham sOc y th, dao tao phat trien ngthan nhan lye, dam bao an ninh trat tkr, an than tai eac khu we Nen gied hai nutc.

— Hgp tac gift cac dia phuang duce chit tong thoc day. Trong thiM gian qua cac dia phuong bier), glad hai nu& dä tang cueing moi quan h doan ket, hgp tac truyen thong gan 1)6, dam bao an ninh xa hOi viing Nen, giai guy& tat .nhiring w vice ph& sinh nham xay dung dtrOng bien giâi hea binh, 6n dinh va pith trier'. Ma rOng va phat trien

. hop the gift cac .dia phuong va cac thanh pho len nlur Ha N0i, H6 Chi Minh, Quang Ninh, Hãi PhOng, Ha Tinh, Vieng Chan, Cham-pa-xac, Kham MuOri... Nhat la •trong cac linh we kinh tt, thuang mai. Phan nao dap ling dugc nhu eau phat trik elm cac dia phuang va khai tithe dirge tiern hang va the manh san c6 v'e dat dai va ngu6n tai nguyen, than lye dm moi ben.

Dien dan da phuong:

— Ben canh hap tac song phuong, hai ben ding da day manh hop tac trong khuOn kh6 ASEAN, trong cac Ichuon Ich6 hgp tac lchu we va qutc tt. Hai nuere tang cuang va thueng xuyen trao d6i thong tin vt cac van d quOc tE. Phoi hcp trong cac hog dOng tai ASEAN, CLV, CLMV, ACMECS, GMS, cac tO Choy va then dan hap tac lchu wc, qui& tt. Hai ben a phoi hop t6 chire thanh cong IINCC CLV-8, AIPA-35 tai Lao

(2014).

V. Tinig quan cac hip dinh song phurang V* Nam Lim

6. Hip tlinh song phteang ViOt Nam Lao:

— Hip dinh Lanh six 1985;

— Hip dinh yE quy che Men gied 1990;

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— Hip dinh Hgp tac Kinh fa-Van hoa-Khoa h9c Ky thuat giai doan 1992-1995 (2/1992);

— Hip dinh v Kiau clan (1/4/1993);

— Hiep dinh qua canh hang.hoa (23/4/1994);

- chnh H9p tac lao deng (29/6/1995); .

Hip dinh Hgp tac Kinh fa-Van hoa-Khoa h9c Ky thuat giai doan 1996-2000 (14/1/1996);

— Hip .dinh ichuyan lchich va bao he dau tu (14/01/1996);

— Hip dinh tranh clanh thu8 2 lkn (14/1/1996);

— Hip dinh Van tai &rang big (26/02/1996);

— Hip dinh va trao di nha tru so' va nha & co a co guan di din (01/4/1996); •

— Hip dinh \fa hgp tac ming lam Ira phat trian nong than nam 1997 va giai doan 1998-. 2000 (12/8/1997);

— Hip dinh 1)6 sung va sira d61 guy cha Nen giari (8/1997);

- dimh hcp tac Thuang mai va du lich (3/1998);

— Hip dinh Quy cha tai chinh va quanlY cac chucmg trinh du an sir dung van vien trg khong hoan lai cüa Chinh phil Viet Nam danh cho Chinh phü Lao (3/1998);

— Hip dinh twang trg tu phap (06/7/1998);

— Hip dinh h9p tic chang ma toy (06/7/1998);

— Hip dinh h9p tac v nang lugng-din (06/7/1998).

7. Hip

— Hip the Hiru nghi va Hgp tac vei Via Nam (18/7/1977); • •

— Hip the hoach dinh Nen gibi 7/1977.

8. Hier, clinh khung

Hip dinh Hcp tac Kinh te, Van hod, Khoa h9c Ky thuat glib. hai Chinh.phit Via Nam-Lao giai doan 2001-2005 (6/2/2001);

— Hip dinh tin dung xay dung duerng 18B (7/2001);.

— Hip di.nh mian thi thgc cho cong dan mang ha chieu phat thong (Icy ngay 05/4/2004 có hieu 1re tir ngay 01/7/2004);

— Hip dinh ba sung Hip dinh tin dung sa Via Lao-01 gib. Chinh phia nu& C1-DCHCN Via Nam va Chinh phO nu& CHDCND Lao (16/7/2004);

— Hip dinh ye FIgp tac Kinh te, Van boa, Khoa h9c ICY th* giCra ChInh phü CHXHCN Via Nam va Chinh phü CHDCND Lao giai doan2006-2010 (04/ 01/2006);

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— Hip dinh Tao diau kin thuan lqi cho phuang tin ca giei duang b0 qua lai bien gioi giira Viet Nam va Lao (23/4/2009);

—.Hi'ep dinh Thurang mai Viet Nam — Lao (3/2015).

— Hip dinh hqp tac lao dOng gitra Chinh pM Viet Nam va Lao.

9. Thea thuan song phwang:

— Ban thoa thuan Chien luqc Hop tac Kinh te, Van hoa., Khoa h9c K9 thuat giita hai Chinh phi" Viet Nam — Lao giai doan 2001-2010 (6/2/2001);

— Thoa thuan gala Viet Nam va Lao ve Quy che sir dung cang Wing Ang (7/2001);

— Thoa thuan ve ca che tai chinh va quan 157 du an sir dung vin try cria Chinh phi]. Via Nam danh cho Chinh pM Lao (01/2002);

— Thoa thuan Vieng Chan (8/2002);

— Them thuan ve Chien luqC hop tac giita Via Nam va Lao ti hai tinh Hüa Phan va Xiang Khoang den nam 2020 (12/2012);

— Th6a thuan giUa hai Chinh pM v'a giai guy& van d'e di cu tu do va kat hOn khong gia

thir tai khu vvc bien giei hai nuec Viet Nam-Lao (08/7/2013);

— Thea thuan hop tac giita hai BO Ngoai giao (12/2014).

.— Theta thuan hqp tac ve lao dOng va phirc lqi giita BO Lao dOng va Thuang birth Xã

hoi Via Nam vei BO Lao dOng va Phitc lqi xa hOi Lao (7/2013).

10.Nghi dinh thy:

— Nghi dinh-thu sira dei, be sung Hip dinh van tai &rang b0 IcSr ngay 24/02/1996

(7/2001);

— Nghi dinh Thu 2001 thuC hien Hip dinh throng b0 sira .dai (7/2001);

—Nghi dinh Thu v Hqp tac Dao to can bØ gitra 2 nuec (01/2002);

—Nghi dinh thu sira di Hip dinh gicra Chinh pM CHXHCN Via Nam va chinh pM

CHDCND Lao va khuyen Ichich va Bao hO dau tu (12/2012).

VI. MOt s6 hog dOng trao d6i Doan cap cao Vi'et Nam Lao thin gian gan day

a. Trao ddi Doan cdp cao Viet Nam Lao phia Viet Nam cc') ccic chuyin cna:

o Tang BI thu N6ng Dire Manh (7/2001; 10/2006);

0 Tong Bi Ulu Nguyen Phil Trong (6/2011, 4/2014 du tet cis truyen cira Lao);

o CM tich nu& Le Dirc Anh (11/1993.); Chir tich nuec Tran Dirc Luang

(6/1999);

o Chit tich nue° Nguyen Minh Triet (02/2007);

0 CM tich nuec Throng T'an Sang (02/2012 tham chinh thdc, 11/2013 tham nOi

b.& 3/2015 tham lam viec);

ra.

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O Thu Wong Vo Van KVA (8/1997);

O Thil Wong Phan Van Khali (5/2000);

O Thn tuang Nguygn Tan Dting (12/2006; 9/2011; 11/2012; 3/2013 tham nOi b0, 11/2014 du IINCC CLV-8);

O Clth tich Qu6c hOi Nguyen Van An (10/2002);

O Chit' tjch Quoc 116i Nguygn PhU 'Prong (4/2007);

O Chit tich Qu6c hOi Nguygn Sinh Hung (7/2012; 10/2012).

b. Trao clai Doan caf p cao Vi@ Nam Lao phia Lao có cac chuyin cna:

Chit tich nuerc CHDCND Lao Nu-h&c Phum-xa-van tharn him nghi chinh thUc Viet Nam (8/1994);

• Chu tich ICham tay Xi phan don (01/1999; 5/2002);

Tong B1 thu, Chi\ tich nuot Churn-ma-ly Xay-nha-xon (6/2006, 8/2011; 12/2012, 10/2013 du le tang Dai Wang Vo Nguyen Giap, 8/2014 tham nOi b0);

Thu tuong Xi-xa-vat Keo-bun-phan (7/1998);

Thu tugng Bun-nhang Vo-la-chit (7/2001; 4/2004);

Thil Wang Bua-xon BUp-pha-van (8/2006);

Thu tuOng Thoong-xinh Tham-ma-vong (3/2011, 02/2012, 7/2013, 3/2014 than' nen b0, 4/2014 du HNCC t:JyhOi song Me °Ong ran thir 2);

Clth tich Quoc hOi Xa-man Vi-nha-ket (6/2003; 01/2006);

Chd tich Qu6c hOi Thoong-xinh Tham-ma-vong (11/2006);

Clth tich Quac hOi Pa-ny Ya-tho-tu (8/2011, 4/2012, 3/2015).

VII. Phan dau din quan h'e dac biet Via Nam- Lao, Lao- Viet Nam len tam cao mot •

Voi nhcmg thanh 4ni to lern ve kinh te-xã hOi sau hcm 20. nam tien hanh ding cuOc doi mei va nhang chuyen bien quan trong trong quan h hgp tac toan din Viet Nam - Lao, Lao - Viet Nam trong nhang nam qua da tao nen nhang dieu kin vat chat to 16n tithe day viec tier, Ale tang cuerng hgp tac toan din Viet Nam-Lao, Lao - Viet Nam trong giai dap

De tang cuemg hop the toan din, dua quan h dac bidet Via Nam-Lao, Lao-Viet Nam ion tam cao mai can b8 sung va dieu chinh ca chi& chinh sach, chucmg trinh Ira t6 eh& chi dao hop tac cho pha hop vol &Arc t vã nhang dOi h6i mgi cUa su hap the toan dien gicra hai nage. Dc biet la trong b8i canh hOi nhap kinh t quoc M va khu vuc hien nay va nhang nam tori, cang can phai day nhanh viec dieu chinh kip died, linh hoat cat nOi dung da thoa thuan bang ate van ban hop Mc nham tao diau 1cin cho ate

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te chirc, dcm vi hop tac thgc hien có hieu qua nhang mgcteu chin lugc hop tao dã dat ra.

Trong qua trinh tang cuong quan he hop tac toan dien, hai ben can luon luon ton tong dueng lai ngoai dc lap, ttr chit' và chit truong da phuang Ma, da clang boa cac quan h'e di ngoai cita nhau.

Trong quan h hop tac kinh th sap toi can phai chit tong tinh thgc chat, hieu qua vá chat . lucmg. CO ngliia 14, cac chuong trinh hop tao, nit& la tü phia Viet Nam (coo dg ,an dm Viet Nam dau vao Lao) phai pith hop voi you cau cOng cuac xay dung dat nuot, bao ve toan yen lanh tha va an ninh quo gia cüa Lao. Viet Nam can tru 'den cac dg an hop tao vori Lao phi' hop vai qui hoach va ke hoach ph& trien cita Lao da dugc vach ra tai cáo ka hoach 5 nam 2006-2010 va tam nhin den 2020 dm Lao. DO la cac dg an hop tao v phat then thily dien vai Lao, dg an xay dung &rang giao thong ra bien; cac dtr an hop tao trong Firth vgc gido dye, dao tao va phat then nguon nhan lc.

, Viet Nam va Lao can phai phat huy quan him nghi truyen thang, tinh doan ket dc biet tr& thanh Ong lye thuc day ngay cang manh me hop tao toan dien, sac biet la hop tac kith te pinto IT two tieu phat trier' cita m8i ntroc, dua hop tac toan dien Viet Nam-Lao, Lao - Viet Nam trong tiled gian tâi ngang tam vâi quan h truyen thong dc biet gitra hai nuerc chimg ta.

'firth chat dc biet cüa quan he Viet Nam - Lao, Lao - Viet Nam khac can ban veri ode quan h di tao thong thuicmg a cha no la quan he hop tao toan dien bao gam ca chinh tri, an ninh, kinh te, van hoa.... va in den, tin dai cho nhau cao hon ca cac quan he song phuang khac. Can co mat nhan thirc thang nhat eta can ix) va nhan dan hai nuoc v tinh chat dac. biet nay. Ca hai ben can 00 tam nhin rang han, toan dien va Mu dai hcm chir khong chi & cac lgi ich kinh t thuan thy va ngan han.

De tang cuemg quan he hop tao toan dien Viet Nam-Lao, Lao - Viet Nam trong giai doan m&i, can tap trung tie') tic flux hien nhang dinh huong ion da dugc theta thuan gitra hai BO Chinh tri thang 1-2008 tai Viet-1g Chan va tap tuc thgc hien 6 chtrong trinh Imre lieu dä dugc thaa thuan tai Rip dinh hop tao gitra hai Chinh phO giai doan 2006-2010. Thgc hien thang lgi chuang trinh hop tao giai doan 2006-2010 se tao thang tien de' vat chat can thiet cho viec xay dung chin lugc hop tao Viet Nam-Lao, Lao-Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2015 va tam nhin den 2020.

Dinh huong ca ban cita chien lugc hop tao Viet Nam-Lao, Lao-Viet Nam giai don 2011-2020 la: "Phat huy truyen thong quan h de Net Viet Nam-Lao, Lao - Viet Nam trer thanh Ong lye tao ra sg chuyen bien math me trong hop tao kinh tá, Op phan thgc hien mgc tieu that. trien kinh te-xã hOi va hai nhap cita m8i nuoc". Trong do, khong ngimg nang cao nhan thire va lam sau sac them quan h dac biet Viet Nam-Lao, Lao - Vi8t Nam trong hop tao kinh t8, van hoa, khoa h9c, k5i thuat tao act chuyen bin manh me tithe day hop tao kinh te ngang tam vei quan h truyen thong gitia hai nuerc. Tharn nhuan tu• tuerng chi dao: coi tong, pink tri8n va ding c6 m6i quan h Mu

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nghi truyen thang, doan ket dc biet va su hop tac toan then gida hai nu& va coi day la nhiem vv cg tam chin lugc to Ion, thiet thgc phuc vu lgi ich darn bao an dinh an ninh chinh tri va phat than dia ine)i ntrac. Coi hgp tac va nang cao chat lugng gido duc-dao tao va phat trien nguan nhan luc la nhiem vi chien lugc Mu dai gifx'a hai nuesc

nham hinh thanh pith the he mai ke can có day dü Pang Pre va nhan that mth each sau sac ve mai quan Ix hat nghi truyen thang, tinh doan kat dc biet va hgp tao toan dien gida hai nugc, tao long tin Wing chac, Mu dai lan nhau, gOp phan tang cuong ben yang mai quan h gitin hai Dang va hai Nha nutc. Dac biet,coi Pang dao tao va ben durang di ngti can 1)8 chinh tri, nhat la dal riga can be cac cap cilia cac tha phuang,Lao, can

1)8 lam viec cac du an gitra .hai nuot; kat hgp hai,hOa gitia dao tao va bai du'ang, gala s6 hx9ng va chat luong, gida dao tao chinh qui cac bac hgc vgi dao tao nghe.

Thuang xuyen phi hgp va cu the hoa quan diem ve quan he dac biet Viet Nam

- Lao, Lao - Viet Nam tren tinh than cac tuyen ba chung va thea thuan cap cao Oda lanh dao hai Dang, hai Nha nugc vao cac nOi. dung itgp tac kinh tá, van h6a, khoa hoc k$1 thuat gifra hai ntrac. Ting buoy nang cao chat Wang va hieu qua hgp tac tren nguyen thobinh (tang, ding ca lgi va tinh than quan h'e dac biet theo luat phap aim mai nu& tren ca sof flitting nth dung sau:

- Tip plc dau Pr va phat huy flitting tiem nang, lgi the cüa hai nuot nham bo sung nguou 1xc cho nhau, phü hap yeti muc tieu, ke hoach ph& _then kinh te - xa hth cOa men nu& theo tang giai doan, gap phan Uwe hien muc lieu c6ng nghiep Wm, hien 41 h6a cüa Lao trong 10 nam tâi, dua nu:gc Lao thoat lchoi nu& kern ph& trien vao nam 2020.

- Phan du tang kim ngach xuat nhap khau hai nugc dg 2 tY USD vac nam 2015, va 5 tY USD \Tao nam 2020. Quan tam dac biet tai viec bao dam ket n6i giao th8ng duang 1)0 teen cac troc huyet mach va cac tuyen kM n6i qua bien .gioi tied cac cang bin c8a Viet Nam a phoc viii dAu tu, thuong mai va hOi &lap gitla hai nuec tren nguyen tAc dau lir thing be va dang tiled Oita hai ben.

- Tang cuing va nang cao vai tr8 hgp tac gifip dä l'an nhau eta cac b0, nganh, ta tha phuang va doanh nghiep hai nugc. Gan phat then kinh te - xa hth vOri qu6c

phOng, an ninh, dac biet la cac dia phuang co chung dtrOng bit gioi nham phat then cac dia phuang khu vgc bien giai t& thanh hau phuang chin lugc vang chac, On dinh,h6a binh, hau nghi, hgp tao lâu dai, tao sr On bo, tiutuaing lan nhau lau dai.

- Hai ben ph6i hgp chat che viec ra soat, bei sung sua d6i cac van ban thea thuan, ph6i hgp xay dgng ca che, chinh sach moi phU hgp vOl luat phap va tinh hinh thgc terni nugc, the hien mai quan,he dac biet gitta hai nu& va thong le quac tã, tao sç chuyen bien trong hgp tao kinh te cting nhu hoi nhap qu6c te va khu vgc cUa m6i nu&

- Phi hop chat che trong viec thgc hien cac cam lc& va coo sir dang thuan trong cac khuOn kh8 hop the da phtrong doi vgi niffing van a co lien quan den hai nugc.

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• Tren co so nhiing lc& qua to Ryncüastr hop tac toan din Viet Nam-Lao, Lao-Viet Nam nhang nam qua, lanh do cdp cao hai Dang, hai Nha nuot theng nhat dat uu

tien cao nhat ding phan du - nang quan he' dc bit Viet Nam-Lao, ‘Lao-Viet Nam

len tarn cao theo phtrong cham chat ltrong va hi0t qua, g6p phan giU yang On

dinh an ninh chinh tri; tang truong kinh te ben yang, hi nhap ngay cang sau reng va co vi the ximg (tang ten trixong,quec ta. D dg dugc attic tiou nay, lanh dao cap cao hai nuac da that tri truck het Wei) tuc cling cO, tang cuong so gan 1)6, tin clay va phoi hop chat che, thixong xuyen trong nhang van de c6 tinh chin hxgc gifra hai Pang, hai nuac; duy tri the cue gap c'ap cao truyen tilling. Tang cuemg tuyen truyen, gido due bang nhieu hinh thirc phong phu, hieu qua va thiat.thuc ve rnOi quan he hitu nghi truyen thong, tinh doan ket (lac biet Nth _hop tac - toan dien Viet Nam-Lao, Lao-Viet

Nam cho toan the can bO, dang vien va nhan dan hai nutc, dc bit la theh thanh thieu nien horn nay va mai sau./.

Nguan:

http://vietlaonews.com

https://www.ivivu.com

http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn

http://chinhphu.vn

https://vi.wikipedia.org

http://vietnamexport.com

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